Models of history
interpretation or readings of primary
Linear model
-this model is also called providential
fatalistic
-this shows that historical events has
specific beginning and end.
Cyclical model
-this model shows that historical events
can be repeated history repeats itself
Spiral model
-this model asserts that historical events
can't be repeated since we can't go back
to the past
-historical events can have similarities to
each other.
Chaotic view model
-this model emphasizes that there is no
such thing as history since it is not
existing
-further according to this view history can't
be objective for a reason that people do
not know the truth
- history has no pattern
Teodoro A. agoncillo on history.
What history is not bias show me a
historian are real historian or is not bias
history is never objective from Ambeth
Ocampo's looking back.
Primary sources– these are sources
came from accounts of an event
personally written or narrated by an
individual person who directly experience
or participated in the said event.
These materials are considered as
original sources that directly narrate the
details of the events.
Example of primary sources.
Journal, letters, memoirs, journals,
speeches, interviews, government,
publications, artifacts.
Secondary sources- serves as
sources these sources usually containing
analysis of primary sources by experts
academicians and professionals.
Example of secondary sources.
Research paper historical movies
documentaries textbook.
Questions in evaluating the validity of
credibility of sources of historical account:
How did the author know about the given
details? what was the author present at
the event?
how soon was author able to gather the
details of the event?
where did the information come from? is it
a personal experience and i witness
account or report by another person?
did the author conclude based on the
single actors for on many sources of
evidence?
External criticism
It evaluates the sources authenticity of the
document:
it answers the following question:
who is the author of the source? when it
was written/ created?
when it was published?
how many copies does the material has?
was the material forge or edited?
Internal criticism
It evaluates the accuracy factuality and
meaning of the contents in a document.
It answers the following questions:
Are the information provided in the
document are correct and consistent?
How does the author interpret the
particular event?
Was the author present during the time of
data collection?
SIDE NOTES History is never objective
Ambeth ocampo
Definition and relevance of history'
- Define the so called history Ambeth ocampo
• Record of past events - Isang scholar
• Study and doc. Of past - Nagtuturo sa Ateneo
• Investigation of the past events - May tumatawa syang students.
Tinatawanan nila ang salitang kalantiaw
Another history - Trinanslate nila ang kalantiaw sa
- pre history chinese
Difference between history and pre-history - Ka- chew
- Time before the so called history - Lanciao- penis
- Dinosaurs
- Fossils ,Carbon dating Primary
- Carbonates para malaman kung gano Experience ng isnag tao
katanda Nagkakatalo sa iterpretation
-Artifacts, Gawa ng tao Example of primary
Remain ng gawa ng tao
Physically(tools) Goverement publication
As long as gawa ng tao at commonly - Philippine gazette (mga batas na
ginagamit ito ay artifacts inapatupad. Mga nagawang batas. Shcedule
ng holiday)
Biological species or living organism
Aritfacts
Kung gano ka sophisticated ang mga tao. -something na ginamit ng tao
Kung paano sila nabuhay
Chismis: nagbigay ng opinyon
Historiography It is something na di totoo
Called history-history
Pamamaraan para mapag aralan ang history. Histoty
Examin the bg of someone or something May pruweba
May sinasang ayunan at may di sinasnag
Code of Kalantiaw ayuanan

- Ito ay gunagamit para parangalan Secondary sources

ang mga ansa judicial court Pagsasama samahin mo yung mga primary
sa textbook
Ito ay tinatanggap na isang historical
Hindi ito totoo Pano mo kukwestunen ang mga source
Datu bendakara kalantiaw Kung andun ba ang author
Saan galing yung information
Jose E. Marco
- Sa kwentong pinablish nya Internal ang external criticism
- Walang consistency - Authenticity ng dokumento
- Para amalaman mo kung sino ang
may kasalana. Ilublob sa mainit na tubig ang External
dalawang tao na at kung sino ang unag Who is the author
lulutang sya ang may kasalanan When it was created?
- Sa mga libro napublish. Naituro ito When was it publihs?
sa mahabang totoo Was it edited
- Disturbing: di napapatunayan at di
alama ang intensyon ni joe e marco. Internal
Focus sa content .

Limasawa- unang misa

Pinakabeta ang nagsulat

Zues salazar-paraaan sa pagsusualat sa

pagsususlat na tinatawag na pantayoong
pananaw- For the pilipino

Using the perspective of a pilipino

Tignan mula sa mata ng mga pilipino
Gamitin yung karanasan ng pilipino

Perpectibo na nabuo ng mga amerikano

- Pangsilang pananaw
- Americanong pananw

Model of history
- Ang kasaysayana ay isang linear.
May umpisa at katapusan

Cyclical model
Mismong kaganapan sa kasaysakayan ang
umuulit

Ito ay tinatanggap na isang historical

Hindi ito totoo
Datu bendakara kalantiaw

Spiral mode
Hindi umuulit ang ksaysayan, meorn lang
similaritist

Chaotic view model

Depende sa tao kung ano ang tatanggapin ng
mg tao ang katotohanan
Something na di nag eexist
Naglalaro lang sa bibig

History is never objective

Ambeth ocampo