Q1. What is a constant voltage source?

Q2. What is a constant current source?

Q3. What is an independent voltage source?

Q4. What is a current-dependent voltage source

Q5. Is it possible to have a votage-dependent current source OR a current-dependent voltage

source?

Q6. When you want to thevenise a source network between two specified terminals A and B,what
are the TWO steps you would follow? Please give a clear answer.

Q7. Do you have any idea about Source conversion? How would you convert a voltage source
supplying 20V with a resistance of 5Ωin series to an equivalent current source?

Q8. Do you think the Thevenin and Norton equivalents of any source network are identical in ALL
RESPECTS?( If you think there are differences,you may give a suitable justification).

Q9. If you wish to short two terminals A & B of a given network you will need to connect these two
teminals by a wire.Would you choose a wire which is very thin or would you choose a wire with a
large cross-setion? Give a justification for your answer. (Proper answer: An ideal short has zero
resistance.A copper bar ,with a large cross section,behaves as an ideal short)

Q10. What is done to dependent voltage and current sources while calculating the value of Rth ?
Q11. What is(usually)the coil resistance of an ammeter? Is it very low or very high? Justify your
answer. ( Ideally the coil resistance of an ammeter is chosen to be very low,so that when it is
immersed in any branch of a circuit the current to be measured is not altered appreciably. The
voltage across a resistor is to be measured by a voltmeter.

Q12. What would happen if you were to connect the voltmeter in series with the resist or? Justify
your answer

Q13. How does one Nortonise a source network between two specified terminals A and B.You may
give the main steps briefly.

Q14. Can you set up an experiment to verify Ohm’s Law in the laboratory? What kind of graph would
you plot?( I vs V) or (V vs I)?

Q15. There are two parameters (called) P and Q. If you have to plot a graph of Q vs P,which
parameter would you put on the vertical axis?

Q16. Can you give an example from real life of a constant current source? Please go ahead if you
can. ( A car battery nearing its end of life behaves as a constant current source)

Q.17. Have you heard the term ‘conductance’? What is the unit of conductance? Give the value of
the conductance of a resistor whose resistance is 10Ω

Q18. A resistor has a resistance of 50Ω.What is its conductance?

Q19. A Wattmeter generally has two coils. What do the terms CC and PC mean as applied to these
two coils?

Q20. Explain why a fuse is generally included in an electric circuit,especially containing expensive
equipment, like a refrigerator,for example.
Q21. Suppose in a real lab situation you have to connect two terminals which are displaced by about
12 feet. You look around for wires and find that the longest wire is 8 feet and the shortest is 6 feet.
What would you do? (You are not allowed to join wires .Assume that you have access to some
electrical instruments,with free terminals, on your lab table)

Q22.In the following equation(with usual symbols) what is the name given to the constant ‘α’
appearing inside the bracketed expression? RT=R0 [1+α (T−T0 )]

Q23. Have you heard of an expression called ‘resistivity’? (also called specific resistance).What is the
unit for this physical quantity.Give its physical significance?

Q24. What is the charge carried by a single electron? ( Students must answer : −1.6(10) −19C.The
negative sign must be mentioned)

Q25. What is the charge carried by a single proton? ( Students must answer : +1.6 (10) −19C.The
positive sign must be mentioned)

Q26. Can you state the name of the rule that helps to determine the direction of the magnetic field
set up by a straight current-carrying conductor? ( There are two correct answers to this question
namely Ampere’s right hand rule or the Biot –Savart law)

Q27. How many protons are needed to make up a charge of 1coulomb?

Q28. Can you define an ampere? If you can please go ahead! ( The only acceptable answer is : One
ampere is the current flowing through two parallel conductors ,separated by one metre,capable of
producing a force of 2x10−7newton between them)

Q29. If you need to use an ammeter in the (real) laboratory for some experiment,what precautions
would you take? [ The range (say 0-5A) and type (AC/DC) of the meter must be checked carefully]

Q30. What is a multimeter? What precautions would you take before starting to use a multimeter?
[ selection of mode,according to the parameter to be measured(AC/DC,I,V, Ω) ,and selection of a
proper range ]

Q31. State Kirchhoff’s current law.What is the physical significance of this law?

Q32. State Kirchhoff’s voltage law.

Q33. Do you have an idea of a meter that is classed as’PMMC’? What does this abbreviation stand
for?

Q34. A galvanometer is used to detect weak currents,of the order of a few milliamperes.Is it possible
to convert this to an ammeter to read upto ( say ) 10A? How is this achieved?

Q35. A galvanometer is used to detect weak currents,of the order of a few milliamperes.Is it possible
to convert this instrument to a voltmeter to read upto ( say ) 200V? How would you achieve this?

Q36.What is the meaning of the term rms,as app[ied to an AC voltage or current?

Q37. What does the abbreviation ‘MI’ stand for,as applied to electrical measuring instruments?

Q38. In a thevenised source-network(VTh, RTh¿ what should be value of the load resistance RL so
that the source delivers maximum power to the load. Is the condition also the condition for
maximum efficiency with which power is delivered to the load?You may justify your answer

Q39.If an alternating sinusoidal supply system has a peak value of 170 V,what will its RMS value be?
Q40. How is the term ‘form factor’ (as applied to AC supply systems) defined? Does it have any
significance? You may explain.

Q41. What is the term usually reserved for the rotating part of a DC machine?

Q42. What is the function of the casing in any DC machine?

Q43. Where would you expect to find the casing in a typical DC machine?

Q44. Can the SAME DC machine be used as a generator as well as a motor or do you think minor
alternations (inside the machine) are necessary?

Q45. What are the different types of field connections that can be provided to a DC motor?

Q46. What is the meaning of the expression ‘cumulative’ compounding as applied to the circuit in
which the field coil(s) are connected in a DC motor?

Q47. What is the meaning of the expression ‘differential’ compounding as applied to the way in
which the field coil(s) are connected in a DC motor?

Q48. Explain briefly why a DC shunt motor needs a (usually) 3-point starter to be connected to the
circuit.

Q49. What is the function of the starter when a DC motor,to which the starter is connected,reaches
steady-state operating conditions.

Q51. Explain the role of residual magnetism in the field coil of a DC shunt generator. Can a DC
generator do without this residual magnetism?

Q52. Define the term ‘form factor’ in an alternating supply system?

Q53. What is the relationship between the rms value of a purely sinusoidal wave and its peak value?

Q54. Consider a water-heater circuit,fed from a 220V source.If the resistance of the lead-in cable
from the source to the heating coil is 2Ω,what is the efficiency of the heating system?Consider the
heater coil to have a resistance of 200 Ω ( HINT: find how much power is delivered by the source and
compute the power delivered to the heating coil.These figures will give you some idea about the
efficiency). In particular,consider what will happen to the efficiency as the condition RL≫ RThis
realised.? ( The efficiency will almost be 100%)

Q55. While computing the equivalent RTh( of a given source network) what is done to the ideal
independent voltage sources?

Q56. While computing the equivalent RTh( of a given source network) what is done to the ideal
(dependent) voltage sources?

Q57. While computing the equivalent RTh( of a given source network) what is done to the ideal
(dependent) current sources

Q58. While computing the equivalent RTh( of a given source network) what is done to the ideal
(independent) current sources?

Q59. For the same source network,state the relationship between the equivalent RTh and RN
( symbols have their usual meanings)
Q60. How should a solenoid of multiple turns be wound so that it behaves (almost) like a pure
resistor? ( here students should say:: The winding must be non-inductive: they should amplify the
meaning of non-inductive winding)

Q61. Which physical quantity has the electron-volt ( eV)as its unit? How is 1 eV defined? Is the
electron-Volt (eV) a very large or a very small unit?

Q62. What is the relationship between a joule and an eV?

Q63. A filament lamp is rated at (240V,100W). What is the rated current through it ,when operated
at the rated conditions? What will be the reduction in its light output if the voltage dips to 200V?

Q64. A filament lamp is rated at (240V,100W). What is the rated current through it ,when operated
at 50% of its rated voltage?

Q65. A filament lamp is rated at (200V,100W). It is connected to a supply source that is found to
supply only 160V.What will happen to the light output? You may give the increase or decrease as a
%age of the rated light output .

Q66.If the rms value of an AC voltage is 120V,what is the peak voltage?

Q67. Explain clearly the concept of root-meansquare(d) value of a time-varying signal.

Q68. Is it true that the terms ‘rms’ value and ‘peak’ value apply only to sinusoidal signals? Justify
your answer.

Q69. What is the rms value of a DC supply voltage of 220V.State also its peak value.

Q70. Can you state the colour code of a 35Ω carbon resistor,if the resistor is manufactured with a
tolerance level of 10%

Q71. Have you heard of resistors whose resistance falls with a rise in temperature? Give an example
of such a resistor. State at least one material whose resistance decreases with a rise in temperature.

Q72. Can you give an example of a bimetallic thermal sensor? Where would you find such a sensor
being used?

Q73.( If this question is c/ A 1kW,10 litre geyser is kept switched on for 15minutes. The initial
temperature of the water is 150C. What will be the temperature of the water when the geyser is
switched off ?( You may round your answer off to one decimal place)

Q74 Do you have any idea about a Wheatstone Bridge? What is it used for?

Q75. . Do you have any idea about Source conversion? How would you convert a current source
supplying 4A to an equivalent voltage source ?Assume the value of the resistor parallel to the
current source to be 10Ω. (Please state the magnitude of the constant voltage and also state the
value of the resistance,to be connected in series)

Q76. State the SI units of electrical energy and electrical power.

Q77. Explain the concept of using two coils in a wattmeter. What are the names given to the two
coils?

Q78. Have you heard of an item called ‘variac’? If you know about it you may go ahead & state its
purpose.Why is it called thus?
Q77. What is a transformer used for? Can you name any equipment( which you know) that has a
transformer.

Q78. Differentiate between an active circuit element and a passive elment.

Q79. Is a capacitor an active circuit element or is it a passive element? You can justify your answer.

Q80. What is a bilateral element? Give an example.

Q81. What is a phasor? What is the phase angle between the current and voltage phasors in a purely
inductive circuit? ( Students are expcted to state which quantity is the leading phasor)

Q82. What is a phasor? What is the phase angle between the current and voltage phasors in a purely
capacitive circuit? ( Students are expcted to state which quantity is the leading phasor)

Q83. All of you must have seen camera men using flashbulbs for night photography.These flashbulbs
provide a large quantity of light needed for proper night photography.Where does the large amount
energy come from?

Q84. What is power factor.

Q85. If a resistor is supplied with a sinusoidal AC voltage what is the power factor?

Q86. Distinguish beteen ‘active’ and ‘reactive’ power.

Q87. What is the ‘active’ power component in a pure inductor,when it is connected to a purely
sinusoidal AC supply?

Q88. What is the ‘active’ power component in a purely capacitive element,when it is connected to a
purely sinusoidal AC supply?

Q89. What is the ‘reactive’ power component in a pure resisitor,when it is connected to a purely
sinusoidal AC supply?

Q90. Are you familiar with a three-phase supply system?If you are, you may go ahead and give some
idea.

Q91. How is a balanced 3-phase supply system realised?

Q92. What is the function of a commutator in a rotating generator?

Q93. A new battery gives a terminal voltage of 12V. If it is kept unused for a period of (say) two
years,what will happen to the output terminal voltage? You may explain. Q94. A filament lamp is
rated at (240V,100W). What is the rated current through it ,when operated at the rated supply
voltage? What will Done by Prof. Arun Kr. Chatterjee Department of BSH and EE Institute of
Engineering & Management Sector – 5, Salt Lake Kolkata - 700091 be the increase in its light output
if the voltage rises to 264V? Assume that the filament is able to sustain this increased voltage.( in
other words the filament does not SNAP!!) Q95. How long can a car battery supply a car lamp with a
reduction in light output not exceeding 50%? Q96 What is the purpose of the open-circuit test on a
transformer? Q97. While conducting the open circuit test on a single phase transformer rated at
110V/220V,50Hz,500 VA,which side is connected to the mains,and how much voltage is applied to
the selected coil? Q98. While conducting the open circuit test on a single phase transformer rated at
110V/220V,50Hz,500 VA,it is found that the current drawn from the source is very small,compared
to the full load conditions? Why is this so? Done by Prof. Arun Kr. Chatterjee Department of BSH and
EE Institute of Engineering & Management Sector – 5, Salt Lake Kolkata - 700091 Q99. What is
‘windage’ loss in a generator? Q100. How does the core loss in a transformer change with the level
of loading? ( For all practical purposes the core loss does not change with the level of loading) Q101.
What does the short-circuit test carried out on a transformer measure? Q102. What does the short-
circuit test carried out on a transformer measure? If the short circuit test on a single phase
transformer rated at 110V/220V,50Hz,500 VA were to be carried out in a lab,which side would you
connect to the supplty source? How much voltage would you apply ? Justify your answer. Q103.
Does the I 2 Rloss of a transformer depend on the ‘amount’ of load? In what way ? Q104. If the load
on a transformer’s output side is halved ,how does the copper loss(es) change? You may give your
answer as a % age of the fullload copper loss(es) Done by Prof. Arun Kr. Chatterjee Department of
BSH and EE Institute of Engineering & Management Sector – 5, Salt Lake Kolkata - 700091 Q105.
What is eddy current? Are eddy currents useful,in general? Justify your answer,whatever it is. Q106.
In a transformer is the transfer of energy from the primary to the secondary( or viceversa) through
electric coupling or magnetic coupling ? ( or BOTH?) Q107. An alternating voltage input(v) is given by
the equation : v(t) = V m sinωt. Is the quantity V m CONSTANT or is it time dependent? [ If your
answer is time-dependent,please state the equation of dependence) Q108. What is the function of a
commutator in a DC machine Q109. Can the commutator be called a mechanical rectifier? Q110.
What is ‘back emf’ in a motor. How does it come to play? Q111. In a DC motor what is the order of
magnitude of the resistance of the armature. Is it very low or very high? Done by Prof. Arun Kr.
Chatterjee Department of BSH and EE Institute of Engineering & Management Sector – 5, Salt Lake
Kolkata - 700091 Q112. A filament lamp is rated at (240V,100W). What will be the increase in its light
output if the voltage rises to 264V? Assume that the filament can tolerate this extra voltage without
snapping/(breaking) Q113. What is a tachometer? What is its function Q 114. What is the difference
between a DC series motor and a DC shunt motor? Q 115. What is a DC motor with a compounde
field winding? Q 116. Do you know what are the two (main types) of compound winding for the
field? Q 117. What is a differentially compound field winding? Q 118. What is a cumulatively
compound field winding? Q 119. What is the difference between an autotransformer and a
conventional transformer? Q 120. What is the function of a variac? Done by Prof. Arun Kr. Chatterjee
Department of BSH and EE Institute of Engineering & Management Sector – 5, Salt Lake Kolkata -
700091 Q 121. Do you think a variac can be of any use in a DC circuit? Please justify your answer. Q
122. Please state the superposition theorem. Q 123. In an AC supply that is purely sinusoidal,what is
the average value over one full cycle? Q 124. In an AC supply that is purely sinusoidal,what is the
average value over one half cycle? Q 125. Differentiate between a half-wave rectifier and a full-wave
rectifier. Q 126. Can a DC motor be used as a DC generator? Justify your answer. Q 127. Can a DC
generator be used as a DC motor? Justify your answer. Q 128. Can a step-up transformer be used as
a step-down transformer? Justify your answer. Q 129. Can a step-down transformer be used as a
step-up transformer? Justify your answer. Q 130. In an experiment you are asked to plot speed
versus torque of a DC motor. What would the horizontal axis represent,speed or torque? Done by
Prof. Arun Kr. Chatterjee Department of BSH and EE Institute of Engineering & Management Sector –
5, Salt Lake Kolkata - 700091 Q 131. What is the full form of MCB? What is its function? Done by
Prof. Arun Kr. Chatterje