Writing Bibliography/References section: The In-text

Citation
(SSP_RS8-WB-II-j-k-12)
Contributed by: Raissa C. Volpane – Plaridel Integrated NHS

What you need to learn?

An in-text citation is the brief form of the reference

that you include in the body (text) of your work. It gives
enough information to uniquely identify the source in your
reference list. The brief form usually consists of:
➢ family name of the author(s), and
➢ year of publication.

In-text citations briefly identify the source of

information in the body text. They correspond to a full
reference entry at the end of your paper.

In-text citations will look the same, regardless of

whetheryou're referencing a journal article, a report, or a
video.

In-text citations can either be in parenthetical form, or

have part of the citation included in the narrative of your
work:

Parenthetical citation
The general form is (Author, date), within parentheses.

A parenthetical citation should directly follow

the idea being cited. Include it within the punctuation
of the sentence. For instance:

... as has been shown in a recent study

(Mihrshahi & Baur, 2018), and discussed at length in
the literature in years past (Smith, 2007).

Narrative citation
You do not necessarily need to use parenthetical
citations in your work, but you must include both the
author and the date of the work you wish to cite within
the body of your text. There are multiple ways to
include a citation within the narrative. Here are two
examples:

In 2014, Kessler's study of epidemiological samples

showed that . . .

Kessler (2014) found that among epidemiological

samples . . .

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 Narrative citations place more emphasis on the
author of the work you are using. This type of citation
can introduce some variety into your writing, and will
sound more natural in an oral presentation than a
citation at the end of the sentence. However, it does
require more skill to use clearly.

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 Sample Review Parenthetical Citation Narrative Citation
It is found out that among There is a correlation between social Parker (2019) found a correlation between
teenagers, there is media usage and anxiety symptoms in social media usage and anxiety symptoms
correlation between social teenagers (Parker, 2019). in teenagers.
media usage and anxiety
symptoms.
Author: Parker
Date: 2019
1. Body image issues have
been widely associated
with social media usage,
particularly in young
women
Author: Perloff
Date: 2014
2. The relation between
media depictions and body
image concerns is well-
established.
Author: Grabe et al.
Date: 2008
3. A few researchers in the
linguistics field have
developed training
programs designed to
improve native speakers'
ability to understand
accented speech.
Author: Derwing et al.,
Date: 2002