Weekly Current affairs ( 3 July – 9 July 2022)

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 An Open Letter
उ"यमेन (ह *स",यि.त काया23ण न मनोरथैः। न(ह स<ु त=य *संह=य मख
ु े @Aवशि.त मग
ृ ाः

UPSC Preparation is all about hard work, yet seeing the competition, it warrants Strategic and Smart Work too.

Let’s take the first step of becoming an Aspirant and then we can explore how wonderful this journey could be.

Albeit you require some Special Ingredient for the UPSC Journey, but to your surprise, that Special thing is “You”
Only. Just a realization is needed and then the whole strategy and schedule can be unfurled. You can feel
The happiness even today and set gear to your preparation. You can set happiness all around you, starting from
Your parents and friends. The only thing needed is realization.

Allow me to run along with you on the track to your dreams and spread positivity all around. Let’s make a strategy
Unique to you as per your time. Devote yourself on the strategy and you will be 70% there.

And You can start with a promise to me and Yourself , that you won’t stop.

Your Companion
Chandramouli Chandramouli Sir
 The News -> Regulating Nitrate Absorption in Plants
काम क$ बात(
Identifying Genes : R444 (micro-
RNA) called MADS27 in both rice
and tobacco plants à Regulates
nitrate absorption by switching
on the proteins involved
काम क$ बात(
Nitrate Imbalance à Less or No
Nitrates --> leads to the amount
of chlorophyll in leaves reduces
i.e. leaves turn pale green or
yellow colour
-- Yield Reduces
-- If Excess Nitates à causes
iron deficiency in plant leaves
Chandramouli Sir
कहानी अभी बाक* है
•Nitrogen is usable only after it is fixed. Nitrogen
fixation is a process where bacteria convert N2into
ammonia, a form of nitrogen usable by plants.
•Non-symbiotic bacteria or free-living bacteria-
Azobacter and Beijemickia (aerobic); Clostridium
and Rhodosprillium (anaerobic).
•Symbiotic bacteria- Rhizobium– live in association
with leguminous root nodule plants.
•Some cyanobacteria, blue-green algae (Nostoc,
Anabaena, Spirulina) are major sources of nitrogen
fixation in oceans.
•The lightning and UV radiation also provide enough
energy to convert nitrogen to nitrogen oxides.
•The industrial process like fertilizer factories also
accomplish nitrogen fixation
Chandramouli Sir
•Ammonium ions are directly taken up by some
plants while most absorb nitrates obtained by
oxidizing ammonia and ammonium ions.
•Ammonium ions are first oxidized to nitrite
by Nitrosomonas/ Nitrococcus bacteria.
•Nitrite is then oxidized to nitrate by Nitrobacter
bacteria (chemoautotrophs).
•Plants absorb these nitrates and convert them
into amino acids.
•Soil and oceans have denitrifying bacteria like
Pseudomonas and Thiobacillus which convert
nitrate/nitrites to elemental nitrogen.
•This nitrogen is released into the atmosphere
completing the cycle.
)ान कोष à

Symbiotic bacteria are bacteria which live in a

symbiotic relationship with other organisms. It is a
form in which both the host and pathogen are
benefited like rhizobium bacteria associated with root
nodules. Here, plants provide shelter to rhizobium
bacteria and the bacteria helps in nitrogen fixation.

Rhizobium, associated with leguminous plants (e.g.,

various members of the pea family); Frankia, associated
with certain dicotyledonous species (actinorhizal plants);
and certain Azospirillum species, associated with cereal
grasses.

Chandramouli Sir
Chandramouli Sir
The News -> Landslide in Manipur

काम कF बातH

About 12.6% of Indian land mass is prone

to landslides, with Himalayan (due to high
seismicity due to plate tectonic
movement etc.) and Western Ghats (due
to concentrated rainfall, overburdening of
hills etc.) regions particularly prone.

Chandramouli Sir
 )ान कोष à
NDMA guidelines on Landslides
and Snow Avalanches
The main objectives of the NDMA
guidelines are to institutionalize
the landslide hazard mitigation
efforts, to make society aware of
the various aspects of landslide
hazard in the country and to
prepare the society to take
suitable action to reduce both
risks and costs associated with
this hazard. The
recommendations include:
Landslide mitigation
1.By restricting or even removing the
population from landslides prone areas.
2.By restricting certain types of land use
where slopes are vulnerable.
3.By installing early warning systems
based on the monitoring of ground
conditions such as strain in rocks and
soils, slope displacement, and
groundwater levels.
Chandramouli Sir
 The NDMA Guidelines

•Continuously updating the inventory of landslide incidences affecting the country.

•Landslide hazard zonation mapping in macro and meso scales after consultation with the
Border Road Organization, State government and local communities.
•Pilot projects to be taken up in different regions of the country to carry out detailed studies
and monitoring of selected landslides to assess their stability status and estimate risk.
•Setting pace setter examples for stabilisation of slides and also setting up early warning
systems depending on the risk evaluation and cost-benefit ratio.
•Complete site-specific studies of major landslides and plan treatment measures and
encourage state governments to continue these measures.
•Setting up of institutional mechanisms for generating awareness and preparedness about
landslide hazard among various stakeholders.
•Enhancing landslide education, training of professionals and capacity development of
organisations working in the field of landslide management.
•Capacity development and training to make the response regime more effective.
•Development of new codes and guidelines on landslide studies and revision of existing
ones.
•Establishment of an autonomous national centre for landslide research, studies and
management.
Chandramouli Sir
To be continued….

Chandramouli Sir