Answers of exercise

1. GENERAL PHYSICS
1.4. Mass and Weight P11
1.1. Quantity and Unit (1) W  mg  1.2kg 10  12N on the earth
1
W  mg  1.2kg  10  2N on the moon
1.2. Length and Time P4 6
W 300
(1) (a) 10.16cm (b) 5.53cm (2) (a) m    30kg
(2) (a) 5.35mm (b) 13.02mm g 10
(c) 11.76mm (b) m = 30 kg,
t 45 1
(3) T    3s W  mg  30   10  50 N
n 15 6
t 3 (c) m = 30kg, W = 0N
(4) (a) T    6s [TRY]
n 12
If heavy luggage is put on the roof, the centre of gravity
(b) t  T  n  6 12  72s moves high. This makes a minibus unstable.

1.3. Speed, Velocity and Acceleration P9 1.5. Volume and Density P12-13
d 6km 6  1000m
(1) s    2m/s (1) d  
m 255
 8.5g/cm
3
t 50 min 50  60s V 30
v u 80
a   1.6m/s
2 m 8
(2) (2) d    1kg/m
3
t 5 V 2 2 2
54  1000m m 520  200
(3) 54km / h   15m/s (3) d    2g/cm
3
60  60s V 160
v  u 0  15
a   5m/s
2 [TRY]
t 3 (1) 1kg/m3=1000g/1000000cm3
(4) (a) v  u  at  0  5  3  15m/s =0.001g/cm3
1 2 1 (2) (a) Sink (b) Float
(b) x  ut  at  0  3   5  3  22.5m
2
2 2 Because the density of an egg is higher than that of pure
water but less than that of salt water.
v u 20  10
2 2 2 2
(5) (a) a    3m/s2
2x 2  50
v  u 20  10 1.6. Force P15
(b) t    3.33m/s
2
a 3 (1) F  ma  8  2  16N
(6) (a) v  u  at  0  10  3  30m/s (2) a  
F 20
 4m/s
2

1 2 1 m 5
(b) x  ut  at  0  3   10  3  45m
2
F 24
2 2 (3) m    4kg
(7) (a) a 6
Speed[m/s]
v u 2 0
2 2 2 2
(4) (a) a    2m/s2
40 2x 2 1
(b) F  ma  30  2  60N
20 1N F
time[s] (5)  F  2N
5 7 15 5mm 10mm
v  u 0  40 20 N 15N
 x  4cm
(b) a    5m/s
2 (6)
t 8 x 3cm
(c)
 5  20  20  40 2   8  40  270m
1 1 1
x  area  1.7. Moment P17
2 2 2 (1) (a) M  Fd  0.5  2  1Nm
d 270 (b) M = 0Nm
(d) s    18m/s
t 15 (c) M  Fd  3  5  2  9Nm
[TRY] (2) (a) F  2  3  6 F  9N
Because a piece of paper receives more air resistance than (b) F  3  3 1  2  3 F  3N
a stone. 10 m/s2 is the acceleration when air resistance is (c) 5 1  3 1  F  2 F  1N
ignored.
(3) (a) 4  d  2  4 d  2m
(b) 6  d  3 1  2  3 d  1.5m
(c) 5 1  3 1  1 d d  2m
(4) 50cm 30cm 15cm (c) 1 banana

W 140g
(a) At the 80cm mark 1.9. Simple machine P24
(b) W  mg  0.14 10  1.4N L 120
(1) (a) MA   3
(c) W  30  1.4 15 W 0.7N E 40
d 80
(d) m 
W 0.7
  70g VR  E  4
g 10 d L 20
MA 3
Eff  100  100  75%
VR 4
1.8. Work, Energy and Power P18
L 192
(1) W  Fd  25 10  250J (b) MA    2.4
(2) W  Fd  200  50  10000J10kJ 
E 80
VR  number of r o p es 4
(3) W  Fd  500 10  5  25000J25kJ 
MA 2.4
(4) (a) F  ma  1000  2  2000N Eff   100   100  60%
VR 4
1 2 1
(b) x  ut  at  0  20   2  20  400m
2 L 340
2 2 (c) MA    17
E 20
(c) W  Fd  2000  400  800000J800kJ  d 40
P21 VR  E   20
dL 2
(1) PE  mgh  10 10  50  5000J5kJ 
MA 17
(2) PE  mgh  1.2 10  0.8  9.6J Eff   100  100  85%
VR 20
(3) KE  mv   500  20  100000J100kJ 
1 2 1 2 L 3300
2 2 (2) (a) MA    20
E 165
(4) (a) v  u  at  0  10 1  10m/s MA 20
1 2 1 (b) Eff   100  100  80%
(b) KE  mv   3  10  150J
2
VR 25
2 2 [TRY]
(5) (a) PE  mgh  200 10  200  400000J400kJ  Since Efficiency  100%
KE = 0J M . A.
Efficiency   100  100
1 2 1 V .R.
(b) x  ut  at  0  2  10  2  20m
2
2 2 M . A.
1
PE  mgh  200 10  200  20  360000J360kJ  V .R.
KE = 400000 – 360000 = 40000J (40kJ) M . A.  V .R.
1 2 1
(c) x  ut  at  0  4  10  4  80m
2
2 2
PE  mgh  200 10  200  80  240000J240kJ  2. THERMAL PHYSICS
KE = 400000 – 240000 = 160000J (160kJ)
(d) PE = 0J 2.1. Kinetic theory P27
KE = 400000J (400kJ) [TRY]
(6) (a) W  mg  30 10  300N We feel cool because spirits can easily evaporate and when
L 300 molecules which have the largest K.E. are escaped, they
(b) MA    0.3
E 1000 get heat from our hand. (Because of cooling effect)
d 40
(c) VR  E  8
dL 5 2.2. Thermal properties
MA 0.3
(d) Eff   100   100
VR 8 2.3. Gas law P32
= 3.75% P1V1 80  1.5
(e) PE  mgh  30 10  5  1500J (1) P2    50 N/m 2
V2 2.4
(f) W  Fd  1000  40  40000J
(2) (a) TK  TC  273  47  273  320K
W 40000
(g) P    2000W (b) TK  TC  273  32  273  305K
t 20
d 600m (c) TK  TC  273  13  273  260K
(7) (a) s    10m/s
t 60s (d) TC  TK  273  323  273  50C
1 2 1
(b) KE  mv   60  10  3000J
2
(e) TC  TK  273  300  273  27C
2 2
 (f) TC  TK  273  272  273  1C sin12
(c) n   2.39
V1T2 4  400 sin 5
(3) V2    5.3m
3
sin 40
T1 300 (5) (a) n   1.33
sin 29
P1V1T2 120  5  273
(4) V2    6m
3
sin 20
 0.257   sin 0.257  14.9
1
T1 P2 300  91 (b) sin  
1.33
[TRY]
Because light travels much faster than sound then lightning
2.4. Transfer of thermal energy P35
reaches to you faster than thunder.
[TRY]
Since the nails are better conductors than cotton, they get
more heat from our finger as we touch. 4. ELECTRICITY

4.1. Static electricity P47

3. PROPERTIES OF WAVES (1) (a) Repel (b) Attract (c) －
(d) + or uncharge (e) Attract
3.1. General waves P37 (f) Attract
1 1 (2) (a) A is toward to B and B is toward to A.
(1) (a) T    0.1s (b) A is toward to B but B has no force.
f 10
(b) v  f  10  0.2  2m/s
number of waves 10 4.2. Electric circuit P51
(2) (a) f    10Hz (1) Q  It  25  6  150C
time 1
v 30 Q 16
(b)     3m (2) I    4A
f 10 t 4
number of waves 120 (3) (a) Q  It  5 16  80C
(3) f    2Hz E 120
time 60s (b) e.m. f .    1.5V
1 1 Q 80
T    0.5s
f 2 E E 690
(4) V     23V
6 Q It 3  10
(4) (a) 5 waves (b) 5m (c)    1.2m
5 V 150
(5) I    2.5A
number of waves 5 R 60
(d) f    2.5Hz
time 2 (6) V  IR  3.5  4  14V
v  f  2.5 1.2  3m/s V 3.6
(7) R    2Ω
I 1.8
(8) (a) 12+ 8 = 20Ω (b) V  IR  0.2 12  2.4V
3.2. Sound P39
(c) V  IR  0.2  8  1.6V (d) 2.4 + 1.6 = 4V
(1) v  f  1120  0.3  336m/s
1 1 1 1 1 1
20 2 x 2  85 (9) (a)       R  2Ω
(2) t   0.5s v    340m / s R R1 R2 6 3 2
50  10 t 0.5
V 1.5 V 1.5
[TRY] (b) I    0.5A (c) I    0.25A
When temperature is high, molecules can be active and R 3 R 6
they transmit the sound wave faster. (d) 0.5 + 0.25 = 0.75A
1 1 1 1 1 1
(10) (a)       R  6Ω
R R1 R2 9 18 6
3.3. Light P45
(1) (a) 40o (b) 60o (c) 15o V 18
(b) V  IR  3  6  18V (c) I    1A
(d) 50o (e) 5o R 18
(2) 4m V 18
(d) I    2A
(3) Mirror R 9
[TRY]
In parallel circuit, each electrical appliance can have the
same voltage and each can be disconnected by a switch for
I O each without cutting other lines. (In series circuit,
disconnecting one of the parts causes the disconnection of
whole circuit.)
sin 40 sin 34
(4) (a) n   1.21 (b) n   1.19
sin 32 sin 20
4.3. Practical electric circuit P54 VP N S 240  3500
(1) P  VI  12  5  60W (3) VS    100V
NP 8400
(2) (a) V  IR  2  4  8V , V  IR  2  6  12V
VS N P 230  15000
(b) P  VI  8  2  16W , P  VI  12  2  24W (4) (a) N S    13800turns
(3) 0.15kW  6hrs  K50  K45 VP 25
(4) 5  3kW 15hrs  K60  K7200 VP N S 230  6
(b) VS    12kV
P 1000 NP 115
(5) I    4.17A 5A fuse should be used.
V 240 VP I P 240  5
[TRY] (5) I S    10A
VS 120
(1) The bulbs are brighter in parallel than the series.
P 480
Suppose two bulbs have the same resistance of 1Ωand (6) (a) I    4A
e.m.f. is 1V. In parallel circuit, since each will have V 120
the same voltage; 1V, the power of each bulb is VI=1 V I 120  4
(b) I P  S S   2A
×1=1[W]. On the other hand, in series circuit, the VP 240
voltage across each bulb is 0.5V because the sum of VS N P 120  8500
the two voltages should be 1V. As a result, the current (c) N S    4250turns
VP 240
passing through two bulbs is V/R=0.5/1=0.5.
Therefore the power for each bulb is VI=0.5 ×
0.5=0.25[W]. As compared each power, the bulbs get 6. Introductory electronics
more power in parallel and become brighter.
(2) A 100W bulb is brighter in parallel. Because the
potential differences through the two bulbs are same 6.1. Electron
and so the 100W bulb get more power.
A 60W bulb is brighter in series. Because the
6.2. C.R.O. P63
resistance of the 60W bulb is grater than that of 100W
2 2 (1) 0.2×4 = 0.8V
one ( P  VI  V  R V ), and the current 1 1
R P (2) (a) 2×5 = 10ms (b) f    100Hz
through the two bulbs are same and so the 60W bulb T 10  10 3
get more power ( P  VI  RI 2 ).
7. ATOMIC PHYSICS
5. MAGNETISM
7.1. Nuclear atom P65
5.1. Simple phenomenon of magnetism P57 (1) (a) (i) 6 (ii) 14 – 6 = 8 (iii) 6
(1) (b) (i) 17 (ii) 35 – 17 = 18 (iii) 17
(c) (i) 1 (ii) 3 – 1 = 2 (iii) 1
N (d) (i) 84 (ii) 210 – 84 = 126 (iii) 84
(e) (i) 92 (ii) 238 – 92 = 146 (iii) 92
7 11
S (2) (a) 3Li (b) 5B

(2) 7.2. Radioactivity P67

(a) N (b) N t 15
 1 T 1 5
(1) (a) N  N 0    500     62.5g
2 2
t
(c) (d)  1 5
N N (b) 125  500     t  10 years
2
(3) Iron, because the iron is easy to magnetise and (2) (a) 15 days (b) 400×0.25 = 100g
(c) 400  25  16  2  4 15days  60days
4
demagnetise, and the magnetization is strong.
[TRY]
5.2. Electromagnetic effect P61 All of them have big atomic (proton) number. In other
(1) (a) downward (b) upward (c) downward words, all of them have a lot of protons in their nuclei,
(2) which make them unstable and active for emission of
(a) radiation.
(b) (c)
N N N