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JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO

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SIMPLIFIED COURSE PACK (SCP) FOR SELF-DIRECTED

LEARNING

General Physics 2

This Simplified Course Pack (SCP) is a draft version only and may not be used, published
or redistributed without the prior written consent of the Academic Council of SJPIICD.
Contents of this SCP is only intended for the consumption of the students who are
officially enrolled in the course/subject. Revision and modification process of this SCP are
expected.

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By 2023, a recognized professional institution providing quality,

Vision
economically accessible, and transformative education grounded on
the teachings of St. John Paul II.

Serve the nation by providing competent JPCean graduates through

quality teaching and learning, transparent governance, holistic
Mission
student services, and meaningful community-oriented researches,
guided by the ideals of St. John Paul II.

• Respect
• Hard Work
• Perseverance
Core Values
• Self-Sacrifice
• Compassion
• Family Attachment
 Inquisitive
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Graduate Attributes
 Innovative
 Inspiring
Course Code/Title SJPSTEM4/General Physics 2
General Physics 1 generally focuses on electricity and magnetism;
optics; the basics of special relativity, atomic and nuclear phenomena
Course Description
using the methods and concepts of algebra, geometry, trigonometry,
graphical analysis, and basic calculus
Course Requirement Simple Technology Presentation (STP)
Time Frame 80 Hours (40 Hours for 1st Quarter and 40 Hours for 2nd Quarter)
Grading System DepEd Grading System (Core Subjects)
Contact Details
Instructor Anthony E. Amores (09309848773)
SHS Principal Roxan Rubic-Remorosa, PhD (09463328135)

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Course Map
General Physics 1 & the World- Simplified Course Pack (SCP)

SCP-Topics: 3rd Quarter SCP- Topics: 4th Quarter

Week 1-2 Electric Charge, Coulomb’s Law, Electric Week 11-12 Magnetic Induction, Inductance, AC, and
Fields, and Electric Flux LC Circuits

Week 3 Electric Potential Week 13 Light as an Electromagnetic Wave

Week 4 Capacitance and Dielectrics Week 14-15 Geometric optics

Week 5 Current, Resistance, and Electromotive Week 16 Interference and diffraction

force

Week 6-7 Direct-Current Circuits Week 17-18 Relativity

Week 8-9 Force due to Magnetic Fields and Week 19 Atomic and Nuclear Phenomena
Sources of Magnetic Fields
Week 10 3rd Quarter Examination Week 20 4th Quarter Examination

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SCP-TOPICS: 1st Quarter

Week 1-2 Electric Charge, Coulomb’s Law, Electric Fields, and Electric Flux
1. Electric charge 2. Insulators and conductors 3. Induced charges 4. Coulomb’s Law
5. Electric forces and fields 6. Electric field calculations 7. Charges on conductors 8 .
Lesson Title
Electric flux and Gauss’s Law 9. Electric charge, dipoles, force, field, and flux
problems
1. Describe using a diagram charging by rubbing and charging by induction
2. Explain the role of electron transfer in electrostatic charging by rubbing
3. Describe experiments to show electrostatic charging by induction
4. State that there are positive and negative charges, and that charge is
measured in coulombs
5. Predict charge distributions, and the resulting attraction or repulsion, in a
system of charged insulators and conductors
6. Calculate the net electric force on a psc field as a region in which an
electric charge experiences a force
8. Draw electric field patterns due to systems with isolated point charges
9. Use in calculations the relationship between the electric field and the
Learning Outcome(s) electric force on a test charge
10. Calculate the electric field due to a system of point charges using
Coulomb’s law and the superposition principle
11. Predict the trajectory of a point charge in a uniform electric field
12. Calculate electric flux
13. Use Gauss’s law to infer electric field due to uniformly distributed
charges on long wires, spheres, and large plates
14. Solve problems involving electric charges, dipoles, forces, fields, and
flux in contexts such as, but not limited to, systems of point charges,
classical models of the atom, electrical breakdown of air, charged
pendulums, control of electron and proton beams, electrostatic ink-jet
printers
Time Frame 8:30 am – 10:00 am MT / 8:30- 9:30 W

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LEARNING INTENT!
Terms to Ponder

This section provides meaning and definition of the terminologies that are significant for better
understanding of the terms used throughout the simplified course pack of General Physics 2. Having
you intuitively understand words from their use in readings or in class is the best solution to learn
vocabulary. By learning and understanding these terms, you can become more adapt at properly using
the discipline specific vocabulary and through practice acquire a better understanding of the related
concepts.

Electric charge is a phenomenon we recognize as “static electricity” has been known since ancient
times. It was later found that there is a physical quantity known as electric charge that can be
transferred from one object to another.

Conductors are materials in which charges can move about freely; insulators are materials in
which electric charge is not easily transported.

Induced charges is an excess charges in a target object caused by induction from a charged object.

Coulomb’s Law is the magnitude F of the force that each of two point charges q1 and q2 a
distance r apart exerts on the other is directly proportional to the product of the charges (q1q2) and
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them (r 2 ). The relationship is expressed
symbolically as F = k |q1q2| 4πr2

Vector field a vector quantity associated with every point in a region of space, different at different
points. In general, each component of E~ , at any point, depends on all the coordinates of the point.

Electric flux is the rate of flow of the electric field through a given area. Electric flux is
proportional to the number of electric field lines going through a virtual surface. Electric Flux:
Electric flux visualized.

Gauss Law is the total electric flux through any closed surface is proportional to the total electric
charge inside the surface.

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Essential Content
Up to this point we have really only discussed the oldest way to give an object a charge.

● Rubbing two different materials together, a process known as charging by friction (AKA charging
by rubbing), is the simplest way to give something a charge.
○ This is what you do every time you drag your feet along a carpet so you can reach out and
zap someone's ear.
■ Your feet in socks and the carpet are doing charging by friction.

As mentioned by Takashima et al. (2018) since the two objects are made of different materials, their
atoms will hold onto their electrons with different strengths. As they pass over each other the
electrons with weaker bonds are “ripped” off one material and collect on the other material.

Charging a Two Sphere System Using a Negatively Charged Object.

https://www.eeweb.com/charging-by-contact-and-induction/

Role of Electron Transfer in Electrostatic Charging by Rubbing

As mentioned by Carter (2012) induction charging is a method used to charge an object without
touching the object to any other charged object.

You may be wondering how you could ever keep track of this, since the combinations of different
materials being rubbed on each other is infinite

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 Rather than try to keep track of all the combinations, we arrange common materials in a
chart called an “Electrostatic Series.”
 To use the electrostatic series, you first need to find the two different materials that are
being rubbed.
○ Whichever material is closer to the top is holding electrons tightly so it will have a
negative charge.
○ The material closer to the bottom has a greater chance of losing electrons, so it will be
positively charged.

Electrostatic Charging by Induction

It is possible to charge a conductor without touching it. You do have to follow some special
procedures.
● Most important is the use of a grounding wire.
○ A grounding wire is simply a conductor that connects the object to the ground.
○ Think of the earth as a huge reservoir of charge… it can both gain or donate electrons as
needed. Depending on what the situation is, either electrons will travel up the grounding wire to the
object being charged, or travel down to the ground.
Charging by induction is a more complex process than conduction, as the example below shows

http://www.studyphysics.ca/2007/30/06_forces_fields/08_charging.pdf

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The same sort of thing happens if you bring a positively charged object near to a grounded
object.
Positive and Negative Charges
● In that case, electrons would come up the grounding wire to be closer to the object. This would
leave the other object with a negative charge.
● Notice that when you charge by induction you get the opposite charge on the metal object.
There are two types of observed electric charge, which we designate as positive and negative. The
convention was derived from Benjamin Franklin’s experiments. He rubbed a glass rod with silk and
called the charges on the glass rod positive. He rubbed sealing wax with fur and called the charge
on the sealing wax negative. Like charges repel and opposite charges attract each other. The unit of
charge is called the Coulomb (C).
The smallest unit of “free” charge known in nature is the charge of an electron or proton, which has
a magnitude of e = 1.602 x10 ^−9 C
Charge of any ordinary matter is quantized in integral multiples of e. An electron carries one unit of
negative charge, −e , while a proton carries one unit of positive charge, +e . To add Cross (2016) in
a closed system, the total amount of charge is conserved since charge can neither be created nor
destroyed. A charge can, however, be transferred from one body to another.
Coulomb's Law
Consider a system of two point charges, q1 and q2, separated by a distance r in vacuum. The force
exerted by q1 on q2 is given by Coulomb's law: resulting to attraction and repulsion in a system.

where is the Coulomb constant, and r = r / r is a unit vector directed from to q1 to q2 as illustrated
in Figure 2.2.1

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is known as the “permittivity of free space.” Similarly, the force on q1 due to q2 is given by F 21 = -
F12, as illustrated above. This is consistent with Newton's third law.
Also, it results to attraction and repulsion in a system explained below.
Insulators, in contrast, are made from materials that lack conduction electrons; charge flows only
with great difficulty, if at all. Even if excess charge is added to an insulating material, it cannot
move, remaining indefinitely in place. This is why insulating materials exhibit the electrical
attraction and repulsion forces described earlier, whereas conductors do not; any excess charge
placed on a conductor would instantly flow away (due to mutual repulsion from existing charges),
leaving no excess charge around to create forces. Charge cannot flow along or through an insulator,
so its electric forces remain for long periods of time. (Charge will dissipate from an insulator, given
enough time.) As it happens, amber, fur, and most semi-precious gems are insulators, as are
materials like wood, glass, and plastic.

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A point charge of +3.00 × 10−6 C is 12.0 cm distant from a second point charge of −1.50 ×
10−6 C. Calculate the magnitude of the force on each charge.
Being of opposite signs, the two charges attract one another, and the magnitude of this force is
given by Coulomb’s law,
F = k |q1q2| / r 2
= (8.99 × 109 N·m2 /C2 ) (3.00 × 10−6 C)(1.50 × 10−6 C) / (12.0 × 10−2 m)2
= 2.81 N

Electric Field
The electrostatic force, like the gravitational force, is a force that acts at a distance, even when the
objects are not in contact with one another. To justify such the notion we rationalize action at a
distance by saying that one charge creates a field which in turn acts on the other charge (Cui et al.,
2016).
An electric charge q produces an electric field everywhere. To quantify the strength of the field
created by that charge, we can measure the force a positive “test charge” q0 experiences at some
point. The electric field E is defined as:

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Electric field Patterns is an idea introduced to describe electric forces. In the TV lecture the
dome of a charged Van de Graaff generator attracts charged droplets of water. This situation can be
described by saying that the charge on the dome of the generator sets up an intense electric field,
and the charged drops ‘feel’ a force when they are in the space occupied by that field. A field is
something that is defined at all points in a region of space.
A familiar example is the gravitational field of the earth, which is often called the acceleration due
to gravity (g). Another example is the velocity of water in a river which has different magnitudes
and directions at different places. Examples to be considered in this unit are electric field,
electrostatic potential and magnetic field. An electric field is said to exist at a point in space if a
charged particle placed at that point experiences a force that would not be felt by an uncharged
particle. We have already seen that a possible explanation for such a force could be the presence of
another charged body - but that is not the only thing that can create an electric field. Instead of
describing the interaction of charged particles directly in terms of forces it is more fruitful to use a
new kind of description involving electric fields. The two descriptions are visualised and compared
in figure 1.1.

The value of an electric field E can be defined in terms of the force F experienced by a particle with
a small charge q: q: F = qE . ... Both F and E are vector quantities - they have both magnitude and
direction.* In this definition the magnitude of the force is equal to qE and the direction of the field
is equal to the direction of the force on a positively charged particle. The force on a negative
particle is opposite to the field direction. We say that an electric field is uniform when neither its
magnitude nor its direction changes from one point to another. The SI unit of electric field is called
the volt per metre (symbol V.m-1) which is equivalent to a newton per coulomb (N.C-1).
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An electric field is said to exist at a point in space if a charged particle placed at that point
experiences a force that would not be felt by an uncharged particle (Gerdes, 2015). We have already
seen that a possible explanation for such a force could be the presence of another charged body - but
that is not the only thing that can create an electric field. Instead of describing the interaction of
charged particles directly in terms of forces it is more fruitful to use a new kind of description
involving electric fields.
The electric field that exists at a point is the electrostatic force experienced by a small test
charge placed at that point divided by the charge itself: E = F/q0
SI Units of Electric Field: newton per coulomb (N/C)
A Test Charge
The positive test charge has a magnitude of 3.0x10^-8C and experiences a force of 6.0x10^-8N.
(a) Find the force per coulomb that the test charge experiences.
(b) Predict the force that a charge of +12x10-8C would experience if it replaced the test
charge
Ans.
a. F/q0 = 6.0 x 10 ^-8N / 3.0 x 10^-8 C = 2.0 N/C
b. F = (2.0 N/C) ( 12.0 x 10 ^ -8 C) = 24 x 10 ^-8 N
Note: Normally a positive test charge is used in defining the electric field so that the force on a
positive charge in a given electric field points in the direction of the electric field

Superposition
The electric force, like all forces, is a vector. Hence, a charge experiences forces due to two or more
charges is the vector sum of all the forces. For examples, in Fig. 19-8, the total force on charge 1 is
the vector sum of the forces due to charges 2, 3 ,4 S
For examples, in Fig. 19-8, the total force on charge 1 is the vector sum of the forces due to charges
2, 3 ,4

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Net Force
For three charges, given q= +12 uC and d= 16 cm.
(a) Find the direction and magnitude of the net electrostatic force exerted on the point charge q2 in the
following figure.
(b) How will your answer change if the distance d were tripled?

Solution:
(a) Write Coulomb’s law using vector notation:

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b.) If the distance d were tripled, the magnitude would be cut to a ninth and the direction would
be unchanged.

Example
(a) Find the direction and magnitude of the net force exerted on the point charge q3 in
the figure. Let q= +2.4 uC and d= 33cm.
(b) How would your answer change if the distance d were double?

Solution:

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Charge Moving Perpendicularly to an Electric Field

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An electron is injected horizontally into a uniform field produced by two oppositely charged plates, as shown in
Figure 2.13.1. The particle has an initial velocity v0 = v0i perpendicular to E .

Since the electron has a negative charge, q = −e , the force on the electron is
Fe = qE = -eE = (-e)(-Ey) j = eEyj
where the electric field is written as ˆ E = −E y j, with Ey > 0. The force on the electron is upward. Note that the
motion of the electron is analogous to the motion of a mass that is thrown horizontally in a constant
gravitational field.
The mass follows a parabolic trajectory downward. Since the electron is negatively charged, the constant force
on the electron is upward and the electron will be deflected upwards on a parabolic path (Ewing et al., 2017).
Let’s quantify previous discussion about fieldline “counting”
Define: Electric flux ΦΕ through the closed surface S
Definition of Electric Flux, Φ
Φ = EAcos θ
SI unit: N. M^2/C Where,
E is (uniform) electric field.
A is the area. θ is the angle between E and the normal of the area A.
Further, Electric flux is the measure of the ―number of field lines passing through a surface S
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The sign of the Flux is defined as

1) The flux is positive for field lines that leave the enclosed volume of the surface.
2) The flux is negative for field lines that enter the enclosed volume of the surface.
Example (Plane Surface Flux)
A uniform electric field of magnitude 25,000 N/C makes an angle of 27° with a plane surface of area 0.0133m.
What is the electric flux through this surface?

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Solution: Φ = EA cos θ
= 25,000 X 0.0 133 cos(90 degree - 27 degree)
= 1.51 x 10^2 N.M^2/C
Gauss’s Law
If a charge q is enclosed by an arbitrary surface, the electric flux, Φ, is
Φ = q / ε0
Where ε0 = 1 / 4π k = 8.85 x 10^-12 C / Nm^2 is the permittivity of free space
Note: Gauss’s law holds true for any arbitrary surface.
Deriving Gauss’s Law

1. For a positive point source charge q, the surface of a sphere has a constant magnitude E = k q/r^2
2. Since the electric field is perpendicular to the spherical surface, the flux is simple the E times the area A

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The Faraday‘s experiment leads to generalized statement known as Gauss Law which also known for relationship
between Electric Flux and charges.
“The Electric flux passing through any closed surface (known as Gaussian surface) is equal to total charge enclosed by
the surface (Bures & Siegl, 2015).”
Gauss’s law is very helpful in determining expressions for the electric field, even though the law is not
directly about the electric field; it is about the electric flux. It turns out that in situations that have certain
symmetries (spherical, cylindrical, or planar) in the charge distribution, we can deduce the electric field
based on knowledge of the electric flux. In these systems, we can find a Gaussian surface S over which the

electric field has constant magnitude. Furthermore, if is parallel to everywhere on the surface, then

(If and are antiparallel everywhere on the surface, then ) Gauss’s law then
simplifies to

Where A is the area of the surface. Note that these symmetries lead to the transformation of the flux integral
into a product of the magnitude of the electric field and an appropriate area. When you use this flux in the
expression for Gauss’s law, you obtain an algebraic equation that you can solve for the magnitude of the
electric field, which looks like

Basically, there are only three types of symmetry that allow Gauss’s law to be used to deduce the
electric field. They are
A charge distribution with spherical symmetry for spheres,

A charge distribution with cylindrical symmetry for long wire, and

A charge distribution with planar symmetry for large plates.

A charge distribution has spherical symmetry if the density of charge depends only on the distance from a
point in space and not on the direction. In other words, if you rotate the system, it doesn’t look different. For
instance, if a sphere of radius R is uniformly charged with charge density then the distribution has spherical
symmetry.
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The spherical symmetry occurs only when the charge density does not depend on the direction. In (a), charges
are distributed uniformly in a sphere. In (b), the upper half of the sphere has a different charge density from the
lower half; therefore, (b) does not have spherical symmetry. In (c), the charges are in spherical shells of
different charge densities, which means that charge density is only a function of the radial distance from the
center; therefore, the system has spherical symmetry.
Spherical symmetry with non-uniform charge distribution. In this type of problem, we need four radii: R is the
radius of the charge distribution, r is the radius of the Gaussian surface, is the inner radius of the spherical
shell, and is the outer radius of the spherical shell. The spherical shell is used to calculate the
charge enclosed within the Gaussian surface. The range for is from 0 to r for the field at a point inside the
charge distribution and from 0 to R for the field at a point outside the charge distribution. If , then the
Gaussian surface encloses more volume than the charge distribution, but the additional volume does not
contribute to .
To determine whether a given charge distribution has cylindrical symmetry, look at the cross-section of an
“infinitely long” cylinder. If the charge density does not depend on the polar angle of the cross-section or along
the axis, then you have cylindrical symmetry (Jørgensen, 2015). (a) Charge density is constant in the cylinder;
(b) upper half of the cylinder has a different charge density from the lower half; (c) left half of the cylinder has a
different charge density from the right half; (d) charges are constant in different cylindrical rings, but the density
does not depend on the polar angle. Cases (a) and (d) have cylindrical symmetry, whereas (b) and (c) do not.

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The electric field in a cylindrically symmetrical situation depends only on the distance from the axis. The
direction of the electric field is pointed away from the axis for positive charges and toward the axis for negative
charges.

The Gaussian surface in the case of cylindrical symmetry. The electric field at a patch is either parallel or
perpendicular to the normal to the patch of the Gaussian surface.
The electric field is perpendicular to the cylindrical side and parallel to the planar end caps of the surface.
The flux through the cylindrical part is

whereas the flux through the end caps is zero because there. Thus, the flux is

A planar symmetry of charge density is obtained when charges are uniformly spread over a large flat surface.
In planar symmetry, all points in a plane parallel to the plane of charge are identical with respect to the
charges.

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A thin charged sheet and the Gaussian box for finding the electric field at the field point P. The normal to each
face of the box is from inside the box to outside. On two faces of the box, the electric fields are parallel to the
area vectors, and on the other four faces, the electric fields are perpendicular to the area vectors.

If the charge on the plane is positive, then the direction of the electric field and the area vectors are.
Therefore, we find for the flux of electric field through the box

where the zeros are for the flux through the other sides of the box. Note that if the charge on the plane is
negative, the directions of electric field and area vectors for planes I and II are opposite to each other, and

we get a negative sign for the flux. According to Gauss’s law, the flux must equal . We see that
the charges inside the volume enclosed by the Gaussian box reside on an area A of the xy-plane. Hence,

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Example problems involving electric charges, dipole, forces, fields, and flux in contexts such as, but not
limited to, systems of point charges, classical models of the atom, electrical breakdown of air, charges
pendulums, control of electron and proton beams, electrostatic ink-jets printer.

1. In a classical model of a hydrogen atom, we have a proton at the center of the atom and an electron
traveling in a circular orbit around the proton. If the radius of the electron’s orbit is r = .5 × 10–^10 meters,
how long does it take the electron to go around the proton once?

Solution: This problem is more conveniently handled in CGS units, but there is nothing wrong with using MKS units. The
charge on the proton is (+e), on the electron (–e), thus the electrical force is attractive and has a magnitude
Fe = (e)(e) / 4πε0r^2 = e2 / 4πε0r^2
With e = 1.6 × 10–19 coulombs and r = .5 × 10–10m we get
Fe = (1.6 × 10^–19 ) ^2 / 4π × (9 × 10^–12) × (.5 × 10^–10)^ 2
= 9 × 10 ^ –8 newtons
Since the electron is in a circular orbit, its acceleration is v2/r pointing toward the center of the circle, and we get
Example 2. Calculate the magnitude of electric force between an electron and a proton at a distance of r= 5.29
x 10 -11 m.

Example 3. The attraction electrostatic force between the point charges +8.44c10^-6 C and Q has a magnitude
of 0.975 N when the separation between the charges is 1.31 m. Find the sign and magnitude of the charge Q.

Example 4. In the Borh’s Hydrogen model, the electron is imagined to move in a circular orbit about a
stationary proton. The force responsible for the electron circular motion is the electric force between the
electron and the proton. Given that the radius of the electron’s orbit is 5.29x10^-11m, and its mass is
me=9.11x10^-31km. Find the electron’s speed.
Example 5. Net Force For three charges, given q= +12 uC and d= 16 cm. (a) Find the direction and magnitude
of the net electrostatic force exerted on the point charge q2 in the following figure. (b) How will your answer
change if the distance d were tripled?
Note: 1 uC=10-6 C
 (b) If the distance d were tripled, the magnitude would be cut to a ninth and the direction would be
unchanged.
 SELF-SUPPORT: You can click the URL Search Indicator below to help you further understand the lessons.

Search Indicator
https://www.eeweb.com/charging-by-contact-and-induction/
https://www.asc.ohio-state.edu/humanic.1/p112_lecture2.pdf
http://astro1.panet.utoledo.edu/~vkarpov/L02S.ch22.pdf
https://www2.tntech.edu/leap/murdock/books/v4chap2.pdf
https://www.csun.edu/~rd436460/100B/lectures/chapter19-1-3.pdf
http://homepages.se.edu/kfrinkle/files/2013/10/main17_130115_v2.pdf
http://web.mit.edu/8.02t/www/802TEAL3D/visualizations/coursenotes/modules/guide02.pdf
https://www2.tntech.edu/leap/murdock/books/v4chap1.pdf
http://www.sfu.ca/phys/141/1134/Lectures/SP%20Lecture%2001%20-%20Coulomb's%20Law.pdf
http://www.csun.edu/~rd436460/100B/lectures/chapter19-6-7.pdf
Bureš, M., & Siegl, P. (2015). Hydrogen atom in space with a compactified extra dimension and potential
defined by Gauss’ law. Annals of physics, 354, 316-327.

Carter, A. (2012). Changing by contact and induction. EEWEB

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 At SJPIICD, I Matter!
LET’S INITIATE!
Activity 1. Let us try to gauge your comprehension of the topics. Write your answers on the space provided below
after each question.

1. Explain the role of electron transfer in electrostatic charging by rubbing.

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2. State that there are positive and negative charges, and that charge is measured in coulombs.
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3. What is the relationship of electric field from electric force on a test charge?
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 I
LET’S NQUIRE!
Activity 1. Solve the following problems involving the electric charges, dipoles, forces, fields, and flux in context such
as, but not limited to, systems of point charges, classical models of the atom, electrical breakdown of air and control
of electron and proton beams.

1. Two charged spheres 10 cm apart attract each other with a force of 3.0 x 10 6 N. What force results from each of
the following changes, considered separately?

a) Both charges are doubled and the distance remains the same.

b) An uncharged, identical sphere is touched to one of the spheres, and then taken far away.

c) The separation is increased to 30 cm.

2. Two identical, small spheres of mass 2.0 g are fastened to the ends of a 0.60m long light, flexible, insulating
fishing line. The fishing line is suspended by a hook in the ceiling at its exact centre. The spheres are each given an
identical electric charge. They are in static equilibrium, with an angle of 30 between the string halves, as shown.
Calculate the magnitude of the charge on each sphere. (Hint: start off by drawing a FULL, DETAILED FBD of one of
the charged spheres).
3. Delicate measurements indicate that the Earth has an electric field surrounding it, similar to that around a
positively charged sphere. Its magnitude at the surface of the Earth is about 100 N/C. What charge would an oil drop
of mass 2.0 x 10 15 kg have to have, in order to remain suspended by the Earth’s electric field? Give your answer in
Coulombs ?

4. Compute the gravitational force and the electric force between the electron and the proton in the hydrogen atom if
they are 5.3 x 10-11 meters apart. Then calculate the ratio of Fe to Fg.

5. Using the same orbital distance from problem #4 above, find the orbital speed and the centripetal acceleration (in
g’s) of an electron orbiting the nucleus of a hydrogen atom (assuming the orbit to be circular).
LET’S INFER!
Activity 1. Explain the illustration presented below about the three types of symmetry that allow Gauss’s law to be
used to deduce the electric field and its connection to the coulomb’s law.

A charge distribution with spherical symmetry for spheres,

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 A charge distribution with cylindrical symmetry for long wire, and

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A charge distribution with planar symmetry for large plates.

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