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IV Compatibilities
Piperacillin/Tazobactam
The IV compatibility table provides data when 2 or
more medications are given in a Y-site of adminis
Sodium Bicarbonate
Methylprednisolone
Ceftaroline Fosamil
Potassium Chloride
Calcium Gluconate
Dexmedetomidine
tration. The data in this table largely represent
Diphenhydramine
Sodium Chloride
Metoclopramide
Dexamethasone
Hydromorphone
Norepinephrine
Hydrocortisone
physical incompatibilities (e.g., haze, precipitate,
Metronidazole
Phenylephrine
Anidulafungin
Nitroprusside
Ciprofloxacin
Nitroglycerin
Azithromycin
Pantoprazole
Levofloxacin
Ondansetron
Dextrose 5%
Clindamycin
Vancomycin
Vasopressin
Amiodarone
Bumetanide
Dobutamine
Epinephrine
Fluconazole
Meropenem
Daptomycin
Nicardipine
change in color). Therapeutic incompatibilities
Granisetron
Magnesium
Tigecycline
Ceftriaxone
Furosemide
Tobramycin
Eptifibatide
Gentamicin
Argatroban
Bivalirudin
Famotidine
Midazolam
Lorazepam
Aztreonam
Octreotide
Dopamine
Imipenem
Morphine
Acyclovir
Amikacin
Cefepime
Diltiazem
Cefazolin
Labetalol
Enalapril
Linezolid
Mannitol
have not been included, so when using the table,
Propofol
Esmolol
Heparin
Insulin
professional judgement should be exercised.
Acyclovir C C — C N C N N I N N N C N C C N C N C N I C I I N N N N C C N C C C C C C N N I C C C N I C C C N C N N N N N I N N I C C C N C C N
Amikacin C C C — C C N I C C N C C C C C C C C C C C C N N C C N C N C C N C I C C N N C C C C C C N N N N C C C N N C N C I N N C I C C N C N
Amiodarone C C N C — N I N N N N C I N C C C C N N C N N C C N C C C C C C C N I N N I C C N N C I N N C N N C C N C I C N N I C I C N I N C C C
Anidulafungin C C C C N — N N N N N N C C N C C C N C N N N C C N C N N C C C C N C C N C N N C C N N N C C N C C C N N N C N N C C C C N I N C C N
Argatroban C C N N I N — N N N N N N N N N N N N N N C C C C N N C N N N C N N N C N N N N N N N N N N N N N C C N C C C N N N C N N N N N N N C
Azithromycin C C N I N N N — I C N N N N C I I I N N C N N N N N N N N I N I I N N N N I N N I N N N N N N N N N I N N N N N C N N I I N N C I N N
Aztreonam C C I C N N N N — C C N C N N C C C C C C C C C C C N N N C C C C C C C C C C N N C I C C N C C I N C C N N N N C I N C C C C N C C N
N Information on compatibility not available or conflicting
Bivalirudin C C N C I N N C C — C C C C N C C C N C N C C C C C C C C C C C C N C C C N N C C N C C C N C C C C C N C C C N N N C C C N C N C I N
Bumetanide C C N N N N N N C C — N N N C N N N N N C C N I N N N N N N N C N C N N N N N N N N C N N N N N N I C N N N N N N N N C I N N N N N N
C Physically compatible via Y-site administration.
Calcium Gluconate C C N C C N N N C C N — C N C I C N N N C N N C N C C N N C I C N C C C N N N C N C N C N C I I N C N C N N C N N I N C C C C N C C N
Cefazolin C C C C I C N N C C N C — N N N N C N N C C N N N C N N C C C N I C C N I N C C N C N C N N N N C C C C N N N N C C N N N C N N N I N
Cefepime C C N C N C N N N C N N N — N N N C N N C N N I C N N N N N C C C C C N N N C N N N N N N N C N C I C I N N N N N N N N C I N I I C N
Ceftaroline Fosamil C C C C C N N C N N C C N N — N C N N C N C C I C C N N N C C C C C C C C N C I C N C C C N C C C C C N N N C N C C N N C C C N C N C
Ceftriaxone C C C C C C N I C C N I N N N — N I C N C C N N N N N N N C I N N C C N N N N I N C N N N N N N N N C N N N N N N C N N N C C C N I C
Ciprofloxacin C C N C C C N I C C N C N N C N — I N I C C C C C N N N N N N I C C I I N N N N N C C I N N I C C C N N N N C N N I N N C N I C C N C
I Physically incompatible.
Clevidipine C C N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Clindamycin C C C C C C N I C C N N C C C I I — N N C C N N N C N N C N I N C C C C C N N C C C N C N N C C N C C C N N N N C N N C C C C N C N N
Daptomycin I C N C N N N N C N N N N N N C N N — N N N N N C N N N N N C N C N C N N N N N C N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Dexamethasone C C C C N C N N C C N N N N C N I N N — C N I N N N N N N C C N N C C C C N N N C C C N N C N C N I C N N N N N C N C C C C C N N N N
Dexmedetomidine C C N C C N N C C N C C C C N C C C N C — C C C C N C N C C C C C C C N C N N C C C C C N N C C C C C N C C C N C N C C C C C N C C N
Diltiazem C C I C N N C N C C C N C N C C C C N N C — N C N N C N C N C I C N C C C C N C N N C N N N I C C C C C C C C N N N N N C N I N C C C
Diphenhydramine C C C C N N C N C C N N N N C N C N N I C N — N N N N N N C C N N C C N C C N N N C N N N C N C N C C N N N N N C I N C C C N N N N N
Dobutamine C C I N C C C N C C I C N C I N C N N N C C N — C C C N N C C I N C C N C N C C C C C C N N N N N C C C C C C N N I N I C C N C N N C
Dopamine C C I N C C C N C C N N N C C N C N C N C C N C — C C N C C C I N C C C C N I C C C C N N N C N C C C C C C C N C C N C C C N C N N C
Enalapril C C N C N N N N C C N C C N C N N C N N C N N C C — N N C C N N C C C C N N N C N C N C N C C N C N C C C C N N N N N C C C N N N C N
Epinephrine C C N C C C N N N C N C N N N N N N N N C C N C C N — N N N N C N N C C C N N C C N C N N N N N N C C C C C C N N I N N N C I C N N C
Eptifibatide C C N N C N C N N C N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N — N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Esmolol C C N C C N N N N C N N C N N N N C N N C C N N C C N N — C N I C N C C N N C C N C N C N N N N C N C C C C C N N I N N C C C N C C N
Famotidine C C C N C C N I C C N C C N C C N N N C C N C C C C N N C — C C C C C C C C C C N C C C N N C C N C C C C C C N N N C I C C C N N C N
Fluconazole C C C C C C N N C C N I C C C I N I C C C C C C C N N N N C — I C C C N N I N N N N C N N C N C C C C N C N N N C I N C C C N C C C C
Furosemide C C N C C C C I C C C C N C C N I N N N C I N I I N C N I C I — I C C C C N N I I C C N C C N I N C C I I C C N C C I C C C C N C N I
Gentamicin C C C N C C N I C C N N I C C N C C C N C C N N N C N N C C C I — C I N C N C C C C C C N C N N N C C C N N N N C N N N C I N C N N C
Granisetron C C C C N N N N C N C C C C C C C C N C C N C C C C N N N C C C C — C C C C N N N C C C N N C C C N C N N N N N N N N C N N C N C N N
IV Compatibilities
Piperacillin/Tazobactam
The IV compatibility table provides data when 2 or
more medications are given in a Y-site of adminis
Sodium Bicarbonate
Methylprednisolone
Ceftaroline Fosamil
Potassium Chloride
Calcium Gluconate
Dexmedetomidine
tration. The data in this table largely represent
Diphenhydramine
Sodium Chloride
Metoclopramide
Dexamethasone
Hydromorphone
Norepinephrine
Hydrocortisone
physical incompatibilities (e.g., haze, precipitate,
Metronidazole
Phenylephrine
Anidulafungin
Nitroprusside
Ciprofloxacin
Nitroglycerin
Azithromycin
Pantoprazole
Levofloxacin
Ondansetron
Dextrose 5%
Clindamycin
Vancomycin
Vasopressin
Amiodarone
Bumetanide
Dobutamine
Epinephrine
Fluconazole
Meropenem
Daptomycin
Nicardipine
change in color). Therapeutic incompatibilities
Granisetron
Magnesium
Tigecycline
Ceftriaxone
Furosemide
Tobramycin
Eptifibatide
Gentamicin
Argatroban
Bivalirudin
Famotidine
Midazolam
Lorazepam
Aztreonam
Octreotide
Dopamine
Imipenem
Morphine
Acyclovir
Amikacin
Cefepime
Diltiazem
Cefazolin
Labetalol
Enalapril
Linezolid
Mannitol
have not been included, so when using the table,
Propofol
Esmolol
Heparin
Insulin
professional judgement should be exercised.
Heparin C C C I I C N N C C N C C C C C I C C C C C C C C C C N C C C C I C — C C N C C I C C C N C C C C C C I C C C N C I N C C C C C I I C
Hydrocortisone C C C C N C C N C C N C N N C N I C N C N C N N C C C N C C N C N C C — N N N N N C C C N N N N N I C C N N C N C N N C N C C N N N N
Hydromorphone C C C C N N N N C C N N I N C N N C N C C C C C C N C N N C N C C C C N — N N C N C C C N N N N C C C C C N C N C I N C N C N N C C N
Imipenem C C C N I C N I C N N N N N N N N N N N N C C N N N N N N C I N N C N N N — C N N C I N N N N N N I N N N N N N C N N N N C I C N N C
Insulin N C N N C N N N C N N N C C C N N N N N N N N C I N N N C C N N C N C N N C — I C N N C N C N N N N C N C N N N N C N N N C C N C C C
Labetalol C C N C C N N N N C N C C N I I N C N N C C N C C C C N C C N I C N C N C N I — N C C C N N N N C C C C C C C N N N N N C C N N C C N
N Information on compatibility not available or confl icting
Levofloxacin C C I C N C N I N C N N N N C N N C C C C N N C C N C N N N N I C N I N C N I N — C C C N N N N N N C N I I N N N N C N C N C N N C N
Linezolid C C C C N C N N C N N C C N N C C C N C C N C C C C N N C C N C C C C C C C N C C — C C C C C N C C C C C N N N C N N C C N C C C C C
Lorazepam N C C C C N N N I C C N N N C N C N N C C C N C C N C N N C C C C C C C C C N C C C — N N N N N C C C C C N C N I N N C C C N N N C N
C Physically compatible via Y-site administration.
Magnesium C C C C I N N N C C N C C N C N I C N N C N N C N C N N C C N N C C C C C N C C C C N — N N N N C N C C N C N N C N N C C C N N C C N
Mannitol — — N C N N N N C C N N N N C N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N C N N N N N N N N N C N N — N N N N N N N N N N N N I N N C C N N N N N
Meropenem N C I N N C N N N N N C N N N N N N N C N N C N N C N N N N C C C N C N N N C N N C N N N — N C N N C N N N C N I N N N C N N N N C C
Methylprednisolone C C C N C C N N C C N I N C C N I C N N C I N N C C N N N C N N N C C N N N N N N C N N N N — N C C C C N N N N I I N C I I C I N N N
Metoclopramide C C C N N N N N C C N I N N C N C C N C C C C N N N N N N C C I N C C N N N N N N N N N N C N — N C C N N N N N C N N C N N N C N N N
Metronidazole — — C N N C N N I C N N C C C N C N N N C C N N C C N N C N C N N C C N C N N C N C C C N N C N — C C C N N N N N N N C N N N N N N C
I Physically incompatible.
Midazolam C C N C C C C N N C I C C I C N C C N I C C C C C N C N N C C C C N C I C I N C N C C N N N C C N — C C C C C N N I N N C C I N C C N
Morphine C C C C C C C I C C C N C C C C N C N C C C C C C C C N C C C C C C C C C N C C C C C C N C C C C C — C C C C N C C N C C C C N C C N
Nicardipine C C N C N N N N C N N C C I N N N C N N N C N C C C C N C C N I C N I C C N N C N C C C N N C N C C C — C C C N N N N N C N N N C C N
Nitroglycerin C C N N C N C N N C N N N N N N N N N N C C N C C C C N C C C I N N C N C N C C I C C N N N N N N C C C — C C N N C N N N C N N N N C
Nitroprusside C C N N I N C N N C N N N N N N N N N N C C N C C C C N C C N C N N C N N N N C I N N C N N N N N C C C C — C N N N N N N C N N N N N
Norepinephrine C C N C C C C N N C N C N N C N C N N N C C N C C N C N C C N C N N C C C N N C N N C N N C N N N C C C C C — N N C N N C C N N N N C
Octreotide C C N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N — N I N N N N N N N N N
Ondansetron C C I C N N N C C N N N C N C N N C N C C N C N C N N N N C C C C N C C C C N N N C I C N I I C N N C N N N N N — N N C C N I N N C N
Pantoprazole C C N I I C N N I N N I C N C C I N N I N N I I C N I N I N I C N N I N I N C N N N N N I N I N N I C N C N C I N — N N C N N N N I C
Phenylephrine C C N N C C C N N C N N N N N N N N N N C N N N N N N N N C N I N N N N N N N N C N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N — N N N N N N N C
Piperacillin/Tazobactam C C I N I C N I C C C C N N N N N C N C C N C I C C N N N I C C N C C C C N N N N C C C N N C C C N C N N N C N C N N — C N C C I I C
Potassium Chloride C C C C C C N I C C N C N C C N C C N C C C C C C C N N C C C C C N C N N N N C C C C C C C I N N C C C N C C N C C N C — C C C N N N
Propofol C C C I N N N N C N C C C I C C N C N C C N C C C C C N C C C C I N C C C C C C N N C C C N I N N C C N C C C N N N C N C — C N I C N
Sodium Bicarbonate C C C C I I N N C C N C N N C C I C N C C I N N N N I N C C N C N C C C N I C N C C N N N N C N N I C N N N N N I N N C C C — N N C C
Tigecycline C C N C N N N C N N N N N I N C C N N N N N N C C N C N N N C N C N C N N C N N N C N N N N I C N N N N N N N N N N N C C N N — C C N
Tobramycin C C C N C C N I C C N C N I C N C C N N C C N N N N N N C N C C N C I N C N C C N C N C N N N N N C C C N N N N N N N I N I N C — N N
Vancomycin C C C C C C N N C I N C I C N I N N N N C C N N N C N N C C C N N C I N C N C C C C C C N C N N N C C C N N N N C I N I N C C C N — N
Vasopressin — C N N C N C N N N N N N N C N C N N N N C N C C N C N N N C I C N C N N C C N N C N N N C N N C N N N C N C N N C C C N N C N N N —
Saunders
NURSING
DRUG
HANDBOOK
2023
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Saunders
NURSING
DRUG
HANDBOOK
2023
ROBERT J. KIZIOR, BS, RPH
Department of Pharmacy
KEITH J. HODGSON, RN, BSN, CCRN
Staff Nurse, Intensive Care Unit
Alexian Brothers Medical Center Former Staff Nurse, Emergency
Elk Grove Village, Illinois Department
St. Joseph’s Hospital
Tampa, Florida
Elsevier
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
Notice
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and
knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or
experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sci-
ences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages
should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed
by Elsevier, authors, editors, or contributors for any injury and/or damage to
persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence, or otherwise,
or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas
contained in the material herein.
Previous editions copyrighted © 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016,
2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003,
2002, 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997, 1996, 1995, 1994, and 1993.
International Standard Book Number: 978-0-323-93076-5
Executive Content Strategist: Sonya Seigafuse
Senior Content Development Manager: Lisa Newton
Senior Content Development Specialist: Tina Kaemmerer
Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Jackson
Senior Project Manager/Specialist: Carrie Stetz
Design Direction: Bridget Hoette
Printed in China
[ED1] Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
DRUGS BY DISORDER xv
DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS 1C
A–Z DRUG ENTRIES 1
APPENDICES 1279
A. Calculation of Doses 1279
B. Controlled Drugs (United States) 1280
C. Wound Care 1281
D. Drugs of Abuse 1286
E. Equianalgesic Dosing 1293
F. Herbals: Common Natural Medicines 1294
G. Lifespan, Cultural Aspects,
and Pharmacogenomics of Drug Therapy 1301
H. Normal Laboratory Values 1305
I. Drug Interactions 1307
J. Antidote/Reversal Agents 1312
K. Preventing Medication Errors and Improving
Medication Safety 1317
L. Parenteral Fluid Administration 1321
M. Common Terminology Criteria for
Adverse Events (CTCAE) 1324
INDEX 1326
v
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES
Robert (Bob) J. Kizior, BS, RPh
Bob graduated from the University of Illinois School of Pharmacy and is licensed to
practice in the state of Illinois. He has worked as a hospital pharmacist for more than
40 years at Alexian Brothers Medical Center in Elk Grove Village, Illinois—a suburb of
Chicago. Bob is the Pharmacy Surgery Coordinator for the Department of Pharmacy,
where he participates in educational programs for pharmacists, nurses, physicians,
and patients. He plays a major role in coordinating pharmacy services in the OR satel-
lite. Bob is a former adjunct faculty member at William Rainey Harper Community
College in Palatine, Illinois.
An avid sports fan, Bob also has eclectic tastes in music that range from classical, big
band, rock ‘n’ roll, and jazz to country and western. Bob spends much of his free time
reviewing the professional literature to stay current on new drug information.
Keith J. Hodgson, RN, BSN, CCRN
Keith was born into a loving family in Chicago, Illinois. His mother, Barbara B. Hodg-
son, was an author and publisher of several medication products, and her work has
been a part of his life since he was a child. By the time he was 4 years old, Keith was
already helping his mother with drug cards by stacking the draft pages that were piled
up throughout their home.
Because of his mother’s influence, Keith contemplated becoming a nurse in college,
but his mind was fully made up after he shadowed his sister in the Emergency Depart-
ment. Keith received his Associates Degree in Nursing from Hillsborough Community
College and his Bachelor of Science in Nursing from the University of South Florida in
Tampa, Florida. Keith started his career in the Emergency Department and now works
in the Trauma / Neurological/Surgical Intensive Care Unit at St. Joseph’s Hospital in
Tampa, Florida.
Keith’s favorite interests include music, reading, Kentucky basketball, and, if he gets
the chance, watching every minute of the Olympic Games.
vi
REVIEWERS
James Graves, PharmD
Clinical Pharmacist
University of Missouri Hospital
Columbia, Missouri
vii
CONSULTANTS*
Katherine B. Barbee, MSN, ANP, F-NP-C Linda Laskowski-Jones, RN, MS, CS,
Kaiser Permanente CCRN, CEN
Washington, District of Columbia Christiana Care Health System
Marla J. DeJong, RN, MS, CCRN, CEN, Newark, Delaware
Capt Jessica K. Leet, RN, BSN
Wilford Hall Medical Center Cardinal Glennon Children’s Hospital
Lackland Air Force Base, Texas St. Louis, Missouri
Diane M. Ford, RN, MS, CCRN Denise Macklin, BSN, RNC, CRNI
Andrews University President, Professional Learning Systems, Inc.
Berrien Springs, Michigan Marietta, Georgia
Denise D. Hopkins, PharmD Judith L. Myers, MSN, RN
College of Pharmacy Health Sciences Center
University of Arkansas St. Louis University School of Nursing
Little Rock, Arkansas St. Louis, Missouri
Barbara D. Horton, RN, MS Kimberly R. Pugh, MSEd, RN, BS
Arnot Ogden Medical Center School of Nursing Nurse Consultant
Elmira, New York Baltimore, Maryland
Mary Beth Jenkins, RN, CCRN, CAPA Regina T. Schiavello, BSN, RNC
Elliott One Day Surgery Center Wills Eye Hospital
Manchester, New Hampshire Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Kelly W. Jones, PharmD, BCPS Gregory M. Susla, PharmD, FCCM
McLeod Family Medicine Center National Institutes of Health
McLeod Regional Medical Center Bethesda, Maryland
Florence, South Carolina
viii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to thank my co-author, Bob Kizior, for his knowledge, experience, s upport,
and friendship. We would like to give special thanks to Sonya Seigafuse, Charlene
Ketchum, Carrie Stetz, Tina Kaemmerer, and the entire Elsevier team for their superior
dedication, hard work, and belief in us. Without this wonderful team, none of this
would be possible.
Keith J. Hodgson, RN, BSN, CCRN
DEDICATION
I dedicate my work to the practicing nurse, those aspiring to become nurses, and to all
health care professionals who are dedicated to the art and science of healing.
Bob Kizior, BS, RPh
I dedicate this work to my wife, Jen Hodgson, the love of my life; my sister, Lauren,
a foundation for our family; my sister, Kathryn, for her love and support; my father,
David Hodgson, the best father a son could have; my brothers-in-law, Andy and Nick,
great additions to the family; the grandchildren, Paige Olivia, Logan James, Ryan James,
and Dylan Boyd; and to my band of brothers, Peter, Jamie, Miguel, Ritch, George, Jon,
Domingo, Ben, Craig, Pat, and Shay.
We also make a special dedication to Barbara B. Hodgson, RN, OCN. She truly was a
piece of something wonderful. Barbara often gave her love and support without need-
ing any in return and would do anything for a smile. Not only was she a colleague and
a friend, she was also a small business owner, an artist, a dreamer, and an innovator.
We hope the pride we offer in her honor comes close to what she always gave us. Her
dedication and perseverance lives on.
Keith J. Hodgson, RN, BSN, CCRN
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Lexi-Comp’s Adult Drug Information Handbook, ed 30, Hudson, OH, 2021–2022,
Lexi-Comp.
Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics: 2020, 2021, Pharmacists Letter: 2021.
Takemoto CK, Hodding JH, Kraus DM: Lexi-Comp’s Pediatric Dosage Handbook, ed
27, Hudson, OH, Lexi-Comp.
Trissel LA: Handbook of Injectable Drugs, ed 19, Bethesda, MD, 2016, American
Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
ILLUSTRATION CREDITS
Kee JL, Hayes ER, McCuiston LE, editors: Pharmacology: A Nursing Process Approach,
ed 7, Philadelphia, 2012, Saunders.
ix
NEWLY APPROVED MEDICATIONS
Amivantamab (Rybrevant) A bispecific EGF receptor and MET antibody for
treatment of adults with locally advanced or
metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Belantamab mafodotin-blmf A monoclonal antibody for multiple myeloma
(Blenrep)
Dolutegravir (Tivicay) Treatment of the infection caused by human im-
munodeficiency virus (HIV)
Dostarlimab-gxly (Jemperli) A monoclonal antibody for endometrial cancer
Emtricitabine Treatment of the infection caused by HIV.
Evinacumab-dgnb A monoclonal antibody for homozygous familial
(Evkeeza) hypercholesterolemia
Idecabtagene (Abecma) A B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)–directed,
genetically modified, autologous chimeric anti-
gen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy for
treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory
multiple myeloma
Lamivudine Treatment of the infection caused by HIV
Loncastuximab (Zynlonta) A monoclonal antibody for relapsed or refractory
large B-cell lymphoma
Lurbinectedin (Zepzelca) An alkylating drug for metastatic small-cell lung
cancer
Margetuximab-cmkb An intravenous HER2/neu receptor antagonist for
(Margenza) metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer
Naxitamab-gqgk (Danyelza) A monoclonal antibody for relapsed or refractory
neuroblastoma in the bone or bone marrow
Pertuzumab/trastuzumab Monoclonal antibodies for HER2-positive breast
hyaluronidase-zzxf cancer
(Phesgo)
Ponesimod (Ponvory) A selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1
modulator for treatment of relapsing forms of
multiple sclerosis
Pralsetinib (Gavreto) A kinase inhibitor for non–small-cell lung cancer,
RET-mutant medullary thyroid cancer, and RET
fusion-positive thyroid cancer
Relugolix (Orgovyx) An oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone recep-
tor antagonist for advanced prostate cancer
Serdexmethylphenidate/ A CNS stimulant for ADHD
dexmethylphenidate
(Azstarys)
Tafasitamab-cxix (Monjuvi) A monoclonal antibody for diffuse large B-cell
lymphoma
Tenecteplase (TNKase) Thrombolytic agent
Tenofovir Treatment of the infection caused by HIV
x
Newly Approved Medications xi
Nurses are faced with the ever-challenging responsibility of ensuring safe and effective
drug therapy for their patients. Not surprisingly, the greatest challenge for nurses is
keeping up with the overwhelming amount of new drug information, including the
latest FDA-approved drugs and changes to already approved drugs, such as new uses,
dosage forms, warnings, and much more. Nurses must integrate this information into
their patient care quickly and in an informed manner.
Saunders Nursing Drug Handbook 2023 is designed as an easy-to-use source
of current drug information to help the nurse meet these challenges. What separates
this book from others is that it guides the nurse through patient care to better practice
and better care. This handbook contains the following:
1. An IV compatibility chart. This handy chart is bound into the handbook to pre-
vent accidental loss.
2. The Drug Classifications section. The action and uses for some of the most
common clinical and pharmacotherapeutic classes are presented. Unique to this
handbook, each class provides an at-a-glance table that compares all the generic
drugs within the classification according to product availability, dosages, side ef-
fects, and other characteristics. Its half-page color tab ensures you can’t miss it!
3. An alphabetical listing of drug entries by generic name. Blue letter thumb
tabs help you page through this section quickly. Information on medications that
contain a Black Box Alert is an added feature of the drug entries. This alert iden-
tifies those medications for which the FDA has issued a warning that the drugs
may cause serious adverse effects. Tall Man lettering, with emphasis on certain
syllables to avoid confusing similar sounding/looking medications, is shown in
capitalized letters (e.g., oxyCODONE). High Alert drugs with a color icon are
considered dangerous by The Joint Commission and the Institute for Safe Medica-
tion Practices (ISMP) because if they are administered incorrectly, they may
cause life-threatening or permanent harm to the patient. The entire High Alert
generic drug entry sits on a shaded background so that it’s easy to spot! To make
scanning pages easier, each new entry begins with a shaded box containing the
generic name, pronunciation, trade name(s), fixed combination(s), and
classification(s).
4. A comprehensive reference section. Appendixes include vital information on
calculation of doses; controlled drugs; chronic wound care; drugs of abuse; equi-
analgesic dosing; herbals: common natural medicines; lifespan, cultural aspects,
and pharmacogenomics of drug therapy; normal laboratory values; drug interac-
tions; antidotes or reversal agents; preventing medication errors; parenteral fluid
administration; and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE).
5. Drugs by Disorder. You’ll find Drugs by Disorder in the front of the book for easy
reference. It lists common disorders and the drugs most often used for treatment.
6. The index. The comprehensive index is located at the back of the book on light
blue pages. Undoubtedly the best tool to help you navigate the handbook, the com-
prehensive index is organized by showing generic drug names in bold, trade names
in regular type, classifications in italics, and the page number of the main drug
entry listed first and in bold.
xii
Preface xiii
Generic Name, Pronunciation, Trade Names. Each entry begins with the generic
name and pronunciation, followed by the U.S. and Canadian trade names. Exclusively
Canadian trade names are followed by a maple leaf . Trade names that were most
prescribed in the year 2020 are underlined in this section.
Black Box Alert. This feature highlights drugs that carry a significant risk of serious or
life-threatening adverse effects. Black Box Alerts are ordered by the FDA.
Do Not Confuse With. Drug names that sound similar to the generic and/or trade
names are listed under this heading to help you avoid potential medication errors.
Fixed-Combination Drugs. Where appropriate, fixed-combinations, or drugs made
up of two or more generic medications, are listed with the generic drug.
Pharmacotherapeutic and Clinical Classification Names. Each entry includes
both the pharmacotherapeutic and clinical classifications for the generic drug.
Action/Therapeutic Effect. This section describes how the drug is predicted to be-
have, with the expected therapeutic effect(s) under a separate heading.
Pharmacokinetics. This section includes the absorption, distribution, metabolism,
excretion, and half-life of the medication. The half-life is bolded in blue for easy access.
xiv Preface
Uses/Off-Label. The listing of uses for each drug includes both the FDA uses and the
off-label uses. The off-label heading is shown in bold blue for emphasis.
Precautions. This heading incorporates a discussion about when the generic drug is
contraindicated or should be used with caution. The cautions warn the nurse of specific
situations in which a drug should be closely monitored.
Lifespan Considerations . This section includes pregnancy/lactation data and age-
specific information concerning children and elderly people.
Interactions. This heading enumerates drug, food, and herbal interactions with the
generic drug. As the number of medications a patient receives increases, awareness of
drug interactions becomes more important. Also included is information about thera-
peutic and toxic blood levels in addition to effects the drug may have on lab results.
Product Availability. Each drug monograph gives the form and availability of the
drug. The icon identifies noncrushable drug forms.
Administration/Handling. Instructions for administration are given for each route
of administration (e.g., IV, IM, PO, rectal). Special handling, such as refrigeration, is
also included where applicable. The routes in this section are always presented in the
order IV, IM, SQ, and PO, with subsequent routes in alphabetical order (e.g., Ophthal-
mic, Otic, Topical). IV administration is broken down by reconstitution, rate of
administration (how fast the IV should be given), and storage (including how long the
medication is stable once reconstituted).
IV Incompatibilities/IV Compatibilities . These sections give the nurse the most
comprehensive compatibility information possible when administering medications by
direct IV push, via a Y-site, or via IV piggyback.
Indications/Routes/Dosage. Each entry provides specific dosing guidelines for
adults, elderly, children, and patients with renal and/or hepatic impairment. Dose mod-
ification for toxicity has been added where applicable. Dosages are clearly indicated for
each approved indication and route.
Side Effects. Side effects are defined as those responses that are usually predictable
with the drug, are not life-threatening, and may or may not require discontinuation of
the drug. Unique to this handbook, side effects are grouped by frequency listed from
highest occurrence percentage to lowest so that the nurse can focus on patient care
without wading through myriad signs and symptoms of side effects.
Adverse Effects/Toxic Reactions. Adverse effects and toxic reactions are very seri-
ous and often life-threatening undesirable responses that require prompt intervention
from a health care provider.
Nursing Considerations. Nursing considerations are organized as care is organized:
• What needs to be assessed or done before the first dose is administered? (Base-
line Assessment)
• What interventions and evaluations are needed during drug therapy? (Interven-
tion/Evaluation)
• What teaching is needed for the patient and family? (Patient/Family Teaching)
Note: Not all medications appropriate for a given condition are listed, nor
are those not listed inappropriate.
Generic names appear first, followed by brand names in parentheses.
xv
xvi Drugs by Disorder
Nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia) Other biologic agents
Nitroglycerin Abatacept (Orencia)
Propranolol (Inderal) Anakinra (Kineret)
Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin) Rituximab (Rituxan)
JAK inhibitors
Anxiety Baricitinib (Olumiant)
Alprazolam (Xanax) Tofacitinib (Xeljanz, Xeljanz XR)
Buspirone (BuSpar) Upadacitinib (Rinvoq)
Diazepam (Valium)
Hydroxyzine (Atarax, Vistaril) Asthma
Lorazepam (Ativan) Short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA)
Oxazepam (Serax) Albuterol (ProAir HFA, Proventil HFA,
Paroxetine (Paxil) Ventolin HFA, ProAir RespiClick)
Trazodone (Desyrel) Levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA)
Venlafaxine (Effexor) Short-acting muscarinic antagonists
(SAMA)
Arrhythmias Ipratropium (Atrovent HFA)
Adenosine (Adenocard) Inhaled corticosteroids
Amiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone) Beclomethasone (QVAR)
Digoxin (Lanoxin) Budesonide (Pulmicort)
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Dilacor) Ciclesonide (Alvesco)
Disopyramide (Norpace) Flunisolide (Aerospan)
Dofetilide (Tikosyn) Fluticasone (Arnuity Ellipta, Flovent Diskus)
Dronedarone (Multaq) Mometasone (Asmanex)
Esmolol (Brevibloc) Long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABA)
Flecainide (Tambocor) Formoterol (Perforomist)
Ibutilide (Corvert) Salmeterol (Serevent)
Lidocaine Inhaled corticosteroid/LABA
Metoprolol (Lopressor) combinations
Mexiletine (Mexitil) Budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort)
Propafenone (Rythmol) Fluticasone/vilanterol (Breo Ellipta)
Propranolol (Inderal) Fluticasone/Salmeterol (Advair, AirDuo
Sotalol (Betapace) RespiClick)
Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin) Mometasone, formoterol (Dulera)
Inhaled long-acting muscarinic
Arthritis, rheumatoid antagonist (LAMA)
Conventional DMARDs Tiotropium (Spiriva)
Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) Inhaled corticosteroid/LAMA/LABA
Leflunomide (Arava) Fluticasone/umeclidinium/vilanterol
Methotrexate (Otrexup, Rasuvo, Trexall) (Trelegy Ellipta)
Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
Biologic agents Atrial fibrillation
TNF inhibitors Oral anticoagulants
Adalimumab (Humira) Vitamin K antagonist
Certolizumab pegol (Cimzia) Warfarin (Coumadin)
Etanercept (Enbrel) Direct thrombin inhibitor
Golimumab (Simponi, Simponi Aria) Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
Infliximab (Remicade, Inflectra, Renflexis) Direct factor Xa inhibitors
IL-6 inhibitors Apixaban (Eliquis)
Sarilumab (Kevzara) Edoxaban (Savaysa)
Tocilizumab (Actemra) Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)
Drugs by Disorder xvii
Rate control Fesoterodine (Toviaz)
Beta adrenergic blockers Finasteride (Proscar)
Atenolol (Tenormin) Mirabegron (Myrbetriq)
Bisoprolol Silodosin (Rapaflo)
Carvedilol (Coreg, Coreg CR) Tadalafil (Cialis)
Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL) Tamsulosin (Flomax)
Nadolol (Corgard) Terazosin (Hytrin)
Propranolol (Inderal LA, InnoPran XL) Tolterodine (Detrol)
Calcium channel blockers
Diltiazem (Cardizem CD, Cartia XT, Bipolar disorder
Taztia XT, Tiazac) Aripiprazole (Abilify)
Verapamil (Calan, Verelan) Asenapine (Saphris)
Other Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Amiodarone (Pacerone) Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
Digoxin (Digitek, Lanoxin) Lithium (Lithobid)
Rhythm control Lurasidone (Latuda)
Amiodarone (Pacerone) Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Dronedarone (Multaq) Olanzapine/fluoxetine (Symbyax)
Dofetilide (Tikosyn) Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)
Flecainide Paliperidone (Invega)
Propafenone (Rythmol SR) Quetiapine (Seroquel)
Sotalol (Betapace, Sotalol AF) Risperidone (Risperdal)
Valproic acid (Depakene, Depakote)
Attention-deficit hyperactivity Ziprasidone (Geodon)
disorder (ADHD)
Amphetamine (Adzenys XR-ODT, Bladder hyperactivity
Dyanavel XR) Darifenacin (Enablex)
Atomoxetine (Strattera) Oxybutynin (Ditropan, Gelnique)
Clonidine (Catapres, Kapvay) Solifenacin (VESIcare)
Desipramine (Norpramin) Tolterodine (Detrol)
Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin, Focalin XR) Trospium (Sanctura)
Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine, Vibegron (Gemtesa)
ProCentra, Zenzedi)
Guanfacine (Intuniv) Bronchospasm
Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)
Methylphenidate (Aptensio XR, Concerta, Bitolterol (Tornalate)
Cotempla XR-ODT, Daytrana, Focalin, Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
Focalin XR, Jornay PM, Metadate CD, Metaproterenol (Alupent)
Methylin, QuilliChew ER, Salmeterol (Serevent)
Quillivant XR, Ritalin) Terbutaline (Brethine)
Mixed amphetamine (dextroamphetamine
and amphetamine salts) (Adderall, Cancer
Adderall XR, Mydayis) Abarelix (Plenaxis)
Serdexmethylphenidate/ Abemaciclib (Verzenio)
dexmethylphenidate (Azstarys) Abiraterone (Zytiga)
Viloxazine ER (Qelbree) Acalabrutinib (Calquence)
Ado-trastuzumab (Kadcyla)
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) Afatinib (Gilotrif)
Alfuzosin (Uroxatral) Aldesleukin (Proleukin)
Doxazosin (Cardura) Alemtuzumab (Campath)
Dutasteride (Avodart) Alitretinoin (Panretin)
xviii Drugs by Disorder
Altretamine (Hexalen) Darolutamide (Nubeqa)
Amivantamab (Rybrevant) Dasatinib (Sprycel)
Anastrozole (Arimidex) Daunorubicin (Cerubidine, DaunoXome)
Apalutamide (Erleada) Degarelix (Firmagon)
Alpelisib (Piqray) Denileukin (Ontak)
Arsenic trioxide (Trisenox) Dinutuximab (Unituxin)
Asparaginase (Elspar) Docetaxel (Taxotere)
Atezolizumab (Tecentriq) Dostarlimab-gxly (Jemperli)
Avapritinib (Ayvakit) Doxorubicin (Adriamycin, Doxil)
Avelumab (Bavencio) Durvalumab (Imfinzi)
Axitinib (Inlyta) Duvelisib (Copiktra)
Azacitidine (Vidaza) Elotuzumab (Empliciti)
BCG (TheraCys, Tice BCG) Enasidenib (IDHIFA)
Belantamab mafodotin-blmf (Blenrep) Encorafenib (Braftovi)
Belinostat (Beleodaq) Enfortumab vedotin (Padcev)
Bendamustine (Treanda) Entrectinib (Rozlytrek)
Bevacizumab (Avastin) Enzalutamide (Xtandi)
Bexarotene (Targretin) Epirubicin (Ellence)
Bicalutamide (Casodex) Erdafitinib (Balversa)
Binimetinib (Mektovi) Eribulin (Halaven)
Bleomycin (Blenoxane) Erlotinib (Tarceva)
Blinatumomab (Blincyto) Estramustine (Emcyt)
Bortezomib (Velcade) Etoposide (VePesid)
Bosutinib (Bosulif) Everolimus (Afinitor)
Brentuximab (Adcetris) Fam-trastuzumab (Enhertu)
Brigatinib (Alunbrig) Fludarabine (Fludara)
Busulfan (Myleran) Fluorouracil
Cabazitaxel (Jevtana) Flutamide (Eulexin)
Capmatinib (Tabrecta) Fulvestrant (Faslodex)
Cabozantinib (Cabometyx) Gefitinib (Iressa)
Capecitabine (Xeloda) Gemcitabine (Gemzar)
Carboplatin (Paraplatin) Gilteritinib (Xospata)
Carfilzomib (Kyprolis) Glasdegib (Daurismo)
Carmustine (BiCNU) Goserelin (Zoladex)
Ceritinib (Zykadia) Hydroxyurea (Hydrea)
Cetuximab (Erbitux) Ibritumomab (Zevalin)
Chlorambucil (Leukeran) Ibrutinib (Imbruvica)
Cisplatin (Platinol) Idarubicin (Idamycin)
Cladribine (Leustatin) Idecabtagene (Abecma)
Clofarabine (Clolar) Idelalisib (Zydelig)
Cobimetinib (Cotellic) Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Copanlisib (Aliqopa) Imatinib (Gleevec)
Crizotinib (Xalkori) Inotuzumab ozogamicin (Besponsa)
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) Interferon alfa-2b (Intron A)
Cytarabine (Ara-C, Cytosar) Ipilimumab (Yervoy)
Dabrafenib (Tafinlar) Irinotecan (Camptosar)
Dacarbazine (DTIC) Isatuximab (Sarclisa)
Dacomitinib (Vizimpro) Ivosidenib (Tibsovo)
Dactinomycin (Cosmegen) Ixabepilone (Ixempra)
Daratumumab (Darzalex) Ixazomib (Ninlaro)
Daratumumab/hyaluronidase (Darzalex Lapatinib (Tykerb)
Faspro) Larotrectinib (Vitrakvi)
Drugs by Disorder xix
Letrozole (Femara) Ramucirumab (Cyramza)
Leuprolide (Lupron) Rasburicase (Elitek)
Lenvatinib (Lenvima) Regorafenib (Stivarga)
Lomustine (CeeNU) Relugolix (Orgovyx)
Loncastuximab (Zynlonta) Ribociclib (Kisqali)
Lorlatinib (Lorbrena) Ripretinib (Qinlock)
Lurbinectedin (Zepzelca) Rituximab (Rituxan)
Margetuximab-cmkb (Margenza) Rituximab/hyaluronidase (Rituxan
Mechlorethamine (Mustargen) Hycela)
Megestrol (Megace) Romidepsin (Istodax)
Melphalan (Alkeran) Rucaparib (Rubraca)
Mercaptopurine (Purinethol) Sacituzumab (Trodelvy)
Methotrexate Selinexor (Xpovio)
Midostaurin (Rydapt) Selpercatinib (Retevmo)
Mitomycin (Mutamycin) Sipuleucel-T (Provenge)
Mitotane (Lysodren) Sonidegib (Odomzo)
Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) Sorafenib (Nexavar)
Moxetumomab (Lumoxiti) Streptozocin (Zanosar)
Naixamab-gqgk (Danyelza) Sunitinib (Sutent)
Necitumumab (Portrazza) Tafasitamab-cxix (Monjuvi)
Nelarabine (Arranon) Talazoparib (Talzenna)
Neratinib (Nerlynx) Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Nilotinib (Tasigna) Temozolomide (Temodar)
Nilutamide (Nilandron) Temsirolimus (Torisel)
Niraparib (Zejula) Teniposide (Vumon)
Nivolumab (Opdivo) Tepotinib (Tepmetko)
Obinutuzumab (Gazyva) Thioguanine
Ofatumumab (Arzerra) Thiotepa (Thioplex)
Olaparib (Lynparza) Tipifarnib (Zarnestra)
Olaratumab (Lartruvo) Tipiracil/trifluridine (Lonsurf)
Omacetaxine (Synribo) Tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah)
Osimertinib (Tagrisso) Tivozanib (Fotivda)
Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) Topotecan (Hycamtin)
Paclitaxel (Taxol) Toremifene (Fareston)
Palbociclib (Ibrance) Tositumomab (Bexxar)
Panitumumab (Vectibix) Trabectedin (Yondelis)
Panobinostat (Farydak) Trametinib (Mekinist)
Pazopanib (Votrient) Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
Pegaspargase (Oncaspar) Trastuzumab/hyaluronidase (Herceptin
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) Hylecta)
Pemetrexed (Alimta) Tretinoin (ATRA, Vesanoid)
Pentostatin (Nipent) Tucatinib (Tukysa)
Pertuzumab (Perjeta) Umbralisib (Ukoniq)
Pertuzumab/trastuzumab Valrubicin (Valstar)
hyaluronidase-zzxf (Phesgo) Vandetanib (Caprelsa)
Plicamycin (Mithracin) Vemurafenib (Zelboraf)
Polatuzumab (Polivy) Venetoclax (Venclexta)
Pomalidomide (Pomalyst) Vinblastine (Velban)
Ponatinib (Iclusig) Vincristine (Oncovin)
Pralatrexate (Folotyn) Vinorelbine (Navelbine)
Pralsetinib (Gavreto) Vismodegib (Erivedge)
Procarbazine (Matulane) Vorinostat (Zolinza)
xx Drugs by Disorder
Zanubrutinib (Brukinsa) Mometasone (Asmanex HFA, Asmanex
Ziv-aflibercept (Zaltrap) Twisthaler)
Inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) Beta-2 agonists (LABA)
Aspirin Fluticasone/salmeterol (Advair
Clopidogrel (Plavix) Diskus)
Heparin Fluticasone/vilanterol (Breo Ellipta)
Nimodipine (Nimotop) Budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort)
Prasugrel (Effient) Inhaled corticosteroids/long-
Warfarin (Coumadin) acting Beta-2 agonists (LABA)/
long-acting antimuscarinic agents
Chronic obstructive pulmonary (LAMA)
disease (COPD) Fluticasone/vilanterol/umeclidinium
Inhaled short-acting antimuscarinic (Trelegy Ellipta)
Ipratropium (Atrovent HFA)
Inhaled short-acting Beta-2 agonists Constipation
(SABA) Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
Albuterol (ProAir HFA, Proventil HFA, Docusate (Colace)
Ventolin HFA) Lactulose (Kristalose)
Levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA) Lubiprostone (Amitiza)
Inhaled short-acting Beta-2 agonist Methylcellulose (Citrucel)
(SABA)/short-acting antimuscarinic Milk of magnesia (MOM)
(SAMA) Polyethylene glycol (MiraLAX)
Albuterol/Ipratropium (Combivent Psyllium (Metamucil)
Respimat) Senna (Senokot)
Inhaled long-acting Beta-2 agonists
(LABA) Crohn’s disease
Arformoterol (Brovana) Azathioprine
Formoterol (Perforomist) Adalimumab (Humira)
Olodaterol (Striverdi Respimat) Certolizumab (Cimzia)
Salmeterol (Serevent Diskus) Corticosteroids
Inhaled long-acting antimuscarinic Infliximab (Inflectra, Remicade)
agents (LAMA) 6-Mercaptopurine
Aclidinium (Tudorza Pressair) Ustekinumab (Stelara)
Glycopyrrolate (Seebri Neohaler) Vedolizumab (Entyvio)
Revefenacin (Yupelri)
Tiotropium (Spiriva Respimat) Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Umeclidinium (Incruse Ellipta) Dalteparin (Fragmin)
Inhaled long-acting Beta-2 Edoxaban (Savaysa)
agonists (LABA)/long-acting Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
antimuscarinic agents (LAMA) Heparin
Glycopyrrolate/formoterol (Bevespi) Tinzaparin (Innohep)
Tiotropium/olodaterol (Stiolto Respimat) Warfarin (Coumadin)
Umeclidinium/vilanterol (Anoro Ellipta)
Inhaled corticosteroids Depression
Beclomethasone (QVAR) SSRIs
Budesonide (Pulmicort) Citalopram (Celexa)
Ciclesonide (Alvesco) Escitalopram (Lexapro)
Flunisolide (Aerospan HFA) Fluoxetine (Prozac, Prozac Weekly)
Fluticasone (Flovent Diskus, Flovent Paroxetine (Paxil, Paxil CR)
HFA) Sertraline (Zoloft)
Drugs by Disorder xxi
SNRIs Meglitinides
Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq, Khedezla) Nateglinide (Starlix)
Duloxetine (Cymbalta) Repaglinide (Prandin)
Venlafaxine (Effexor XR) Thiazolidinediones
Levomilnacipran (Fetzima) Pioglitazone (Actos)
TCAs Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Amoxapine (generic) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Desipramine (Norpramin) Acarbose (Precose)
Imipramine (generic) Miglitol (Glyset)
Amitriptyline (Elavil) Other
Nortriptyline (Pamelor) Colesevelam (Welchol)
MAOIs Bromocriptine (Cycloset)
Isocarboxid (Marplan) Pramlintide (Symlin)
Phenelzine (Nardil) Insulin
Selegiline (Emsam) Rapid-acting
Tranylcypromine (Parnate) Insulin aspart (Fiasp, Novolog)
Other Insulin glulisine (Apidra)
Bupropion (Wellbutrin SR, Aplenzin, Insulin lispro (Admelog, Humalog,
Forfivo XL) Lyumjev)
Esketamine (Spravato) Insulin inhalation powder (Afrezza)
Mirtazapine (Remeron, Remeron SolTab) Regular insulin
Olanzapine/fluoxetine (Symbyax) Humulin R
Trazodone (Oleptro) Novolin R
Vilazodone (Viibryd) Intermediate insulin
Vortioxetine (Trintellix) NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N)
Long-acting insulin
Diabetes Insulin detemir (Levemir)
Biguanides Insulin glargine (Basaglar, Lantus,
Metformin (Glucophage, Glucophage Semglee, Toujeo)
XR, Glumetza, Fortamet, Riomet) Insulin degludec (Tresiba)
Sulfonylureas
Glimepiride (Amaryl, Glipizide, Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL) Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Glyburide (Glynase) Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
GLP-1 receptor agonists Capsaicin (Trixaicin)
Albiglutide (Tanzeum) Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Dulaglutide (Trulicity) Citalopram (Celexa)
Exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon) Desipramine (Norpramin)
Liraglutide (Victoza) Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
Lixisenatide (Adlyxin) Gabapentin (Neurontin)
Semaglutide (Ozempic) Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
DDP-4 inhibitors Lidocaine patch (Lidoderm)
Alogliptin (Nesina) Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
Linagliptin (Tradjenta) Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)
Saxagliptin (Onglyza) Oxycodone (OxyContin)
Sitagliptin (Januvia) Paroxetine (Paxil)
SGLT2 inhibitors Pregabalin (Lyrica)
Canagliflozin (Invokana) Tramadol (Ultram)
Dapagliflozin (Farxiga) Valproic acid (Depakote)
Empagliflozin (Jardiance) Venlafaxine, extended-release
Ertugliflozin (Steglatro) (Effexor XR)
xxii Drugs by Disorder
Diarrhea Valproic acid (Depakene, Depakote)
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) Vigabatrin (Sabril)
Diphenoxylate and atropine (Lomotil) Zonisamide (Zonegran)
Fidaxomicin (Dificid)
Kaolin-pectin (Kaopectate) Esophageal reflux, esophagitis
Loperamide (Imodium) Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Octreotide (Sandostatin) Dexlansoprazole (Dexilant)
Rifaximin (Xifaxan) Esomeprazole (Nexium)
Famotidine (Pepcid)
Edema Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
Amiloride (Midamor) Nizatidine (Axid)
Bumetanide (Bumex) Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Chlorthalidone (Hygroton) Pantoprazole (Protonix)
Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin) Rabeprazole (AcipHex)
Furosemide (Lasix) Ranitidine (Zantac)
Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)
Indapamide (Lozol) Fever
Metolazone (Zaroxolyn) Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Spironolactone (Aldactone) Aspirin
Torsemide (Demadex) Ibuprofen (Advil, Caldolor, Motrin)
Triamterene (Dyrenium) Naproxen (Aleve, Anaprox, Naprosyn)
Epilepsy Fibromyalgia
Brivaracetam (Briviact) Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Cenobamate (Xcopri) Carisoprodol (Soma)
Clobazam (Onfi) Citalopram (Celexa)
Clonazepam (Klonopin) Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
Clorazepate (Tranxene) Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
Diazepam (Valium) Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Eslicarbazepine (Aptiom) Gabapentin (Neurontin)
Ethosuximide (Zarontin) Milnacipran (Savella)
Ezogabine (Potiga) Paroxetine (Paxil)
Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx) Pregabalin (Lyrica)
Gabapentin (Neurontin) Tramadol (Ultram)
Lacosamide (Vimpat) Venlafaxine (Effexor)
Lamotrigine (Lamictal, Lamictal ODT,
Lamictal XR) Gastric/duodenal ulcer
Levetiracetam (Keppra) Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Lorazepam (Ativan) Esomeprazole (Nexium)
Midazolam (Versed) Famotidine (Pepcid)
Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
Perampanel (Fycompa) Nizatidine (Axid)
Phenobarbital Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Phenytoin (Dilantin) Pantoprazole (Protonix)
Pregabalin (Lyrica) Rabeprazole (AcipHex)
Primidone (Mysoline) Ranitidine (Zantac)
Rufinamide (Banzel) Sucralfate (Carafate)
Tiagabine (Gabitril)
Topiramate (Qudexy XR, Topamax, Gastritis
Trokendi XR) Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Drugs by Disorder xxiii
Famotidine (Pepcid) Heart failure
Nizatidine (Axid) Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Ranitidine (Zantac) (ACE) inhibitors
Captopril
Gastroesophageal reflux disease Enalapril (Vasotec)
(GERD) Fosinopril
H2 receptor antagonists Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
Cimetidine (Tagamet HB) Quinapril (Accupril)
Famotidine (Pepcid) Ramipril (Altace)
Nizatidine Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
Ranitidine (Zantac) Candesartan (Atacand)
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) Losartan (Cozaar)
Dexlansoprazole (Dexilant) Valsartan (Diovan)
Esomeprazole (Nexium) Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin
Lansoprazole (Prevacid) inhibitor
Omeprazole (Prilosec) Sacubitril/valsartan (Entresto)
Rabeprazole (AcipHex) Beta adrenergic blockers
Bisoprolol
Glaucoma Carvedilol (Coreg)
Acetazolamide (Diamox) Metoprolol succinate (Toprol XL)
Apraclonidine (Iopidine) Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGS)
Betaxolol (Betoptic) inhibitor
Bimatoprost (Lumigan, Durysta) Vericiguat (Verquvo)
Brimonidine (Alphagan) Cardiac glycoside
Brinzolamide (Azopt) Digoxin (Digitek, Lanoxin)
Carbachol Diuretics (loop)
Dorzolamide (Trusopt) Bumetanide (Bumex)
Echothiophate iodide (Phospholine) Furosemide (Lasix)
Latanoprost (Xalatan) Torsemide (Demadex)
Levobunolol (Betagan) HCN channel blocker
Pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine) Ivabradine (Corlanor)
Tafluprost (Zioptan) Mineralocorticoid receptor
Timolol (Timoptic) antagonists
Travoprost (Travatan) Eplerenone (Inspra)
Unoprostone (Rescula) Spironolactone (Aldactone)
SGLT2
Gout Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
Anti-inflammatory agents Empaglifozin (Jardiance)
Anakinra (Kineret) Vasodilators
Canakinumab (Ilaris) Isosorbide/hydralazine (BiDil)
Colchicine (Colcrys, Mitigare) Hydralazine (generic)
Ibuprofen (Motrin)
Naproxen (Naprosyn) Hepatitis B
Prednisone Adefovir (Hepsera)
Urate-lowering agents Entecavir (Baraclude)
Allopurinol (Zyloprim) Lamivudine (Epivir)
Febuxostat (Uloric) Peginterferon alpha-2a (Pegasys)
Probenecid Telbivudine (Tyzeka)
Pegloticase (Krystexxa) Tenofovir (Viread)
xxiv Drugs by Disorder
Hepatitis C Nelfinavir (Viracept)
Daclatasvir (Daklinza) Nevirapine (Viramune)
Elbasvir/grazoprevir (Zepatier) Raltegravir (Isentress)
Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (Mavyret) Rilpivirine (Edurant)
Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (Harvoni) Ritonavir (Norvir)
Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir Saquinavir (Invirase)
(Technivie) Stavudine (Zerit)
Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir/ Tenofovir (Viread)
dasabuvir (Viekira Pak) Tesamorelin (Egrifta)
Peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys) Tipranavir (Aptivus)
Peginterferon alfa-2b (Pegintron) Zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir)
Ribavirin (Copegus, Rebetol, Ribasphere)
Simeprevir (Olysio) Hyperphosphatemia
Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi) Aluminum salts
Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (Epclusa) Calcium salts
Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir (Vosevi) Ferric citrate (Auryxia)
Lanthanum (Fosrenol)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Sevelamer (Renagel)
Abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine
(Triumeq) Hypertension
Abacavir (Ziagen) Thiazide diuretics
Atazanavir (Reyataz) Hydrochlorothiazide
Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir Loop diuretics
alafenamide (Biktarvy) Bumetanide (Bumex)
Cabotegravir/rilpivirine (Cabenuva) Furosemide (Lasix)
Cobicistat (Tybost) Aldosterone antagonists
Darunavir (Prezista) Eplerenone (Inspra)
Delavirdine (Rescriptor) Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Didanosine (Videx) ACE inhibitors
Dolutegravir (Tivicay) Benazepril (Lotensin)
Dolutegravir/lamivudine (Dovato) Enalapril (Vasotec)
Doravirine (Pifeltro) Lisinopril (Zestril, Prinivil)
Doravirine/lamivudine/tenofovir Quinapril (Accupril)
(Delstrigo) Ramipril (Altace)
Efavirenz (Sustiva) ARBs
Efavirenz/lamivudine/tenofovir Azilsartan (Edarbi)
disoproxil (Symfi) Candesartan (Atacand)
Elvitegravir (Vitekta) Irbesartan (Avapro)
Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine, Losartan (Cozaar)
tenofovir (Genova/Stribild) Valsartan (Diovan)
Emtricitabine (Emtriva) Calcium channel blockers
Emtricitabine/tenofovir (Truvada) dihydropyridines
Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Etravirine (Intelence) Nifedipine (Adalat CC, Procardia XL)
Fosamprenavir (Lexiva) Nondihydropyridines
Ibalizumab-uiyk (Trogarzo) Diltiazem (Cardizem LA, Taztia XT)
Indinavir (Crixivan) Verapamil (Calan)
Lamivudine (Epivir) Beta blockers
Lamivudine/tenofovir (Cimduo) Atenolol (Tenormin)
Lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) Carvedilol (Coreg, Coreg CR)
Maraviroc (Selzentry) Labetalol
Drugs by Disorder xxv
Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL) Inflammatory bowel disease
Nebivolol (Bystolic) (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative
Central alpha-adrenergic colitis)
agonists Aminosalicylates
Clonidine (Catapres) Mesalamine: Oral: (Apriso, Asacol HD,
Direct vasodilators Delzicol, Lialda, Pentasa); Rectal:
Hydralazine (Apresoline) (Rowasa, Canasa)
5-ASA pro-drugs
Hypertriglyceridemia Balsalazide (Colazal, Giazo)
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) Olsalazine (Dipentum)
Colesevelam (Welchol) Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
Fenofibrate (Tricor) Corticosteroids
Fluvastatin (Lescol) Budesonide (Entocort EC, Uceris)
Gemfibrozil (Lopid) Hydrocortisone (Colocort,
Icosapent (Vascepa) Cortenema)
Lovastatin (Mevacor) Prednisone (Rayos)
Niacin (Niaspan) Immunosuppressants
Omega-3 acid ethyl esters (Lovaza) Azathioprine (Azasan, Imuran)
Pravastatin (Pravachol) Cyclosporine (Sandimmune)
Rosuvastatin (Crestor) Mercaptopurine (Purixan)
Simvastatin (Zocor) Methotrexate (Otrexup, Rasuvo)
TNF inhibitors
Hyperuricemia Adalimumab (Humira)
Allopurinol (Zyloprim) Certolizumab pegol (Cimzia)
Febuxostat (Uloric) Golimumab (Simponi, Simponi Aria)
Pegloticase (Krystexxa) Infliximab (Remicade, Inflectra,
Probenecid (Benemid) Renflexis)
Integrin receptor antagonists
Hypotension Natalizumab (Tysabri)
Dobutamine (Dobutrex) Vedolizumab (Entyvio)
Dopamine (Intropin) Interleukin antagonist
Ephedrine Ustekinumab (Stelara)
Epinephrine JAK inhibitor
Norepinephrine (Levophed) Tofacitinib (Xeljanz)
Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
Insomnia
Hypothyroidism Benzodiazepine receptor
Levothyroxine (Levoxyl, Synthroid) agonists
Liothyronine (Cytomel) Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
Thyroid Zaleplon (Sonata)
Zolpidem (Ambien, Zolpimist, Edluar,
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic Intermezzo)
purpura (ITP) Benzodiazepines
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) Estazolam
Dexamethasone (Decadron) Flurazepam (Dalmane)
Hydrocortisone (Solu-Cortef) Lorazepam (Ativan)
Immune globulin intravenous Temazepam (Restoril)
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) Melatonin receptor agonist
Prednisone Ramelteon (Rozerem)
Rho(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM) Orexin receptor antagonist
Rituximab (Rituxan) Suvorexant (Belsomra)
xxvi Drugs by Disorder
Irritable bowel syndrome with Migraine treatment
constipation Almotriptan (Axert)
Chloride channel activator Dihydroergotamine (DHE 45, Migranal)
lubiprostone (Amitiza) Eletriptan (Relpax)
Guanylate cyclase-C receptor agonist Ergotamine/caffeine (Cafergot)
Linaclotide (Linzess) Frovatriptan (Frova)
Lasmiditan (Reyvow)
Irritable bowel syndrome with Naratriptan (Amerge)
diarrhea Rimegepant (Nurtec)
Antibiotic Rizatriptan (Maxalt)
Rifaximin (Xifaxan) Sumatriptan (Imitrex)
Mu-opioid receptor agonist/ Ubrogepant (Ubrelvy)
delta-opioid receptor antagonist Zolmitriptan (Zomig, Zomig-ZMT)
Eluxadoline (Viberzi)
5-HT modulators Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Alosetron (Lotronex) Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada)
Ondansetron (Zofran) Cladribine (Mavenclad)
Daclizumab (Zinbryta)
Lipid disorders Dalfampridine (Ampyra)
Statins Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera)
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) Diroximel fumarate (Vumerity)
Fluvastatin (Lescol) Fingolimod (Gilenya)
Lovastatin (Altoprev) Glatiramer (Copaxone)
Pitavastatin (Livalo) Interferon beta-1a (Avonex, Rebif)
Pravastatin (Pravachol) Interferon beta-1b (Betaseron, Extavia)
Rosuvastatin (Crestor) Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)
Simvastatin (Zocor) Natalizumab (Tysabri)
Cholesterol absorption inhibitor Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus)
Ezetimibe (Zetia) Ofatumumab (Kesimpta)
PCSK9 inhibitors Ozanimod (Zeposia)
Alirocumab (Praluent) Peginterferon beta-la (Plegridy)
Evolocumab (Repatha) Posesimod (Ponvory)
Bile acid sequestrants Rituximab (Rituxan)
Colesevelam (Welchol) Siponimod (Mayzent)
Colestipol (Colestid) Teriflunomide (Aubagio)
Cholestyramine (Questran)
Fibrates Myelodysplastic syndrome
Gemfibrozil (Lopid) Azacitidine (Vidaza)
Fenofibrate (Lipofen, Lofibra, Tricor, Clofarabine (Clolar)
Antara, Fibricor, Trilipix) Decitabine (Dacogen)
Fish oil Lenalidomide (Revlimid)
Icosapent ethyl (Vascepa)
Omega-3 acid ethyl esters (Lovaza) Myocardial infarction (MI)
Alteplase (Activase)
Migraine prevention Aspirin
Eptinezumab (Vyepti) Atenolol (Tenormin)
Erenumab-aooe (Aimovig) Captopril (Capoten)
Fremanezumab (Ajovy) Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Galcanezumab-gnlm (Emgality) Dalteparin (Fragmin)
Drugs by Disorder xxvii
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Dilacor) Belatacept (Nulojix)
Enalapril (Vasotec) Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Neosar)
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Cyclosporine (Sandimmune)
Heparin Daclizumab (Zenapax)
Lidocaine Everolimus (Zortress)
Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) Mycophenolate (CellCept)
Metoprolol (Lopressor) Sirolimus (Rapamune)
Morphine Tacrolimus (Prograf)
Nitroglycerin
Propranolol (Inderal) Osteoarthritis
Quinapril (Accupril) Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Ramipril (Altace) Celecoxib (Celebrex)
Reteplase (Retavase) Diclofenac (Cataflam, Pennsaid, Voltaren)
Warfarin (Coumadin) Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
Etodolac (Lodine)
Nausea Flurbiprofen (Ansaid)
Aprepitant (Emend) Ibuprofen (Motrin)
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) Ketoprofen (Orudis)
Dexamethasone (Decadron) Meloxicam (Mobic)
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) Nabumetone (Relafen)
Dronabinol (Marinol) Naproxen (Naprosyn)
Droperidol (Inapsine) Sulindac (Clinoril)
Fosaprepitant (Emend) Tramadol (Ultram)
Fosnetupitant/palonosetron (Akynzeo)
Granisetron (Kytril) Osteoporosis
Hydroxyzine (Vistaril) Bisphosphonates
Lorazepam (Ativan) Alendronate (Binosto, Fosamax)
Meclizine (Antivert) Ibandronate (Boniva)
Metoclopramide (Reglan) Risedronate (Actonel, Atelvia)
Nabilone (Cesamet) Zoledronic acid (Reclast)
Ondansetron (Zofran) Anti-RANK ligand antibody
Ozanimod (Zeposia) Denosumab (Prolia)
Palonosetron (Aloxi) Parathyroid hormone receptor
Prochlorperazine (Compazine) agonists
Promethazine (Phenergan) Abaloparatide (Tymlos)
Rolapitant (Varubi) Teriparatide (Forteo)
Sclerostin inhibitor
Obsessive-compulsive disorder Romosozumab (Evenity)
(OCD) Selective estrogen receptor
Citalopram (Celexa) modulator (SERM)
Clomipramine (Anafranil) Raloxifene
Escitalopram (Lexapro) Conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene
Fluoxetine (Prozac) (Duavee)
Fluvoxamine (Luvox) Calcitonin
Paroxetine (Paxil) Miacalcin injection
Sertraline (Zoloft) Nasal spray (generic)
Thrombosis Vertigo
Apixaban (Eliquis) Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
Dalteparin (Fragmin) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Edoxaban (Savaysa) Meclizine (Antivert)
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Scopolamine (Trans-Derm Scop)
Drugs by Disorder xxxi
Vomiting Phendimetrazine
Aprepitant (Emend) Phentermine (Adipex, Lomaira)
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) Phentermine/topiramate (Qsymia)
Dexamethasone (Decadron) Hydrogel
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) Gelesis (Plenity)
Dronabinol (Marinol) Lipase inhibitor
Droperidol (Inapsine) Orlistat (Alli, Xenical)
Fosaprepitant (Emend) Serotonin receptor agonist
Granisetron (Kytril) Lorcaserin (Belviq)
Hydroxyzine (Vistaril) Opioid antagonist/antidepressant
Lorazepam (Ativan) Naltrexone/bupropion (Contrave)
Meclizine (Antivert) GLP-1 receptor agonist
Metoclopramide (Reglan) Liraglutide (Saxenda)
Nabilone (Cesamet) Semaglutide (Wegovy)
Ondansetron (Zofran)
Palonosetron (Aloxi) Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Prochlorperazine (Compazine) Aluminum salts
Promethazine (Phenergan) Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Rolapitant (Varubi) Esomeprazole (Nexium)
Scopolamine (Trans-Derm Scop) Famotidine (Pepcid)
Trimethobenzamide (Tigan) Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Weight management Pantoprazole (Protonix)
Sympathomimetic amines Rabeprazole (AcipHex)
Benzphetamine Ranitidine (Zantac)
Diethylpropion
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CLASSIFICATIONS
DRUG CLASSIFICATION CONTENTS
Alzheimer’s disease agents beta-adrenergic blockers
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) calcium channel blockers
inhibitors chemotherapeutic agents
angiotensin II receptor antagonists contraception
antianxiety agents corticosteroids
antiarrhythmics diuretics
antibiotics H2 antagonists
antibiotic: aminoglycosides hepatitis C virus infection
antibiotic: carbapenems hormones
antibiotic: cephalosporins human immunodeficiency virus
antibiotic: fluoroquinolones (HIV) infection
antibiotic: macrolides immunosuppressive agents
antibiotic: penicillins laxatives
anticoagulants/antiplatelets/ multiple sclerosis
thrombolytics nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
anticonvulsants (NSAIDs)
antidepressants nutrition: enteral
antidiabetics nutrition: parenteral
antidiarrheals obesity management
antifungals: systemic mycoses osteoporosis
antiglaucoma agents Parkinson’s disease treatment
antihistamines proton pump inhibitors
antihyperlipidemics rheumatoid arthritis
antihypertensives rhinitis preparations
antimigraine sedative-hypnotics
antipsychotics skeletal muscle relaxants
antivirals smoking cessation agents
asthma/COPD vitamins
1C
2C
Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease
Dementia is a general term used describing a decline in mental ability that is severe enough to interfere with the function of daily living. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most
common cause of dementia. Cognitive loss in AD is associated with depletion of acetylcholine (involved with learning and memory). AD is confirmed only at autopsy and is
characterized by the presence of beta-amyloid plaques on the outer portions of neurons.
Currently, two classes of medications are used as therapies for AD, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor
antagonist.
AChEIs increase the concentration of acetylcholine and may have beneficial effects on dementia. NMDA receptor antagonist mechanism of action is unclear, but may reduce
glutamatergic overstimulation at the NMDA receptor, which may have symptomatic benefits on dementia.
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS
Name Uses Availability Dose/Titration Adverse Effects
Donepezil Mild, moderate, T: 5 mg, 10 mg, 23 mg Initially, 5 mg once daily, may increase to 10 mg Nausea, vomiting, abdomi-
(Aricept, severe AD ODT: 5 mg, 10 mg once daily after 4–6 wks. After 3 months, if subop- nal cramping, diarrhea,
Aricept ODT) timal response, may increase to 23 mg once daily bradycardia, syncope
Galantamine Mild, moderate T: 4 mg, 8 mg, 12 mg T, OS: Initially, 4 mg bid; may increase to 8 mg bid Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
(Razadyne, AD OS: 4 mg/mL after 4 wks, then to 12 mg bid after additional 4 wks weight loss, decreased
Razadyne ER) ER: 8 mg, 16 mg, 24 mg ER: Initially, 8 mg once daily, may increase to 16 appetite, syncope
mg once daily after 4 wks, then to 24 mg once
daily after additional 4 wks
Name Uses Availability Dose/Titration Adverse Effects
Rivastigmine Mild, moderate C: 1.5 mg, 3 mg, 4.5 mg, 6 C, OS: Initially, 1.5 mg bid, may increase in incre- Nausea, vomiting, abdomi-
(Exelon, AD mg ments of 1.5 mg bid every 2 wks up to 6 mg bid nal cramping, diarrhea,
Exelon Patch) Patch also OS: 2 mg/mL bradycardia, syncope, loss
approved for PATCH: 4.6 mg/24 hrs, 9.5 of appetite, weight loss
severe AD mg/24 hrs, 13.3 mg/24 hrs
NMDA Receptor Antagonist
Memantine Moderate, se- T: 5 mg, 10 mg T, OS: Initially, 5 mg once daily, may Dizziness, headache, diar-
(Namenda, vere AD OS: 2 mg/mL increase in increments of 5 mg/wk up to 10 mg rhea, constipation, confu-
Namenda XR) XR: 7 mg, 14 mg, 21 mg, 28 bid sion
mg
NMDA Receptor Antagonist/ Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
Memantine/do- Moderate, ER: 14/10 mg, 28/10 mg 14/10 mg: Once/d in evening in patients previ- Refer to individual agents
nepezil severe AD ously stabilized on memantine 5 mg bid or 14 mg for adverse effects
(Namzaric) once daily and donepezil 10 mg once/d
Alzheimer’s Disease
28/10 mg: Once daily in evening in patients previ-
ously stabilized on memantine 10 mg bid or 28 mg
once daily and donepezil 10 mg once daily
Amyloid Beta-Directed Monoclonal Antibody
Aducanumab- Moderate, IV: 170 mg/1.7 mL, 300 mg/3 IV (q4wks) Cerebral edema, microhe-
avwa (Aduhelm) severe AD mL 1mg/kg (first 2 infusions) morrhages, superficial sid-
3 mg/kg (3 and 4) erosis
6 mg/kg (5 and 6)
10 mg/kg thereafter
C: Capsule, ER: extended-release, OS: oral solution, T: tablet, XR: extended-release
3C
CLASSIFICATIONS
4C
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
USES ACTION
ACE INHIBITORS
Name Availability Uses Dosage Range (per day) Frequent or Severe Side Effects
Benazepril T: 5 mg, 10 mg, HTN HTN: Initially, 10 mg/day. Usual dose: 20–80 mg once daily or Class Effects
(Lotensin) 20 mg, 40 mg divided bid Cough, hypotension, rash, acute
Captopril T: 12.5 mg, 25 mg, HTN HTN: Initially, 12.5–25 mg 2–3 times/day. Usual dose: 50–100 mg renal failure (in pts with renal artery
(Capoten) 50 mg, 100 mg 2 times/day stenosis), angioedema, hyperkalemia,
HF HF: Initially, 6.25 mg 3 times/day. Target: 50 mg 3 times/day mild-moderate loss of taste,
hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, blood
Enalapril T: 2.5 mg, 5 mg, HTN HTN: Initially, 2.5–5 mg/day; may increase at 1–2 wk intervals. Usual dyscrasias, renal damage
(Vasotec) 10 mg, 20 mg dose: 5–40 mg once/d or divided bid
IV: 1.25 mg/mL HF HF: Initially, 2.5 mg 2 times/day, may increase at 1–2 wk intervals.
Target: 10 mg bid
Fosinopril T: 10 mg, 20 mg, HTN HTN: Initially, 10 mg/day
(Monopril) 40 mg Usual dose: 10–80 mg once daily
HF HF: Initially, 5–10 mg once daily
Target: 40 mg once daily
Name Availability Uses Dosage Range (per day) Frequent or Severe Side Effects
Lisinopril T: 2.5 mg, 5 mg, HTN HTN: Initially, 5–10 mg/day. Usual dose: 10–40 mg once daily
(Prinivil, 10 mg, 20 mg, HF HF: Initially, 2.5–5 mg once daily. Target: 40 mg once daily
Zestril) 40 mg
5C
CLASSIFICATIONS
6C
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
USES ACTION
Antianxiety Agents
USES
Antianxiety Agents
Anxiety disorders are the most common form of psy- disorder. Treatment options for anxiety disorders treatment. Benzodiazepines can provide immediate re-
chiatric illness and include generalized anxiety dis- include pharmacotherapy and psychological therapy lief of anxiety symptoms and are often used as adjuncts
order (GAD), panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive (e.g., behavioral therapy). A selective serotonin reup- to SSRIs and SNRIs (see classification Antidepressants
disorder (OCD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), post- take inhibitor (SSRI) or a serotonin norepinephrine for SSRI and SNRI charts).
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and acute stress reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) is generally used for initial
ACTION
Benzodiazepines: The exact mechanism is unknown, aminobutyric acid (GABA), which inhibits nerve im- epine receptors in various areas of the central nervous
but they may increase the inhibiting effect of gamma- pulse transmission by binding to specific benzodiaz- system (CNS).
Continued
7C
CLASSIFICATIONS
ANTIANXIETY AGENTS
8C
Name Availability Uses Dosage Side Effects
Benzodiazepine
Antianxiety Agents
Alprazolam (Xanax) T: 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg Anxiety, panic disor- Initially, 0.25–0.5 mg Drowsiness, weakness, fatigue,
S: 1 mg/ml der 3 times/day. May increase ataxia, slurred speech, confusion,
ER: 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg every 3–4 days. Maximum: lack of coordination,
ODT: 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg 4 mg/day impaired memory, paradoxical
agitation, dizziness, nausea
Clonazepam T: 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg Anxiety, panic Anxiety: 1–4 mg divided bid Drowsiness, ataxia, behavioral
(Klonopin) ODT: 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 mg disorder disturbances
Clorazepate T: 3.75 mg, 7.5 mg, 15 mg Anxiety, alcohol 7.5–15 mg 2–4 times/day Hypotension, drowsiness, fatigue,
(Tranxene) SD: 11.25 mg, 22.5 mg withdrawal, ataxia, memory impairment, head-
anticonvulsant ache, nausea
Diazepam (Valium) T: 2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg Anxiety, alcohol with- 2–10 mg, 2–4 times/day Hypotension, ataxia, drowsiness,
S: 5 mg/5 mL drawal, anticonvul- fatigue, vertigo
I: 5 mg/mL sant, muscle relaxant
Lorazepam (Ativan) T: 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg Anxiety, alcohol with- Initially, 2–3 mg/day in 2–3 di- Sedation, respiratory depression,
S: 2 mg/mL drawal vided doses. Usual dose: 2–6 ataxia, dizziness, headache
I: 2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL mg/day in divided doses
Nonbenzodiazepine
Buspirone (BuSpar) T: 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, Anxiety Initially, 7.5 mg 2 times/day. Dizziness, light-headedness,
30 mg May increase every 2–3 headaches, nausea, restlessness
days by 2.5 mg bid. Maxi-
mum: 30 mg 2 times/day
Hydroxyzine T: 10 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg Anxiety 50–100 mg 4 times/day Drowsiness; dry mouth, nose, and
(Atarax, Vistaril) C: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg throat
S: 10 mg/5 mL
C, Capsules; CR, controlled-release; ER, extended-release; I, injection; ODT, orally disintegrating tablet; S, solution; SD, single dose; T, tablets.
Antianxiety Agents
9C
CLASSIFICATIONS
Antiarrhythmics
10C
USES ACTION
Prevention and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, such The antiarrhythmics are divided into four classes based Class IC: Slows conduction velocity; no effect on repo-
Antiarrhythmics
as premature ventricular contractions, ventricular on their effects on certain ion channels and/or recep- larization phase.
tachycardia, premature atrial contractions, paroxysmal tors located on the myocardial cell membrane. Class I is
Class II: Slows sinus and atrioventricular (AV) nodal
atrial tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and flutter. further divided into three subclasses (IA, IB, IC) based
conduction.
on electrophysiologic effects.
Class III: Blocks cardiac potassium channels,
Class I: Blocks cardiac sodium channels and slows con-
prolonging the repolarization phase of electrical cells.
duction velocity, prolonging refractory period, and de-
creasing automaticity of sodium-dependent tissue. Class IV: Inhibits the influx of calcium through its
channels, causing slower conduction through the sinus
Class IA: Blocks sodium and potassium channels.
and AV nodes; decreases contractility.
Class IB: Shortens the repolarization phase.
ANTIARRHYTHMICS
Name Availability Uses Dosage Range Side Effects
Class IA
Disopyramide C: 100 mg, 150 mg AF, WPW, PSVT, C: 100–200 mg q6h Dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, HF,
(Norpace, C (ER): 100 mg, 150 mg PVCs, VT ER: 200–400 mg q12h proarrhythmia, heart block, nausea, vomiting,
Norpace CR) diarrhea, hypoglycemia, nervousness
Procainamide I: 100 mg/mL, 500 mg/mL AF, WPW, PVCs, Loading dose: 15–18 mg/kg Hypotension, fever, agranulocytosis, SLE,
(Procan-SR, VT over 20–30 min. Maintenance headaches, proarrhythmia, confusion,
Pronestyl) dose: 1–4 mg/min as a contin- disorientation, Gl symptoms, hypotension
uous infusion
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Sanders tiesi tämän vallan hyvin, joten hän käytti aikansa ottamalla
selville Carterin murhaajain nimet. Kun hänellä oli ne tiedossaan,
hän meni seitsemänkymmenen mailin päähän viidakkoon poppamies
Kelebin luo, jonka nimi oli tunnettu koko rannikolla Dakarista aina
itäisen Togo-maan rajoille asti.
— Isä, sanoi Kelebi painavasti, — jos niin on, niin Abibu jää
elämään.
Sanders kumarsi (se oli hänelle liiaksi juhlallista). Hän arveli, että
tulija odotti sitä.
— Juuri.
— Tännekö?
— Ei juuri, mutta…
— Mene nopeasti laivalle ja vie kirje sille herralle, joka juuri lähti
täältä, sanoi hän palvelijalle ja kiiruhti kirjoittamaan paperilappua:
— Olen pahoillani, kirjoitti hän, — olin Teille melkein raaka —
tietämättä, mitä pahusta täältä haitte. Ylenmääräinen uteliaisuus
kehoittaa minua tarjoamaan Teille asunnon majassani siihen asti,
kunnes saatte tilaisuuden toimittaa tutkimuksenne.
— Matsembin Kabindo.
— Ei!
(Melkein luulen, että tämä oli totta, sillä Sanders ei hevillä saanut
kerätyksi majaveroa, joka oli saatava hallitukselle.)
— Paiskaa hänelle?
*****
*****
PULVIS et NIHIL
Kuningas oli vanha mies, siveetön ukko, jos Sanders yleensä oli
luonteentutkija, ja hän osoitti selviä kiukun ja halveksumisen
merkkejä, kun komissaari levitti lahjansa.
— Humaus kävi läpi joukon, sillä nimi Ketsevaio oli eräs sellainen,
jonka maine kantautui pohjoiseen.