MATHEMATICS 8

• A system of linear equations

is a set of 2 or more linear
equations with 2 or more
variables that must be solved
simultaneously.
• An inconsistent system is a
system of linear equations
that has no solution.
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• To substitute is to replace a
variable with a number or
equation.
• A dependent system is a system
of linear equations that has
infinitely many solutions.
• A consistent system is a system
of linear equations that has at
least one solution.
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 SOLVING
SIMULTANEOUS
LINEAR EQUATIONS
USING ALGEBRAIC
METHOD
4
There are two method in
solving simultaneous linear
equations;
1. Elimination Method
2. Substitution Method

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Elimination Method
this method is usually
used when the absolute
values of the coefficients
of one variable in both the
equations are the same.
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Elimination Method
For example:
1 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 12
2 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 13

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Elimination Method
For example:
3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 12 + 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 13
3𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑦 = 12 + 13
5𝑥 = 25
𝑥=5

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 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 12
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 13
Substitute 𝑥 = 5
3 5 − 𝑦 = 12
15 − 𝑦 = 12
15 − 12 = 𝑦
3=𝑦
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To check the answer,
substitute x=5 and y=3 to both
equations;
3 5 − 3 = 12
15 − 3 = 12
2 5 + 3 = 13
10 + 3 = 13
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑥
= 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 3. 10
Another Example:
1 3𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 17
2 3𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 4
1-2: 3𝑥 + 7𝑦 − 3𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 17 − 4
3𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 7𝑦 + 6𝑦 = 17 − 4
13𝑦 = 13
𝑦=1
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Substitute y=1 to any equation
1 3𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 17
2 3𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 4
3𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 17
3𝑥 + 7 1 = 17
3𝑥 = 17 − 7
3𝑥 = 10
10 1
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟 3
3 3 12
 1
Check: substitute 𝑥 = 3 to both
3
equations;
1 3𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 17
2 3𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 4
1
3 3 + 7(1) = 17
3
10 + 7 = 17

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 1
Check: substitute 𝑥 = 3 to both
3
equations;
1 3𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 17
2 3𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 4
1
3 3 − 6(1) = 4
3
10 − 6 = 4
1
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑥 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 − 1
3
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2. Substitution Method
In this method, we first
arrange one equation to
express one variable in terms
of the other variable. Next, we
substitute this expression into
the other equation to obtain
an equation in only one
variable. 15
2. Substitution Method
For example:
1 7𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 21
2 4𝑥 + 𝑦 = 57
Rearrange the equation 2 to
express y in terms of x.

4𝑥 + 𝑦 = 57 - 𝑦 = 57 − 4𝑥

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Replace y in the 1 equation with
expression in x to obtain an
equation in x.
7𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 21; 𝑦 = 57 − 4𝑥
7𝑥 − 2 57 − 4𝑥 = 21
7𝑥 − 114 + 8𝑥 = 21
7𝑥 + 8𝑥 = 21 + 114
15𝑥 = 135
𝑥=9 17
Substitute x=9 to the 3
equation to solve the value y.
𝑦 = 57 − 4𝑥
𝑦 = 57 − 4 9
𝑦 = 57 − 36
𝑦 = 21

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Check: substitute x=9 and y=21 to
both equations;
1 7𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 21
2 4𝑥 + 𝑦 = 57
7 9 − 2 21 = 21
63 − 42 = 21
4 9 + 21 = 57
36 + 21 = 57
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Another example;
1 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 24
2 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = −6
Manipulate one of the
equations such that one
variable is defined in terms of
the other
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Another example;
1 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 24
2 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = −6
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 24

3 𝑦 = 24 − 𝑥

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22
23
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25
Check: Substitute the value of
x=6 and y=18 to both
equations;
1 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 24
2 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = −6

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 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 24
6 + 18 = 24
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = −6
2 6 − 18 = −6
12 − 18 = −6
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑥
= 6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 18.
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 SOLVING
SIMULTANEOUS
LINEAR EQUATIONS
USING ALGEBRAIC
METHOD
28
There are two method in
solving simultaneous linear
equations;
1. Elimination Method
2. Substitution Method

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