FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING

DESIGN OF STRUCTURES (STEEL AND CONCRETE)
LECTURER: MR. MASERUKA BENEDICTO
GROUP ONE
ASSIGNMENT TWO
01/12/2022

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GROUP MEMBERS

S/ NAME REG. NO SIGNATURE

N
1. Odongo Joseph Job Ekaal BU/UP/2019/1876
2. Fuaola Tracy BU/UP/2019/1833
3. Omoen James BU/UP/2019/3158
4. Baale John Crystom BU/UP/2019/1844
5. Walugembe Samuel BU/UG/2019/0043

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Question.....................................................................................................................................3
2.0 General Plan Of The Plot...........................................................................................................3
3.0 Structure.....................................................................................................................................4
4.0 Design Process...........................................................................................................................5
4.1 Conceptualization......................................................................................................................5
4.2 Investigating the Loads..............................................................................................................5
4.2.1 Dead loads..............................................................................................................................5
4.2.2 Imposed loads.........................................................................................................................6
4.2.3 Wind loads..............................................................................................................................6
4.2.4 Earthquake loads.....................................................................................................................7
5.0 Structural analysis......................................................................................................................7
6.0 Selection of Elements / Sizing...................................................................................................7
7.0 Drawing and Detailing...............................................................................................................7
7.1 Description.................................................................................................................................7
7.2 Fittings.......................................................................................................................................7
7.3 Ground floor..............................................................................................................................8
7.4 First floor...................................................................................................................................8
7.5 3D Architectural drawing........................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

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1.0 Question
For the given plot of land, design a structure to house a five-bedroom house with the following;
 Parking lot with a minimum of four cars
 Pool table, cinema, gaming room
 A swimming pool
 An office
 Pump house for ground water
 A gym, sauna and steam bath

2.0 General Plan of The Plot

(Units are in meters)

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3.0 Structure
An Engineering structure is something that is constructed or built. Structures are composed of
one or more solid elements so arranged that the whole structures as well as their components are
capable of holding themselves without appreciable geometric change during loading and
unloading.
The structure we are to construct is a house, it has foundation elements, tension elements,
compression elements, among others.
To design a structure involves many considerations among which are two major objectives that
must be satisfied:
1. The structure must meet the performance requirement.
2. The structures must carry loads safely.

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4.0 Design Process
Below are the steps we under went to design the storied house.

4.1 Conceptualization
The conceptual framework of the structure was developed with consideration of parameters such
as the position of the access road, the size of the plot and the details that were dictated by the
question.
It was chosen to be a storied building with two floors, because of the limited space and the many
details therein.
The structure faces the access road where the main gate is located.
The swimming pool is located outside for easy management and also to tap the cool breeze. It is
preferred that it is on the windward side of the plot.
The septic tank is located near the parking lot so that in case of emptying, it is easy to access it.
Gable roof was chosen because it provides more water collection abilities.
To have a sustainable supply of water, we have a pump house for ground water so as to have
conjunctive use of ground water and rain water.
A perimeter wall was added to enhance safety and privacy as well.

4.2 Investigating the Loads.

Types of loads acting on a structure are:

1. Dead loads
2. Imposed loads
3. Wind loads
4. Earthquake loads

4.2.1 Dead loads

The first vertical load that is considered is dead load. Dead loads are permanent or stationary
loads which are transferred to structure throughout the life span.

Dead load is primarily due to self weight of structural members, permanent partition walls, fixed
permanent equipment and weight of different materials. It majorly consists of the weight of
roofs, beams, walls and column, ceilings etc. which are otherwise the permanent parts of the
building. Dead loads also include the loads of fixtures that are permanently attached to the
structure

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The calculation of dead loads of each structure are calculated by the volume of each section and
multiplied with the unit weight. Unit weights of some of the common materials are presented in
table below.

More details on this are provided in the take off section of the BOQ.
Material Weight (k N/m3)
Brick Masonry 18.8
Stone Masonry 20.4-26.5
Plain Cement Concrete 24
Reinforced Cement Concrete 24
Timber 5-8

4.2.2 Imposed loads

The second vertical load that is considered in design of a structure is imposed loads or live loads.

Live loads are either movable or moving loads with out any acceleration or impact. These loads
are assumed to be produced by the intended use or occupancy of the building including weights
of movable partitions or furniture etc. Live loads keep on changing from time to time.

The weight of occupants, snow and vehicles, construction equipment which are to be removed
after construction are some of the live loads that we expect.

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4.2.3 Wind loads
Wind load is primarily horizontal load caused by the movement of air relative to earth. Wind
load is required to be considered in structural design especially when the heath of the building
exceeds two times the dimensions transverse to the exposed wind surface.
For low rise building say up to four to five stories, the wind load is not critical because the
moment of resistance provided by the continuity of floor system to column connection and walls
provided between columns are sufficient to accommodate the effect of these forces.

4.2.4 Earthquake loads

Earthquake forces constitute to both vertical and horizontal forces on the building.
The total vibration caused by earthquake may be resolved into three mutually perpendicular
directions, usually taken as vertical and two horizontal directions. T
he movement in vertical direction do not cause forces in superstructure to any significant extent.
But the horizontal movement of the building at the time of earthquake is to be considered while
designing.

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5.0 Structural analysis
Once the basic form of the structure and the external loads are defined, a structural analysis can
be made to determine the internal forces in various members of the structure and the
displacements at some controlling points.
When live loads are involved, it is important to determine the maximum possible stresses in each
member being considered.

6.0 Selection of Elements / Sizing

The selection of suitable sizes and shapes of members and their connections depends on the
results of the stress analysis together with the design provisions of the specifications or codes.
A trial-and-error approach may be used in the search for proportioning of elements that will be
both economical and adequate.
A sound knowledge of strength of materials and process of fabrication is also essential.
Some factors considered when selection materials are; Cost, Climate, Durability, Availability,
Sustainabilityy, Maintenance

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 7.0 Drawing and Detailing.
Once the makeup of each part of the structure has been determined, the last stage of design can
begin.

7.1 Description
This house is storied with two floors, a perimeter wall, external swimming pool, main gate, back
gate, parking lot, water storage tank, with a pump house.

7.2 Fittings
This section includes the parts of the building that will be placed into the walls.

Fitting Number Specification (mm)

External doors 4 2100 by 2000
Internal doors 5 2100 by 2000
Main door 1 4200 by 2100
Flush doors 6 2100 by 2000
Windows 16 1800 by 1000
Main gate 1 4200 by 6000
Back gate 1 3000 by 6000

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7.3 Ground floor
(Units are in meters)

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7.4 First floor
(Units are in meters)

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7.5 3D Architectural drawing

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REFERENCES
https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/types-of-loads-on-structure/1698/
lecture notes

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