PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT COLEGIO VALDECÁS

FIRST AID
Lifesaving techniques consist of giving first aids at the site of the incident to the victim of an accident
until specialized help arrives. The success of the patient´s subsequent recovery depends on the first
aids.

When faced with an emergency situation of any type, you always have to follow three steps (conducta
PAS), always in the same order:

 Protect the victim in the location where the accident happened.

 Alert the emergency services by phoning 112.
 Give first aid to the victims of the accident.

To determine the extent of injury, you must first do a preliminary examination. You have to check
these things, in this order:

 The victim´s state of consciousness (talking, stimulating or pinching him or her)

 The victim´s breathing (checking the degree of obstruction of the airways and mouth)
 The victim´s pulse (placing your fingers on the carotid artery on the neck)

Side recovery position: it prevents victims from choking on their vomit and keeps the airways open.

Cardiopulmary Resuscitation (CPR): it consist of a cardiac massage and mouth to mouth.

o Apply 30 chest compressions

o Blow into the victim’s mouth two times.

o Repeat until the patient begins breathing.

Nacho Tejedor Muñoz

 PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT COLEGIO VALDECÁS

MOST COMMON INCIDENTS DURING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

A lot of types of accident can occur in a Physical Education class or while doing some kind of
physical activity. The following are some of the most common:

WOUNDS

It is an alteration to the skin. The seriousness of a wound depends on

its depth, its location, its size, the appearance of bruising and how
dirty it is.

 Clean with soap and water.

 Use gauze to clean the wound, never cotton balls.
 Clean from inside to out.
 Apply antiseptic.

SPRAINS

This is an injury that affects the ligaments in a joint and is caused by

excessive stretching or elongation.

 Raise the extremity.

 Immobilize the victim.
 Apply cold.
 Help the victim get to a medical facility.

FRACTURES

It is a partial or a complete breakage of a bone. In this case you have

intense pain, swelling, obvious deformation and loss of the ability to
move the affected part.

 Immobilize the victim.

 Do not press on the affected area.
 Apply ice.
 Help the victim get to a medical facility.

FAINTING

This is a brief and incomplete loss of consciousness, which may be

cause by a drop in the blood flow to the brain due to strong emotions,
overheating, insufficient diet or excessive exercises.

 Place the victim with elevated legs.

 Get fresh air and has enough space without crowds.
 Loosen the victim´s clothing.

Automatic defibrillators can be used by untrained people and represent a real possibility for saving
lives. This is why they are placed in all kinds of places like markets, metro, schools…

Nacho Tejedor Muñoz