SIMPLIFIED SELF-LEARNING MODULE IN MATHEMATICS 9

Quarter 4/ Module 2

NAME: ______________________________ GRADE and SECTION: ______________

SCHOOL: _____________________________ LRN :_______________________________
SUBJECT TEACHER: __________________________________

I. Objective:
At the end of this module, the students are expected to find the trigonometric ratios of special
angles. (M9GE-IV-b-c-1)
II. Subject Matter: Trigonometric Ratios of Special Triangle
III. Learning Resources:
• Mathematics Learner’s Module 9 pp. 447 – 452

IV. Procedure/ Learning Activities:

This Self-Learning Module is specially written to give you simplified and comprehensive discussion
about Trigonometric Ratios and Special Angles.

A. Review/Activating Prior Knowledge

Find the Trigonometric Ratios of the following triangles. (Write your answer in simplest form.)

60°
5√2 4
5 2
45° 30°
5 2√3

Sine Cosine Tangent Cotangent Secant cosecant

30°
45°
60°

Discussion

𝟒𝟓° − 𝟒𝟓° − 𝟗𝟎° Right Triangle Theorem

In 45° − 45° − 90° triangle,
• the legs are congruent;
• the length of the hypotenuse is √2 times the length of the leg.
(Hypotenuse = √2 times leg)

Example 1: Find the trigonometric ratios of the given triangle.

Hypotenuse = √2 leg
45° ? 45° 8√2
Hypotenuse = 8√2
8 8
45° 45°
The legs are
? 8
congruent.

Trigonometric Ratio
Sine 45° 𝑜𝑝𝑝 8 √𝟐 Cotangent 45° 𝑎𝑑𝑗 8
= = = =𝟏
ℎ𝑦𝑝 8√2 𝟐 𝑜𝑝𝑝 8
Cosine 45° 𝑎𝑑𝑗 8 √𝟐 Secant 45° ℎ𝑦𝑝 8√2
= = = = √𝟐
ℎ𝑦𝑝 8√2 𝟐 𝑎𝑑𝑗 8
Tangent 45° 𝑜𝑝𝑝 8 Cosecant 45° ℎ𝑦𝑝 8√2
= =𝟏 = = √𝟐
𝑎𝑑𝑗 8 𝑜𝑝𝑝 8

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 Example 2: Find the trigonometric ratios of the given triangle.

𝐻𝑦𝑝 = √2 𝑙𝑒𝑔
45° 10 45°
10 = √2 𝑙𝑒𝑔 10
? 10 5√2
𝑙𝑒𝑔 =
45° √2 45°
𝑙𝑒𝑔 = 5√2 Legs are
? 5√2 congruent.

Trigonometric Ratio
Sine 45° 𝑜𝑝𝑝 5√2 √𝟐 Cotangent 45° 𝑎𝑑𝑗 5√2
= = = =𝟏
ℎ𝑦𝑝 10 𝟐 𝑜𝑝𝑝 5√2
Cosine 45° 𝑎𝑑𝑗 5√2 √𝟐 Secant 45° ℎ𝑦𝑝 10
= = = = √𝟐
ℎ𝑦𝑝 10 𝟐 𝑎𝑑𝑗 5√2
Tangent 45° 𝑜𝑝𝑝 5√2 Cosecant 45° ℎ𝑦𝑝 10
= =𝟏 = = √𝟐
𝑎𝑑𝑗 5√2 𝑜𝑝𝑝 5√2
𝟑𝟎° − 𝟔𝟎° − 𝟗𝟎° Right Triangle Theorem
In 30° − 60° − 90° triangle,
• the length of the hypotenuse is twice the length of the shorter leg;
(Hypotenuse = 2 times leg)
• the length of the longer leg is √3 times the length of the shorter leg.
(Longer Leg = √3 times Shorter Leg)
Example1: Find the trigonometric ratios of the given right triangle.

Hypotenuse = 2 𝑙𝑒𝑔
? 60° 20 = 2ሺ10ሻ = 20
60°
10 10
30° 30°

? Longer Leg = 10√3

√3ሺ10ሻ = 10√3

Trigonometric Ratio
30° 60° 30° 60°
Sin 𝑜𝑝𝑝 10 𝟏 𝑜𝑝𝑝 10√3 √𝟑 Cot 𝑜𝑑𝑗 10√3 𝑜𝑑𝑗 10 √𝟑
= = = = = = √𝟑 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 20 𝟐 ℎ𝑦𝑝 20 𝟐 𝑜𝑝𝑝 10 𝑜𝑝𝑝 10√3 𝟑
Cos 𝑎𝑑𝑗 10√3 √𝟑 𝑎𝑑𝑗 10 𝟏 Sec ℎ𝑦𝑝 20 𝟐√𝟑 ℎ𝑦𝑝 20
= = = = = = = =𝟐
ℎ𝑦𝑝 20 𝟐 ℎ𝑦𝑝 20 𝟐 𝑎𝑑𝑗 10√3 𝟑 𝑎𝑑𝑗 10
Tan 𝑜𝑝𝑝 10 √𝟑 𝑜𝑝𝑝 10√3 Csc ℎ𝑦𝑝 20 ℎ𝑦𝑝 20 𝟐√𝟑
= = = = √𝟑 = =𝟐 = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗 10√3 𝟑 𝑎𝑑𝑗 10 𝑜𝑝𝑝 10 𝑜𝑝𝑝 10√3 𝟑
Example 2: Find the trigonometric ratios of the given triangle.
Hypotenuse = 2 𝑙𝑒𝑔
30 = 2 𝑙𝑒𝑔 60° 30
30 15
60° 30 𝑙𝑒𝑔 =
2 30°
? 𝑙𝑒𝑔 = 15
30°
15√3
𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑔 = 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑔 ൫√3൯
?
𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑔 = 15√3

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO
𝑜𝑝𝑝 15 𝟏 𝑜𝑑𝑗 15√3 𝑜𝑝𝑝 15√3 √𝟑 𝑜𝑑𝑗 15 √𝟑
sin 30° = = = cot 30° = = = √𝟑 sin 60° = = = cot 60° = = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 30 𝟐 𝑜𝑝𝑝 15 ℎ𝑦𝑝 30 𝟐 𝑜𝑝𝑝 15√3 𝟑

𝑎𝑑𝑗 15√3 √𝟑 ℎ𝑦𝑝 30 𝟐√𝟑 𝑎𝑑𝑗 15 𝟏 ℎ𝑦𝑝 30

cos 30° = = = sec 30° = = cos 60° = = = sec 60° = = =𝟐
ℎ𝑦𝑝 30 𝟐 𝑎𝑑𝑗 15√3 𝟑 ℎ𝑦𝑝 30 𝟐 𝑎𝑑𝑗 15

𝑜𝑝𝑝 15 √𝟑 ℎ𝑦𝑝 30 𝑜𝑝𝑝 15√3 ℎ𝑦𝑝 30 𝟐√𝟑

tan 30° = = = csc 30° = = =𝟐 tan 60° = = = √𝟑 csc 60° = = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗 15√3 𝟑 𝑜𝑝𝑝 15 𝑎𝑑𝑗 15 𝑜𝑝𝑝 15√3 𝟑

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In Summary:
Sine Cosine Tangent Cotangent Secant Cosecant
1 √3 √3 2√3
30° √3 2
2 2 3 3
√2 √2
45° 1 1 √2 √2
2 2
√3 1 √3 2√3
60° √3 2
2 2 3 3

Problem Involving Trigonometric Ratio of Special Triangle

What is the length of a shadow cast by a building that is 400-ft tall if the sun is 30° above the
horizon?

400 𝑓𝑡

30°
shadow

Solution:
Since the figure forms a 30 – 60 – 90 right triangle, then let us follow the given definition.
𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑔 = √3 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑔
In the given problem, the length of shadow cast formed by the building is the longer leg and
the height of the building will be the shorter leg. Since the height of the building is 400ft, then we have,
𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑔 = √3 ሺ400ሻ
𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑔 = 400√3
Therefore the length of the shadow cast is 400√3 𝑓𝑡.

Assessment
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on the space before the number.

For item numbers 1-3, consider the given right triangle.

𝑥 9√2

45°
𝑥
____1. What is the value of x?
A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12

____2. Which of the following statements is correct?

6 √2 9 √2 9√2 √2 9√2 √2
A. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45° = = B. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45° = = C.𝑠𝑖𝑛 45° = = D. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45° = =
9√2 2 9√2 2 6 2 9 2

____3. Which is the best solution for tan 450?

3 6 9 12
A. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 45° = = 1 B. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 45° = = 1 C. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 45° = = 1 D. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 45° = =1
3 6 9 12

____4. Which of the following is the length of the hypotenuse if the length of the legs of a 45° −
45° − 90° triangle is 10cm?
A. 10cm B. 10√2cm C. 10√3cm D. 20cm

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____5. Which of the following statements is correct in a 45° − 45° − 90°?
A. If the length of the hypotenuse is 7√2𝑐𝑚, then the lengths of the legs are 7cm and 14cm.
B. If the length of the hypotenuse is 7√3𝑐𝑚, then the lengths of the legs are 7cm and 14cm.
C. If the length of the hypotenuse is 7√2𝑐𝑚, then the lengths of the legs are both 7cm.
D. If the length of the hypotenuse is 7√3𝑐𝑚, then the lengths of the legs are both 7cm.
For item numbers 6-9, consider the given right triangle.

60° 𝑦
𝑥
30°
2√3

____6. What is the value of x?

A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8

____7. What is the value of y?

A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8

____8. What is the value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠30°?

4 2√3 √3 2 1 2√3 √3
A. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 30° = = 2 B. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 30° = = C. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 30° = = D. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 30° = =
2 4 2 4 2 2 2

____9. Which of the following is the value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛60°?

2√3 √3 4 √3 2√3 √3 2 √3
A. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 60° = = B. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 60° = = C. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 60° = = D. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 60° = =
4 2 2√3 2 2 2 2√3 2

____10. Which of the following statements is true?

A. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 30° = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 30° B. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 60° = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 30° C. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 45° = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 45° D. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 60° = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 60°

____11. Which equation is correct?

A. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 45° = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 30° B. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 45° = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 30° C. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 60° = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 30° D. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45° = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 30°
For item numbers 12-15, consider the given triangle.

8
𝑎
45° 30°

𝑏
____12. Which of the following is the value of a?
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8

____13. Which of the following is the value of b in nearest hundredth?

A. 10.93 B. 9.78 C. 8.34 D. 10.25

____14. Which of the following statements is correct?

4 1 8 4 √2 4√2 2
A. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 30° = = B. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 30° = = 2 C. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 30° = = D. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 30° = =
8 2 4 4√2 2 4 √2

____15. Which of the following is the value of 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡45°?

A. 2 B. 1 C. ½ D. ¼

Enrichment Activity

Determine the exact value of the given expression. Show your solution.
1. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 30° + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 60°
2. 5𝑡𝑎𝑛 45°ሺ𝑠𝑒𝑐 30° + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 30°ሻ
𝑠𝑖𝑛 60°+𝑐𝑜𝑠 45°
3.
𝑡𝑎𝑛 45°
4. 2ሺ𝑠𝑒𝑐 60°ሻ − 4ሺ𝑐𝑜𝑠 60°ሻ
5. 3ሺ𝑡𝑎𝑛 30° + 𝑐𝑠𝑐 60°ሻ

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Review:
Sine Cosine Tangent Cotangent Secant Cosecant
30° 2 1 2√3 √3 2 √3 2√3 4 2√3 4
= = = = √3 = =2
4 2 4 2 2√3 3 2 2√3 3 2
45° 5 √2 5 √2 5 5 5√2 5√2
= = =1 =1 = √2 = √2
5√2 2 5√2 2 5 5 5 5
60° 2√3 √3 2 1 2√3 2 √3 4 4 2√3
= = = √3 = =2 =
4 2 4 2 2 2√3 3 2 2√3 3
Enrichment Activity: Assessment:
1. 1 4. 2 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C
2. 5√3 5. 3√3 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C
√3+√2
3.
2 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. B
ANSWER KEY: