UNIT 5: NATURAL WONDERS OF THE WORLD

A. LÝ THUYẾT:
I. COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES OF SHORT ADJECTIVES
(DẠNG SO SÁNH HƠN VÀ SO SÁNH HƠN NHẤT CỦA TÍNH TỪ NGẮN)
1. Nếu tính từ một âm tiết kết thúc bằng “E”, chỉ cần thêm “R” vào đằng sau tính từ để tạo thành dạng so sánh hơn
và “ST” vào đằng sau tính từ để tạo thành dạng so sánh nhất.
Adjective Comparative Superlative
Large Larger Largest
Wide Wider Widest
Nice Nicer Nicest
2. Nếu tính từ một âm tiết kết thúc bằng một phụ âm và có một nguyên âm đứng trước phụ âm đó thì nhân đôi phụ
âm cuối, rồi thêm đuôi “ER” (so sánh hơn) hoặc “EST” (so sánh nhất).
Adjective Comparative Superlative
Big Bigger Biggest
Thin Thinner Thinnest
Fat Fatter Fattest
3. Các tính từ thông thường thì ta chỉ cần thêm “ er” hoặc “ est” vào đằng sau của tính từ.
Adjective Comparative Superlative
Tall Taller Tallest
Long Longer Longest
Short Shorter Shortest
4. Trường hợp tính từ bất quy tắc.
Adjective Comparative Superlative
Good Better Best
Bad Worse Worst
Far Farther/ Further Farthest/ Furthest
Little Less Least

II. MODAL VERB: MUST

Modal verbs là nhóm động từ rất quen thuộc với mọi người học tiếng Anh. Bài học ngày hôm nay chúng ta sẽ làm
quen với động từ khuyết thiếu “ Must “.
MUST là một động từ khuyết thiếu và chỉ có hình thức hiện tại.
1. Cấu trúc:
Dạng khẳng định : S + Must + V-infinitive.
Dạng phủ định : S + Mustn’t + V-infinitive.
Dạng phủ định : Must + S + V-infinitive?
2. Cách dùng:
a. MUST có nghĩa là “phải” diễn tả một mệnh lệnh hay một sự bắt buộc.
Ví dụ:
You must drive on the left in London. (Ở Luân Dôn bạn phải lái xe bên tay trái .)
b. MUST bao hàm một kết luận đương nhiên, một cách giải thích duy nhất hợp lý theo ý nghĩ của người nói.
Ví dụ:
You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. (Bạn đã làm việc cả ngày. Bạn phải rất mệt.)
c. MUST NOT (MUSTN’T) diễn tả một lệnh cấm.
Ví dụ:
You mustn’t walk on the grass. (Bạn không được giẫm lên cỏ.)
d. Khi muốn diễn tả thể phủ định của MUST với ý nghĩa “không cần thiết” người ta sử dụng NEED NOT
(NEEDN’T).
Ví dụ:
Must I do it now? – No, you needn’t. (Tôi có phải làm nó ngay không. Không, bạn không cần.)

B. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG:

Exercise 1. Complete the table with the comparatives and superlatives.
Adjective Comparative Superlative
irregular adjective good best
irregular adjective bad worse
short adjective tall tallest
short adjective long longer longest
short adjective wide wider
short adjective large largest
short adjective hot hotter

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences with the comparatives and superlatives.

1. Ho Chi Minh City is (big) __________________ city in Viet Nam.
2. Lan is (thin) __________________ of the three sisters.
3. The Amazon River is (long)__________________river in the world.
4. Hanh is (clever)__________________ student in class.
5. It’s (short)__________________day of year.
6. Who’s (good) __________________ tennis player in your country?
7. Who is (tall) __________________ person in your family?
8. December is (cold) __________________ month of the year in my country.
9. John is (happy) __________________ boy that I know.
10. Where are (nice) __________________ beaches in your country?
Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with the comparatives and superlatives.
1. The Great Wall of China is the world’s (long) __________________ structure.
2. The Me Kong River is (long) __________________ than the Red River.
3. Mexico City is (big) __________________ than Tokyo.
4. Ho Chi Minh City is the (big) __________________ city in Viet Nam.
5. China has the (big) __________________ population in the world.
6. The Nile River is the (long) __________________ river in the world.
7. Fansipan is the (high) __________________ mountain in Viet Nam.
8. Buri Khalifa in Dubai is the world’s (tall) __________________ building.
9. Russia is the (big) __________________ country in the world.
10. Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur is (tall) __________________ than Sears Tower in Chicago.
11. It’s the (hot) __________________ desert in the world.
12. The Mekong is the (long) __________________ river in Viet Nam.
13. Vatican is the (small) __________________ country in Viet Nam.
14. Ho Chi Minh City is the (large) __________________ city in Viet Nam.
15. The boat trip was the (good) __________________ experience of my life.
16. Bangladesh is the (wet) __________________ of the three countries: Viet Nam, England and Bangladesh.
17. The Sahara is the world’s (hot) __________________ desert.
18. Loch Lomond in Scotland is the (large) __________________ fresh water lake in Great Britain.
19. Lake Erie is (small) __________________ than Lake Huron.
20. Mount Everest is 8,848 metres (high) __________________ .

Exercise 4. Give the correct form of superlative.

1. This is a TALL building.
→ This is the building in London.
2. That was an EASY exercise.
→ That was the exercise of the test.
3. This is a COMFORTABLE armchair.
→ This is the armchair in this shop.
4. This is a BIG cheese burger.
→ This is the cheese burger of the McDonald’s Company.
5. That was a very BAD conversation.
→ That was the conversation I have had.
6. That was a DIFFICULT exercise.
→ That was the exercise of the test.
7. He’s got a GOOD pen.
→ He’s got the pen of the class.
8. This is an INDIFFERENT pupil.
→ This is the pupil of my class.
9. He is a FUNNY boy.
→ He is the boy in the world.
10. He is LESS young than the others.
→ He is the young student of my class.

Exercise 5. Give the correct form of comparison.

0. He is (intelligent) student I have ever met.
→ He is the most intelligent student I have ever met.
1. It’s (difficult) decision I’ve ever made in years.
 .....................................................................................................................................................
2. Mr. Bush is (delightful) person I have ever known.
 .....................................................................................................................................................
3. Dick is (careful) of the three workers.
 .....................................................................................................................................................
4. Peter is (tall) student in my class.
 .....................................................................................................................................................
5. What’s (good) film you have ever seen?
 .....................................................................................................................................................
6. She is (old) child in the family.
 .....................................................................................................................................................
7. He is (intelligent) student in my class.
 .....................................................................................................................................................
8. Of the two sisters, Linda is (beautiful).
 .....................................................................................................................................................
9. It is (interesting) book I have ever read.
 .....................................................................................................................................................
10. This is (big) house I have ever seen.
 .....................................................................................................................................................

Exercise 6. Complete the sentences below using the correct form of adjectives.
1. A new house is an old one. (expensive)
2. Motorbikes are bicycles. (fast)
3. My television is his television. (modern)
4. Summer is Spring. (hot)
5. Jane is her sister. (beautiful)
6. Skirts are dresses. (cheap)
7. Her English is my English. (good)
8. A bicycle is often a car in busy cities. (convenient)
9. Jenny is _______________________ in her class. (creative)
10. My father is _______________________ in my family. (handsome)

Exercise 7. Complete the sentences below using the superlative form of adjectives.
1. Nile River is river in the world. (long)
2. This book is of these books. (interesting)
3. Ho Chi Minh City is city in Viet Nam. (big)
4. They are students in my class. (good)
5. These houses are in the village. (beautiful)
6. Winter is season in the year. (cold)
7. Airplane is means of transport. (fast)
8. He is person in the meeting. (important)
9. These toys are ______________________ in the toy store. (expensive)
10. Nam is _________________ student in his class. (young)

Exercise 8. Put the word "must" or "mustn't" in each blank.

1. You _________________ tidy up room.
2. It’s late. You _________________ make so much noisy.
3. You _________________ smoke.
4. We _________________ be home by 9 o’clock. The film starts at 9:15.
5. You _________________ do your homework.
6. I _________________ finish this essay today. It has to be handed in by tomorrow.
7. Passengers _________________ talk to the driver whist the bus is in motion.
8. You _________________ play with fire.
9. This is a dangerous tour. Children _________________ be accompanied by an adult.
10. You _________________ be home on time.
11. People _________________ stand on this bus.
12. You _________________ cheat in a test.
13. We _________________ do more exercise to stay fit.
14. You _________________ turn the music too loud.
15. There _________________ be something wrong with the engine of this car.
16. You _________________ help in the house.
17. We _________________ give up when we are so close.
18. You _________________ annoy your little sister.
19. This was a nice evening. We _________________ meet again.
20. You _________________ bite nails.

C. BÀI TẬP NÂNG CAO:

Exercise 1. Complete the following sentences by rearranging the words given.
1. /all /Tom's /the /of/is/cleanest/room
………………………………………………………………………………………
2. /Sienkiewicz / writers/, /is /the /Polish /greastest /one. /Of/all
………………………………………………………………………………………
3. /one /of /is /the /in /world. /Egypt/oldest /countries/the
………………………………………………………………………………………
4. /world, /second /is /the /the /Canada/country/in/largest
………………………………………………………………………………………
5. /worst /was /us. /time /for /Winter/the
………………………………………………………………………………………
6. /ugliest /know /is /town /I. /It /the
………………………………………………………………………………………
7./country /road /is /widest /in /the. /This/the
………………………………………………………………………………………
8. /is /the / world? /What/animal/smallest in /the
………………………………………………………………………………………
9. the largest / and/ What /animal /is biggest on the earth? /biggest
………………………………………………………………………………………
10. /worst /am /student. /I/in/the /class
………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 2. Choose the best answer.

1. Mexico is very …………… city
A. large B. larger than C. the largest
2. I usually get up …………… my brother.
A. Early B. ealier than C. the earliest
3. Sue's wearing a……………
A. New B. newer than C. the newest
4. A book is a …………… thing to carry when you go on a trip.
A. heavy B. heavier than C. the heaviest
5. Antarctica is …………… Spain
A. cold B. colder than C. the coldest
6. Her eyes are …………… mine.
A. Pretty B. prettier than C. the prettiest
7. My desk is ………….. David's.
A. Tidy B. tidier than C. the tidiest
8. A lot of people drink ………………….. milk.
A. Hot B. hotter than C. the hottest
9. A continent is ………………… a country.
A. Big B. bigger than C. the biggest
10. The moon is ……………. planet to earth.
A. The closest B. closest C. closer than

Exercise 3. Choose the best answer by underlining the correct word.

1. There are 10 houses on our street. Our house is the (biggest/ bigger) one.
2. My brother sings better than I do, but I play guitar (the best/ better) than he does.
3. This is (better/ the best) song I have ever heard!
4. Tom is (stronger/ the strongest) than I am.
5. Out of all the students in our class, I am (the shortest/ shorter)
6. Everyone says that my sister is (the best looking/ better looking) than I am.
7. She is (the best looking/ better looking) girl in our school.
8. Your apartment is (cleaner/ the cleanest) than mine.
9. The weather was much (warmer/ the warmest) in England than in Spain last week.
10. John is (younger/ the youngest) than David.

Exercise 4. Put the word "mustn’t" or "needn’t" in each blank to complete the sentences.
1. I …………… take the umbrella. It won't rain.
2. I…………… cross this bridge. It's closed.
3. We……………be late. The train will leave in 10 minutes.
4. You …………… hurry. We have plenty of time
5. You …………… smoke in here. It's forbidden. Look at that sign.
6. We have enough diesel, so we…………… stop here.
7. You ……………come if you don't want to.
8. They ……………do the washing up, they have a dishwasher
9. You …………… show this e-mail to anyone else. I’ll trust you
10. The students…………… forget their homework.

ANSWER KEY
B. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG:
Exercise 1. Complete the table with the comparatives and superlatives.
Adjective Comparative Superlative
irregular adjective good better best
irregular adjective bad worse worst
short adjective tall taller tallest
short adjective long longer longest
short adjective wide wider widest
short adjective large larger largest
short adjective hot hotter hottest

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences with the comparatives and superlatives.

1. the biggest
2. the thinnest
3. the longest
4. the cleverest
5. the shortest
6. the best
7. the tallest
8. the coldest
9. the happiest
10. the nicest

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with the comparatives and superlatives.

1. longest
2. longer
3. bigger
4. biggest
5. biggest
6. longest
7. highest
8. tallest
9. biggest
10. taller
11. hottest
12. longest
13. smallest
14. largest
15. best
16. wettest
17. hottest
18. largest
19. smaller
20. high

Exercise 4. Give the correct form of superlative.

1. tallest
2. easiest
3. most comfortable
4. biggest
5. worst
6. most difficult
7. best
8. most different
9. funniest
10. least

Exercise 5. Give the correct form of comparison.

1. It’s the most difficult decision I’ve ever made in years.
2. Mr. Bush is the most delightful person I have ever known.
3. Dick is the most careful of the three workers.
4. Peter is the tallest student in my class.
5. What’s the best film you have ever seen?
6. She is the oldest child in the family.
7. He is the most intelligent student in my class.
8. Of the two sisters, Linda is the more beautiful.
9. It is the most interesting book I have ever read.
10. This is the biggest house I have ever seen.

Exercise 6. Complete the sentences below using the correct form of adjectives.
1. more expensive than
2. faster than
3. more modern than
4. hotter than
5. more beautiful than
6. cheaper than
7. better than
8. more convenient than
9. the most creative
10. the most handsome

Exercise 7. Complete the sentences below using the superlative form of adjectives.
1. the longest
2. the most interesting
3. the biggest
4. the best
5. the most beautiful
6. the coldest
7. the fastest
8. the most important
9. the most expensive
10. the youngest

Exercise 8. Put the word "must" or "mustn't" in each blank.

1. must
2. mustn't
3. mustn't
4. must
5. must
6. must
7. must
8. mustn't
9. must
10. must
11. mustn't
12. mustn't
13. must
14. mustn't
15. mustn't
16. must
17. mustn't
18. mustn't
19. must
20. mustn't

C. BÀI TẬP NÂNG CAO:

Exercise 1. Complete the following sentences by rearranging the words given.
1. Tom’s room is the cleanest of all.
2. Sienkiewicz is one of the all greatest Polish writers.
3. Egypt is one of the oldest countries in the world.
4. Canada is the second largest country in the world.
5. Winter is the worst time for us.
6. It is the ugliest town I know.
7. This is the widest road in the country.
8. What is the smallest animal in the world?
9. What is the largest and biggest animal on the earth?
10. I am the worst student in the class.

Exercise 2. Choose the best answer.

1. C. the largest
2. B. ealier than
3. A. new
4. A. heavy
5. B. colder than
6. B. prettier than
7. B. tidier than
8. A. Hot
9. B. bigger than
10. A. the closest

Exercise 3. Choose the best answer by underlining the correct word.

1. biggest
2. better
3. the best
4. stronger
5. the shortest
6. better looking
7. the best looking
8. cleaner
9. warmer
10. younger

Exercise 4. Put the word "mustn’t" or "needn’t" in each blank to complete the sentences.
1. needn’t
2. mustn’t
3. mustn’t
4. needn’t
5. mustn’t
6. mustn’t
7. mustn’t
8. needn’t
9. mustn’t
10. mustn’t