UNIVERSAL SCHOOL PIERRE AND MARIE CURIE

I QUARTER 2022-2023

Grade: 10 Lesson File Nº: 5

Subject: Precalculus Unit: 1: Preparing for Pre-Calculus

Teacher: Elián Topics: 1.2 Systems of Linear Equations and Inequalities

Bustamante 1.3.1 Solving Systems of Equations in two variables

Value: 100 points Start date: Monday, September 12, 2022

Time: 3 periods Due date: Friday, September 16, 2022, at 11:59pm

Learning Objectives:
Students learn to use different methods and strategies to solve systems of linear equations, in 2
variables, mathematically and by graphing.
Lesson Summary:
Solve Systems Graphically
A system of equations is two or more equations with the same variables. You can solve a system of linear
equations by using a table or by graphing the equations on the same coordinate plane. If the lines
intersect, the solution is that intersection point.

Systems of equations can be classified by the number of solutions. The following chart summarizes the
possibilities for graphs of two linear equations in two variables.

Intersecting Lines Lines coincide Lines are parallel

Graphs of
Equations

Same slope, same y- Same slope, different

Slopes of Lines Different slopes
intercept y-intercept
Classification of Consistent and Consistent and
Inconsistent
Systems independent dependent
Number of
One Infinitely many None
Solutions

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Example 1: Use the graph at the right to determine
whether each system is consistent or inconsistent and if it
is independent or dependent.
a. 𝒚 = −𝒙 + 𝟒 and 𝒚 = 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟓
Since the graphs of 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 4 and 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 5 intersect,
there is one solution. Therefore, the system is consistent
and independent.
b. 𝒚 = −𝒙 + 𝟒 and 𝒚 = −𝒙 − 𝟐
Since the graphs of 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 4 and 𝑦 = −𝑥 − 2 are
parallel, there are no solutions. Therefore, the system is
inconsistent.
c. 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎 and 𝒚 = 𝟐𝐱 + 𝟓
Since the graphs of 2𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 10 and 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 5 coincide, there are infinitely many solutions.
Therefore, the system is consistent and dependent.

Solve Systems Algebraically

Algebraic methods are used to find the exact solutions of systems of equations.
Substitution
Step 1: Solve one equation for one of the variables.
Step 2: Substitute the resulting expression into the other equation to replace the variable. Then
solve the equation.
Step 3: Substitute to solve for the other variable.
Example 2: Solve for one variable, then substitute.
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟕
൜
𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎
13
Solve the first equation for 𝑥 since the Use 𝑦 = 11 to find the value of 𝑥.
coefficient of 𝑥 is 1.
13
𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10 Subtract 4𝑦 from each side. 𝑥 = 10 − 4 ቀ11ቁ
52
𝑥 = 10 − 4𝑦 𝑥 = 10 − 11
Find the value of 𝑦 by substituting 10 − 4𝑦 for 58
𝑥 = 11
𝑥 in the second equation.
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 7
58 13
2(10 − 4y) − 3𝑦 = 7 Sub 𝑥 = 10 − 4𝑦 The solution is ቀ11 , 11ቁ.
20 − 8𝑦 − 3𝑦 = 7
−11𝑦 = −13
13
𝑦=
11

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In class examples:

𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓𝒚 = −𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟏
1. ൜ 2. ൜ 3. ൜
𝟑(𝒙 − 𝟏) − 𝟓𝒚 = −𝟔𝟖 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒙 + 𝟐𝟎𝒚 = 𝟓

Elimination
You can use the elimination method to solve a system when one of the variables has the same coefficient
in both equations. Variables can be eliminated by addition or subtraction.
Step 1: When coefficients are different, multiply one or both equations by a number to result in
two equations that contain same or opposite terms. If equations already have one variable with
the same or additive inverse coefficients, skip to step 2.
Step 2: Add or subtract the equations, eliminating one variable. Then solve the equation.
Step 3: Substitute to solve for the other variable.
Example 3: Use elimination to solve the system of equations.
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟔
𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟒
2
If you multiply the first equation by 1 and the Substitute 7 for 𝑦 in either equation.
second equation by –2, you can eliminate the 𝑥 2
terms. 𝑥 + 5(7) = 4
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6 10
𝑥 = 4− 7
(+) − 2𝑥 − 10𝑦 = −8 28−10
𝑥=
−7𝑦 = −2 7
18
−7𝑦
= −7
−2 𝑥= 7
−7
18 2
𝑦=7
2 The solution is ( 7 , 7)

𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟔 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟔 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟐𝟓
4. ൜ 5. ൜ 6. ൜
𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟒 𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 = 𝟐𝟒 𝟑𝒙 − 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟕
When to use each method?
To estimate the solution, since graphing usually does not give an exact
Graphing
answer.

Substitution If one of the variables in either equations has a coefficient of 1 or –1.

Elimination by
If one of the variables has opposite coefficients in both equations.
Addition
Elimination by
If one of the variables has the same coefficient in both equations.
Subtraction
Elimination by If none of the coefficients are 1 or –1, and neither of the variables can be
Multiplication eliminated by simply adding or subtracting the equations.

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Activities
Exercises:
Solve the following systems of equations. (6 using elimination, 6 using substitutions)
1. −5𝑚 + 9𝑛 = 14 & 28 = −10𝑚 + 18𝑛 7. 2𝑔 + ℎ = 6 and 3𝑔 − 2ℎ = 16
2
2. 2𝑎 − 4𝑏 = 6 and −𝑎 + 2𝑏 = −3 8. 2𝑥 + 3 𝑦 = 14 and 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 12
3. 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −6 and −𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 7 9. 6𝑎 + 3𝑏 = 6 and 8𝑎 + 5𝑏 = 12
4. 2𝑚 + 𝑛 = 6 and 5𝑚 + 6𝑛 = 1 10. ℎ − 𝑧 = 3 and −3ℎ + 3𝑧 = −3
5. 2𝑟 + 𝑠 = 5 and 3𝑟 − 𝑠 = 20 11. 5𝑔 + 4𝑘 = 10 and −3𝑔 − 5𝑘 = 7
6. 3𝑗 − 𝑘 = 10 and 4𝑗 − 𝑘 = 16 12. 8𝑞 − 15𝑟 = −40 and 4𝑞 + 2𝑟 = 56
Solve the following word problems.
13. Last year, the volleyball team paid $5 per pair for socks and $17 per pair for shorts on a total purchase
of $315. This year, they spent $342 to buy the same number of pairs of socks and shorts because the
socks now cost $6 a pair and the shorts cost $18. How many pairs of socks and shorts did the team buy
each year?
14. Twice a number minus a second number is -1. Twice the second number added to three times the
first number is 9. Find the two numbers.
15. The sum of two numbers is 12. The difference of the same two numbers is -4. Find the two numbers.
16. Two angles are supplementary. The measure of one angle is 20° more than three times the other.
Find the measure of each angle.
Challenge
1. You are running a food stand at a baseball game. You are selling jalapeños and glu-glu. Each jalapeño
costs C$5 and each glu-glu costs C$4. At the end of the night, you made a total of C$1230. You sold a
total of 270 jalapeños and glu-glu combined. You must report the number of jalapeños sold and the
number of glu-glu sold. How many jalapeños were sold and how many glu-glu were sold?
Assessment:
Solve ALL the exercises. Solve the challenge exercise for up to 10 extra points.
Learning Outcome:
Students identify which method is adequate to solve systems of linear equations, in 2 and 3 variables.
Students solve systems of linear equations mathematically and prove answer by graphing the system.

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