Bangladesh-Affairs (WWW - Studybd.net)

Av‡jvKewZ©Kv
¯^í mg‡q wewmGm Gi mwVK cÖ¯‘wZi mnvwqKv
iPbv I m¤úv`bv
Wv. †gv. kvnv`vZ †nv‡mb
Wv. †gv. Avwidzi ingvb
Wv. †gv. AvwZKzi ingvb (Av`bvb)
Wv. †gv. BgwZqvR DwÏb (iæ‡ej)
Wv. Gg. gwbiæ¾vgvb
eBwUi ‰ewkó¨
o wewmGm Gi bZzb wm‡jev‡mi Av‡jv‡K ˆZwi
o 41Zg wewmGm Ges Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvc~Y© cixÿvi Rb¨ mnvwqKv
o mv¤úªwZK mKj Z‡_ï me©‡kl ms‡hvRb
o AcÖ‡qvRbxq Z‡_ï evûj¨ ewR©Z
o wewmGm wcÖwji Av`‡j 5wU c~Y©v½ g‡Wj †U÷
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evsjv‡`k welqvejx Av‡jvKewZ©Kv
evsjv‡`k welqvejx
wel‡qi bvg t- evsjv‡`k welqvewj gvb
c~Y©gvb t- 30 e›Ub
evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq welqvewj
cÖvPxbKvj n‡Z mg-mvgwqK Kv‡ji BwZnvm, K…wó I ms¯‹…wZ| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i
BwZnvm, fvlv Av‡›`vjb, 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vPb, Qq-`dv Av‡›`vjb 1966, MY Afy¨_vb 1968-
69, 1970 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vPb, Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb 1971, 7 gv‡P©i HwZnvwmK fvlY, 06
¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv, gywRebMi miKv‡ii MVb I Kvh©vewj, gyw³hy‡×i iY‡KŠkj, gyw³hy‡× e„nr
kw³e‡M©i f~wgKv, cvK evwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©Y Ges evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`q|
evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlR m¤ú`
km¨ Drcv`b Ges Gi eûgyLxKiY, Lv`¨ Drcv`b I eë¯’vcbv 03
RbmsL¨v
evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v, Av`gïgvwi, RvwZ, †Mvôx I DcRvwZ msµvšÍ welqvw` 03
evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ
Dbœqb cwiKíbv †cÖwÿZ I cÂevwl©Kx, RvZxq Avq-e¨vq, ivR¯^ bxwZ I evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wP, 03
`vwi`ª we‡gvPb BZ¨vw`
evsjv‡`‡ki wkí I evwYR¨
wkí Drcv`b, cY¨ Avg`vwb I ißvwbKiY, Mv‡g©›Um wkí I Gi mvwe©K eë¯’vcbv, ê‡`wkK 03
†jb-‡`b, A_© †cÖiY, e¨vsK I exgv eë¯’vcbv BZ¨vw`
evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb
cÖ¯Ívebv I êwkó¨, †gŠwjK AwaKvimn ivóª cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZmg~n, msweav‡bi ms‡kvabxmg~n 03
evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK eë¯’v
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m¤úK©vw`, mykxj mgvR I Pvc m„wóKvix †Mvôxmg~n Ges G‡ì f~wgKv
evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi eë¯’v
AvBb kvmb I wePvi wefvMmg~n, AvBb cÖYqb, bxwZ wba©viY, RvZxq I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡qi 03
cÖkvmwbK eë¯’vcbv KvVv‡gv, cÖkvmwbK cybwe©m¨vm I ms¯‹vi
evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq AR©b, wewkó e¨w³Z¡, ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖwZôvb I ¯’vcbvmg~n, RvZxq cyi¯‹vi, 03
evsjv‡`‡ki †Ljvayjv, PjwPÎ, MYgva¨g-mswkøó welqvw`
me©‡gvU 30
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cÖvPxbKvj n‡Z mgmvgwqK Kv‡ji BwZnvm, K…wó I ms¯‹…wZ
ev½vwj RvwZi D™¢e I weKvk
evOvwj RvwZ
Avh© Abvh©
‡bwMÖUv Aw÷ªK `ªvweo †fvUPxbxq

 cÖvq cvuP nvRvi eQi c~‡e© B‡›`vPxb ‡_‡K Avmvg n‡q evsjvq cÖ‡ek K‡i Aw÷ªK RvwZ ‡bwMÖ‡Uv‡ì
DrLvZ K‡i|
 Aw÷ªK RvwZi mg‡q `ªvweo RvwZ G‡`‡k Av‡m Ges mf¨Zvq DbœZ e‡j Zviv Aw÷ªK RvwZ‡K MÖvm K‡i|
 Aw÷ªK-`ªvweo RvwZi mv‡_ g‡½vjxq ev †fvUPxbxq RvwZi mswgkÖb N‡U|
 Aw÷ªK `ªvweo Rb‡Mvwói wgkÖ‡Y ‡h RvwZi cÖevn PjwQj Zvi mv‡_ Avh© RvwZ G‡m hy³ n‡q M‡o Zzj‡Q
evOvwj RvwZ|
Avh© RvwZ
 fviZe‡l© Avh©‡ì AvMgb nq wLªóc~e© 1400 ev 1500 A‡ã|

 Avh©‡ì Avw` wbevm wQj BDivj ce©‡Zi `wÿ‡Y eZ©gv‡b ga¨ Gwkqv †_‡K Biv‡b|
 Avh©‡ì ag© mbvZb|
 Avh©‡ì ag©MÖš’ †e`|
 Avh©iv me©cÖ_g emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i wmÜz we‡aŠZ AÂ‡j|
Avh©c~e© RvwZ
 Avh©c~e© RvwZ Pvi cÖKvi|

1. †bwMÖUv
2. Aw÷ªK
3. `ªvweo
4. ‡fvUPxbxq
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvPxbZg RvwZ Aw÷ªK ev Avw` A‡÷ªjxq|
 evOvwj RvwZ g~jZ GKwU msKi RvwZ|
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 b„ZvwË¡Kfv‡e evOvwjiv Avw`-A‡÷ªjxq bi‡Mvôx|
evsjvi cÖvPxb Rbc`
 evsjv bv‡g GKwU ALÛ †`‡ki Rb¥ A‡bK¸‡jv Rbc‡ì ga¨ w`‡q|
 ‡MŠi, e½ Ggb 10 wU Rbc‡ì bvg Rvbv hvq|
 Rbc`¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cyÛª me‡P‡q cÖvPxb|
 cvwbwbi MÖ‡š’ me©cÖ_g Ô†MŠ‡iiÕ D‡jøL cvIqv hvq|
 Kvwj`v‡mi MÖ‡š’ Ôe½Õ Rbc‡ì D‡jøL cvIqv hvq|
 ÒHwZ‡iq AviY¨KÕÕ MÖ‡š’ me©cÖ_g Ôe½Õ k‡ãi D‡jøL cvIqv hvq|
 cÖvPxb fviZxq BwZnvm MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg Kjn‡bi †jLv ÔivRZiw½bxÕ|
 †gŠh© Avgj †_‡K ïiæ K‡i cieZx© A‡bK NUbv we‡kl K‡i Kvwk¥‡ii ivRv‡ì Kvwnbx we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bv
†jLK ivRZivw½bx MÖ‡š’ w`‡q‡Qb|
cÖvPxb Rbc` eZ©gvb Ae¯’v
e½ e„nËi XvKv, gqgbwmsn, dwi`cyi, ewikvj I cUzqvLvwj AÂj
cyÛª e„nËi e¸ov (gnv¯’vbMo), ivRkvnx, iscyi I w`bvRcyi AÂj|
e‡i›`ª ivRkvnx wefv‡Mi DËi-cwðgvsk, e¸ovi cwðgvsk, iscyi I w`bvRcy‡ii wKQz Ask|
mgZU e„nËi Kzwgjøv I e„nËi †bvqvLvjx AÂj|
ivp eZ©gvb cwðge‡½i ea©gvb †Rjvi `wÿY As‡k wQj iv‡pi Ae¯’vb| iv‡pi Av‡iK bvg
wQj my²|
P›`ª`¦xc ewikvj, cUzqvLvwj, ev‡cinvU, Lyjbv I ‡MvcvjMÄ|
‡MŠo gvj`n, gywk©ev`, exif~g, ea©gvb I PvucvBbeveMÄ
nwi‡Kj cve©Z¨ wm‡jU, PÆMÖvg I cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg AÂj|
kÖxnÆ wm‡jU AÂj|
Zv¤ªwjwc nwi‡K‡ji DË‡i eZ©gvb †g‡`bxcyi †Rjvi ZgjyKvB wQj Zv¤ªvwjwci cªvY‡K›`ª|
cÖvPxb Kvj
 cÖvPxb fviZxq mf¨Zv M‡o I‡VwQj wmÜy b`xi Zx‡i|

 Avh©‡ì Avwèvm wQj BD‡iv‡ci BDivj ce©‡Zi `wÿ‡Yi Z…Yf~wg GjvKvq|
 cÖvPxb evsjv eywbqv` M‡o D‡VwQj Avh©c~e© hy‡M|
 Avh©iv evsjvq cÖ‡ek K‡i fviZe‡l© cÖ‡e‡ki 14 kZ eQi c‡i|
 ‡gwm‡Wvwbqvi mg&vª U Av‡jKRvÛvi fviZel© AvµgY K‡i⎯ 327 wLª÷cy‡e© |
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‡gŠh© esk
 fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖ_g m¤ªv‡Rï bvg †gŠh© mg&ªvR¨|

 cÖwZôvZv n‡jb P›`ª¸ß †gŠh©|
 P›`ª¸ß ‡gŠh© fvi‡Zi cÖ_g m¤ªvU|
 PvYK¨ n‡jb P›`ª¸ß ‡gŠ‡h©i cÖavbgš¿x|
 PvY‡Kï weL¨vZ QÙbvg †KŠwUj¨, hv wZwb Zuvi weL¨vZ ms¯‹…Z MÖš’ ÔA_©kv¯¿Õ †_‡K MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|
 ‡gŠh© es‡ki Z…Zxq m¤ªvU wQ‡jb A‡kvK|
 ÔKwj‡½i hy×Õ m¤ªvU A‡kv‡Ki Rxe‡b wQj GK gvBj‡÷vb|
 Zuv‡K Ô†eŠ× a‡g©i Kb÷¨vbUvBbÕ ejv nq|
¸ß esk
 ¸ß hyM‡K cÖvPxb fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki ¯^Y©hyM ejv nq|

 ¸ß m¤ªv‡Rï cÖwZôvZv cÖ_g P›`ª¸ß|
 ¸ß m¤ªv‡Rï †MvovcËb nq wLª÷c~e© 320 A‡ã|
 ‡gMvw¯’wbm (350 wLª.c~. Ñ 290 wLª.c~.) wQ‡jb cÖvPxb wMÖ‡mi GKRb cwieªvRK (ch©UK)| wZwb K‡qK
eQi G‡`‡k Ae¯’vb K‡i †gŠh© kvmb m¤ú‡K© Avi AwfÁZv ÔBwÛKvÕ bvgK MÖ‡š’ wjwce× K‡ib|
 ¸ß es‡ki †kô m¤ªvU wQ‡jb mgy`ª ¸ß|
 mgy`ª ¸ß wQ‡jb ¸ß es‡ki †kªô ivRv Zv‡K ÔcÖvPxb fvi‡Zi †b‡cvwjqbÕ ejv nq|
 wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi Dcvwa wQj weµgvw`Z¨ ev wmsnweµg|
 P›`ª¸‡ßi ivRavbx wQj cvUvwjcy‡Î|
 Avh©fÆ Ab¨ mevi Av‡M c„w_exi AvwýK I evwl©K MwZ wbY©q K‡ib| Avh©f‡Æi MÖ‡š’i bvg ÔAvh© wm×všÍÕ|
 Px‡bi ch©UK Ôdv-wn‡qbÕ Dcgnv‡`‡k AvMgb K‡ib wØZxq P›`ª¸‡ßi Avg‡j|
 Ô‡gMvw¯’wbmÕ wQ‡jb P›`ª¸‡ßi ‡gŠ‡h©i ivRmfvi wMÖK `~Z|
‡MŠo esk
 ¸ßes‡ki cZ‡bi ci evsjvq `ywU ¯^vaxb ivRï D™¢e nq|

 Gi GKwU wQj cÖvPxb Ôe½ ivR¨Õ|
 wØZxq ¯^vaxb iv‡Rï bvg Ô†MŠoÕ|
 ¯^vaxb e½ ivR¨ Avg‡ji 7wU Zv¤ª wjwc cvIqv ‡M‡Q|
 ¸ß ivRv‡ì Aax‡b eo ‡Kvb AÂ‡ji kvmbKZv©‡K ejv nZ ÔgnvmvgšÍÕ |
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 kkvs‡Ki Dcvwa wQj ivRvwaivR|

 wZwb wQ‡jb evsjvi cÖ_g ¯^vaxb I mve©‡fŠg ivRv|
 kkvsK ivRavbx ¯’vcb K‡ib KY©mye‡Y©|
 GwU wQj eZ©gvb gywk©`vev` †Rjvq|
 nl©ea©b cyl¨f~wZ es‡ki †kÖô ivRv|
 evbf‡Æi weL¨vZ MÖš’ Ônl©PwiZ|
 gnv¯’wie kxjf`ª (529-654 wLª.) ‡eŠ× kv‡¯¿i GKRb kv¯¿Á Ges `vk©wbK wQ‡jb|
 bvjv›`v fvi‡Zi wenvi ivR¨ Aew¯’Z GKwU cÖvPxb D”Pwkÿv †K›`ª|
 BD‡qb mvO mn AwaKvsk HwZnvwm‡Ki g‡Z bvjv›`v wek¦we`¨vjq ¯’vwcZ n‡qwQj ¸ß m¤ªvU kµvw`‡Zï
(Aci bvg Kzgvi ¸ß, ivRZ¡Kvj 415-455 Aã) mg‡q |
 1193 mv‡j ZzwK© †mbvcwZ eLwZqvi LjRx bvj›`v gnvwenvi aŸsm K‡i †d‡jb|
cvj esk
 kkvs‡Ki ci `xN©w`b evsjvq †Kvb †hvM¨ kvmK wQjbv| d‡j ivR¨ wek„•Ljv I AivRKZv †`Lv ‡`q|
 G AivRKZvc~Y© mgq‡K (7g -8g kZK) cvj Zv¤ª kvm‡b AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Ôgvrm¨b¨vqÕ e‡j|
 cvj es‡ki cÖ_g ivRv wQ‡jb †Mvcvj|
 evsjvq cÖ_g eskvbyµwgK kvmb ïiæ nq cvj es‡ki ivRZ¡Kv‡j| cvj es‡ki ivRviv GKUvbv PvikZ
eQi G‡`‡k kvmb K‡iwQ‡jb| GZ `xN© mgq Avi †Kvb ivResk G‡`k kvmb K‡iwb|
 cvj es‡ki ivRviv wQ‡jb †eŠ× agv©ej¤^x|
 cvj ivRv‡ì g‡a¨ me©‡kÖô wQ‡jb ‡Mvcv‡ji cyÎ ag©cvj|
 DËi fvi‡Z AvwacZ¨ we¯Ívi Ki‡Z wZbwU esk wg‡j †h hy× K‡iwQj Zv cwiwPZ n‡q‡Q wÎkw³i
(Tripartite War) msNl© bv‡g|
 mvavib gvby‡li AskMÖn‡bi gva¨‡g evsjvq cÖ_g mdj we‡`ªvn nq cvj Avg‡j|
 ivRv wØZxq gnvcv‡ji kvmbvg‡j ‰KeZ©¨ we‡`ªvn nq|
 ‰KeZ©¨ we‡`ªvn‡K A‡bK mgq e‡i›`ª we‡`ªvn ev mvgšÍ we‡`ªvnI ejv n‡q _v‡K|
 cvj es‡ki me©‡kl ivRv wQ‡jb ivgcvj|
 mÜ¨vKi b›`xi ÔivgPwiZgÕ MÖš’ †_‡K ivgcv‡ji ivRZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hvq|
 w`bvRcyi kn‡ii wbKU †h ÔivgmvMiÕ i‡q‡Q Zv ivgcv‡ji KxwZ©|
‡è esk
 †è es‡ki ivRZ¡Kvj wQj 740-899 mvj ch©šÍ|

 †è ivRv‡ì ivRavbx wQj Kywgjøvi gqbvgwZ cvnv‡oi `wÿYvs‡ki †èce©‡Z|
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 †è ivR‡Z¡i mxgvbv wQj Kywgjøv, †bvqvLvjx I PÆMÖv‡gi Ask we‡kl|
P›`ª esk
 P›`ª es‡ki kvmbKvj we¯Í…Z wQj `kg I GKv`k kZ‡K|

 P›`ª esk wQj c~e© I `wÿYe‡½i kvmK|
 P›`ª es‡ki cÖ_g kw³kvjx ivR ˆÎ‡jvK¨P›`ª|
 P›`ª es‡ki †kªô ivRvi bvg kÖx P›`ª|
 P›`ªiv wQ‡jb †eŠ×agv©ej¤^x|
 kÖx P‡›`ªi ivRavbx wQj eZ©gvb gywÝMÄ †Rjvi weµgcy‡i|
 P›`ª es‡ki †kl kvmK wQ‡jb †Mvwe›` P›`ª|
‡mb esk
 evsjvi e¨vcK Ask Ry‡o GKv`k kZvãxi gvSc‡e© cÖwZôZ nq kw³kvjx †mb es‡ki kvmb|
 evsjvq †mb es‡ki cÖwZôvZv wQ‡jb mvgšÍ †mb|
 †mb es‡ki me©‡kÖô ivRv wQ‡jb weRq‡mb|
 ejøvj †mb evsjvq mvgvwRK ms¯‹vi we‡kl K‡i †KŠwjb¨ cÖ_vi cÖeZ©bKvix wnmv‡e cwiwPZ|
 j²Y †m‡bi civR‡qi ga¨ w`‡q evsjvq †mb kvm‡bi Aemvb nq|
Dcgnv‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi Avwef©ve
 DgvBqv Lwjdv Iqvwj` web Avãyj gvwj‡Ki ivRZ¡Kv‡j gymjgvb‡ì weRqvwfhvb ïiæ nq|
 Zvi †mbvcwZ gymv web bymvBi mgMÖ DËi Avwd«Kv Ges ZvwiK †¯úb Rq K‡i|
 gyn¤§` web Kvwm‡gi wmÜz weR‡qi d‡j Dcgnv‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi Avwef©ve N‡U|
 myjZvb gvngy` 1000 mvj †_‡K 1027 mvj ch©šÍ mg‡qi g‡a¨ Dcgnv‡`‡ki cwðgvÂ‡j 17 evi
Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib|
 Dcgnv‡`‡ki ¯’vqx gymwjg kvm‡bi cÖwZôvZv KzZzeDwÏb AvB‡eK| `vbkxjZvi Rb¨ Zv‡K ÔjvLe·Õ
ejv nZ|
 w`jøxi weL¨vZ mvaK KzZzeDwÏb eLwZqvi KvwKi bvgvbymv‡i Gi bvg ivLv nq KyZzewgbvi|
 myjZvb kvgmDwÏb BjZzZwgk‡K w`jøxi mvjZvbv‡Zi cÖK…Z cÖwZôvZv ejv nq|
 fvi‡Z gymjgvb kvmK‡ì g‡a¨ wZwb cÖ_g gy`ªv cÖPjb K‡ib|
 myjZvbv ivwRqv wQ‡jb w`jøxi wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnYKvix cÖ_g gymjgvb bvix|
 myjZvb bvwmiDwÏb gvngy` KziAvb bKj I Uzwc †mjvB K‡i RxweKv wbev©n Ki‡Zb|
 fvi‡Zi †ZvZv cvwL bv‡g cwiwPZ Avgxi Lmiæ myjZvb wMqvmDwÏb eje‡bi ìevi AjsK…Z K‡ib|
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 ch©UK Be‡b eZzZv AvjvDwÏb LjRx‡K w`jøxi †kÖô myjZvb e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb|
 weL¨vZ AvjvB ìIqvRv ZviB KxwZ©|
 wZwb cÖ_g gymjgvb kvmK wn‡m‡e `wÿY fviZ Rq K‡ib|
 ‡gvng¥` web ZzNjK AZ¨šÍ cÖwZfvkvjx kvmK wQ‡jb|
 wZwb †mvbv I iƒcvi gy`ªvi cwie‡Z© cÖZxK Zvgvi gy`vª cÖPjb K‡i gy`vª gvb wbav©iY K‡i ‡`b|
 ZzNjK es‡ki †kl myjZvb wQ‡jb gvngy` kvn|
 weL¨vZ ZzwK© exi ˆZgyi wQ‡jb ga¨ Gwkqvi mgiK‡›ì AwacwZ|
 ˆkk‡e Zvi GKwU cv †Lvov n‡q hvq e‡j wZwb ˆZgyi jO bv‡g AwfwnZ
 LvbRvnvb Avjx wQ‡jb GKRb gymwjg ag©cÖPviK Ges evsjv‡`‡ki ev‡Minv‡Ui GKRb ¯’vqx kvmK|
 wZwb ivRv M‡Yk‡K cviwRZ K‡i evsjvi `wÿY cwðgvÂ‡j Bmjv‡gi cZvKv Dovb|
 wZwb cÂ`k kZvãx‡Z (1435-1459 wLª.) lvU M¤^yR gmwR` wbg©vY K‡ib|
 GwU evsjv‡`‡ki ga¨hy‡Mi me‡P‡q eo gmwR`|
 1983 mv‡j BD‡b‡¯‹v G‡K wek¦ HwZn¨ †NvlYv K‡i|
GKbR‡i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wZbwU hy×
 ZivB‡bi hy× :
hy‡×i bvg ZivB‡bi cÖ_g hy× ZivB‡bi wØZxq hy×
cÖwZcÿ gyn¤§` Nyix I c„w_¡ivR †PŠnvb gyn¤§` Nyix I c„w_¡ivR †PŠnvb
mgqKvj 1191 wLª÷vã 1192 wLª÷vã
djvdj gyn¤§` Nyix †kvPbxqfv‡e civwRZ nq c„w_¡ivR †PŠnvb civwRZ nq Ges wbnZ
Ges AvnZ n‡q ¯^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib| nb| D‡jøL¨ G hy‡×i d‡j gymwjg mv¤ªR¨
cwZwôZ nq|
 cvwbc‡_i hy× :
hy× cvwbc‡_i cÖ_g hy× cvwbc‡_i wØZxq hy× cvwbc‡_i Z„Zxq hy×
cÖwZcÿ evei AvKe‡ii †mbvcwZ ‰eivg Lvb Avng` kvn Ave`vwj
Beªvwng †jv`x AvdMvb †bZv wngy gvivVv
mgqKvj 1526, 12 GwcÖj 1556 mv‡j 1761 mv‡j
djvdj Beªvnxg ‡jv`x civwRZ I wngy civwRZ I wbnZ nb| Avng` kvn Ave`vwj
wbnZ nb| gvivVv‡ì‡K civwRZ K‡ib|
‰ewkó¨ fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m evei cÖ_g GB hy‡×i d‡j AvKei gvÎ GB hy‡× AskMÖnbKvix gvivVv
GB hy‡× Kvgvb eënvi 13 eQi eq‡m w`wjø AwaKvi kvmK‡ì †c‡kvqvi ejv nq|
K‡ib| K‡ib|
(‡bvU: cvwbc_ DËi-cwðg fvi‡Zi nvwiqvbv iv‡Rï GKwU kni| GwU w`wjø †_‡K 90 wKwg. DË‡i hgybv
b`xi Zx‡i Aew¯’Z|)
~ 206 ~
 e·v‡ii hy× :
cÖwZcÿ Bs‡iR evwnbx Ges evsjv, A‡hva¨v I w`wjøi m¤ªv‡Ui wgÎevwnbx
mgqKvj 1764 wLª÷v‡ã
¯’vb e·v‡ii cÖvšÍi
djvdj gxi Kvwm‡gi †bZ…Z¡axb wgÎevwnbx B‡iR‡ì Kv‡Q †kvPbxq fv‡e civwRZ nq|
‰ewkó¨ cjvkxi hy‡×i d‡j ïaygvÎ evsjv‡`‡k Bs‡iR‡ì cÖfzZ¡ ¯’vwcZ nq| wKš‘ e·v‡ii
hy‡× wgÎ kw³i civR‡qi d‡j Dcgnv‡`‡ki mve©‡fŠg kw³ c`vbZ nq|
gyNj m¤ªvR¨
 GK bR‡i gyNj‡ì esk ZvwjKv:

Rwni DwÏb gyn¤§` evei
m¤ªvU ûgvqyb
m¤ªvU AvKei
m¤ªvU Rvnv½xi
m¤ªvU kvnRvnvb
m¤ªvU AvIi½‡Re
m¤ªvU wØZxq evnv`yi kvn (me©‡kl gyNj m¤ªvU)
Rwni DwÏb gyn¤§` evei
 evei gyNj mv¤ªv‡Rï cÖwZôvZv|

 ÔZzhK-B-eveyiÕ ev evey‡ii AvZ¥Rxebx bvgK MÖ‡š’ eveyi Zvi Rxe‡bi RqcivR‡qi BwZnvm AvwZ
my›ìfv‡e wjwce× K‡i‡Qb|
 1527 mv‡j evewi gwmwR` (Babri Mosque) wbgv©Y K‡ib|
 GwU fvi‡Zi DËi cÖ‡`‡ki A‡hva¨v bMix‡Z Aew¯’Z|
 1992 mv‡ji 6 wW‡m¤î DMÖev`x wn›`y‡Mvwô HwZnvwmK GB gmwR`wU †f‡½ †d‡j| evewi gmwR` aŸs‡mi
NUbv Z`‡šÍi Rb¨ MwVZ Kwgkb Gi bvg wjevin¨vb Kwgkb|
 GB Kwgk‡bi wi‡cv‡U© we‡Rwc †bZv AUj wenvix evR‡cqx jvjK…ò Av`fvwb, Kvjqvb wms mn 68
Rb‡K Awfhy³ Kiv nq|
~ 207 ~
bvwmi DwÏb †gvnv¤§` ûgvqyb
 1538 wLª÷v‡ã m¤ªvU ûgvqyb evsjvq cÖ‡ek K‡ib Ges †MŠo AwaKvi K‡ib|
 wZwb ‡MŠo bM‡ii bvg cwieZ©b K‡i ÔRvbœvZev`Õ iv‡Lb|
 †PŠmv‡ii hy‡× (1539 mv‡j) civwRZ n‡q ûgvqyb †Kv‡bvµ‡g cÖvY wb‡q w`wjø †cŠ‡Qb|
 1556 mv‡j w`wjøi A`~‡i Zvi wbwg©Z `xb cvbvn `~‡M©i cvVvMv‡ii wmwo †_‡K c‡o wM‡q Zvi g„Zz¨ nq|
m¤ªvU Rvjvj DwÏb AvKei
 1556 mv‡ji 14 †deªæqvwi gvÎ 13 eQi eq‡m AvKei w`wjøi wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY K‡ib|
 ûgvqy‡bi g„Zzï ci êivg Lvb AvKe‡ii ivRcÖwZwbwa wbhy³ nb|
 GRb¨ AvKei AbyivMekZ Zv‡K Lvb B evev (Lord Father) e‡j WvK‡Zb|
 m¤ªvU AvKe‡ii ivRZ¡Kv‡j gyNj mv¤ªvR¨ mev©waK we¯Ívi jvf K‡i|
 AvKei 1756 mv‡j evsjv Rq K‡ib|
 Agymjgvb‡ì Dci avh© mvgwiK Ki‡K wRwRqv Ki e‡j|
 1582 mv‡j wLª÷v‡ã mKj a‡g©i mvi m¤^wjZ `xb-B-Bjvnx bvgK bZzb G‡Kk¦iev`x ag©gZ cÖeZ©b
K‡ib|
 mgªvU AvKei Bivb †_‡K AvMZ wewkó weÁvbx Ges †R¨vwZwe©` Igi dZzjøvn wkivRx‡K wnRix P›`ª
el©cwÄ‡K ‡mŠi el©cwÄ‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Kivi `vwqZ¡ cª`vb K‡ib|
 Igi dZzjøvn wkivRxi mycvwi‡k m¤ªvU AvKei 992 wnRix (1584 wLª÷v‡ã) G evsjv †mŠi el©cwÄi
cÖeZ©b K‡ib|
 963 wnRix mvj †_‡K e½vã MYbv ïiæ nq|
 ivR¯^ gš¿x †UvWigj ivR¯^ †ÿ‡Î ms¯‹v‡ii Rb¨ BwZnv‡m Agi n‡q Av‡Qb|
 AvKe‡ii ivRmfvi MvqK wQ‡jb Zvb‡mb|
 Zvb‡mb‡K Ôeyjeyj-B-wn›`Õ ejv nq|
 AvKe‡ii ivRmfvi weL¨vZ ‡KŠZzKKvi wQ‡jb exiej|
 AveIqve Aviwe I dviwm ÔeveÕ k‡ãi eûePb|
‡mwjg byi DwÏb gyn¤§` Rvnv½xi
 m¤ªvU Rvnv½xi evsjvq gyNj kvmb mycÖwZwôZ K‡ib|

 wZwb G‡`‡ki miKvwi Kv‡R dviwm fvlv Pvjy K‡ib|
 m¤ªvU Rvnv½x‡ii mv‡_ b~iRvnv‡bi weevn gyNj m¤ªv‡Rï BwZnv‡m GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv|
 1627 wLª÷v‡ã m¤ªvU Rvnv½xi g„ZzëiY K‡ib|
~ 208 ~
 Zvi mgvwa jv‡nv‡i Aew¯’Z|

 m¤ªvU Rvnv½x‡ii AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK MÖš’ ÔZyRyK-B-Rvnv½xiÕ|
kvnRvnvb Ii‡d Lyiig
 ggZvR wQ‡jb mg&ªvU kvnRvnv‡bi ¯¿x|

 wZwb AvMÖvi hgybv b`xi Zx‡i cZœx‡cÖ‡gi AÿqKxwZ© ZvRgnj wbgv©Y K‡ib|
 wbgvY©Kvj: 1632-1653 wLª÷vã (mß`k kZvãx) |
 Gi ¯’cwZ wQ‡jb I¯Ív` Avng` jvûwi|
 m¤ªvU kvnRvnvb w`wjø‡Z jvj †Kjøv, Rvg-B-gmwR`, wÌqvb-B-Avg, wÌqvb-B-Lvm, AvMÖvq gwZ
gmwR` Ges jv‡nv‡i mvwjgvi D`¨vb wbgv©Y K‡ib| GRb¨ Zv‡K Prince of Builders e‡j WvKv
n‡Zv|
 gwY gy³v LwPZ ¯^Y©gwÛZ gq~i wmsnvmb m¤ªvU kvnRvnv‡bi Agi m„wó|
AvIi½‡Re
 m¤ªvU AvIi½‡Re AwZkq ag©cÖvY gymjgvb wQ‡jb| GRb¨ Zv‡K ÔwR›`vcxiÕ ejv nq|
 m¤ªvU kvnRvnvb Zvi cyÎ AvIi½‡Re‡K †hvM¨Zvi ¯^xK…wZ¯îƒc AvjgMxi bvgK Zievix cÖ`vb K‡ib|
 G mgq KzPwenv‡ii bvg ivLv n‡qwQj ÔAvjgMxibMiÕ|
wØZxq evnv`yi kvn
 †kl gyNj m¤ªvU wQ‡jb wØZxq evnv`yi kvn|

 wmcvwn we‡`ªv‡ni ci 1858 wLª÷v‡ã Zv‡K †i½yb (eZ©gv‡b Bqv½y‡b) wbev©mb †Ìqv nq|
 †i½y‡b Zv‡K mgvwnZ Kiv nq|
‡kikvn
 1539 mv‡j †PŠmv‡ii hy‡× ûgvqyb‡K civwRZ K‡i †kiLvb Ô‡kikvnÕ Dcvwa †bb|
 1540 mv‡j wZwb evsjv `Lj K‡ib|
 wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki †mvbviMvuI †_‡K jv‡nvi ch©šÍ 4830 wKwg. `xN© GKwU gnvmoK ÔmoK-B-AvRgÕ
wbgv©Y K‡ib|
 cieZx©‡Z Bs‡iRMb G iv¯Ív ms¯‹vi K‡i bvg †`q ÔMÖvÛ Uªv¼ †ivWÕ|
 †kikvn KeywjqZ I cvÆvi cÖPjb K‡ib|
 †kikvn fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k me©cÖ_g WvK eë¯’v Pvjy K‡ib|
~ 209 ~
 WvK e¨ve¯’vi DbœwZi Rb¨ wZwb †Nvovi gva¨‡g WvK Avbv †bIqvi eë¯’v K‡ib|
 wZwb Ô`vgÕ bvgK iƒcvi gy`ªvi cÖPjb K‡ib|
evsjvq gymwjg kvmb cÖwZôv
 gyn¤§` Nyixi †mbvcwZ KzZzeDwÏb AvB‡e‡Ki AbygwZµ‡g ZzKx© exi BLwZqvi DwÏb gyng¥` eLwZqvi
LjRx 1204 mv‡j (Î‡qv`k kZvãx‡Z) evsjvi †kl ¯^vaxb ivRv jÿY †mb‡K civwRZ K‡i evsjv `Lj
K‡ib|
 eLwZqvi LjRxi evsjv AwaKv‡ii gva¨‡g evsjvq gymwjg kvm‡bi m~Pbv nq|
 evsjvq gymwjg kvm‡bi cÖv_wgK ch©vq wQj 1204 mvj †_‡K 1338 mvj ch©šÍ|
 Nb Nb we‡`ªvn msNwUZ nIqvi Rb¨ w`wjøi HwZnvwmK wRqvDwÏb eviYx evsjvi bvg w`‡qwQ‡jb
ÔeyjMvKcyiÕ ev we‡`ªv‡ni bMix|
 nhiZ kvnRvjvj wQ‡jb cÖL¨vZ ì‡ek I Bmjvg cÖPviK|
 myjZvb kvgmywÏb wd‡iv‡Ri kvmbvg‡j wZwb 360 Rb wkl¨mn evsjv‡`‡k Av‡mb|
 nhiZ kvnRvjvj g„Zz¨ Aewa wm‡j‡U Ae¯’vb K‡ib Ges wZwbB G AÂ‡ji Bmjvg cÖPv‡i AMÖbvqK|
evsjvq ¯^vaxb myjZvbx kvmb
 dLiDwÏb gyeviK kvn wQ‡jb cÖ_g ¯^vaxb myjZvb|

 dLiDwÏb gyeviK kv‡ni c~e©bvg dLiv|
 GRb¨ w`wjøi HwZnvwmK kvgm-B-wmivR Avdxdv Bwjqvm kvn‡KÔkvn-B-e½vwjqvbÕ e‡j D‡jøL
K‡i‡Qb|
 Ôev½vjvnÕ bvgwU Zvi mgq †_‡KB ïiæ nq|
 Zvi ivRZ¡Kv‡j weL¨vZ mydx mvaK †kL wmivR DwÏb I †kL weqvevbx evsjvq G‡mwQ‡jb|
 cvÛzqvi Avw`bv gmwR` wmKv›`vi kv‡ni Agi KxwZ©|
 Zuvi mg‡q cÖ_g evOvwj Kwe kvn& gyn¤§` mMxi Zuvi Kve¨ ÔBDmyd ‡Rv‡jLvÕ iPbv K‡ib|
 cvi‡mï Kwe nvwd‡Ri mv‡_ Zuvi cÎvjvc n‡Zv|
 evsjvi ¯^vaxb myjZvb‡ì g‡a¨ me©‡kÖô wQ‡jb AvjvDwÏb ûmvBb kvn|
 ûmvBb kv‡ni ivRZ¡Kv‡j kÖx‰PZb¨ wn›`y mgv‡R cÖPwjZ mvgvwRK Kzms¯‹v‡ii weiæ‡× b`xqvq ‰eòe
Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡jb Ges ‰eòe ag© cÖPjb K‡ib|
 û‡mb kvnx Avg‡j evsjv MRj I mydx mvwn‡Zï m„wó nq|
 Zvi kvmbvg‡j ‡MŠ‡oi †QvU †mvbv gmwR` I ¸gwZØvi wbwg©Z nq|
 †MŠ‡oi weL¨vZ eo †mvbv gmwR` (evi`yqvwi gmwR`) Ges K`g imyj feb myjZvb bvwmi DwÏb bymivZ
kv‡ni AgiKxwZ©|
 evsjvq †kl ¯^vaxb myjZvb wQ‡jb wMqvmDwÏb gvngy` kvn|
~ 210 ~
Be‡b eZzZv
 Be‡b eZzZv wQ‡jb mywbœ gymwjg ch©UK wPšÍvwe` Ges wePviK|

 wZwb 1304 wLª÷v‡ã gi‡°vq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| c„w_ex åg‡bi Rb¨ wZwb g~jZ weL¨vZ n‡q Av‡Qb|
 1333 wLª÷v‡ã gyn¤§` web ZzNj‡Ki ivRZ¡Kv‡j Be‡b eZzZv fviZe‡l© AvMgb K‡ib|
 Be‡b eZzZv dLiDwÏb gyeviK kv‡ni ivRZ¡Kv‡j (1345-46 wLª÷v‡ã) evsjvq Av‡mb|
 Be‡b eZzZv cÖ_g we‡`kx ch©UK wnmv‡e Ôev½vjvÕ kã eënvi K‡ib|
 wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki bvgKiY K‡ib Ô‡`vhLcyi Avh wbqvgZÕ ev ÔAvkxe©©v`cyó biKÕ ev Ôabc~Y© biKÕ|
 Be‡b eZzZvi ÔwKZveyj †i‡njvÕ bvgK MÖ‡š’ evsjvi Aciƒc eY©bv cvIqv hvq|
ev‡iv f~Bu qv‡ì BwZnvm
 evsjvi BwZnv‡m fvwU AÂ‡ji G Rwg`viMY ev‡iv f~uBqv bv‡g cwiwPZ|

 G ev‡iv ej‡Z ev‡iv R‡bi msL¨v eySvq bv| aviYv Kiv nq, Awbw`©ó msL¨K Rwg`vi †evSv‡ZB ev‡iv
kãwU eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 ev‡iv f~uBqv‡ì †bZv wQ‡jb Cmv Lvb|
 Cmv Lvui g„Zyï ci ev‡iv f~uBqv‡ì †bZv nb Cmv Lvui cyÎ gymv Lvb|
 Gw`‡K AvKe‡ii g„Zz¨ n‡j gyNj m¤ªvU nb Rvnv½xi|
 wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvq Aew¯’Z GMviwmÜyi MÖvg| Cmv Lv‡bi bv‡g weRwoZ ga¨hyMxq GKwU `~M©|
 ÔGMviwmÜyÕ kãwU GLv‡b GMv‡ivwU b`x A‡_© eëüZ n‡q‡Q|
evsjvq my‡e`vix kvmb
Bmjvg Lvb
 Bmjvg Lvb ev‡iv f~uBqv‡ì `gb K‡i evsjvq my‡e`vwi kvmb cÖwZôv K‡ib|
 wZwb evsjvi ivRavbx wn‡m‡e XvKv kn‡ii †MvovcËb K‡ib|
 wZ‡b XvKvi †avjvB Lvj Lbb K‡ib|
hyeivR kvn myRv
 wZwb XvKvi PKevRv‡ii Ôeo KvUivÕ wbg©vY K‡ib|
gxi Rygjv
 myev`vi gxi Rygjv ÔXvKv †MUÕ wbg©vY K‡ib|
 wZwb Avmvg hy‡× ‡h Kvgvb eënvi K‡ib Zv eZ©gv‡b Imgvbx D`¨v‡b msiwÿZ Av‡Q|
kv‡q¯Ív Lvb
 kv‡q¯Ív Lvu `yÕ`dvq †gvU 22 eQi evsjv kvmb K‡ib|
~ 211 ~
 wZwb PÆMÖv‡gi bvg iv‡Lb Bmjvgvev`|

 wZwb gM I cZ©ywMR Rj`my¨‡ì G AÂj †_‡K weZvwoZ K‡ib|
 my‡e`vi kv‡q¯Ív Lvb ¯’vcZ¨ wk‡íi Rb¨ we‡kl weL¨vZ|
 wk‡íi weKv‡ki Rb¨ GB hyM‡K evsjvq gyNj‡ì ¯^Y©hyM ejv nq|
 XvKvq kv‡q¯Ív Lvb wbwg©Z KxwZ©¸‡jv n‡jv- XvKvi PKevRv‡ii †QvU KvUiv, jvje‡Mi †Kjøv, PK
gmwR`, mvZ M¤^yR gmwR`|
evsjvq bevex kvmb
 beve gywk©`jx Lvb evsjvi cÖ_g ¯^vaxb beve|

 Avjxe`x© Lv‡bi kvmbvg‡j gvivVviv cÖwZeQi esjv, wenvi I Dwol¨v AvµgY KiZ|
 evsjvq gvivVv AvµgYKvixiv ÔeMx©Õ bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj|
 GB eMx© kãwU ÔeiwMiÕ k‡ãi Acåvsk|
 gvivVv evwnbxi mvavib ‰mb¨‡ì me©wb¤œ càvix‡ì ejv n‡Zv eiMxi|
 gvivVv‡ì AvµgY‡K evsjvi BwZnv‡m eMx©i nv½vgv ejv nq|
 Avjxe`x© Lvb gvivVv‡ì mv‡_ Pzw³ K‡i evsjv‡K gvivVv‡ì AvµgY n‡Z iÿv K‡ib|
 wmivRD‡ÏŠjvi cÖK…Z bvg gxR©v gyn¤§` Avjx|
 wZwb wQ‡jb evsjvi †kl ¯^vaxb beve|
 1756 mv‡ji 10 GwcÖj wmivRD‡ÏŠjv evsjvi wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnY K‡ib|
 wmivR wmsnvmb jvf Kivq Zvi eo Lvjv N‡lwU †eMg Ges ìev‡ii cÖfvkvjxMY bev‡ei weiæ‡× lohš¿
ïiæ K‡ib|
 1756 mv‡j beve wmivRD‡ÏŠjv KjKvZvq Bs‡iR‡ì †dvU© DBwjqvg `~M© AwaKvi K‡ib|
 KjKvZv AwaKvi K‡i wmivRD‡ÏŠjv wbR gvZvg‡ni bvgvbymv‡i Gi bvg iv‡Lb Avjx bMi|
 HwZnvwmK njI‡q‡ji eY©bv g‡Z Rvbv hvq †h, beve 146 Rb Bs‡iR e›`x GKwU ÿz`ª AÜKvi cÖ‡Kv‡ô
Ave× K‡i iv‡Lb Ryb gv‡m cÖPÛ Mi‡g ÿz`ª cwim‡i 146 Rb Bs‡iR e›`xi g‡a¨ 123 Rb k¦vmiæ×
n‡q g„ZëiY K‡i|
 njI‡qj KZ…©K cÖPvwiZ GB Kvwnbx ÔAÜK~c nZ¨vÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 23 Ryb, 1757 cjvkxi cÖvšÍ‡i bev‡ei mv‡_ Bs‡iR‡ì hy× nq|
 G hy‡×i gva¨‡g evsjvi ¯^vaxbZvi m~h© A¯ÍwgZ nq|
 wmivR-D-‡ÏŠjvi nZ¨vKvix †gvnv¤§`x ‡eM|
~ 212 ~
g‡Wj †U÷
1. A‡kvK †Kvb es‡ki m¤ªvU wQ‡jb?

K) ‡gŠh© L) ¸ß M) cyl¨f~wZ N) Kzkvb
2. ‡Kvb gymwjg †mbvcwZ †¯úb Rq K‡ib?
K) gymv web bymv‡qi L) Lvwj` web Iqvwj` M) gyn¤§` web Kvwmg N) Zvwid
3. evsjv‡`‡k ev‡iv fzuBqvi Afz¨Ìvb N‡U?
K) eve‡ii mgq L) AvIi½‡R‡ei mgq M) Rvnv½x‡ii mgq N) AvKe‡ii mgq
DËi cÎ
1 K 2 N 3 N
e„wUk kvm‡b evsjv
cZz©wMR‡ì AvMgb
 cZ©yMv‡ji †jvK‡ì cZ©ywMR e‡j|

 cZz©wMR Rj`my¨‡ì ejv n‡Zv Ônvg©v`Õ|
 Dcgnv‡`‡k BD‡ivcxq ewYK‡ì g‡a¨ cÖ_g evwYR¨ KzwV ¯’vcb K‡i cZ©ywMRiv|
 1537 mv‡j cZ©ywMRiv PÆMv‡g evwYR¨ KzwV wbg©vY K‡i |
 †kikvn ÿgZv jv‡fi ci 1538 wLª÷v‡ã wZwb cZ©ywMR‡ì PÆMÖvg n‡Z weZvwoZ K‡ib|
 1666 mv‡j m¤ªvU AvIi½‡R‡ei wb‡`©‡k my‡e`vi kv‡q¯Ív Lvb PÆMÖvg `Lj K‡i cZz©wMR‡ì Avevi
PÆMÖvg n‡Z weZvwoZ K‡ib|
Ijv›`vR‡ì AvMgb
 nj¨v‡Ûi Awaevmx‡ì WvP ev Ijv›`vR e‡j|

 cÖ_‡g cZ©ywMR Ges c‡i Bs‡iRMY wQj Zv‡ì cÖwZØ›Øx|
 Zviv cZ©~wMR‡ì †`Lv‡`wL G‡`‡k Av‡m Ges ÔWvP B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbÕ MVb K‡i|
 Bs‡iR‡ì mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wUK‡Z bv †c‡i Zviv G‡`k †_‡K P‡j hvq Ges B‡›`v‡bvwkqvq wM‡q
Dcwb‡ek ¯’vcb K‡i|
~ 213 ~
w`‡bgvi‡ì AvMgb
 ‡Wbgv‡K©i †jvK‡ì ejv nq †Wwbk (Danish) ev w`‡bgvi (Dinemar)|

 Zviv G‡`‡k evwYR¨ Kivi Rb¨ Ô‡Wwbk B÷ BwÛqv ‡Kv¤úvwbÕ MVb K‡i| wKš‘ Zviv evwY‡R¨ †Zgb
myweav Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
Bs‡iR‡ì AvMgb
 AvKe‡ii ivRZ¡Kv‡j cÖv‡P©ï mv‡_ evwYR¨ Kivi Rb¨ 218 Rb Bs‡iR ewYK‡`‡i cÖ‡Póvq 1600
wLª÷v‡ã ÔweªwUk B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbÕ MwVZ nq|
 1612 mv‡j Bs‡iRiv Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖ_g KzwV ¯’vcb K‡i myiv‡U|
 m¤ªvU kvnRvnv‡bi kvmbvg‡j B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb evsjvq cÖ_g evwYR¨ KzwV ¯’vcb K‡i|
 1633 mv‡j nwinicy‡i Zviv G KzwV wbg©vY K‡i|
 `xN©Kvj c‡i 1651 mv‡j ûMjx kn‡i Zviv wØZxq KzwV wbg©vY K‡i|
 m¤ªvU AvIi½‡R‡ei ivRZ¡Kv‡j 1690 mv‡j †Kv¤úvwbi G‡R›U Re Pvb©K myZvbwU MÖv‡g GKwU bMi
cÖwZôv K‡ib|
 c‡i KjKvZv I ‡Mvwe›`cyi MÖvg wK‡b bMiwU‡K AviI eo Kiv nq|
 B÷-BwÛqv †Kv¤úwbi kvmb‡K›`ª wQj KjKvZv|
divwm‡ì AvMgb
 BD‡ivcxq ewYK m¤úªv`v‡qi g‡a¨ divwmMb me©‡k‡l Dcgnv‡`‡k AvMgb K‡ib|

 wKš‘ 1760 wLª÷v‡ã e›`xev‡mi hy‡× Bs‡iR †mbvcwZ m¨vi AvqviKz‡Ui wbKU divwm †mbvcwZ KvD›U
jvjxi civR‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ Dcgnv‡`‡k divwm cÖvfve I cÖwZcwË a~wjm¨vr n‡q hvq|
Dcgnv‡`‡k Bs‡iR kvmb
 1756 wLª÷v‡ã Gjvnvev‡` GKwU Pzw³ ¯^vÿi K‡ib| GB Pzw³i d‡j ÔB÷ BwÛqvÕ †Kv¤úvwb gyNj
ev`kvn wØZxq kvn Avj‡gi wbKU n‡Z evsjv wenvi I Dwol¨vi †Ìqvwb jvf K‡i|
 ‰ØZ kvmb eë¯’vi cÖeZ©K ievU K¬vBf|
 evsjv 1176 mv‡ji (Bs‡iwR 1770) `ywf©ÿ BwZnv‡m ÔwQqvË‡ii gš^šÍiÕ ev gnv`ywf©ÿ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 wQqvË‡ii gš^šÍi Gi mgq evsjvi Mfb©i wQ‡jb KvwU©qvi|
 GRb¨ weªwUk cvjv‡g‡›Ui mycvwikµ‡g B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi kvmb‡K wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ 1773 wLª÷v‡ã
wbqvgK AvBb cvm nq|
~ 214 ~
 †i¸‡jwUs AvB‡bi ‡`vl ÎæwU ms‡kvab K‡i †Kv¤úvwbi Dci wewUªk miKvii KZ…©Z¡ my`„p I my¯úó Kivi
Rb¨ 1784 wLª÷v‡ã Bsj¨v‡Ûi cÖavbgš¿x DBwjqvg wcU fviZ kvm‡bi Rb¨ GKwU AvBb cÖYqb K‡ib|
 Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖ_g ivR¯^ †evW© (Board of Revenue) K‡ib Iqv‡ib †nw÷sm|
 GwU cvuPkvjv e‡›`ve¯Í bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj|
 wZwb jW© K¬vB‡fi ‰ØZ kvmb eë¯’v iwnZ K‡ib|
 jW© Kb©Iqvwjm miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡ì Rb¨ †h wewa weavb Pvjy K‡ib cieZx© Kv‡j Zv ÔBwÛqvb wmwfj
mvwf©mÕ bv‡g cÖPwjZ nq|
 wZwb 1793 mv‡ji 22 gvP© evsjv, wenvi I Dwol¨vi `kmvjv e‡›`ve¯Í‡K ÔwPi¯’vqx e‡›`ve¯ÍÕ
(Permanent Settlement) e‡j †NvlYv †`b|
 Rwg`viMY wbqwgZ LvRbv cwi‡kva bv Kivq †Kv¤úvwb NvUwZi m¤§~Lxb nq| d‡j Ôm~h©v¯Í AvBbÕ cvm
K‡i wbw`©ó mg‡q e‡Kqv LvRbv cÖ`v‡bi wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
 jW© I‡q‡jmwj AaxbZvg~jK wgÎZv bxwZi cÖ‡qvM K‡i Zv‡Äiv, myivU, KY©vU Ges A‡hva¨vi ¯^vaxbZv
niY K‡ib|
 wUcy myjZvb wQ‡jb gnxk~‡ii kvmbKZv©|
 jW© I‡q‡jmwj wUcy myjZvb‡K AaxbZvg~jK wgÎZv bxwZ MÖn‡bi Avgš¿Y Rvbvb|
 jW© †ew›UsK 1829 mv‡ji 4 wW‡m¤î AvBb K‡i mZx`vn cÖ_v iwnZ K‡ib|
 fviZe‡l© cvðZ¨ wkÿvi cÖmv‡i me©cÖ_g AvBb cÖYqb K‡ib|
 jW© Wvj‡nŠwm Ô¯^Z¡ we‡jvc bxwZÕ e¨vcK cÖ‡qvM Ki‡jI wZwb wKš‘ Gi D™¢veK wQ‡jb bv|
 1850 mv‡j jW© Wvj‡nŠwm fvi‡Zi KjKvZv †_‡K WvqgÛ nvievi ch©šÍ me©cÖ_g †UwjMÖvd jvBb ¯’vcb
K‡ib|
 1853 mv‡j wZwb Dcgnv‡`‡k me©cÖ_g †ij †hvMv‡hvM Pvjy K‡ib|
 jW© Wvj‡nŠwm 1856 mv‡ji 26 RyjvB weavev weevn AvBb cvm K‡i wn›`y weaev‡ì cybtweevn cÖ_v Pvjy
K‡ib|
 weavev weevn cªPj‡b Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi Zv‡K h‡_ó mvnvh¨ K‡ib|
 Gi d‡j fvi‡Z B÷-BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi kvmb (1757-1858 mvj) Gi Aemvb N‡U|
 1861 mv‡j jW© K¨vwbs cvK-fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k cywjk mvwf©m Pvjy K‡ib|
 1872 mv‡j jW© †g‡qvi kvmbvg‡j fviZe‡l© cÖ_g Av`gïgvwi nq|
 jW© wjUb 1878 mv‡j A¯¿ AvBb cvm K‡ib webv jvB‡m‡Ý A¯¿ ivLv wbwl× K‡ib|
 wZwb 1878 mv‡j msev`cÎ AvBb cvm K‡i †`kxq fvlvq cÖPvwiZ msev`c‡Îi ¯âxbZv niY K‡ib|
 jW© wicb 1882 mv‡j cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK wkÿvi ms¯‹v‡ii Rb¨ nv›Uvi Kwgkb MVb K‡ib|
 jW© wicb BjevU© wej cÖYqb K‡i fviZxq wePviK‡ì BD‡ivcxq Acivax‡ì wePvi Kivi ÿgZv cÖ`vb
K‡ib|
 wZwb ‡e½j wgDwbwmcvj AvBb K‡i fvi‡Z cÖ_g ¯’vbxq kvmb eë¯’vi cÖeZ©b K‡ib|
 jW© wicb kÖwgK Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ 1881 mv‡j d¨v±wi AvBb cvm K‡i we‡kl L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib|
 1905 mv‡j 16 A‡±vei fvi‡Zi fvBmiq jW© KvR©b GK ‡NvlYvq evsjv cÖ‡`k‡K `yB fv‡M fvM K‡ib|
~ 215 ~
 evsjv G ch©šÍ 2 evi wef³ nq- 1905 mv‡j (e½f‡½i d‡j) Ges 1947 mv‡j (fviZ wefv‡Mi d‡j)|
 c~e© evsjvi I Avmv‡gi cÖ_g ‡jd‡Ub¨v›U Mfb©i wQ‡jb e¨vgwdì dzjvi|
 jW© KvR©b KjKvZvq fvi‡Zi e„nËg MÖš’Mvi B‡¤úvwiqvj jvB‡eªix cÖwZôv K‡ib|
 jW© wg‡›Uv gwj© wg‡›Uv ms¯‹vi AvBb (1909) Gi gva¨‡g gymjgvb‡ì c„_K wbev©P‡bi AwaKvi †Ìqv
nq|
 iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii civg‡k© ÔivwLeÜbÕ Abyôv‡bi cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv nq|
 wn›`y m¤úª`v‡qi cÖwZev‡ì gy‡L 1911 mv‡j w`wjøi ìev‡i ivRv cÂg RR© Ôe½f½ i`Õ K‡ib|
 1912 mv‡j e½f½ i‡ì ci c~e© I cwðg evsjv‡K GKwÎZ K‡i KjKvZv‡K ivRavbx K‡i †e½j cÖ‡`k
m„wó Kiv nq|
 g‡›U¸-†Pgm‡dvW© ms¯‹vi AvBb (1919) fviZ kvmb AvBb bv‡gI cwiwPZ|
 weªwUk fvi‡Zi †kl fvBmiq ev eojvU wQ‡jb jW© gvD›Ue¨v‡Ub|
 fviZ wefv‡Mi mgq Bsj¨v‡Ûi cÖavbgš¿x wQ‡jb GUwj|
 1947 mv‡ji 18 RyjvB weªwUk cvj©v‡g‡›U ÔfviZ ¯^vaxbZv AvBbÕ cvk nq|
 m¨vi mvBwij i¨vWwK¬‡di †bZ…‡Z¡ MwVZ Kwgkb fviZ I cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨ mxgv‡iLv wPwýZ K‡ib|
 Awef³ evsjvi †kl Mfb©i wQ‡jb m¨vi †d«WwiK Rb|
g‡Wj †U÷
1. 1947 mv‡ji mxgvbv Kwgkb †h bv‡g cwiwPZ-

K) i¨vWwK¬d Kwgkb L) mvBgb Kwgkb M) j‡iÝ Kwgkb N) g¨vK‡Wvbvì Kwgkb
2. 1905 mvj †Kvb NUbvi m‡½ RwoZ?
K) gymwjg jxM cÖwZôv L) e½f½ M) MvÜx nZ¨v N) fviZ wefw³
3. fviZe‡l© cÖ_g Av`gïgvwi nq †Kvb mv‡j?
K) 1972 L) 1850 M) 1872 N) 1901
DËi cÎ
1 K 2 L 3 M
~ 216 ~
evsjvi RvMiY I ms¯‹vi Av‡›`vjb
dwKi mbœ¨vmx Av‡›`vjb
 B÷-BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb ÿgZv jv‡fi ci me©cÖ_g †h we‡`ªvn n‡qwQj Zv BwZnv‡m ÔdwKi we‡`ªvnÕ bv‡g
cwiwPZ|
 dwKi‡ì mv‡_ mbœ¨vmxivI HKë× n‡qwQ‡jb Ges ‡Kv¤úvwbi weiæ‡× we‡`ªvn K‡iwQ‡jb|
 dwKi Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZv wQ‡jb gRby kvn, gymv kvn, †PivM Avjx, fevbx cvVK, b~i AvjØxb, cxZv¤î
cÖgyL|
 gRby kv‡ni g„Zzï ci †hvM¨ †bZ…‡Z¡i Afv‡e dwKi Av‡›`vjb w¯ÍwgZ n‡q c‡o|
PvKgv we‡`ªvn
 1760 mv‡j PÆMÖvg †Rjv B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi Aax‡b Av‡m|

 1777 mv‡j ivR‡¯î nvi AviI e„w× Kiv n‡j cÖavb bv‡qe ivby Lvb ivRv †Rvqvb eK‡mi m¤§wZµ‡g
†Kv¤úvwbi weiæ‡× we‡`ªvn †NvlYv K‡ib|
 Ae‡k‡l †Kv¤úvwb K¬všÍ n‡q 1787 mv‡j PvKgv ivRvi mv‡_ mwÜ ¯’vcb K‡ib|
wZZzgx‡ii Av‡›`vjb
 B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi weiæ‡× 1g A¯¿ aviY K‡ib wZZzgxi|

 wZZzgx‡ii cÖK…Z bvg ‰mq` gxi wbmvi Avjx| wZZzgxi knx` nb 1831 mv‡j|
 evu‡ki †Kjøv aŸsm K‡i K‡b©j ÷yqvU©|
div‡qwR Av‡›`vjb
 div‡qwR Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖavb †K›`ª wQj dwi`cyi †Rjv|

 nvRx kixqZzjøvn 1781 wLª÷v‡ã gv`vixcyi †Rjvq Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib|
 `y`ywgqvi †bZ…‡Z¡ div‡qRx Av‡›`vjb ms¯‹vi Av‡›`vj‡bi MwÐ †cwi‡q ivR‰bwZK iƒc jvf K‡i|
 ÔRwg †_‡K LvRbv Av`vq Avjøvni AvB‡bi cwicš’xÕ- LvRbv Av`v‡qi Rb¨ Rwg`vi‡ì AZ¨vPvi
†ivaK‡í `y`ywgqv Avjøvni mve©‡fŠgZ¡ cÖwZôvi Rb¨ G Dw³ K‡ib|
~ 217 ~
muvIZvj we‡`ªvn
 DËie½, cwðge½ I wenv‡ii wKQz AÂ‡j emwZ Av‡Q mvuIZvj RvwZi|

 †bZv Zv‡ì `yB fvB- wmay Avi Kvby Bs‡iR †mbvcwZ †gRi ev‡iv‡Ri †bZ…‡Z¡ weivU evwnbx Avµgb
K‡i mvuIZvj evwnbx‡K|
 wmay I Kvbyi †bZ…‡Z¡ ‡mw`b Bs‡iR evwnbx‡K civwRZ K‡i muvIZvjiv weRqx n‡qwQj|
 weR‡qi w`bwU wQj 1855 mv‡j 16 RyjvB|
bxj we‡`ªvn
 Aóv`k kZvãxi †k‡li w`‡K BD‡iv‡c wkíwecø‡ei d‡j e¯¿wk‡íi Af~Zc~e© DbœwZ mvwaZ nq|
 bxj cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ_g cÖev` cyiæl m`v©i wek¦bv_|
 ZrKvjxb b`xqv eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki h‡kvi †Rjvq †PŠMvQvq me©cÖ_g we‡`ªvn †`Lv †`q weòzPiY wek¦vm
Ges w`M¤î wek¦v‡mi †bZ…‡Z¡|
 bxj we‡`ªvn `gb Kivi Rb¨ Bs‡iR miKvi Ôbxj KwgkbÕ (Indigo Commision) MVb K‡i|
 G AvBb cv‡mi d‡j 1862 mv‡j bxj we‡`ªvni Aemvb nq|
fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡MÖm cÖwZôvZv
 1885 mv‡j BwÛqvb b¨vkbvj Ks‡MÖm ev fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡MÖm cÖwZwôZ nq|
 Gi cÖwZôvZv wQ‡jb AemvicÖvß Bs‡iR wmwfwjqb A¨vjvb A‡±vwfqvb wnDg|
 1885 mv‡ji 28 wW‡m¤î †ev‡¤^‡Z (eZ©gvb gy¤v^ B) e¨vwi÷vi D‡gkP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi mfvcwZ‡Z¡
Ks‡MÖ‡mi cÖ_g Awa‡ekb AbywôZ nq|
wbwLj fviZ gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖwZôv
 1906 mv‡ji 30 wW‡m¤î XvKvq gymwjg jxM cªwZwôZ nq|

 gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖK…Z bvg wQj ÔwbwLj fviZ gymwjg jxMÕ|
 gymwjg jxM MV‡bi cÖavb D‡`¨v³v wQ‡jb beve mwjgyjvø n, AvMv Lvb Ges bIqve wfKvi-Dj- g~jyK|
¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vjb
 e½f‡½i cÖwZev‡` †h Av‡›`vjb M‡o D‡V Zv‡K mvavibfv‡e ¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vjb e‡j|
 Kwe gyyKz›` `vm evsjvi MÖv‡g MÖv‡g Ny‡i Ôc‡ov bv †ikgx Pzwo e½bvixÕ Mvb †M‡q RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ ¯^‡`kx
Av‡›`vj‡bi c‡ÿ Zxeª Av‡eM m„wó K‡ib|
~ 218 ~
 cÖ_g chv©q: mfv-mwgwZ‡Z e³…Zv `vb Ges cÖ¯Íve MÖn‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwZev`Ávcb|
 wØZxq chv©q: AvZ¥kw³ MVb I RvZxq wkÿv Av‡›`vjb|
 Z…Zxq chv©q:
➢ eqKU ev wejvZx cY¨ eR©b Ges ¯^‡`kx c‡Yï Drcv`b I ev¨venvi|
➢ eqKU bxwZ mdj Ki‡Z K…òKzgvi wgÎ, my‡i›`ªbv_ e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, KvjxcÖmbœ Kve¨ wekvi` Ges
gwZjvj †Nvl Zv‡ì †jLbx Øviv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib|
 PZz_© chv©q: ‰ecøweK ev mk¯¿ Av‡›`vjb|
evsjvq mk¯¿ êcøweK Av‡›`vjb
 XvKvi Abykxjb mwgwZ Ges KjKvZvi ÒhyMvšÍi cvwU©Õ wQj ‰ecøweK Av‡›`vj‡bi `yB cÖavb kw³kvjx
msMVb |
 evsjvq mk¯¿ Av‡›`vj‡bi me‡P‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbv A¯¿Mvi jyÉ‡bi NUbv|
 1930 mv‡ji 18 GwcÖj m~h© ‡mb (whwb gv÷vi`v bv‡g cwiwPZ) Zuvi `jej wb‡q PÆMÖvg A¯¿Mvi jyÉb
K‡ib|
 weªwUk miKvi m~‡hv©‡mbmn AwaKvsk wecøex‡K ai‡Z mg_© nq|
 1934 mv‡ji 12 Rvbyqvwi PÆMÖv‡g m~h© ‡m‡bi dvuwm nq|
ivIjvU AvBb I RvwjqvbIqvjvevM nZ¨vKvÛ
 fvi‡Zi mš¿vmev`x Av‡›`vjb Ges e½f½ i` Av‡›`vjb cÖwZnZ Kivi Rb¨ weªwUk miKvi 1918 mvj
KzL¨vZ I cÖwZwµqvkxj ivIjvU AvBb cÖeZ©b K‡i|
 cvÄv‡e KzL¨vZ ivIjvU AvB‡bi cÖwZev‡` RbM‡Yi kvwšÍc~Y© †kvfvhvÎv I cÖwZev` PjvKv‡j miKvi ¸wj
Pvwj‡q wKQz †jvK nZ¨v K‡i|
 Gi cÖwZev‡` 1918 mv‡ji 13 GwcÖj Ag„Zm‡ii Rvwjqvb IqvjvevM D`¨v‡b 10 nvRvi gvbyl mg‡eZ
nq|
 †Rbv‡ij Wvqvi mg‡eZ RbMY‡K †Kvbiƒc ûwkqvwi cÖ`vb bv K‡i Zvi †mbvevwnbx‡K ¸wjel©‡Yi wb‡`©k
†`q|
wLjvdZ Av‡›`vjb
 ZywK© m¤ªv‡Rï ALÐZv Ges wLjvd‡Zi cweÎZv iÿvi Rb¨ 1919 mv‡j gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avjx,
gvIjvbv kIKZ Avjx, W. Avbmvix, Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`, nvwKg AvRgj Lvb cÖgyL †h Av‡›`vjb ïiæ
K‡ib Zv wLjvdZ Av‡›`vjb bv‡g cwiwPZ|
~ 219 ~
Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb
 Awnsm I Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi RbK gnvZ¥v MvÜx |

 ivIjvU AvBb I Rvwjqvb Iqvjvev‡Mi nZ¨vKv‡Ði cÖwZev‡` 1920 mv‡ji 10 gvP© MvÜx Amn‡hvM
Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©m~Px †Nvlbv K‡ib|
 Gi A_© nj fviZxqMY weªwUk miKv‡ii mv‡_ mn‡hvwMZv Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡e, Awdm Av`vj‡Z KvR
Ki‡e bv, weªwUk miKv‡ii †Ìqv Dcvwa eR©b Ki‡e BZ¨vw`|
 1920 mv‡ji 8 †m‡Þ¤î Ks‡MÖ‡mi we‡kl Awa‡ek‡b Amn‡hvM Ges wLjvdZ Av‡›`vjb hyMcrfv‡e
cwiPvjbvi wm×všÍ nq|
mj½v Av‡›`vjb
 1922 mv‡ji 27 Rvbyqvwi hye‡bZv gvIjvbv Avãyi ikx` ZK©eMx©‡ki †bZ…Z¡ weªwUk we‡ivax mj½v
Av‡›`vj‡bi myÎcvZ nq|
 GB w`‡b ZrKvjxb cvebv ‡Rjvi wmivRMÄ gnKzgvi mj½v nv‡U Amn‡hvM I †LjvdZ Av‡›`vj‡bi
Kgx©iv we‡jZx cY¨ weµq eÜ Ki‡Z KvR ïiæ Ki‡j Zv‡ì iæL‡Z †bZ„Z¡`vbKvix gvIjvbv Avãyi
iwk`‡K ‡MÖdZvi Kiv nq|
 G Av‡›`vj‡b wbnZ knx`‡ì ¯§i‡Y 27 Rvbyqvwi mj½v wèm cvwjZ nq|
¯îvR`j I †e½j c¨v±
 wPËiÄb `v‡ki †bZ…‡Z¡ Ks‡MÖ‡mi GKvsk 1923 mv‡j ¯îvR cvwU© MVb K‡i|
 wPËiÄb `v‡ki ‡bZ„Z¡ e½xq Ks‡MÖm KwgwU evsjvi gymjgvb‡ì mv‡_ 1923 mv‡j GKwU mg‡SvZvq
†cŠQvb|
 G m‡gvSZv ‡e½j c¨v± ev evsjv Pzw³ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 GwU wQj evsjvi wn›`y-gymjgvb‡ì wgj‡bi Rb¨ GKwU ewjô c`‡ÿc|
mvBgb Kwgkb
 1927 mv‡j ZrKvjxb weªwUk miKvi fvi‡Z AviI ivR‰bwZK I kvmbZvwš¿K AwaKvi †Ìqvi m¤¢vebv
hvPvB‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ 8 m`m¨‡ì GKwU wewae× cvjv©‡g›Uvwi Kwgkb MVb K‡i|
 m¨vi Rb mvBgb‡K G Kwgkb‡bi †Pqvig¨vb wbhy³ Kiv nq|
 G Kwgk‡b ‡Kvb fviZxq cÖwZwbwa wQj bv|
~ 220 ~
fviZ kvmb AvBb
 mvBgb Kwgkb I †Mvj ‡Uwej ‰eV‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 1935 mv‡j fviZ kvmb AvBb cÖeZ©Y Kiv nq|
 GB AvB‡bi cÖavb ‰ewkó¨ wQj fviZ kvm‡b hy³ivóªxq miKvi c×wZ Ges cÖ‡`k¸‡jvi cÖv‡`wkK
¯^vqËkvmb cÖeZ©b|
cÖ_g cÖv‡`wkK wbev©Pb
 Abyôv‡bi mgq⎯ 1937 mvj

 `‡ji msL¨v⎯ wZbwU| h_v-
➢ Ks‡MÖm
➢ gymwjg jxM
➢ K…lK cÖRv cvwU© (cÖwZôv-1936)
 3. djvdj:
➢ Ks‡MÖm- 60 wU Avmb
➢ gymwjg jxM- 38 Avmb + 21 ¯^Zš¿ = 59
➢ K…lK cªRv cvwU©- 39 + 16 ¯^Zš¿ = 55
1943 mv‡ji `ywf©ÿ
 wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i d‡j Rvcvwbiv evg©v `Lj Ki‡j GLvb †_‡K evsjvq Pvj Avg`vwb eÜ n‡q hvq|
 Gi d‡j 1943 mv‡j evsjvq GK fqv en `ywf©ÿ ïiæ nq|
 AvbygvwbK 30 jÿ †jvK G `ywf©‡ÿ gviv hvq|
 evsjv 1350 mv‡j GB `ywf©ÿ nIqvq G‡K ÔcÂv‡ki gš^šÍiÕ ejv nq|
‡ZfvMv Av‡›`vjb
 ‡ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi †bÎx wQ‡jb Bjv wgÎ|

 1946 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î gvm n‡Z 1947 mvj ch©šÍ GB Av‡›`vjb P‡j|
 evsjv‡`‡ki 19wU †Rjvq †ZfvMv Av‡›`vjb Qwo‡q c‡o|
 w`bvRcyi I iscyi †Rjvq G Av‡›`vjb Zxeª AvKvi avib K‡i|
~ 221 ~
jv‡nvi cÖ¯vÍ e
 AbywôZ nq 1940 mv‡j|

 ¯’vb: jv‡nvi, gymwjg jxM Awa‡ekb|
 Awa‡ek‡bi mfvcwZ- gynv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn|
 DÌvcb- †k‡i evsjv G. †K dRjyj nK|
 g~jfve- gymwjg msL¨vMwiôZvi wfwË‡Z GKvwaK gymwjg ivóª|
 g~je³e¨- AvÂwjK ¯^vwaKvi, AvZ¥wbqš¿‡Yi AwaKvi I mve©‡fŠgZ¡ AR©b|
 jv‡nvi cÖ¯vÍ ‡ei aviv wQj 4wU|
 jv‡nvi cÖ¯vÍ e ms‡kvab Kiv nq- 1946 mv‡j
 djvdj- G. †K dRjyj nK ‡K gymjxg jxM n‡Z ewn®‹vi Kiv nq|
wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨
 Awef³ evsjvi cÖ_g gyL¨gš¿x- G. †K dRjyj nK|

 Awef³ evsjvi wØZxq I Awbev©wPZ gyL¨gš¿x- LvRv bvwRgDwÏb|
 Awef³ evsjvi Z…Zxq/†kl gyL¨gš¿x- knx` †mvnivIqv`x©|
 wef³ evsjvi cÖ_g gyL¨gš¿x- LvRv bvwRgDwÏb|
 1952 mv‡j c~e© evsjvi gyL¨gš¿x wQ‡jb- b~iæj Avwgb|
 1954 Gi hy³d«‡›Ui wbe©vP‡bi ci c~e© evsjvi gyL¨gš¿x nb- G. †K dRjyj nK|
gyw³hy×
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×‡K covi myweav‡_© 3wU fv‡M fvM K‡i †djyb
gyw³hy× c~e©eZ©x NUbvejx gyw³hy‡×i NUbvejx gyw³hy× cieZ©x NUbvejx
~ 222 ~
gyw³hy× c~e©eZ©x NUbvejx
AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM
 cÖwZôv: ‡nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x© Ges Aveyj nv‡kg|

 mgq: 1949 mv‡ji 23 Ryb|
 ¯’vb: XvKvq wUKvUwji ‡K Gg `vm †jby †iv‡Wi ‡ivR Mv‡W©b c¨v‡j‡m|
 ag© I wbivcÿZv PPv© Ges Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbv cÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨ 1955 mv‡j `‡ji bvg cwieZ©b K‡i
Ôc~e© cvwK¯Ívb AvIqvgx jxMÕ ivLv nq|
 AvIqvgx jx‡Mi cÖwZôvKvjxb:
mfvcwZ gvIjvbv Avãyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx
mvavib m¤úv`K kvgmyj nK
hyM¥ m¤úv`K ‡kL gywReyi ingvb
 GK bR‡i AvIqvgx jx‡Mi m‡¤§jb:
➢ 2019 mv‡ji m‡¤§jbwU wQj 21 Zg|
➢ mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv|
➢ G ch©šÍ †kL nvwmbv †gvU mfvcwZ n‡q‡Qb †gvU 15 evi|
➢ e½eÜz m¤úv`K nb 1953 mv‡ji 2q m‡¤§j‡b|
➢ e½eÜz mfvcwZ nb 1966 mv‡ji 6ô m‡¤§j‡b|
➢ e½eÜz †gvU mfvcwZ nb 3 evi|
fvlv Av‡›`vjb
 wØ-RvwZ Z‡Ë¡i wfwË‡Z 1947 mv‡ji 14B AvMó cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi Rb¥ nq|
 cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbmsL¨vi cÖvq kZKiv 56 fvM gvby‡li gvZ…fvlv wQj evsjv|
 cÿvšÍ‡i mgMÖ cvwK¯Ív‡bi D`©y fvlvfvwli msL¨v wQj gvÎ 6 fvM|
 wKš‘ ZviciI cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmK‡Mvwô ivóªfvlvi cÖ‡kœ evsjv D‡cÿv K‡i|
 cÖ_g Av‡›`vjb ïiæ K‡i ZgywÏb gRwjk hv GKwU mvs¯‹…wZK †RvU|
 1947 mv‡ji 1 †m‡Þ¤î Aa¨ÿ Aveyj Kv‡kg KZ…K © ZgywÏb gRwjk cÖwZwôZ nq| ZvB Zv‡K fvlv
Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ_g m~ÎcvZKvix ejv nq|
 cÖ_g ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil` MwVZ nq wW‡m¤î 1947 mv‡j, hvi cÖavb wQ‡jb biæj nK fu~Bqv|
~ 223 ~
 cvwK¯Ív‡bi MYcwil‡ì Awa‡ekb e‡m 23 ‡deªæqvwi, 1948 mv‡j KivwP‡Z|

 MYcwil‡ì fvlv wQj 2wU D`©y Ges Bs‡iwR|
 MYcwil‡` fvlv wn‡m‡e evsjv eënv‡ii cÖ_g `vwe K‡ib Ks‡MÖm `jxq m`m¨ ax‡i›`ªbv_ `Ë (Kzwgjøv)|
wZwb e‡jb 4 †KvwU 40 jÿ gvby‡li fvlv evsjv, ZvB c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv evsjv n‡Z n‡e|
 fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b evsjv‡K mg_©b †`q cvwK¯Ívb cwÎKv ÔAvRv`Õ|
 LvRv bvRxg DÏxb 27 Rvbyqvwi 1952 mv‡j e‡jb ÔD`y© Ges D`y©B n‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlvÕ|
 cye©-evsjv fvlv KwgwU MwVZ nq 9 Rvbyqvwi 1949 mv‡j| Gi cÖavb wQj gvIjvbv AvKivg Lvu|
 cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlv evsjv bv D`y© cyw¯ÍKvi †jLK wZbRb Aa¨ÿ Aveyj Kv‡kg, Aveyj gbmyi Avng`
Ges KvRx †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb|
 MvRxDj nK‡K cÖavb K‡i 30 Rvbyqvwi 1952 mv‡j MVb Kiv nq Ôme©`jxq ivóªfvlv msMÖvg KwgwUÕ|
 me©`jxq ivóªfvlv msMÖvg KwgwU cÖ_g ag©NU cvjb K‡i 4 †deªæqvwi 1952 mv‡j|
 1952 mv‡ji 16 †deªæqvwi †K›`ªxq KvivMv‡i e›`x _vKv Ae¯’vq ivóªfvlv evsjvi `vex‡Z AvgiY Abkb
cvjb K‡ib e½eÜz Ges gwZDi ingvb|
 21 ‡deªæqvwi ivóªfvlv wèm cvjb Ges niZvj cvj‡bi wm×všÍ †bq me©`jxq ivóªfvlv msMÖvg KwgwU|
 b~iæj Avwgb miKvi 20 †deªæqvwi 1952 mv‡j weKvj 03.00 Uvq c~e©-evsjvq 188 aviv Rvwi K‡i|
 21 †k †deªæqvwi 1952 mv‡j mKvj 11Uvq 144 aviv f½ K‡i Avãyj gwZb Ges MvRxDj n‡Ki †bZ…‡Z¡|
 ZrKvjxb c~e©-evsjvi Mfb©‡ii Kvhv©jq wQj- RMbœv_ nj, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq|
 fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM`vb Kiv cwil‡ì m`m¨ gvIjvbv Avãyi iwk` ZK©evMxk|
 1952 mv‡ji 21 †deªæqvwi cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z cÖ_g knx` nb iwdK|
 22 †deªæqvwi 1952 mv‡j †kvfv hvÎvq knx` nb eiKZ, ivóªweÁvb wefvM|
 knx` nIqv GKgvÎ XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ eiKZ, ivóªweÁvb wefvM|
 me‡P‡q Kg eqmx knx` AwnDjøvn (8 eQi 9 gvm)|
 1952 mv‡ji Av‡M fvlv wèm cvwjZ nZ 11 gvP©
 ivóªfvlv evsjvKiY cÖ_g `dv wQj hy³d«‡›Ui 21 `dvi g‡a¨|
 ivóªfvlv evsjvi ¯^xK…wZ cvq 23 gvP©, 1956 mvj
 evsjv GKv‡Wwgi c~e© bvg ea©gvb nvDm, hv wQj c~e©-evsjvi g~L¨gš¿xi evmfeb|
 BD‡b‡¯‹vi 29 Zg Awa‡ek‡b 21 †k †deªæqvwi AvšÍRv©wZK gvZ…fvlv wèm wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ cvq 17
b‡f¤î, 1999 mv‡j|
 1999 mvj †_‡K 21‡k †deªæqvwi D`hvwcZ nq knx` wèm wn‡m‡e|
 mviv c„w_ex‡Z GK‡hv‡M AvšÍRv©wZK gvZ…fvlv wèmwU cvwjZ nq 2000 mvj †_‡K|
1954 mv‡ji wbe©vPb I hy³d«›U miKvi
 cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g cÖv‡`wkK wbev©Pb nq 1954 mv‡ji 10 gvP©|
~ 224 ~
 AskMÖnYKvix cÖavb `ywU `j n‡”Q gymjxg jxM I AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡ hy³d«›U|
 hy³d«‡›Ui †gvU `j 4wU|
 hy³d«›U MwVZ nq 1953 mv‡ji 4 wW‡m¤î|
 hy³d«‡›Ui Bk‡Znvi wQj 21 `dv wfwËK|
 21 `dvi cÖ_g `dv wQj evsjv‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ab¨Zg ivóªfvlv Kiv|
 1954 mv‡ji wbev©P‡b c~e©-evsjv AvBb cwil` gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ msiwÿZ wQj 237wU Avmb|
 wbev©P‡bi djvdj: hy³d«›U-223wU Avmb (¯^Zš¿mn-236wU)/gymwjg jxM- 9wU Avmb|
 hy³d«‡›U miKv‡ii gwšÍš¿mfv MwVZ nq 3 GwcÖj 1954 mv‡j|
 hy³d«›U gš¿xmfvi mgvwß nq 1954 mv‡ji 3 †g|
 hy³d«›U gš¿xmfvi †gqv` wQ‡jv 56 w`b|
cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g kvmbZš¿
 cvwK¯Ív‡bi MYcwil` ÔcvwK¯Ívb kvmbZš¿ wejÕ DÌvwcZ K‡i 1956 mv‡ji 9 Rvbyqvwi|
 cvwK¯Ívb Bmjvgx cÖRvZš¿ we‡ji Kvh©Ki nq 23 gvP©, 1956|
 ZrKvjxb c~e©evsjvi g~L¨gš¿x wQ‡jb û‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x©|
 cvwK¯Ívb kvmbZš¿ wejwU cvwK¯Ívb Bmjvgx cÖRvZš¿ wej bv‡g cwiwPZ|
KvMgvix m‡¤§jb
 m‡¤§jb ¯’vb: Uv½vB‡ji m‡šÍv‡l ZrKvjxb wmivRMÄ ‡Rjv|

 KvMgvix m‡¤§jb nq 1957 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi‡Z|
 m‡¤§jb mfvcwZZ¡ K‡ib gvIjvbv Avãyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx|
 cÖavb AwZw_ wQ‡jb û‡mb knx` ‡mvnivIqv`x©|
 fvmvbx cvwK¯Ív‡bi †Kw›`ªq miKv‡ii cÖwZ ûwkqvi D”PviY K‡i e‡jb- Òhw` c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b †kvlY
Ae¨vnZ _v‡K, Z‡e cwðg cvwK¯Ívb‡K ÔAvmmvjvgy AvjvBKzgÕ Rvbv‡Z eva¨ n‡e|Ó
wkÿv Av‡›`vjb
 ‰elg¨g~jK Ôkixd wkÿv KwgkbÕ MwVZ nq 1962 mv‡j

 1964 mv‡j nvwg`yi ingvb wkÿv Kwgk‡b cybivq 62-Gi wkÿvbxwZ‡Z AšÍfy³
© Kiv n‡j Av‡›`vjb
†eMevb nq|
 1969 mv‡ji 11 `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ_g `dv wQj- 62-Gi wkÿvbxwZ evwZj|
~ 225 ~
6 `dv Av‡›`vjb
 Qq `dv DÌvc‡bi ¯’vb: jv‡nvi|

 cÖ_g Qq `dv DÌvcb- 1966 mv‡ji 5-6 ‡deªæqvwi|
 Qq `dv AvbyôvwbKfv‡e cÖ_g cÖKvk- 13 †deªæqvwi 1966|
 jv‡nv‡i AvbyôvwbKfv‡e Qq`dv †NvlYv- 23 gvP© 1966 mvj|
 Qq `dv iwPZ nq jv‡nvi cÖv¯Íve I wmgjv cÖ¯Íve Abyhvqx|
 Qq `dv Aby‡gv`b cvq 1966 mv‡ji 18 gvP©, AvIqvgx jx‡Mi evwl©K m‡¤§j‡b|
 Qq `dv ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ niZvj cvjb- 7Ryb, 1966|
AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv
 AvMiZjv gvgjv nq 1968 mv‡ji 3 Rvbyqvwi|

 GB gvgjv K‡i cvwK¯Ívb miKvi|
 †h Awf‡hvM K‡i:- c~e© evsjv‡K cvwK¯Ívb n‡Z gy³ K‡i fvi‡Zi mv‡_ mshyw³i ‡hvMmvRk Kivi Rb¨|
 cÖavb Avmvgx e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb|
 ‡gvU Avmvwg Kiv nq 35 Rb‡K|
 gvgjvi bvg: ivóª‡`ªvwnZv ebvg †kL gywRe I Ab¨vb¨|
 AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi wePvi Kvh© ïiæ nq 19 Ryb 1968 mv‡j (Kzwg©‡Uvjv †mbvwbev‡m)|
 AvMiZjv gvgjvi Ab¨Zg Avmvgx mv‡R©›U Rûiæj nK‡K ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq 15 †deªæqvwi 1969 mv‡j|
 AvMiZjv gvgjvi wePviKvh© m¤úv`b Kivi Rb¨ MwVZ Av`vj‡Zi cÖavb wQ‡jb wePvicwZ Gm G ingvb|
69 Gi MbAfz¨Ìvb
 ïiæ nq 6 wW‡m¤î, 1968 mv‡j|

 me©`jxq QvÎmsMÖvg cwil` MVb- 1969 mv‡ji 5 Rvbyqvwi|
 1969 Gi MYAfz¨Ìv‡bi cÖZ¨ÿ djvdj- AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi I AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb|
 1969 Gi MYAfy¨Ìv‡b knx`- Avmv`, 1969 mv‡ji 20 Rvbyqvwi (MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi cÖ_g knx`)|
 Avmv` †M‡Ui c~e© bvg AvBqye †MU|
 1969 mv‡ji 24 Rvbyqvwi knx` nq gwZDi ingvb (XvKvi eKkxevRv‡ii beKzgvi Bbw÷wUD‡Ui 10g
†kÖwYi QvÎ)
~ 226 ~
70-Gi mvaviY wbev©Pb I djvdj
 RvZxq cwil‡ì wbev©P‡bi ZvwiL ‡NvwlZ nq 28 gvP©, 1970 mv‡j|

 RvZxq cwil‡ì wbe©vPb nq 7 wW‡m¤î, 1970 mv‡j|
 RvZxq wbev©P‡bi djvdj- AvIqvgx jxM cvq- 167 wU (169wUi g‡a¨) Ges wcwcwc- 138wUi g‡a¨
cvq 88 Avmb|
 cÖv‡`wkK wbev©P‡bi djvdj- AvIqvgx jxM 300 wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 288 wU Avmj jvf K‡i|
gyw³hy‡×i NUbvejx
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv I †NvlYvcÎ
 ¯^vaxbZvi cÖ_g †NvlYv †`b e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb|

 mgqKvj: 25 gvP© gaïvZ/26 gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i|
 ‡NvlYvi cÖ_g jvBb: This may be my last message, from tody Bangladesh is
independent|
 ‡NvlYvi †kl jvBb: Your fight must go on until the last soldier of the Pakistan
occupation army is expelled from the soil of Bangladesh and final victory is
achieved|
 e½eÜz ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv †`b avbgwÛi 32 b¤î evwo †_‡K BwcAvi Iq¨vi‡j‡mi gv‡a¨‡g|
 e½eÜzi ¯^vaxbZvi †Nvlbv cÖPvi K‡ib PÆMÖv‡gi AvIqvgx jxM †bZv Gg. G nvbœvb I †gRi wRqvDi
ingvb
 ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎ Rvwi K‡ib ˆmq` bRiæj Bmjvg|
 evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎ Rvwi 10 GwcÖj, 1971 mv‡j|
 evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎ cvV Kiv nq 17 GwcÖj, 1971 mv‡j|
 ‡NvlYvcÎ Abyhvqx gyw³i msMÖvg ïiæ nq 26 gvP©, 1971 †_‡K|
 †NvlbvcÎ Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki ivRavbx Kiv nq gywRebMi‡K|
 evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎ cvV K‡ib Aa¨vcK BDmyd Avjx|
 ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki †NvlYvcÎ msweavb mshy³ nq 30 Ryb, 2019 Zvwi‡L cÂ`k ms‡kvabxi gv‡a¨‡g|
 ¯^vaxbZvi ‡NvlbvcÎ Abyhvqx mk¯¿ gyw³‡hv× ïiæ nq 26 gvP©, 1971|
 ¯^vaxbZvi Bk‡Znvi cvV Kiv nq 3 gvP©, 1971, cëb gq`v‡b|
 25 †g 1971 †_‡K 16 wW‡m¤î 1971 ch©šÍ ¯^vaxbevsjv †eZvi‡K›`ª †_‡K PigcÎ cvV K‡ib⎯ Gg
Avi AvLZvi gyKzj|
~ 227 ~
gywRebMi miKvi
 MVb: 10 GwcÖj, 1971 †g‡nicy‡ii ‰e`¨bv_ Zjvi f‡eicvov MÖv‡g (hvi eZ©gvb bvg gywRebMi)|
 kc_ MÖnY: 17 GwcÖj 1971
 17 GwcÖj 1971 mvj †_‡K MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki hvÎv nq|
 MVb K‡i: ‰mq` bRiæj Bmjvg|
 kc_ Abyôvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib: Avãyj gvbœvb|
 kc_ I ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv cÎ cvV K‡ib: Aa¨vcK BDmyd Avjx|
 cÖevmx Kvhv©jq: KjKvZvi w_‡qUvi †iv‡W (8bs †iv‡W)|
 gyw³hy‡×i me©wabvqK: e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb|
 cÖ_g †mbvcwZ Ges gyw³evwnbxi me©vwabqK: K‡b©j Gg.G.wR Imgvbx|
 wegvb evwnbxi cÖavb I Dc mev©wabvqK: MÖæc K¨v‡Þb G.‡K. (Avãyj Kwig) L›`Kvi|
 Pxd Ae ÷vd: K‡Y©j (Aet) Avãyi ie|
 gywRebMi miKv‡ii gš¿Yvjjq wQj: 12wU |
 m‡e©vcwi gywRebMi miKv‡ii gwš¿cwil` m`m¨ wQj 10 Rb |
 me©`jxq Dc‡`óv KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb: gvIjvbv fvmvbx, m`m¨ wQj: 9 Rb|
 miKv‡ii m`m¨ : 06 Rb
e½eÜz ‡kL gywRei ingvb ivóªcwZ
‰mq` bRiæj Bmjvg Dc ivóªcwZ
ZvRDwÏb Avn‡g` cÖavbgš¿x Ges cÖwZiÿv, Z_¨, m¤úªPvi I †hvMv‡hvM, cwiKíbv wefvM,
wkÿv, mv¯’¨, ¯’vbxq miKvi, kÖg, mgvRKj¨vY, ms¯’vcb I Ab¨vb¨
gš¿bvjq|
GGBPGg Kvgiæ¾vgvb ¯îvóª, mieivn, ÎvY I cybe©vmb Ges K…wl
Gg gbmyi Avjx A_©,wkí I evwYR¨ gš¿bvjq
L›`Kvi †gvkZvK ciivóª, AvBb I msm`
gyw³hy‡×i iY‡KŠkj
 gyw³hy‡×i mgq mgMÖ evsjv‡`k‡K fvM Kiv nq⎯ 11 wU †m±‡i| 11wU †m±‡ii g‡a¨ 10 bs †m±i
wQj †bŠ †m±i (wbqwgZ KgvÛi wQj bv)
 gyw³hy‡× mgMÖ evsjv‡`k‡K fvM Kiv nq⎯ 64wU mve †m±i|
~ 228 ~
‡m±i- 1 PÆMÖvg, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg Ges †dbx b`x ch©šÍ|

‡m±i- 2 ‡bvqvLvjx I Kzwgjøv †Rjvi AvLvDov-‰fie †ijjvBb ch©šÍ Ges XvKv I dwi`cyi †Rjvi
Askwe‡kl|
‡m±i- 3 wm‡jU †Rjvi nweMÄ gnKzgv Ges gqgbwms‡ni wK‡kviMÄ gnKzgv I XvKv †Rjvi Askwe‡kl|
‡m±i- 4 wm‡jU ‡Rjvi c~e©vÂj, †LvqvB-kv‡q¯ÍvMÄ †ijjvBb †_‡K c~e© I DËi w`‡K wm‡jU-WvDwK moK|
‡m±i- 5 wm‡jU †Rjvi cwðg GjvKv Ges wm‡jU-WvDwK moK †_‡K mybvgMÄ-gqgbwmsn moK ch©š|Í
‡m±i- 6 eªþcyÎ b‡ì ZxivÂj Qvov mgMÖ moK ‡_‡K iscyi †Rjv I w`bvRcy‡ii VvKziMvuI|
‡m±i- 7 mgMÖ ivRkvnx †Rjv, w`bvRcyi I VvKziMuvI †Rjvi Askwe‡kl|
‡m±i- 8 Lyjbv,Ö Kzwóqv, h‡kvi Ges dwi`cyi I mvZÿxiv †Rjvi Askwe‡kl|
‡m±i- 9 mvZÿxiv †`ŠjZcyi moKmn Lyjbv mgMÖ `wÿYvÂj Ges ewikvj I cUzqvLvjx †Rjv|
‡m±i- 10 ‡bŠ †m±i; Af¨všÍixY †bŠ-c_ Ges mgy`ª DcK~jxq GjvKv PÆMÖvg I Pvjbv|
‡m±i- 11 wK‡kviMÄ Qvov mgMÖ gqgbwmsn ch©šÍ Ges Uv½vBj †Rjvi Ask|
 gyw³hy‡×i †dvm©:
bvg cÖavb
‡RW ‡gRi wRqvDi ingvb
Gm †gRi †K Gg kwdDjøvn
‡K †gRi Lv‡j` †gvkvid
 AvÂwjK evwnbx:
AvÂwjK evwnbx hy×Kvjxb GjvKv AvÂwjK evwnbx hy×Kvjxb GjvKv
Kv‡ìxqv evwnbx Uv½vBj ‡ngv‡qZ evwnbx dwi`cyi I Lyjbvi
AvKei evwnbx gv¸iv-kÖxcyi Avdmvi e¨vUvwjqb gqgbwmsn
ev‡Zb evwnbx Uv½vBj iwdK gxRv© evwnbx wmivRMÄ
nvwjg evwnbx gvwbKMÄ
 µ¨vK cøvUzb:
➢ µ¨vK cøvUzb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy× PjvKvjxb mg‡q MwVZ †Mwijv Av‡µvgb cwiPvjbvKvix
GK`j Ziæb gyw³‡hv×v‡ì msMwVZ `j|
➢ 5 †_‡K 6 R‡bi GKwU MÖæc ‰Zwi K‡i wnU GÛ ivb c×wZ‡Z SwUKv Avµgb K‡i G †Mwijv `jwU
Ask wbZ|
➢ m¤úªwZ g„ZzëiY Kiv XvKvi mv‡eK †gqi mv‡`K †nv‡mb †LvKv µ¨vK cøvUz‡bi m`m¨ wQ‡jb|
gyw³hy×Kvwjb wewfbœ ‡bZ…e„›`
fviZ
ivóªcwZ eivnwMwi †f¼U wMwi
cÖavbgš¿x kÖxgwZ Bw›ìv MvÜx
ciivóªgwš¿x kiY wms
~ 229 ~
cwðge‡½i gyL¨gš¿x ARq Kzgvi gyLvR©x

hy³ivR¨
cÖavbgš¿x GWIqvW© wn_
ciivóªgš¿x A¨v‡jK WMjvm wnDg
ivwkqv
ivóªcwZ wb‡KvjvB †cv`‡M©vwb
cÖavbgš¿x Av‡j‡·B †KvwmwMwb
ciivóªgš¿x Av‡›`ª †MÖvwg‡Kv
hy³ivóª
ivóªcwZ wiPvW© wb·b
ciivóªgš¿x DBwjqvg iRvm©
cÖavb wbivcËv Dc‡`óv ‡nbwi wKwmÄvi
gyw³hy×wfwËK Acv‡ikb
Acv‡ikb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨

Acv‡ikb R¨vKcU evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³‡hv‡×i mgq 1971 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívbx †bŠ-kw³‡K aŸsm Kivi Rb¨
cwiPvwjZ Awfhvb|
Acv‡ikb mvP© jvBU 1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© iv‡Z wbixn ev½vwji Dci cvwK¯Ívbx nvbv`vi evwnbxi
nZ¨vhÁ Awfhvb|
Acv‡ikb †K¬vR‡Wvi 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i ci A‰ea A¯¿ D×vi Awfhvb|
Acv‡ikb weM evW© e½eÜz‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì nv‡Z ew›` Kivi bvgB Acv‡ikb weM evW©|
cvK‡mbv‡ì G Acv‡ik‡b e½eÜzi †KvW bvg wQj weM evW©|
gyw³hy× cieZ©x NUbvejx
evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ`vbKvix †`k
Ae¯’vb †`k Ae¯’vb †`k

cÖ_g ¯^xK…wZ †`q fyUvb 1g Avwd«Kvb I 1g gymwjg †`k †m‡bMvj
wØZxq ¯^xK…wZ †`q fviZ cÖ_g jvwZb Av‡gwiKvb †`k Av‡R©w›Ubv
cÖ_g BD‡ivcxq †`k †cvj¨vÛ I eyj‡Mwiqv cÖ_g I‡kwbqvb †`k KvbvWv
cÖ_g Av‡gwiKvb †`k KvbvWv cÖ_g Ab-Avie gymwjg †`k gvj‡qwkqv
cÖ_g Avie †`k BivK
(‡bvU: fzUvb Ges fviZ DfqB 6 wW‡m¤î ¯^xK…wZ †`q, wKš‘ fzUvb Avgv‡ì cvk¦©eZ©x †`k fvi‡Zi †_‡K 1
N›Uv Av‡M ¯^xK…wZ Rvbvq| ZvB DËi n‡e fzUvb| A_©r cÖ_g †`k wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`q fzUvb|)
~ 230 ~
gyw³hy‡×i †LZve
 exi‡kÖô- 7 Rb|
 exiDËg- 68 Rb|
 exiweµg- 175 Rb|
 exicÖZxK- 426 Rb|
‡bvU
▪ m‡e©v”P †LZve exi‡kÖô|
▪ me©wb¤œ †LZve exi cÖZxK|
▪ evsjv‡`‡ki me©‡gvU exi DËg 69 Rb, wKš‘ gyw³hy‡× exi DËg n‡jb 68 Rb| KviY me©‡kl 2010
mv‡j †gRi Rvwgj‡K exi DËg Dcvwa †Ìqv nq|
▪ †gRi Rvwgj‡K exi DËg †Ìqvi KviY- 1975 mv‡j e½eÜz‡K NvZK‡ì nvZ †_‡K euvPv‡Z wM‡q
‡gRi Rvwgj g„ZzëiY K‡ib|
GK bR‡i 7 Rb exi‡kÖô
bvg Kg©¯’j Rb¥MÖnbKvix †Rjv

d¬vBU ‡j. gwZDi ingvb wegvbevwnbx XvKv
wmcvnx †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj ‡mbvevwnbx ‡fvjv
j¨vÝ bv‡qK gywÝ Avt ie BwcAvi dwi`cyi
‡¯‹vqvWªb wjWvi iæûj Avwgb †bŠ-evwnbx ‡bvqvLvjx
wmcvnx nvwg`yi ingvb ‡mbvewnbx cwðge½ 24 ciMbv (Lyjbv)
j¨vÝ bv‡qK byi †gvn¤§` BwcAvi bovBj
K¨v‡Þb gwnDwÏb Rvnv½xi †mbvevwnbx ewikvj
gyw³hy‡× we‡`kx‡ì Ae`vb
bvg cwiwPwZ
mvBgb wWªs ➢ 1971 mv‡j XvKvq Kg©iZ weªwUk mvsevw`K ewnwe©‡k¦ me©cÖ_g cvwK¯Ívb
ee©iZvi Lei cÖKvk K‡i|
G‡jb wM‡bmevM© ➢ gvwK©b Kwe|
➢ gyw³hy‡× A_© msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ KweZv cv‡Vi Av‡qvRb K‡ib|
➢ Zvi †jLv Ab¨Zg KweZv ÔSeptember on Jessore Road’
RR© n¨vwimb ➢ gvwK©b bvMwiK|
➢ wZwb 2003 mv‡j gviv hvb|
~ 231 ~
➢ ÔConcert for BangladeshÕ- Gi cÖavb wkíx wQ‡jb|

gv`vi g¨vwiI ➢ BZvwji bvMwiK|
†fibwR ➢ gyw³hy×Kvjxb 4 GwcÖj 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k g„ZzëiY K‡ib|
Av‡`ª© gvqvev ➢ divwm mvwnwZ¨K|
➢ evsjv‡`‡ki gnvb gyw³h‡× AskMÖn‡Yi AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡ib
IqvBj †nvgvi ➢ Rb¥ †b`vij¨v‡Û|
IqvWvij¨vÛ ➢ bvMwiKZ¡ wbDwRj¨vÛ|
➢ 2001 mv‡ji 18B †g A‡÷ªwjqv‡Z g„ZzëiY K‡ib|
➢ gyw³hy‡× ivóªxq †LZvecÖvß GKgvÎ exicÖZxK|
➢ wZwb we‡`kx n‡qI evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e AskMÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb|
RMwRr wms A‡iviv ➢ fvi‡Zi bvMwiK|
➢ gyw³hy×Kvjxb evsjv‡`k-fviZ †hŠ_ Kgv‡Ûi †mbva¨ÿ wQ‡jb|
➢ wbqvwRi AvZ¥mgc©Y `wj‡j †hŠ_ evwnbxi c‡ÿ ¯^vÿi K‡ib|
Concert for Bangladesh
 AbywôZ nq: 1 AvMó, 1971 wbDBq‡K©i ‡gwWmb ¯‹qv‡i|

 Av‡qvRK: †dvevbv|
 e¨vÛj`j: weUjm|
 cÖavb wkíx: RR© n¨vwimb (USA), mnwkíx: iwe ksKi (fviZ)|
 Bangladesh Bangladesh- Mv‡bi myiKvi: ee wWjvb
eyw×Rxex nZ¨vhÁ
 gyw³hy‡×i weR‡qi cÖ°v‡j 14B wW‡m¤î cvwK¯Ívb evwnbx †h b„ksm I ee©iZg nZ¨vhÁ Pvjvq Zv n‡jv
eyw×Rxex nZ¨vhÁ|
 eyw×Rxex wèm 14B wW‡m¤î|
 gyw³hy‡× knx` eyw×Rxex: gybxi †PŠayix, knx` `vk©wbK W. wRwm †è (‡Mvwe›`P›`ª †è)|
cvKevwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©b Ges evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`q
 XvKvi †im‡Kv‡m© gq`v‡b (eZ©gv‡b †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨vb) 16 B wW‡m¤î, 1971 mv‡j we‡Kj 4Uv 31
wgwbU (evsjv‡`k mgq) cvwK¯Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi c‡ÿ †jt †Rbv‡ij Avgxi Avãyjøvn Lvb wbqvRx,
mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK †Rvb-we Ges KgvÛi B÷vb© KgvÛ (cvwK¯Ívb) wgÎevnbxi Kv‡Q HwZnvwmK
AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi `wjj ¯^vÿi K‡i‡Qb|
~ 232 ~
 D³ Abyôv‡b AviI Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb †jt †Rbv‡ij RMwRr wms Av‡iviv, c~e© iYv½‡b fviZ I evsjv‡`k
evwnbxi ‡Rbv‡ij Awdmvi KgvwÛs cÖavb|
 D³ Abyôv‡b gywRebMi miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib MÖæc K¨v‡Þb G.‡K L›`Kvi|
 GQvov Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb MYevwnbxi c‡ÿ Kv‡ì wmwÏKx|
 G mg‡q cvKevwnbxi cÖvq 93000 ‰mb¨ AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡i|
 AvZ¥mgc©‡bi mgq c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i wQ‡jb Wv. Gm. G. gvwjK|
 cÖ_g AvZ¥mgc©YKvix cvK ‡mbvbvqK: †gRi †Rbv‡ij Rvg‡k` |
 evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× cÖ_g kÎægy³ †Rjv: h‡kvi (6 wW‡m¤î)
 1971 mv‡ji 16 B wW‡m¤î evsjv mb I evi wQj: 1378 mb I e„n¯úwZevi|
 evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`‡qi N‡U: 16B wW‡m¤î, 1971| ZvB evsjv‡`‡ki weRq wèm- 16 wW‡m¤î|
 ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i ci evsjv‡`k †_‡K fviZxq ‰mb¨ cÖZ¨vnvi ïiæ nq: 12 gvP©, 1972|
gyw³hy× welqK Av‡iv wKQz K_v
 we‡`wk eÜz‡ì cÖ`Ë m¤§vbbv:

➢ evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv m¤§vbbv- 1 Rb (Bw›ìv MvÜx)|
➢ evsjv‡`k gyw³hy× m¤§vbbv- 15 Rb|
➢ evsjv‡`k ˆgÎx m¤§vbbv- 311 Rb I 11wU msMVb|
 exicÖZxK †LZvicÖvß gvwnjv:
➢ K¨v‡Þi Wv. †mZviv †eMg exicÖZxK (2bs †m±i)|
➢ Zvivgb wewe exicÖZxK (11bs †m±i)|
 GKgvÎ †LZvecÖvß PvKgv Avwèvmx bvMwiK:
➢ BD‡K wPs exiweµg
 gyw³‡ewU bv‡g cwiwPZ
➢ KuvKb wewe
g‡Wj †U÷
1. 7 gv‡P©i fvl‡Y e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb Kq `dv `vwe †ck K‡ib?
K) 6 `dv L) 4 `dv M) 11 `dv N) 7 `dv
2. eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k weiv½bv KZ Rb?
K) 339 L) 340 M) 341 N) 342
3. gyw³hy‡×i mgq evsjv‡`k‡K KqwU mve-‡m±‡i wef³ Kiv nq?
K) 60wU L) 64wU M) 65wU N) 55wU
~ 233 ~
4. gyw³hy× PjvKvjxb mg‡q 6bs †m±i KgvÛvi †K wQ‡jb?

K) DBs KgvÛvi Gg L) ‡gRi Avey Imgvb M) ‡gRi KvRx N) ‡gRi Gg G gÄyi
†K evkvi †Pxayix b~iæ¾vgvb
5. Acv‡ikb R¨vKcU wK??
K) Avqvij¨v‡Ûi ¯^vaxbZvKvgx‡ì GKwU ¸ß msMVb
L) bvrmx evwnbxi †Mvcb ZrciZvi bvg
M) fviZxq Kgv‡Ûv‡ì Awfhv‡bi bvg
N) evsjv‡`‡ki †bŠ-Kgv‡Ûv‡ì Awfhv‡bi bvg
DËi cÎ
1 L 2 K 3 L 4 K 5 N
evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl m¤ú`
evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl m¤ú` ‡_‡K 3 b¤î Av‡m|

(GB Aa¨vqwU covi mgq f~‡Mvj Gi mv‡_ wgwj‡q co‡eb)
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿfv‡e 80 fvM n‡jv K…wlwbf©i|
 K…wl Kv‡h©i gva¨‡g Drcvw`Z m¤ú`‡K K…wl m¤ú` e‡j|
 evsjv‡`‡ki K…wlR m¤ú`‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq-
Lv`¨ km¨ (80%) A_©Kix dmj (20%)

 Lv`¨ km¨: †h mKj km¨ mivmwi Lv`¨ Pvwn`v c~i‡bi Rb¨ Pvlvev` Kiv nq Zv‡K Lv`¨ km¨ ejv nq|
‡hgb- Mg, Wvj, avb, Avjy, fzÆv BZ¨vw`|
 A_©Kix dmj: †h mKj km¨ mivmwi wewµi D‡Ï‡k¨ Pvlvev` Kiv nq Zv‡K A_©Kix dmj ejv nq|
†hgb- Pv, cvU, Bÿz, Zzjv BZ¨vw`|
 dmj Drcv`‡b †gŠmyg
iwe †gŠmyg Lwic †gŠmyg
Lwic-1 Lwic-2
 iwe †gŠmyg-
➢ Avwk¦b gvm †_‡K dvêyb gvm|
➢ iwe km¨‡K kxZKvjxb kmÏ ejv nq|
➢ D`vniY: g~jv, euvavKwc, wkg, U‡g‡Uv BZ¨vw`|
 Lwic †gŠmyg:
➢ G‡K MÖx®§Kvjxb km¨ ejv nq|
~ 234 ~
➢ Lwic-1:
▪ mgqKvj: ˆPÎ †_‡K ‰Rô gvm|
▪ D`vniY: wgwó Kzgov, Kqjv, cUj BZ¨vw`|
➢ Lwic-2:
▪ mgqKvj: Avlvp †_‡K fv`ª gvm|
▪ D`vniY: AvgjwK, RjcvB, Zvj BZ¨vw`|
avb
 avb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb Lv`¨km¨|

 evsjv‡`‡ki Avev`x Rwgi cÖvq 70% Rwg‡Z avb Pvl Kiv nq|
 iscyi, Kzwgjøv, wm‡jU, h‡kvi, wK‡kviMÄ, ivRkvnx, ewikvj, gqgbwmsn, e¸ov, w`bvRcyi, XvKv,
†bvqvLvwj cÖf…wZ AÂ‡j avb †ewk Pvl nq|
 iscy‡i Avgb avb fvj nq|
 avb Pv‡li Rb¨ 16⁰-30⁰ †mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎv cÖ‡qvRb Ges 100 †_‡K 200 †mw›UwgUvi e„wócÖeY
GjvKvq av‡bi djb fv‡jv nq|
 b`x AeevwnKvq cwjgvwU avb Pv‡li Rb¨ we‡kl Dc‡hvMx| GRb¨ evsjv‡`‡k me©ÎB avb R‡b¥|
 G †`‡k g~jZ 4 ai‡bi avb Pvl nq- AvDk, Avgb, †ev‡iv I Bwi|
 evsjv‡`‡k †ivcv Avgb avb KvUv nq AMÖvnvqY-‡cŠl gv‡m|
 AvDk avb DuPz Rwg‡Z, Avgb avb A‡cÿvK…Z wbPz
Rwg‡Z Drcv`b Kiv nq|
 AvDk avb †ivcb Kiv nq RyjvB I AvM÷ gv‡m| GK bR‡i wewfbœ AÂ‡j Pv‡ji bvg:
 evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q †ewk Drcvw`Z nq †ev‡iv avb| av‡bi bvg AÂj
 ‡ev‡iv avb me‡P‡q fvj nq wm‡j‡U| KvUvwi‡fvM w`bvRcyi
 ‡ev‡iv I Bwi avb kxZKvjxb dmj wn‡m‡e wewfbœ wbPz KvwjwRiv ‡bvqvLvwj
Rjvkq mn Ab¨vb¨ Rwg‡Z †mP w`‡q Drcv`b Kiv wPwb¸uov Kzwgjøv
nq| evjvg ewikvj I cUzqvLvjx
 cvwL Qvov gqbv- DbœZ Rv‡Zi avb| weiB gqgbwmsn
 evsjv‡`‡ki DËivÂ‡ji Ôg½vi avbÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ-
weª-33|
 ÔnwiavbÕ n‡jv bZzb Rv‡Zi D”Pdjbkxj †`kR avb|
 nwiavb Avwe®‹vi K‡ib- wSbvB`‡ni nwic` Kvcvjx|
 evsjv‡`‡k nvBweªW avb Drcv`b ïiæ n‡q‡Q 1998 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î †_‡K|
 ‡h ‡Kvb dm‡ji D”P djbkxj cÖRvwZ‡K ms‡ÿ‡c ejv nq Ddkx|
 ÔwebvkvBjÕ avb D™¢veb K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki cigvYy K…wl M‡elYv cÖwZôvb (webv)|
~ 235 ~
 weª (BRRI) KZ©…K D™¢vweZ nvBweªW av‡bi RvZ 2wU| h_v: weª nvBweªW avb-1, weª nvBweªW avb-2|
 me©cÖ_g Ddkx avb Pvjy n‡q GL‡bv eZ©gvb Av‡Q Bwi-8|
 ‰ewPÎ¨gq av‡bi bvg:
av‡bi bvg aiY
ANwb‡eviv Pvj wfRv‡jB fvZ cvIqv hvq
we Avi 33 DËie‡½i g½v GjvKvi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx
weª avb 46 eb¨v cieZ©x GjvKvi Rb¨ Dchy³ avb
weª avb 44, 33, weAvi 11 †Rvqvi-fvUv AÂ‡ji Rb¨ Dchy³ avb
webv 8, webv 9 I weª avb 47 jeYv³Zv mwnòy avb
weª avb 56, 57, 66 Liv cÖeY GjvKvq cvIqv hvq
we Avi 23 jebv³ GjvKvq cvIqv hvq
Mg
 evsjv‡`‡ki wØZxq Lv`¨ km¨|

 evsjv‡`‡ki DËivÂ‡ji †Rjv ¸‡jv Mg Pv‡li Rb¨ we‡kl Dc‡hvMx|
 w`bvRcyi, cvebv, iscyi, ivRkvnx AÂj Mg Pv‡li Rb¨ Dchy³|
 Mg Pv‡li Rb¨ 16⁰-22⁰ †mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎv cÖ‡qvRb|
 Mg Pv‡li Rb¨ 50 †_‡K 75 †mw›UwgUvi e„wócv‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb|
 evsjv‡`‡ki De©i †`v Avuk gvwU Mg Pv‡li Rb¨ mnvqK|
 evsjv‡`‡ki iæwUi Szwo ejv nq VvKziMvI‡K| (‡KD w`bvRcyi wb‡q wØavMÖ¯’ n‡eb bv)
cvU
 cvU evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb A_©Kix dmj|

 cvU Drcv`‡b kxl© †`k fviZ|
 cvU Drcv`‡b evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb wØZxq|
 cvU ißvwb‡Z kxl© †`k evsjv‡`k|
 c„w_exi cÖvq GK-Z„Zxqvsk cvU evsjv‡`‡k Drcbœ nq|
 ‰e‡`wkK g~`ªv AR©‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i e‡j cvU‡K †mvbvjx Avuk ejv nq|
 evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q †ewk cvU Drcvw`Z nq dwi`cy‡i|
 XvKv, gqgbwmsn I Kzwgjøv AÂj evsjv‡`‡ki †kÖô cvUejq|
 cvU Pv‡li Rb¨ 20⁰-35⁰ †mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎv cÖ‡qvRb|
 cvU Pv‡li Rb¨ 150-250 †mw›UwgUvi e„wócv‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb|
 b`xi AeevwnKvq cwjhy³ †`vAvuk gvwU cvU Pv‡li Rb¨ we‡kl mnvqK|
~ 236 ~
 evsjv‡`‡k mvaviYZ 2 ai‡Yi cvU Pvl nq- †`kx Ges †Zvlv cvU|
 RyUb n‡jv cvU I Zzjvi mswgkÖ‡b GK ai‡bi Kvco| G‡Z 70 fvM cvU I 30 fvM Zzjv _v‡K|
 RyUb Avwe®‹vi K‡ib W. †gvnv¤§` wmwÏKzjvø n|
 evsjv‡`‡ki weÁvbxiv cv‡Ui Rxebinm¨ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib 2010 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m weÁvbx W. gvKmy`yi
Avj‡gi †bZ…‡Z¡|
 cvU †_‡K RyU cwjgvi ˆZwii c×wZ Avwe®‹v‡ii cw_K…Z- evsjv‡`‡ki weÁvbx †gveviK Avng` Lvb|
 cvU cuPv‡bvi cÖwµqv‡K weib ‡iwUs e‡j|
 GKwU KuvPv cv‡Ui MvB‡Ui IRb 3.5 gY|
 m¤úªwZ cvU‡K K…wl fZ©ywKi AvIZvfz³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 cvU‡K K…wlcY¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q 6 gvP©, 2017 (cvU wèm 6 gvP©)|
 ‡`‡k cv‡Ui cÖavb evwbR¨‡K›`ª wQj bvivqYMÄ|
 RvZxq cvU bxwZ cÖYqb Kiv nq 2016 mv‡j|
 cvURvZ †gvoK eënvi Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK 19wU c‡Y¨|
 e¯¿ wkí AvBb nq 2015 mv‡j|
Pv wkí
 evsjv‡`‡ki wØZxq A_©Kix dmj Pv|

 Pv wèm 4 wW‡m¤î|
 Pv Gi Avw` wbevm Pxb|
 Pv Pv‡li Rb¨ Dchy³ ZvcgvÎv n‡jv 15 †_‡K 17 wWMÖx †mjwmqvm|
 Pv‡qi ivR¨- kÖxg½j, †gŠjfxevRvi|
 eZ©gv‡b †`‡k †gvU Pv evMvb 167wU (me©‡kl- Mv‡iv wnjm wU, wSbvBMvZx, †kicyi)|
 me‡P‡q †ewk Pv evMvb †gŠjfxevRv‡i (91wU)|
 cÖ_g Pv evMvb- gvjbxQov, wm‡jU (1854 mv‡j)|
 Pv †evW© PÆMÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
 ‡`‡ki wØZxq AvšÍR©vwZK Pv wbjvg †K›`ª- kÖxg½j|
 PÆMÖv‡gi AvMÖvev‡` cÖ_g Pv wbjvg †K›`ª cÖwZôv Kiv nq (1949 mv‡j)|
 Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖ_g Pv evMvb gvjbxQov Pv evMvb, wm‡jU| cÖwZôv K‡ib- jW© nvW©mb|
 evsjv‡`k Z_v Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖ_g Pv evMvb cÖwZwôZ nq 1840 mv‡j PÆMvg K¬ve GjvKvq|
 Dcgnv‡`‡k Pv wk‡íi Rb¥¯’vb ejv nq PÆMÖvg‡K|
 evsjv‡`k Z_v cvK-fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖ_g evwbwR¨Kfv‡e Pv Pvl ïiæ nq 1854 mv‡j, wm‡j‡U|
 we‡k¦ cÖ_g Pv Pvl ïiæ nq Px‡b (1650 mv‡j)|
 evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g AM©vwbK Pv evMvb ¯’vwcZ nq cÂM‡o 2000 mv‡j|
~ 237 ~
 Pv‡qi †`k ejv nq kÖxg½j‡K|

 Pv wkí †_‡K RvZxq wRwWwc Av‡m 1%|
 Pv Rv`yNi Aew¯’Z †gŠjwfevRv‡ii kÖxg½‡j|
 ÔPv‡qi ‡`‡k ¯^vMZgÕ fv¯‹‡h©i Ae¯’vb †gŠjwfevRv‡ii kÖxg½‡j|
Avjy
 ¯ú¨vwbk ÔPatata’ ‡_‡K Potato G‡m‡Q|

 Iqv‡ib †nw÷s Gi D‡`¨v‡M evsjvq Avjyi Pvl ïiæ nq|
 ‡b`vij¨vÛ †_‡K Avjy evsjv‡`‡k Avbv nq|
 Avjy evsjv‡`‡ki Z…Zxq A_©Kix dmj|
 Avjy Drcv`‡b kxl© †`k Pxb|
 Avjy Drcv`‡b evsjv‡`k mßg|
 19 †m‡Þ¤î, 2019 †_‡K cieZ©x 3 eQ‡ii Rb¨ Awbqwš¿Z dmj †NvlYv Kiv nq Avjy‡K|
Avg
 Avg Drcv`b †ewk nq w`bvRcy‡i|

 Avg M‡elYv †K›`ª PuvcvBbeveM‡Ä Aew¯’Z|
 DbœZRv‡Zi Avg n‡”Q j¨vsov, †Mvcvj †fvM, wngmvMi, gnvb›`v, Av¤ªcvwj, wLimvcvwZ BZ¨vw`|
 bZzb D™¢vweZ ev‡ivgvwm Av‡gi Rv‡Zi bvg- †MŠogwZ (PuvcvBbeveM‡Ä cvIqv hvq)|
 2018 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki Z…Zxq ÔwR. AvBÕ cY¨ wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ cvq wÿimvcvwZ Avg|
evsjv‡`‡k Drcvw`Z DbœZ dm‡ji RvZ
km¨ bvg
Mg ‡mvbvwjKv, AvKei, eiKZ, Avb›`, †`v‡qj, ejvKv, KvÂb, kZvãx, AMÖYx
avb gqbv, gy³v, Avkv, weªkvBj, BivUg, bvwiKv-1, †mvbvi evsjv 1, wecøe, nwiavb, Pvw›`bvg
euvavKwc ‡Mv‡ìb µm, †K IqvB µm, wMÖb G·‡cÖm, A¨vUbvg-70, Wªvg †nW
U‡g‡Uv gvwbK, iZb, wg›Uz, SzgKv, Ac~e©, evnvi
ZigyR gayevjv (nj‡` Rv‡Zi ZigyR), cÙv
Avjy KvwW©‡bj, WvqgÛ, Kzdix I my›ìx
Kjv Ag„ZmvMi, wmsMvcyix, AwMœk¦i, †gvnbeuvkx, KvbvBeuvkx, exU Rev
Zzjv iƒcvjx, †Wj‡dvR
fzÆv eY©vjx, ïå, DËiY
~ 238 ~
[www.studybd.net]
mwilv mdj, AMÖYx, wKiYx wWGm-1

ZvgvK mygvÎv I g¨vwbjv
‡e¸b ïKZviv, Zvivcyix, BIiv
‡cqviv evwi †cqviv-4 (weuwPgy³)
K…wlwfwËK cÖwZôvb I M‡elYv ‡K›`ª
bvg Ae¯’vb
AvšÍR©vwZK avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU (IRRI) g¨vwbjv, wdwjcvBb
evsjv‡`k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU (BRRI) Rq‡ècyi, MvRxcyi
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU (BARI) Rq‡ècyi, MvRxcyi
evsjv‡`k cigvYy K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU (BINA) evsjv‡`k K…wl wek¦we`¨vjq, gqgbwmsn
evsjv‡`k K…wl Dbœqb K‡c©v‡ikb (BADC) gwZwSj, XvKv
evsjv‡`k grm¨ M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU gqgbwmsn
Zzjv Dbœqb †evW© dvg©‡MU, XvKv
evsjv‡`k cvU M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU gvwbK wgqv GwfwbD, dvg©‡MU, XvKv
evsjv‡`k wPwb I Lv`¨ wkí K‡c©v‡ikb w`jKzkv, XvKv
evsjv‡`k †gŠgvwQ cvjb Bbw÷wUDU XvKv
evsjv‡`k cÖvwYm¤ú` M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU mvfvi, XvKv
evsjv‡`k Bÿz M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU (BSRTI) Ck¦i`x, cvebv
AvÂwjK exR cixÿvMvi Ck¦i`x, cvebv
RvZxq exR cixÿvMvi MvRxcyi
evsjv‡`k Avg M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU PuvcvBbeveMÄ
evsjv‡`k gkjv M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU wkeMÄ, e¸ov
evsjv‡`k Wvj M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU Ck¦i`x, cvebv
evsjv‡`k Lv`¨ I cywó Bbw÷wUDU XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
evsjv‡`k Pv M‡elYv †evW© PÆMÖvg
evsjv‡`k Pv M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU kÖxg½j, wm‡jU
evsjv‡`k †ikg M‡elYv I cÖwkÿY Bbw÷wUDU ivRkvnx
eZ©gvb mg‡q Av‡jvwPZ †cuqvR
 ‡cuqvR †Kv‡bv mewR bq|

 GwU GKwU gmjv RvZxq Dw™¢`|
 Gi êÁvwbK bvg Allium Cepa|
 2018 mv‡ji cÖwZ‡e`b Abyhvqx-
~ 239 ~
➢ †cuqvR Drcv`‡b kxl© †`k Pxb|

➢ ‡cuqvR ißvwb‡Z kxl© †`k †b`vij¨vÛm|
➢ ‡cuqvR Avg`vwb‡Z kxl© †`k: hy³ivóª|
 m¤úªwZ evsjv‡`k †cuqvR Avg`vwb K‡i 8wU †`k †_‡K|
 8wU †`k n‡”Q: fviZ, cvwK¯Ívb, wgqvbgvi, wgki, Pxb, Zzi¯‹, mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ I DR‡ewK¯Ívb|
 evsjv‡`‡ki ‡cuqv‡Ri fvÛvi e‡j L¨vZ cvebvi muvw_qv|
K…wl welqK Av‡iv wKQz Z_¨
 A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2019 Abyhvqx, K…wli Dci wbf©ikxj kÖgRxex gvbyl- 40.6%|
 2018-19 A_©eQ‡i K…wl Lv‡Zi Ae`vb- 13.6%|
 evsjv‡`‡ki Rwgi e›Ub:
➢ ‡gvU Rwgi cwigvY: 1,45,77,771 †n±i|
➢ K…wl Rwgi cwigvY: 1,21,76,904 †n±i|
➢ Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwgi cwigvY: 87,51,937 †n±i|
➢ gv_vwcQz Avevw` Rwgi cwigvY: 0.13 GKi|
 e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb K…wl wek¦we`¨vjq D™¢veb K‡i‡Q bZzb Rv‡Zi †Pwi U‡g‡Uv- ÔweBD †Pwi
U‡g‡Uv-1Õ|
 evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU eûg~Î †ivM wbqš¿b, †KvôKvwVb¨ `~i, nRg kw³ I iæwP ea©‡Y Kvh©Kix
gmjv D™¢veb K‡i‡Q|
 D™¢vweZ Rv‡Zi bvg †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Ôevwi wdwiw½-1Õ|
g‡Wj †U÷
1. evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q †ewk Pv Drcbœ nq?

K) nweMÄ †Rjvq L) wm‡jU †Rjvq M) eªvþbevwoqv †Rjvq N) ‡gŠjfxevRvi †Rjvq
2. ÔeY©jxÕ Ges ÔïåÓ wK?
K) DbœZ Rv‡Zi fzÆv L) DbœZ Rv‡Zi Mg M) DbœZ Rv‡Zi Avg N) DbœZ Rv‡Zi Pvj
3. evsjv‡`‡ki ÔiæwUi SzwoÕ ejv nq †Kvb †Rjv‡K?
K) bv‡Uvi L) bIMuv M) w`bvRcyi N) VvKziMuvI
DËi cÎ
1 N 2 K 3 N
~ 240 ~
evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v, Av`gïgvwi I DcRvwZ
RbmsL¨v
 RbmsL¨vq mvK©fz³ †`‡ki g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb Z…Zxq, gymwjg we‡k¦ PZz_© Ges Gwkqvq cÂg|
 GKwU †`‡ki RbmsL¨v‡K AvbyôvwbKfv‡e MYbv Kivi c×wZ‡Z Av`gïgvwi e‡j|
 evsjv‡`‡k Av`gïgvwi cwiPvjbv K‡i evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv|
 1872 mv‡j jW© †g‡qvi kvmbvg‡j fviZe‡l© cÖ_g Av`gïgvwi nq|
 ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k G ch©šÍ Av`gïgvwi nq 5wU- 1974 (cÖ_g), 1981, 1991, 2001 Ges me©‡kl 15-
19 gvP©, 2011 mv‡j|
 evsjv‡`‡k Av`gïgvwi AbywôZ nq cÖwZ 10 eQi ci ci|
 cieZ©x Av`gïgvwi AbywôZ n‡e 2021 mv‡j|
 GB Av`gïgvix‡Z GB cÖ_g we‡`‡k Ae¯’vbKvix evsjv‡`kx‡ì msL¨v MYbv Kiv n‡e|
 evsjv‡`k RbmsL¨vi †evbvm hy‡M cÖ‡ek K‡i 2012 mv‡j|
wek¦ RbmsL¨v wi‡cvU© 2019
‰ewkó¨ ‡`k
RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi me‡P‡q †ewk Igvb
RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi me‡P‡q Kg wmwiqv
mvK©fz³ †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi me‡P‡q †ewk AvdMvwb¯Ívb
mvK©fz³ †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi me‡P‡q Kg kÖxj¼v
mvK©fz³ †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ RbmsL¨vq Z…Zxq esjv‡`k
kxl© cÖRbb nv‡ii †`k bvBRvi
kxl© Rbeûj †`k Pxb
me©wb¤œ Rbeûj †`k Uªyf¨vjy
k~b¨ RbmsL¨vi †`k Avj‡ewbqv Ges †ejviæk
RbmsL¨v I RbZvwË¡K m~PK 2018
‰ewkó¨ msL¨v
evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ 1116 Rb
cyiæl I bvixi AbycvZ 100.2 t 100
¯’zj g„Zz¨nvi 5 Rb cÖwZ nvRv‡i
~ 241 ~
¯’zj Rb¥nvi 18.3 Rb cÖwZ nvRv‡i

cÖZ¨vwkZ Avqy®‹vj 72.3 eQi (cyiæl 70.8 Ges bvix 73.8)
mvÿiZvi nvi 73.2%
bjK~c ev U¨v‡ci cvwb eënviKvix 98%
we`y¨r cvq 90.1%
A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2019
‰ewkó¨ msL¨v ‰ewkó¨ msL¨v

‡gvU RbmsL¨v 16.37 †KvwU gv_vwcQz wRwWwc 1,827 Wjvi
RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ 1,103 Rb ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv 76.8%
eënviKvix
RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi 1.37% ¯^vÿiZvi nvi 72.3%
Mo Avqy 72 eQi ‡gvU kÖg kw³ 6.35 †KvwU
wkï g„Zzï nvi cÖwZ nvRv‡i 24 Rb ‡mevLv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ 39%
cyiæl t bvix 100.2 t 100 wkíLv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ 20.4%
`vwi‡`ªï nvi 21.8% K…wlLv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ 40.6%
Pig `vwi‡`ªï nvi 11.3% Wv³vi cÖwZ RbmsL¨v 1,724 Rb
wRwWwc cÖe„w×i nvi 8.13% my‡cq cvwb MÖnYKvix 98%
gv_vwcQz RvZxq Avq 1,909 Wjvi
RbmsL¨v welqK Av‡iv wKQz Z_¨
 evsjv‡`‡k me©cÖ_g wkï AvBb cÖYxZ nq 1974 mv‡j|

 RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb` ev¯Íevq‡b evsjv‡`‡k wkï AvBb cÖYxZ nq 2013 mv‡j|
 RvZxq wkï bxwZ cÖYxZ nq 2011 mv‡j|
 wkï AvBb 2013 mv‡j cÖYxZ nq|
 RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb` Abyhvqx wkïi eqmmxgv 0-18 eQi|
 kÖg AvB‡b Kg©‡ÿ‡Î wkïi cÖ‡e‡ki b~¨bZg eqm 18 eQi|
 wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixi eqmmxgv 14 †_‡K 18 eQi|
 evsjv‡`‡ki XvKv †Rjvq me‡P‡q †ewk I ev›ìevb †Rjvq me‡P‡q Kg †jvK evm K‡i|
 evsjv‡`‡k ¯^vÿiZvi nvi me‡P‡q †ewk ewikvj wefv‡M|
 evsjv‡`‡k ¯^vÿiZvi nvi me‡P‡q Kg wm‡jU wefv‡M|
 evsjv‡`‡k bvixi we‡qi b~¨bZg eqm 18 eQi|
 evsjv‡`‡k cyiæ‡li we‡qi b~¨bZg eqm 21 eQi|
 RvZxq RbmsL¨v bxwZ cÖYxZ nq I cwievi cwiKíbv Kg©m~wP M„nxZ nq 1976 mv‡j|
~ 242 ~
 evsjv‡`‡k RbmsL¨v welqK M‡elYv cÖwZôvb- National Institute of Population Research &
Training (NIPORT)|
 NIPORT Aew¯’Z AvwRgcy‡i|
 NIPORT ¯^v¯’¨ I cwieviKj¨vY gš¿bvj‡qi Aaxb|
 mšÍv‡bi cwiPq `v‡b gv‡qi bvg D‡jø‡Li wbqg cÖeZ©Y nq 24 AvM÷, 2004 mv‡j|
 gwnjv PvKzixRxex‡ì Rb¨ gvZ…Z¡Kvjxb QzwU 6 gvm|
 evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ RvZxq wK‡kvix Dbœqb †K›`ª- †Kvbvevox, MvRxcyi-1|
 bvix I wkï wbh©vZb `gb AvBb cÖYxZ nq 2000 mv‡j|
 evsjv‡`k RvZxq wK‡kvi Dbœqb †K›`ª 2wU-
➢ U½x, MvRxcyi (cÖ_g)
➢ cy‡ji nvU, h‡kvi (wØZxq)
GKbR‡i evsjv‡`‡ki K‡qKwU DcRvwZ
PvKgv • Mv‡iv‡ì cÖavb c~Rv ev Drm‡ei bvg

• PvKgv k‡ãi A_© gvbyl| IqvsMvjv|
• ‡`‡ki e„nËg b„-‡Mvôx| gwYcyix
• PvKgv‡ì fvlv AvivKvwb| • gwbcyix‡ì fvlv: weòywcÖqv/‰g‰Z|
• G‡ì wcZ…Zvwš¿K cwievi| • ag©: mbvZb wn›`y ev êòe|
• Ae¯’vb: ivOvgvwU, LvMovQwo, ev›ìevb| • cwievi: wcZ…Zvwš¿K
• Dcmbvjq n‡”Q ‡R¨vs| • Ae¯’vb: wm‡jU, †gŠjfxevRvi
• PvKgviv g‡½vwjq‡ì eskai| muvIZvj
• 18 AvM÷ 2019 mv‡j kxl© mvgvwRK • Ae¯’vb: ivRkvnxi e‡i›`ª AÂ‡j|
†hvMv‡hvM gva¨g †dBmeyK Zv‡ì AÂj • cwievi: wcZ…Zvwš¿K|
dig¨v‡U evsjv fvlvi cvkvcvwk PvKgv fvlv • ag©: mbvZb I wLª÷vb|
hy³ K‡i‡Q| • fvlv: Aw÷ªK|
Lvwmqv • ‘Land of Lord’ n‡jv muvIZvj‡ì wb‡q
• cÖavb fvlv eg©x| iwPZ cÖvgvb¨ Pjw”PÎ|
• cwievi: gvZ…Zvwš¿K| ivLvBb
• ag©: Avw` ag©‡Mvôx| • Ae¯’vb: cUzqvLvjx|
• Ae¯’vb: wm‡jU, nweMÄ| • cÖavb Drme: Rj‡Kwj|
Mv‡iv • cÖavb ag©: †eŠ×|
• cÖavb ag©: wLª÷vb I Avw` ag©‡Mvôx| • cwievi: wcZ…Zvwš¿K|
• Mv‡iv fvlvi ¯’vbxq bvg: gvw›`| wÎcyiv/wUciv
• HwZnëvnx a‡g©i bvg mvsmv‡iK|
~ 243 ~
• Ae¯’vb: cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg, PÆMÖvg, †bvqvLvjx, • cÖavb Drme: mvsjvb|

Kzwgjøv, dwi`cyi, XvKv| ‡¤ªv
• ag©: mbvZb| • Ae¯’vb: ev›ìevb|
• cÖavb Drme: êmyK| • ag©: †bB|
cvOb • cÖavb Drme: K¬ecvB|
• Ae¯’vb: †gŠjfxevRvi| nvRs
• ag©: Bmjvg| • Ae¯’vb: e„nËg gqgbwmsn wefvM I mybvgMÄ|
• cÖavb Drme: C`yj wdZi I AvRnv • ag©: mbvZb|
wLqvs ivReskx
• Ae¯’vb: ev›ìevb| • Ae¯’vb: iscyi, †kicyi|
• ag©: †eŠ×| • ag©: cÖK…wZ c~Rvwi|
GK bR‡i me DcRvwZ‡ì Ae¯’vb
DcRvwZ Ae¯’vb
muvIZvj ivRkvnx, iscyi, e¸ov, w`bvRcyi
PvKgv iv½vgvwU, LvMovQwo, ev›ìevb I K·evRvi
Lvwmqv wm‡jU †Rjvi mxgvšÍeZ©x ˆRqwšÍKv cvnv‡o|
wÎcyiv (wUciv) Kzwgjøv
gM (gvigv I ivLvBb) gvigv‡ì Ae¯’vb ev›ìev‡b wP¤^yK cvnv‡oi cv`‡`‡k|
ivLvBb‡ì Ae¯’vb K·evRvi I cUzqvLvjx‡Z|
‡¤ªv ev›ìevb
PvK ev›ìevb
ZÂ½¨v LvMovQwo, ev›ìevb, iv½vgvwU, PÆMÖvg I K·evRvi
Mv‡iv gqgbwmsn, †kicyi, †bÎ‡Kvbv I Uv½vBj
cvOb ‡gŠjfxevRvi
evIqvjx I ‡gŠqvj my›ìeb
ivReskx iscyi
Lywg ev›ìevb
jymvB LvMovQwo, ev›ìevb, iv½vgvwU
wLqvs ev›ìevb
gyÛv wm‡jU
IivI w`bvRcyi, iscyi, ivRkvnx, e¸ov
eb‡RvMx iv½vgvwU, LvMovQwo, ev›ìevb
cvs‡Lvqv ev›ìevb I iv½vgvwU
~ 244 ~
gwbcyix wm‡jU, †gŠjfxevRvi Ges nweMÄ †Rjvi Avmvg-cvnvo AÂ‡j|

nvRs gqgbwmsn I †bÎ‡Kvbv
GK bR‡i mKj DcRvwZi ag©
ag© DcRvwZ
‡eŠ× (DcRvwZ‡ì 43.7% B †eŠ× ag©vej¤^x) PvKgv, PvK, gvigv, ivLvBb, wLqvs,
Lywg, †¤ªv, ZÂ½¨v|
Bmjvg cvOb
wn›`y (mbvZb) muvIZvj, nvRs, cvs‡Lvqv, wÎcyiv, Kzwg©, †KvP, bywbqv, cwjqv, cvnvb, kei
‰eòe gwbcyix, Wvjy
cÖK…wZ c~Rvix ivReskx, gyÛv
GK bR‡i DcRvwZ‡ì Drme
DcRvwZ Drme
PvKgv weRy, dvêybx, c~wY©gv (ag©xq)
muvIZvj ‡mvnivB
wÎcyiv ‰emyK
Mv‡iv IqvbMvjv
gvigv mvsMÖvB
gwYcyix gnvivg jxjv
ivLvBb mv‡›`ª, Rj‡Kwj
wLqs msjvb
IuivI dv¸qv
DcRvwZ‡Zi Rb¨ cÖwZwôZ mvs¯‹…wZK †K›`ª
 ÿz`&ª b„-‡Mvôx mvs¯‹…wZK GKv‡Wgx - wewiwkwi, †bÎ‡Kvbv|

 ÿz`&ª b„-‡Mvôx mvs¯‹…wZK Bbw÷wUDU- iv½vgvwU, ev›ìevb, LvMovQwo|
 K·evRvi mvs¯‹…wZK Bbw÷wUDU - LvMovQwo|
 gwYcyix jwjZKjv GKv‡Wgx - †gŠjfxevRvi|
 ivLvBb mvs¯‹…wZK Bbw÷wUDU - ivgy, K·evRvi|
 ivRkvnx wefvMxq ÿz`ª b„-‡Mvôxi KvjPvivj GKv‡Wgx - ivRkvnx|
~ 245 ~
cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvwšÍ Pzw³
 cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvwšÍ Pzw³ mvÿwiZ nq 2 wW‡m¤î, 1997 mv‡j|

 cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg welqK gš¿Yvjq MwVZ nq 2 wW‡m¤î, 1997 mv‡j|
 cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg AvÂwjK cwil` MwVZ nq 27 †g, 1998 mv‡j|
 miKv‡ii c‡ÿ mvÿi K‡ib mv‡eK wPd ûBc Aveyj nvmbvZ Avãyjøvn|
 cvnvwo RbM‡Yi c‡ÿ ¯^vÿi K‡ib †R¨vwZwi›`ª †evwawcÖq jvigv (mš‘ jvigv)|
 cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg AvÂwjK cwil` †Pqvig¨v‡bi gh©v`v cÖwZgwš¿ gh©v`v m¤úbœ|
DcRvwZ wb‡q Av‡iv wKQz Z_¨
 GK‡`‡k Avwèvm Avi Ab¨ †`‡k emevm Ggb †Mvôx‡K DcRvwZ ejv nq|
 ‡hB †`‡k Avwèvm †mLv‡bB emevm Ggb †Mvôx‡K Avwèvmx e‡j|
 mvsweavwbKfv‡e evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb Avwèvmx †bB|
 Av`gïgvix Abyhvqx †gvU DcRvwZ 27wU|
 evsjv‡`k Avwèvmx †dviv‡gi wn‡m‡e 45wU|
 miKvwi wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU DcRvwZ 50wU|
 evsjv‡`‡k emevmKvix DcRvwZ 15 jÿ 86 nvRvi (‡gvU RbmsL¨vi 1.10%)|
 me‡P‡q eo DcRvwZ †Mvôx PvKgv, ZviciB gvigv|
 cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g †gvU DcRvwZ evm K‡i 13wU|
 DcRwZ‡ì fvlvi msL¨v 32wU|
 GKgvÎ gymwjg DcRvwZ †Mvôx cvOb|
 gM †Mvôx‡ì Avw`wbevm AvivKvb (wgqvbgvi)|
 gvZ…Zvwš¿K DcRvwZ †Mvôx Mv‡iv, Lvwmqv|
 wcZ…cÖavb DcRvwZ gvigv, nvRs mn AwaKvsk DcRvwZ|
 Lvwmqv MÖvg¸‡jv cywÄ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
 gwYcyix‡ì c~e©cyiæ‡li bvg gvB‡Z|
 ewbK‡ì weiæ‡× PvKgv Rywgqv †bZv Ry¤§v Lvb we‡`ªv‡ni cZvKv Dwo‡qwQ‡jb|
 Avãym mvËvi- Avwèvmx I DcRvwZ‡ì Rxebaviv wb‡q me©vwaK eB †j‡Lb|
 ‡`‡ki GKgvÎ †LZvecÖvß DcRvwZ gyw³‡hv×v BD †K (‡nv Ps) Pxs|
~ 246 ~
g‡Wj †U÷
1. evsjv‡`‡ki DcRvwZ bq-

K) gM L) eygvs M) gv›`y N) †UvWv
2. evsjv‡`k DcRvZxq mvs¯‹…wZK †K›`ª Aew¯’Z-
K) e„nËi XvKv L) cUzqvLvjx M) e„nËi gqgbwmsn N) w`bvRcyi
3. gM‡ì Avw` wbevm-
K) fviZ L) ‡bcvj M) gvqvbgvi N) fzUvb
DËi cÎ
1 K 2 M 3 M
evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ Dbœqb cwiKíbv Ges cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbv
 evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK eë¯’v wgkÖ cÖK…wZi|

 A_©bxwZi RbK GWvg w¯§_|
 K¬vwmK BK‡bvwgKm Gi RbK cj m¨vgy‡qjmb|
 1974 mv‡j evsjv‡`k Dbœqb †dvivg ÒBAGÓ (Bangladesh Aid Group) cÖwZwôZ nq|
 BAG Gi eZ©gvb bvg nj BDF (Bangladesh Development Forum)|
 evsjv‡`‡k wewWGd Gi ‰eVK AbywôZ n‡”Q 2003 mvj †_‡K|
 BDF Gi ‰eV‡K mfvcwZZ¡ K‡i wek¦ e¨vsK|
 evsjv‡`k cÖ_g †hŠ_ A_©‰bwZK Kwgkb MVb K‡i 1982 mv‡j|
 * Ô2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k n‡e 26Zg A_©‰bwZK †`kÕ- cÖwZ‡e`bwU cÖKvk K‡i ÒHongkong
and Sanghy Banking CorporationÓ|
 * †gvU †`kR Drcv`‡bi wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k we‡k¦i 44 Zg A_©‰bwZK †`k|
 *µq ¶gZvi w`K w`‡q evsjv‡`k we‡k¦i 33 Zg A_©‰bwZK †`k|
 * IMF Gi g‡Z µq ¶gZvi w`K w`‡q evsjv‡`k 2050 mv‡j we‡k¦i e„nËg A_©bxwZi †`k n‡e|
evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK cwiKíbv
 Dbœq‡b cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvi cÖeZ©K †`k mv‡eK ‡mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb (ivwkqv)|

 Dbœq‡b cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvi cÖeZ©K †cÖwm‡W›U †hv‡md ÷¨vwjb (1921), ivwkqv|
~ 247 ~
 cwiKíbv Kwgkb cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i|

 gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi †Pqvig¨vb|
 cÖ_g cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvi †gqv` wQj 1973-1978 mvj ch©šÍ|
 evsjv‡`k GB ch©šÍ 7wU cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i‡Q|
 7g cÂevwl©Kxi †gqv`Kvj RyjvB 2016 †_‡K Ryb 2020 ch©šÍ|
 me©‡kl 8g cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbv †gqv`Kvj n‡”Q 2020 mv‡ji RyjvB †_‡K 2025 mv‡ji Ryb ch©šÍ|
 ‡`‡k GKgvÎ wØ-evwl©K cwiKíbv n‡qwQj 1978 †_‡K 1980 mv‡j|
GKbR‡i evsjv‡`‡ki cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbv
cÖ_g (1973-1978)
wØZxq (1980-1985)
Z…Zxq (1985-1990)
PZz_© (1990-1995)
cÂg (1997-2002)
lô (2010-1015)
mßg (2016-2020)
Aóg (2020-2025)
mßg cÂevwl©Kx wb‡q wKQz Z_¨
 7g cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvi †¯øvMvb: ÔcÖe„w× Z¡ivwš^Z Ges bvMwi‡Ki ÿgZvqbÕ|

 mßg cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbv e¨q Gi j¶¨gvÎv 32 j¶ †KvwU UvKv|
 7g cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvq cÖavb¨ cv‡”Q ¯^v¯’¨ LvZ|
 7g cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvq g~`vª wùwZ jÿ¨gvÎv 5.5%|
8g cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbv
 cwiKíbv cÖKvk Kiv n‡e 2020 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m|
~ 248 ~
 cwiKíbvq we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ †Ìqv n‡”Q cÖavbgš¿xi †NvlYv Abyhvqx MÖv‡g kn‡ii me bvMwiK myweav
†cuŠQv‡bv‡K|
 8g cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvwU g~jZ `yBwU wel‡qi Dci ˆZwi Kiv n‡e- GKwU n‡”Q mg„w×‡K DbœwZ Kiv
Ges wØZxqwU n‡”Q AšÍfyw© ³‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv|
‡bvU
 `vwi`ª we‡gvPb †KŠkjcÎ (PRSP-1) - 2005-2008|
 `vwi`ª we‡gvPb †KŠkjcÎ (PRSP-2) - 2008-2011|
evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq A_©‰bwZK KvDwÝ‡ji wbe©vnx cwil`
 evsjv‡`k 1991 mvj †_‡K gy³ evRvi A_©bxwZ Pvjy nq|

 evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq A_©‰bwZK KvDwÝ‡ji wbe©vnx cwil` (ECNEC) Gi mfvcwZ n‡jb cÖavbgš¿x|
 ECNEC cÖwZwôZ nq 1982 mv‡j|
 ECNEC Gi weKí mfvcwZ n‡jb A_©gš¿x|
 ECNEC Gi wbqwgZ mfv e‡m g½jevi|
evsjv‡`‡ki Avg`vwb-ißvwb
 evsjv‡`k me‡P‡q †ewk cY¨ ißvbx K‡i hy³iv‡óª|

 evsjv‡`‡ki mv‡_ evwbR¨ NvUwZ Px‡bi mv‡_ †ewk|
 evsjv‡`k †`k wn‡m‡e me‡P‡q †ewk Rvcvb †_‡K mvnvh¨ cq|
 evsjv‡`k me‡P‡q †ewk ‰e‡`wkK g~`ªv AR©b K‡i gvwK©b hy³ivóª †_‡K|
 evsjv‡`k wewb‡qvM †ev‡W©i cwiewZ©Z bvg Ôevsjv‡`k wewb‡qvM Dbœqb KZ…cÿ (weWv)Õ|
 evsjv‡`k †_‡K ˆZwi †cvkvK ißvbx ïiæ nq 1987 mv‡j|
 BmivB‡ji mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki K~U‰bwZK I evwYwR¨K ‡Kvb m¤úK© †bB|
RvZxq Avq Ges e¨q
ev‡RU
ev‡RU mvaviYZ wZbcÖKvi
DØ„Ë ev‡RU NvUwZ ev‡RU mylg ev‡RU

 ev‡RU kãwU divwm kã boudgette †_‡K G‡m‡Q hvi A_© e¨vM ev _‡j|
 Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖ_g ev‡RU †NvlYv K‡ib jW© K¨vwbs 1861 mv‡j|
~ 249 ~
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g ev‡RU †NvlYv K‡ib ZvRDwÏb Avn‡g` 30 Ryb 1972 mv‡j|
 evsjv‡`‡ki ev‡RU n‡”Q NvUwZ ev‡RU|
 ev‡R‡U Av‡qi †P‡q e¨vq †ewk n‡j Zv‡K ejv nq NvUwZ ev‡RU|
GKbR‡i 2019-2020 mv‡ji ev‡RU
 GwU wQj 49 Zg ev‡RU (KviY 1972 mv‡j GKmv‡_ 2 eQ‡ii ev‡RU †ck Kiv n‡qwQj)|
 ev‡RU †NvlYv K‡ib A_©gš¿x Av n g gy¯Ídv Kvgvj|
 13 Ryb, 2019-G ev‡RU †ck nq Ges cvk nq 30 Ryb, 2019 G|
 evsjv‡`‡k mvaviYZ Ryb gv‡mi cÖ_g e„n¯úwZevi ev‡RU †ck nq|
 ev‡R‡Ui †¯øvMvb wQj Òmg„× AvMvgxi c_hvÎvq evsjv‡`k| mgq GLb Avgv‡ì, mgq GLb
evsjv‡`‡ki|Ó
 ev‡RU Kvh©Ki nq 01 RyjvB, 2019|
 ‡gvU ev‡RU wQj 5,23,190 †KvwU UvKv (wRwWwci 18.13%)|
 Avq: 3,81,978 †KvwU UvKv|
 ev‡RU NvUwZ (Aby`vb mn): 1,41,212 †KvwU UvKv (ev‡R‡Ui 26.99%)|
 ivR¯^ Avq: 3,77,810 †KvwU UvKv|
 Av‡qi cÖavb LvZ aiv n‡q‡Q f¨vU (23.5%)|
 GKK LvZ: RbcÖkvmb (96,470 †KvwU UvKv hv †gvU ev‡R‡Ui 18.5%)
 evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wP: 2,02,721 †KvwU UvKv|
 K…wl‡Z eivÏ: 28,353 †KvwU UvKv|
ivR¯^ bxwZ Ges evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~Px
g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki ev VAT (Value Added Tax)
 weµqg~‡jï weKí wn‡m‡e avh©K…Z Ki‡K f¨vU e‡j|

 ‡fv³vi Dci f¨vU Av‡ivwcZ nq|
 f¨vU GKai‡bi c‡ivÿ Ki|
 g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki I m¤ú~iK ïé AvBb cÖ_g cvk nq 10 RyjvB, 1991 mv‡j|
 GB AvBb Pvjy nq 1 RyjvB 1991 mv‡j|
 eZ©gvb g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki I m¤ú~iK ïé AvBb 2012 mv‡ji|
 evsjv‡`‡k f¨v‡Ui nvi 15%|
 `wÿY Gwkqvi †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki f¨v‡Ui nvi ‡ewk|
~ 250 ~
 ‰Zwi †cvkvKwk‡í Drm Ki 1%|

 f¨vU ev g~mK wèm 10 wW‡m¤î|
 ivR¯^ Av‡qi cÖavb LvZ f¨vU|
 f¨v‡Ui ¯Íi 5wU|
RvZxq AvqKi
 f¨vU ev g~mK wèm 10 wW‡m¤î|

 AvqKi wèm 30 b‡f¤î|
 f¨v‡Ui ¯Íi ev avc n‡”Q cvuPwU|
 RvZxq ivR¯^ †evW© MwVZ nq 1972 mv‡j|
 AvqKi †gjv ïiæ nq 2010 mvj †_‡K|
 Ki evnv`yi cwievi cyi¯‹vi cÖ`vb Kiv nq 2017 mvj †_‡K|
 e-payment eënvi cÖeZ©b Kiv nq 2012 mvj †_‡K|
 Ki Gi Z_¨ kbv³Ki‡Y TIN Pvjy nq 1993 mvj †_‡K|
 e-TIN Pvjy nq 2013 mvj †_‡K|
 ‡cbkb Ges mÂqc‡Îi gybvdv AvqKigy³|
 eZ©gv‡b Kigy³ Avqmxgv:
mvaviY 2,50,000 UvKv
gwnjv 3,00,000 UvKv
65 eQ‡ii Dc‡i 3,00,000 UvKv
cÖwZeÜx 4,00,000 UvKv
†M‡R‡UW gyw³‡hv×v 4,25,000 UvKv
 miKv‡ii M„nxZ GwWwc Gi †gqv` GK eQi|
 GwWwc Gi LvZmg~n nj K…wl cjøx Dbœqb wkí, we`y¨r, cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`, cwienb, †hvMv‡hvM, wk¶v, ag©,
¯^v¯’¨, RbmsL¨v BZ¨vw`|
 GwWwc ZË¡veavb K‡i cwiKíbv gš¿Yvjq|
 evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g GwWwc Kg©m~wP nv‡Z †bIqv nq 1972 mv‡j|
`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb Kg©m~Px
 miKvi `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvP‡bi Rb¨ A‡bK Kg©m~wP nv‡Z wb‡q‡Qb †hgb:

➢ `wi`ª fvZv cÖ`vb|
➢ eq¯‹ fvZv cÖ`vb|
➢ Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨|
~ 251 ~
➢ `y¯’ gwnjv‡ì Rb¨ fvZv BZ¨vw`|

 PRSP means poverty reduction strategy papers|
 IPRSP means interim poverty reduction strategy papers|
 evsjv‡`k GLb ch©šÍ `yBevi PRSP cÖKí nv‡Z wb‡q‡Q|
 miKvi eq¯‹ fvZv Pvjy K‡i 1998 mvj †_‡K|
 &GmwWwR Gi 17 wU j¶¨gvÎv g‡a¨ cÖ_g j¶¨gvÎv nj ¶yav Ges `vwi`ªgyw³|
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k `vwi`ªZvi nvi 21.8% Ges Pig `vwi`ª¨Zvi nvi 11.3%|
 evsjv‡`‡k `vwi`ª¨ nvi G kxl© †Rjv KywoMÖvg Ges Kg nj bvivqYMÄ|
 evsjv‡`k `vwi`ª nv‡i kxl© wefvM iscyi Ges Kg nj XvKv|
 mßg cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvq `wi`ªZv Kgv‡bvi j¶¨gvÎv:
➢ 2018 mv‡j `vwi`ªZvi nvi 21.0% Ges Pig `vwi`ª¨Zvi nvi 10.4%|
 `vwi`ª we‡gvP‡b GLb ch©šÍ mdj Kg©m~wP nj ¶y`ª FY|
 ¶y`ªFY aviYvi cÖeZ©K n‡”Qb cÖ‡dmi Wt gynv¤§` BDbym|
 VGF means vulnerable group feeding|
 VGD means vulnerable group development|
 cjøx AÂ‡ji `vwi`ª we‡gvP‡b KvR K‡i- PDBF|
 MÖvgxb gvby‡li Kj¨v‡b mgvR‡mev Awa`ßi cwiPvwjZ Kg©m~wPi bvg RSS|
evsjv‡`‡ki wkí I evwbR¨
evsjv‡`‡ki wkí Drcv`b
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k 8wU mvi KviLvbv Av‡Q miKvwi wn‡m‡e|

 evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q eo mvi KviLvbv n‡jv hgybv mvi KviLvbv|
 †emiKvwi Lv‡Z me‡P‡q eo mvi KviLvbv n‡jv Kvd‡Kv|
 evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b wm‡g›U mvi KviLvbv Av‡Q 14 wU|
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k wPwbKj Av‡Q 14 wU|
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki cvUKj Av‡Q 314 wU| [m~Î: Kv‡ji KÚ cwÎKv 3q cvZv, 06/03/19]
 Av`gRx cvUKj eÜ Kiv nq 30 Ryb 2002 mv‡j|
 evsjv‡`‡ki A¯¿ KviLvbv Av‡Q GKwU (MvRxcyi)|
 evsjv‡`‡ki †Uwj‡dvb wkí ms¯’v Aew¯’Z U½x Ges Lyjbv‡Z|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g Jla cvK© n‡e MRvwiqv, gywÝMÄ|
~ 252 ~
 evsjv‡`‡ki wkí cvK© Av‡Q wmivRMÄ, biwms`x Ges bvivqYMÄ|

 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k Bwc‡RW Av‡Q AvUwU (miKvwi)|
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k †emiKvwi Bwc‡RW 2 wU|
 1983 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g Bwc‡RW PÆMÖv‡g ¯’vwcZ nq|
 evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ K…wlwfwËK Bwc‡RW n‡jv DËiv Bwc‡RW|
 evsjv‡`‡ki me©‡kl miKvwi Bwc‡RW nj KY©dyjx Bwc‡RW|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g †emiKvwi Bwc‡RW nj REPZ|
 AvqZ‡bi w`K w`‡q evsjv‡`‡ki e„nËg Bwc‡RW nj KEPZ|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g cwi‡ek evÜe wkí cvK© wmivRMÄ|
 evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ †Zj †kvabvMvi PÆMÖv‡g Aew¯’Z hvi bvg nj B÷vb© widvBbvwi|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g KvM‡Ri Kj ¯’vwcZ nq 1953 mv‡j (KY©dyjx)|
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k KvM‡Ri Kj Av‡Q 7wU|
 FBCCI Gi eZ©gvb mfvcwZ †gvnv¤§` kwdDj Bmjvg|
 evsjv‡`‡ki me©‡kl ißvwbK…Z wbg©vY wkí RvnvR|
 evsjv‡`k RvnvR wk‡í cÖ‡ek K‡i 2008 mv‡j|
 evsjv‡`k ißvwbK…Z cÖ_g RvnvR wbg©vY K‡i Avb›` wkcBqvW©|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g hy× RvnvR e‡bŠRv cÙv|
 evsjv‡`‡ki wØZxq hy×RvnvR e‡bŠRv myigv|
 evsjv‡`‡ki RvnvR wbg©vY KviLvbv wZbwU|
 RvnvR fv½v wkí M‡o D‡V‡Q mxZvKyÛ, PÆMÖv‡g|
 Awi wf‡±vwiqv nj cwi‡ekevÜe RvnvR|
cb¨ Avg`vwb Ges ißvwb
 evsjv‡`‡ki wek¦ evwYR¨ †K›`ª ¯’vwcZ PÆMÖv‡g|

 PÆMÖvg e›`‡ii gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 93% ißvwb evwYR¨ m¤úbœ nq|
 PÆMÖvg mgy`ª e›ì 25 GwcÖj 1887 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ nq|
 PÆMÖvg mgy`ª e›ì 1888 mvj †_‡K AvbyôvwbKfv‡e hvÎv ïiæ K‡i|
 evsjv‡`‡ki wØZxq e„nËg mgy`ª e›ì gsjv, †hUv 1954 mv‡j cïi b`xi Zx‡i cÖwZwôZ nq|
 evsjv‡`‡ki Z…Zxq mgy`ª e›ì cvqiv|
 evsjv‡`‡ki e„nËg b`x e›ì nj bvivqYMÄ|
 †ebv‡cvj evsjv‡`‡ki e„nËg ¯’je›ì|
 †fvgiv ¯’je›ì mvZ¶xiv †Rjvq Aew¯’Z|
 †cvkvK n‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g ißvwb cY¨|
~ 253 ~
 wek¦ evwYR¨ ms¯’vi g‡Z evsjv‡`‡k †cvkvK ißvwb‡Z we‡k¦ wØZxq|

 cY¨ ißvwb‡Z †cvkv‡Ki Ae¯’vb 83.49%|
 evsjv‡`k †_‡K cÖ_g †cvkvK ißvwb nq d«v‡Ý|
 evsjv‡`k G †cvkvK †¶‡Î †ewk wewb‡qvM K‡i `w¶Y †Kvwiqv|
 BD‡ivcxq †`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k †cvkvK ißvwb †ewk K‡i Rvg©vwb‡Z|
 we‡k¦ kxl© `kwU cwi‡ekevÜe †cvkvK KviLvbv g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡k Av‡Q mvZwU|
 eZ©gv‡b †cvkvK kÖwgK‡ì b¨~bZg gRywi 8 nvRvi UvKv|
 BGMEA cÖwZwôZ nq 1997 mv‡j|
 BGMEA Gi eZ©gvb mfvcwZ †gvnv¤§` wmwÏKyi ingvb|
 BKMEA cÖwZwôZ nq 1996 mv‡j|
 evsjv‡`‡ki ‰Zwi †cvkvK wkí‡K wkïkÖg gy³ †NvlYv Kiv nq 1 b‡f¤î 1996 mv‡j|
 evsjv‡`k BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb †_‡K ïé Ges †KvUvgy³ myweav cvq 1976 mvj †_‡K|
 WTO Gi Pyw³ Abyhvqx evsjv‡`k †KvUvwenxb evRv‡i †cvkvK ißvwb ïiæ K‡i 2005 mvj †_‡K|
 evsjv‡`‡ki ißvwb Av‡qi Gi 52% Av‡m BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb †_‡K|
 hy³ivóª evsjv‡`k †_‡K wRGmwc Zy‡j †bq 27 Ryb 2013 mvj †_‡K|
 hy³ivóª miKvi evsjv‡`k‡K wRGmwc myweav †diZ †Ìqvi Rb¨ kZ© w`‡q‡Q 16 wU|
 evsjv‡`k wUKdv Pyw³ ¯^v¶i K‡i 25 b‡f¤î 2013 mv‡j|
 ißvwb c‡Yï ZvwjKvq evM`v wPswo ¯’vb cvq Avwki `k‡K|
 wPswo‡K †nvqvBU †Mvì ejv nq|
 evsjv‡`‡ki wØZxq ißvwb LvZ n‡jv Pvgov Ges Pvgov RvZxq cY¨|
 2019 mv‡ji cÖWv± Ad `v Bqvi †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q Pvgov Ges Pvgov RvZxq cY¨†K|
 evsjv‡`‡ki Z…Zxq ißvwb cY¨ n‡jv cvU Ges cvU RvZxq cY¨|
 BD‡iv‡c †cvkvK ißvwb‡Z evsjv‡`k 2q|
‰e‡`wkK †jb‡`b Ges A_© †cÖiY
 evsjv‡`†k PPP (Public Private Partnership) AvbyôvwbKfv‡e Pvjy nq 2012 mv‡j|

 evsjv‡`‡ki mv‡_ ZvBIqv‡bi evwYR¨ m¤úK© Av‡Q wKš‘ K~U‰bwZK m¤úK© †bB|
 evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q †ewk miKvwi we‡`wk wewb‡qvMKvix (FDI) †`k nj wm½vcyi|
 evsjv‡`‡ki ‰e‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©‡bi cÖavb LvZ n‡jv ‰Zwi †cvkvK|
 evsjv‡`k‡K me‡P‡q †ewk A_©‰bwZK mvnvh¨ Ges FY cÖ`vbKvix †`k n‡”Q Rvcvb|
 evsjv‡`k‡K me‡P‡q †ewk FY cÖ`vbKvix AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯’v nj IDA|
 evsjv‡`‡ki mv‡_ evwYR¨ NvUwZ Av‡Q Px‡bi mv‡_|
 ‰e‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©‡b evsjv‡`k we‡k¦i beg|
~ 254 ~
 †iwgU¨vÝ ev ‰e‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©‡b fviZ we‡k¦ cÖ_g|

 evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q †ewk †iwg‡UÝ AR©b K‡i †mŠw` Avie †_‡K|
e¨vsK Ges exgv eë¯’vcbv
 evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki bvg nj evsjv‡`k e¨vsK|

 evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki c~e© bvg n‡”Q †÷U e¨vsK Ad cvwK¯Ívb|
 Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖ_g e¨vswKs Pvjy nq gyNj Avg‡j|
 evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki †Mv‡q›`v ms¯’vi bvg ÒBFIUÓ|
 evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki kvLv n‡”Q `kwU me©‡kl (gqgbwmsn)|
 evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki cÖ_g Mfb©‡ii bvg Av b g nvwg`yjøvn|
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Mfb©i Gi bvg dR‡j Kwei (11Zg)|
 evsjv‡`kx‡ì Øviv cÖwZwôZ cÖ_g e¨vsK nj B÷vb© gv‡K©›UvBj e¨vsK, hvi eZ©gvb bvg c~evjx e¨vsK|
 evsjv‡`‡ki me e¨vsK Òe¨vsK †Kv¤úvwbi jÕ 1991Ó Abymv‡i cwiPvwjZ|
 †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv gy`ªvi gvb wbqš¿Y Kiv|
 wewnZ gy`vª cÖPjb evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KvR bq|
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK wZbwU (evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK, ivRkvnx K…wl Dbœqb e¨vsK Ges
evsjv‡`k †Wfjc‡g›U e¨vsK)|
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki ‰e‡`wkK e¨vsK 9wU|
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k Zdwmwj e¨vsK 63wU|
 miKvwi Ges †emiKvwi gvwjKvbvfy³ e¨vsK n‡jv iƒcvjx e¨vsK wjwg‡UW|
 evsjv‡`k miKvwi †bvU nj wZbwU (GK UvKv, `yB UvKv Ges 5 UvKvi †bvU)|
 evsjv‡`‡ki e¨vsK UvKvi †bvU nj 6 wU (10 UvKv, 20 UvKv, 50 UvKv, 100 UvKv, 500 UvKv Ges
1000 UvKvi †bvU)|
 miKvwi †bv‡U A_© mwP‡ei ¯^v¶i _v‡K|
 e¨vsK †bv‡U Mfb©‡ii ¯^v¶i _v‡K|
 10 UvKvi cwjgvi †bvU Qvcv nq A‡÷«wjqv †_‡K|
 5 UvKvi avZe gy`vª ‰Zwi nq KvbvWv †_‡K|
 500 UvKvi KvM‡Ri gy`ªv ‰Zwi nq Rvg©vwb †_‡K|
 1988 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ nq evsjv‡`‡ki UvKv Qvcv‡bvi GKgvÎ †cÖm wmwKDwiwU wcÖw›Us †cÖm, †hUv MvRxcy‡i
Aew¯’Z|
 evsjv‡`k UvKv Qvcv‡bvi KvMR Avg`vwb K‡i myBRvij¨vÛ †_‡K|
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k KvM‡Ri UvKvi †bvU n‡”Q AvUwU|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g UvKvi Rv`yNi Aew¯’Z wgicy‡ii evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki †Uªwbs GKv‡Wwg‡Z|
~ 255 ~
 ÒD-mateÓ nj †kqvi †jb‡`‡bi B‡jKUªwbK cÖwµqv|

 Kg©ms¯’vb e¨vsK hvÎv ïiæ K‡i 1998 mv‡j|
 evsjv‡`‡ki e„nËg evwYwR¨K e¨vsK n‡jv †mvbvjx e¨vsK|
 100% ivóªxq gvwjKvbv e¨vsK n‡jv †ewmK e¨vsK|
 evsjv‡`k wkí e¨vsK (BSB) Ges evsjv‡`k wkí FY ms¯’v (BSRS) wg‡j 2010 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ K‡i
evsjv‡`k †W‡fjc‡g›U e¨vsK (BDBL)|
 1983 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g Bmjvgx kixqZ wfwËK e¨vsK Bmjvgx e¨vsK evsjv‡`k wjwg‡UW cÖwZwôZ
nq|
 evsjv‡`‡ki AvBGdAvBwm e¨vsK `xN©w`b hver gvjØx‡ci †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Avm‡Q|
 1999 mv‡j Uªv÷ e¨vsK wjwg‡UW cÖwZwôZ nq †hUv evsjv‡`k Avwg© I‡qj‡dqvi Uªv÷ KZ©…K cwiPvwjZ|
 †mvbvjx e¨vsK e¨vsK Ad fvIqvjcyi bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 AMÖYx e¨vs‡Ki c~e© bvg wQj nvwee e¨vsK|
 1976 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡gi †Rveiv MÖv‡g mywdqv †eMg †K ¶y`ª FY †Ìqvi gva¨‡g MÖvgxY e¨vsK hvÎv ïiæ K‡i|
 1983 mv‡ji 1 A‡±vei MÖvgxY e¨vsK AvbyôvwbKfv‡e hvÎv ïiæ K‡i|
 MÖvgxY e¨vs‡Ki g‡Zv ¶y`ª FY eë¯’v Pvjy Av‡Q gvj‡qwkqv‡Z|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g †iwWK¨vk Pvjy K‡i RbZv e¨vsK|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g gv÷vi KvW© Ges †Uwj e¨vswKs eë¯’v Pvjy K‡i ÷¨vÛvW© PvU©vW© e¨vsK|
 2011 mv‡j ÒbKashÓ bv‡g evsjv‡`k †gvevBj e¨vswKs Pvjy K‡i eªvK e¨vsK|
 2011 mv‡j cÖ_g †gvevBj e¨vswKs Pvjy K‡i WvP& evsjv e¨vsK|
 esjv‡`‡k me©cÖ_g G‡R›U e¨vswKs eë¯’v Pvjy K‡i AMÖbx e¨vsK (miKvwi)|
 ‡emiKvwi e¨vsK wn‡m‡e G‡R›U e¨vswKs eë¯’v Pvjy K‡i Ôe¨vsK GwkqvÕ|
 m¤úªwZ evsjv‡`‡k AbjvBb †jb‡`b cøvUdg© Ô‡ccvjÕ Pvjy K‡i‡Q †mvbvjx e¨vsK mn †gvU 9wU e¨vsK|
 ‡KvgjgwZ wkï‡ì Dce„wË †cuŠ‡Q †`q- iæcvjx e¨vsK|
 evsjv‡`k exgv eë¯’vi RbK ejv nq †Lv`ve· †K|
 evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ miKvwi exgv wk¶v cÖwZôvb n‡”Q evsjv‡`k Bbmÿ‡iÝ GKv‡Wgx|
 1 gvP© RvZxq exgv wèm †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q
 1985 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g †emiKvwi Rxeb exgv cÖwZôvb b¨vkbvj jvBd BÝy‡iÝ cÖwZwôZ nq|
 evsjv‡`‡ki Pvjy Kiv GKgvÎ we‡`wk BÝy‡iÝ Gi bvg n‡”Q Av‡gwiKvb †gU jvBd BÝy‡iÝ|
 exgv LvZ eZ©gv‡b A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b|
 2011 mv‡ji 26 Rvbyqvwi Insurance Development And Regulatory Authority (IDRA)
A_wiwU cÖwZwôZ nq|
~ 256 ~
g‡Wj †U÷
1. eZ©gv‡b f¨v‡Ui ¯Íi KZwU?

K) 5wU L) 9wU M) 19wU N) 15wU
2. RvZxq g~mK wèm K‡e?
K) 10 wW‡m¤î L) 10 gvP© M) 10 GwcÖj N) 10 †g
3. evsjv‡`‡ki PZz_© cÂevwl©Kxi †gqv` Kvj †KvbwU?
K) 1997-2002 L) 1990-1995 M) 1980-1985 N) 2010-2015
DËi cÎ
1 K 2 K 3 L
msweavb
wewmGm cixÿvq msweavb LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© UwcK| msweavb A‡bK eo Ges ey‡S bv co‡j g‡b _vK‡e bv| ZvB
msweavb‡K ey‡S covi Rb¨ cy‡iv msweavb‡K 3 fv‡M fvM K‡i †djyb| G‡Z †`L‡eb msweavb co‡Z A‡bK
mnR jvM‡e|
1. msweav‡bi BwZnvm Ges ‰ewkó¨
2. msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q`
3. msweav‡bi Zdwmj Ges ms‡kvabx
(2 Ges 3 bs †_‡K 40 Zg wewmGm cixÿvq cÖkœ G‡m‡Q| ZvB 41 Zg wewmG‡mi Rb¨ 1 bs Z_v msweav‡bi
BwZnvm Ges ‰ewkó¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y|© )
msweav‡bi BwZnvm Ges ‰ewkó¨
 W. Kvgvj †nv‡mb †K evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi RbK ejv nq |

 msweavb wèm 4 b‡f¤î|
 1972 mv‡ji 11 Rvbyqvwi evsjv‡`‡ki A¯’vqx mvsweavwbK Av‡`k Rvwi nq|
 1972 mv‡ji 23 gvP© MYcwil` Av‡`k Rvwi nq|
 MYcwil‡ì m`m¨ wQj 403 Rb|
 MYcwil‡ì cÖ_g Awa‡ekb e‡m 10 GwcÖj 1972|
 MYcwil‡ì cÖ_g w¯úKvi wQ‡jb kvn Avãyj nvwg`|
~ 257 ~
 MYcwil‡ì cÖ_g †WcywU w¯úKvi wQ‡jb †gvnv¤§` Djøvn|

 msweavb iPbv KwgwUi m`m¨ wQ‡jb 34 Rb|
 msweavb iPbv KwgwUi GKgvÎ gwnjv m`m¨ †eMg ivwRqv evby|
 evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi Lmov cÖ_g MYcwil‡` D‡V 12 A‡±vei, 1972|
 4 b‡f¤î 1972 mv‡j evsjv‡`k msweavb MYcwil‡` M„nxZ nq|
 evsjv‡`‡ki g~j msweavb wQj nv‡Zi †jLv 93 c„ôvi, hvi g~j †jLK wQ‡jb wkíx Avãyi iDd|
 MYcwil‡ì 309 Rb g~j msweav‡b ¯^v¶i K‡ib|
 msweavb M„nxZ nIqvi mgq evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ wQ‡jb Avey mvC` †PŠayix Ges cÖavbgš¿x wQ‡jb e½eÜy
†kL gywReyi ingvb|
 evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z `yB-Z…Zxqvsk m`‡mï mg_©b ìKvi nq|
 MYcÖRvZš¿x miKv‡ii m‡e©v”P AvBb n‡jv msweavb|
 evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi Aa¨vq 11 wU|
 evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q` 153 wU|
 evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi g~jbxwZ 4wU|
 evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi Zdwmj 7wU|
msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q`
 evsjv‡`‡ki cy‡iv bvg MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k (The Peoples Republic Of Bangladesh)|

 ivóªxq mxgvbv = Aby‡”Q` 2|
 ivóªfvlv evsjv = Aby‡”Q` 3|
 RvZxq cZvKv = Aby‡”Q` 4-2|
 RvZxq cÖZxK = Aby‡”Q` 4-3|
 RvZxq msMxZ = Aby‡”Q` 4-1|
 e½eÜyi cÖwZK…wZ = Aby‡”Q` 4(K)|
 ivRavbx = Aby‡”Q` 5|
 bvMwiKZ¡ = Aby‡”Q` 6-2|
 msweav‡bi mKj ¶gZvi gvwjK RbMY = Aby‡”Q` 7-1|
 RvZxqZv = Aby‡”Q` 9|
 MYZš¿ Ges RbM‡Yi AwaKvi = Aby‡”Q` 11|
 MÖvgxY Dbœqb Ges K…wl wecøe = Aby‡”Q` 16|
 A‰eZwbK Ges eva¨Zvg~jK wk¶v = Aby‡”Q` 17|
 Rb¯^v¯’¨ Ges ‰bwZKZv = Aby‡”Q` 18|
 cwi‡ek Ges Rxe ‰ewPÎ msi¶Y = Aby‡”Q` 18(K)|
~ 258 ~
 RvZxq ms¯‹…wZ = Aby‡”Q` 23|

 DcRvwZ Ges b„ †Mvôx = Aby‡”Q` 23(K)|
 AvšÍR©vwZK kvwšÍ = Aby‡”Q` 25|
 AvB‡bi `„wó‡Z mgZv = Aby‡”Q` 27|
 bvix cyiæl mgvb AwaKvi = Aby‡”Q` 28-2|
 miKvwi PvKwi jv‡fi ¶gZv = Aby‡”Q` 29|
 AvB‡bi AvkÖq jv‡fi AwaKvi = Aby‡”Q` 31|
 Rxeb Ges e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZvi AwaKvi = Aby‡”Q` 32|
 Pjv‡divi ¯^vaxbZv = Aby‡”Q` 36|
 wPšÍv-we‡eK Ges evK-¯^vaxbZv = Aby‡”Q` 39-1|
 msev`c‡Îi ¯^vaxbZv = Aby‡”Q` 39-2|
 ag©xq ¯^vaxbZv = Aby‡”Q` 41|
 †gŠwjK AwaKvi ejer = Aby‡”Q` 44|
 ivóªcwZi †gqv` = Aby‡”Q` 50-1|
 ivóªcwZi eqm = Aby‡”Q` 48-4(K)|
 ivóªcwZi Awfksmb = Aby‡”Q` 52|
 ivóªcwZi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z w¯úKvi KvR Ki‡eb = Aby‡”Q` 54|
 gwš¿mfv = Aby‡”Q` 55|
 gš¿xMY = Aby‡”Q` 56|
 ¯’vbxq kvmb = Aby‡”Q` 59|
 mywcÖg KgvÛ = Aby‡”Q` 61|
 hy× = Aby‡”Q` 63|
 A¨vUwb© †Rbv‡ij = Aby‡”Q` 64|
 msm` cÖwZôv = Aby‡”Q` 65|
 w¯úKvi Ges †WcywU w¯úKvi = Aby‡”Q` 74|
 b¨vqcvj = Aby‡”Q` 77|
 A_©wej = Aby‡”Q` 81|
 ev‡RU = Aby‡”Q` 89|
 Aa¨v‡`k cÖYqb ¶gZv = Aby‡”Q` 93|
 mywcÖg †KvU© = Aby‡”Q` 94|
 wePviK wb‡qvM = Aby‡”Q` 95|
 wePviK‡ì eqm = Aby‡”Q` 96-1|
 A¯’vqx cÖavb wePvicwZ wb‡qvM = Aby‡”Q` 97|
 gvbevwaKvi jsNb Ki‡j nvB‡KvU© wiU = Aby‡”Q` 102|
~ 259 ~
 †KvU© Ad †iKW© = Aby‡”Q` 108|

 A¨vWwgwb‡÷ªwUf UªvBeÿbvjm = Aby‡”Q` 117|
 wbe©vPb Kwgkb = Aby‡”Q` 118|
 wbe©vPb Abyôv‡bi mgq = Aby‡”Q` 123|
 gnv wnmve wbix¶K c` = Aby‡”Q` 127|
 miKvwi Kg©Kwgkb = Aby‡”Q` 137|
 Riæwi Ae¯’v †NvlYv = Aby‡”Q` 141(K)|
 msweavb ms‡kva‡bi ¶gZv = Aby‡”Q` 142|
 AvšÍR©vwZK Pyw³ = Aby‡”Q` 145(K)|
 AvB‡bi e¨vL¨v = Aby‡”Q` 152|
msweav‡bi Zdwmj Ges ms‡kvabx
Zdwmj
Zdwmj welqe¯‘
1g Zdwmj Ab¨vb¨ weavb m‡Ë¡I Kvh©Ki AvBb
2q Zdwmj ivóªcwZ wbe©vPb
3q Zdwmj kc_ I †NvlYv
4_© Zdwmj µvwšÍKvj I A¯’vqx weavbgvjv
5g Zdwjj e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi HwZnvwmK 7B gv‡P©i fvlY
6ô Zdwmj e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb KZ…K© cÖ`Ë ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv
7g Zdwmj gywRebMi miKv‡ii RvwiK…Z ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎ
ms‡kvabx
 evsjv‡`k msweavb G ch©šÍ 17 evi ms‡kvab Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 cÖ_g ms‡kvabxi welqe¯Íy wQj hy×vcivax‡ì wePvi wbwðZ Kiv|
 evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi ïiæ‡Z wemwgjøvwni ingvwbi iwng mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv nq cÂg ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g|
 evOvwj †_‡K evsjv‡`kx RvZxqZvev` cÖewZ©Z nq cÂg ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g|
 ivóªag© wn‡m‡e Bmjvg‡K ¯^xK…wZ †Ìqv nq Aóg ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g|
 evsjv‡`‡ki ivRavbx Xv°v †_‡K XvKvq iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv nq Aóg ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g|
 ZË¡veavqK miKvi eë¯’v evwZj Kiv nq 15 Zg ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g|
 e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K RvwZi wcZvi ¯^xK…wZ Ges Zvi cÖwZK…wZ miKvwi Awd‡m cÖ`k©b Kivi
K_v ejv nq 15 Zg ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g|
 msweav‡bi cÂg lô Ges mßg Zdwmj (‡gvU wZbwU Zdwmj) ms‡hvRb Kiv nq 15 Zg ms‡kvabxi
gva¨‡g|
~ 260 ~
 16 Zg ms‡kvabxi g~j welqe¯Íy wQj wePvicwZ‡ì AcmviY Gi ¶gZvi RvZxq msm‡ì m`m¨‡ì
nv‡Z Ac©Y |
 17 Zg ms‡kvabxi g~j welqe¯Íy wQj msiw¶Z bvix Avm‡bi †gqv` e„w×|
g‡Wj †U÷
1. evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi AwffveK †K?

K) ¯úxKvi L) ivóªcwZ M) cÖavbgš¿x N) mywcÖg †KvU©
2. msweav‡bi †Kvb Aby‡”Q` Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKMY evsjv‡`kx e‡j cwiwPZ n‡eb?
K) 6 (1) L) 6 (2) M) 7 N) 8
3. 16 wW‡m¤î, 1972 mv‡ji Av‡M evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi wfwË wQj-
K) g¨vMbvKvU©v L) ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv M) jv‡nvi cÖ¯Íve N) mvZ gv‡P©i fvlY
DËi cÎ
1 N 2 L 3 L
evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK eë¯’v
 evsjv‡`k cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK MYZš¿ we`¨gvb|

 cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK MYZ‡š¿i cÖvY n‡jv ivR‰bwZK `j|
 evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK eë¯’v eû`jxq|
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k wbewÜZ ivR‰bwZK `j 41wU, me©‡kl `j- evsjv‡`k Ks‡MÖm|
 evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b ¶gZvmxb `‡ji bvg evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM|
 cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK MYZ‡š¿i weKí miKvi ejv nq we‡ivax `j‡K|
 eZ©gvb RvZxq msm‡` we‡ivax `‡ji †bZvi bvg ‡eMg iIkb Gikv`|
 RvZxq msm`‡K Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z miKvi Ges we‡ivax Dfq `‡ji cÖ‡qvRb|
 we‡ivax `j miKvwi `‡ji gZ †h gwš¿mfv ‰Zwi K‡i Zv‡K Qvqv gwš¿mfv e‡j|
 miKvwi bxwZ MÖnY cwiPvjbv Ges wba©vi‡Y cÖfve m„wói †Póv Kvix †¯^”Qvg~jK msMwVZ †Mvôx‡K Pvc
m„wóKvix †Mvôx ejv nq|
 g~j `j †_‡K wew”Qbœ wØgZ †cvlY Kvwi ¶y`ª e¨w³ ¯^v‡_©i `j †K ejv nq Dc`j|
AvIqvgxjxM
 AvIqvgxjxM G †`‡ki me‡P‡q cyivZb I e„nËg ivR‰bwZK `j|
~ 261 ~
 evOvwj RvwZqZvev`, MYZš¿, ag©wbi‡cÿZv I †kvlYgy³ mgvR wewbg©vY AvIqvgx jx‡Mi g~jbxwZ|
 RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ GB `j cvwK¯Ív‡b 1970 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡b
msL¨vMwiô Avmb jvf K‡i|
 1949 mv‡ji 23‡k Ryb XvKvq AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM bv‡g `jwU cÖwZwôZ nq|
 mK‡ji MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ 22 †m‡Þ¤î, 1955 mv‡j `‡ji bvg †_‡K gymwjg kãwU ev` ‡Ìqv nq|
 1971 mv‡j AvIqvgx jx‡Mi ‡bZ…‡Z¡ Avgv‡ì gnvb gyw³hy× cwiPvwjZ nq|
 cÖwZôvKvwjb mg‡q AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mfvcwZ wQ‡jb gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx|
 cÖwZôvKvwjb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K wQ‡jb kvgmyj nK|
 cÖwZôvKvwjb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi hyM¥ m¤úv`K wQ‡jb e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb|
 AvIqvgx jx‡Mi eZ©gvb mfvcwZ W. †kL nvwmbv Iqv‡R`|
 eZ©gvb mvaviY m¤úv`K Ievq`yj Kv‡ì|
evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `j (weGbwc)
 1978 mv‡ji 1jv †m‡Þ¤î ‡gRi †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingvb evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `j cÖwZôv K‡ib|
 eZ©gvb †Pqvcvm©b †eMg Lv‡j`v wRqv|
 eZ©gvb fvicÖvß †Pqvig¨vb Zv‡iK ingvb|
 eZ©gvb gnvmwPe gxR©v dLiæj Bmjvg|
 evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `‡ji Av`k© ev g~jbxwZ n‡”Q Bmjvgx g~j¨‡ev‡a wek¦vm, evsjv‡`wk
RvZxqZvev`, MYZš¿ I gy³evRvi A_©bxwZ|
RvZxq cvwU©
 RvZxq cvwU© Z…Zxq e„nËg `j|

 1986 mv‡ji 1jv Rvbyqvwi †j. †Rbv‡ij û‡mBb gyn¤§` Gikv‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡ GB `jwU cÖwZwôZ nq|
GKbR‡i Ab¨vb¨ ivR‰bwZK `j
 1972 mv‡ji 31‡k A‡±vei RvZxq mgvRZvwš¿K `j (Rvm`) cÖwZwôZ nq|

 fviZ I cvwK¯Ív‡bi KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i (wmwcwe) avivq evsjv‡`k KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i Rb¥|
 evsjv‡`‡k eûav wef³ Pxbcš’x KwgDwb‡÷‡ì K‡qKwU Ask wgwjZ n‡q evsjv‡`k IqvK©vm© cvwU© MwVZ
nq|
 bvixi ivR‰bwZK ÿgZvq‡b evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb 7g|
~ 262 ~
GKv`k RvZxq wbe©vPb
 m¤cÖwZ AbywôZ wbe©vPb wQj 11 Zg|

 msweav‡bi 123-3(K) Ges 123-3(L) Aby‡”Q‡` msm` wbe©vP‡bi K_v ejv Av‡Q|
 GKv`k RvZxq wbe©vP‡bi bZyb †fvUvi wQj 22%|
 EVM means Electronic Voting Machine|
 GKv`k RvZxq wbe©vP‡b me©‡gvU 6 wU Avm‡b BwfGg eënvi Kiv nq - XvKv 6 Ges 13, PÆMÖvg 9,
iscyi 3, Lyjbv 2 Ges mvZ¶xiv 2|
 GKv`k RvZxq wbe©vP‡b †fv‡Ui nvi 78.91%|
 GKv`k RvZxq wbe©vPb Awa‡ekb ïiæ nq 30 Rvbyqvwi 2019 mv‡j|
 †`‡ki cÖ_g bvix wk¶vgš¿x Wv³vi `xcy gwb|
 GKv`k RvZxq wbe©vP‡b GKgvÎ gwnjv wbe©vPb Kwgkbvi wQ‡jb KweZv Lvbg|
 ¯^vaxb wbe©vPb Kwgkbvi MwVZ nq 5 gvP© 2008 mv‡j|
AvBb wefvM kvmb wefvM wePvi wefvM
AvBb wefvM
 evsjv‡`‡ki AvBbmfvi bvg n‡jv RvZxq msm`|

 AvBb cÖYq‡bi m‡e©v”P cÖwZôvb nj AvBbmfv|
 evsjv‡`‡ki AvBbmfv GKK¶ wewkó|
 †h †Kvb †`‡ki msweavb iPbv K‡i AvBbmfv|
 RvZxq msm‡ì mfvcwZ n‡jb w¯úKvi|
 eZ©gv‡b RvZxq msm‡ì w¯úKvi n‡jb W±i wkixb kviwgb (18Zg)|
 eZ©gv‡b RvZxq msm‡ì †WcywU w¯úKvi n‡jb dR‡j iveŸx|
 RvZxq msm‡ì cÖavb n‡jb cÖavbgš¿x|
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x n‡jb gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv|
 †kL nvwmbv e¨w³ wnmv‡e `kg, Zg wnmv‡e 15 Zg, Uvbv Z…Zxqevi Ges me©‡gvU PZy_© ev‡ii g‡Zv
cÖavbgš¿x wbe©vwPZ nb|
~ 263 ~
 RvZxq msm‡ì AvnŸvb K‡ib ivóªcwZ|

 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki 21 Zg ivóªcwZ n‡”Qb gnvgvb¨ ivóªcwZ GW‡fv‡KU Avãyj nvwg` (20Zg wb‡q
‡KD confused n‡eb bv)|
 RvZxq msm‡ì 1 bv¤^vi Avmb cÂMo †Rjv|
 RvZxq msm‡ì 300 b¤î Avmb ev›ìevb †Rjv|
 RvZxq msm‡ì me‡P‡q Kg GKwU K‡i msm`xq Avmb Av‡Q iv½vgvwU, LvMovQwo Ges ev›ìevb †Rjv|
 RvZxq msm‡ì cÖ_g Awa‡ekb nq 7 GwcÖj 1973 mv‡j|
 RvZxq msm‡ì lô Awa‡ekb wQj me‡P‡q Kg mg‡q gvÎ 12 w`‡bi|
 GKv`k RvZxq msm‡ì cÖ_g Awa‡ekb e‡m 30 Rvbyqvwi 2019 mv‡j|
 RvZxq msm‡ì cÖ_g w`‡Ki †eÂ ¸‡jv‡K ejv nq †UªRvwi ev d«›U †eÂ|
 RvZxq msm‡` Kvw÷s †fvU ejv nq w¯úKv‡ii †fvU‡K|
 msm‡` †Kvivg Gi Rb¨ 60 Rb msm` m`‡mï Dcw¯’wZ cÖ‡qvRb|
 msm‡ì Awa‡ek‡bi g‡a¨ m‡e©v”P weiwZi mgq 60 w`b|
 GKRb m`m¨ w¯úKv‡ii AbygwZ Qvov msm‡ì evwn‡i _vK‡Z cv‡i 90 w`b|
 AvBb cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ msm‡` Dc¯’vwcZ AvB‡bi LiPv†K ejv nq wej|
 miKvwi wej Dc¯’vcb K‡ib gš¿x Ges †emiKvwi wej Dc¯’vcb K‡ib msm‡ì m`mïv|
 miKvwi wej Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ mvZ w`b cÖ‡qvRb Ges †emiKvwi wej Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ 15 w`b cÖ‡qvRb|
 ivóªcwZi wbKU †cÖwiZ we‡j m¤§wZ †`b 15 w`‡bi g‡a¨|
 evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cÖavb AvBb Kg©KZ©v†K ejv nq A¨vUwb© †Rbv‡ij|
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki GUwb© †Rbv‡ij n‡jb Rbve gvney‡e Avjg|
 msm` m`m¨ bb wKš‘ gš¿x cwil‡ì m`m¨ Ggb gš¿x†K ejv nq †UK‡bvKª¨vU gš¿x|
 gwš¿mfvi †gvU m`‡mï m‡e©v”P 10% gš¿x‡K †UK‡bvKª¨vU gš¿x ejv nq|
 eZ©gv‡b RvZxq msm‡ì †UK‡bvKª¨vU gš¿x Av‡Qb wZbRb|
kvmb wefvM
 ivóªcÖavb, miKvi cÖavb, gš¿xcÖavb Ges mwPevjq wb‡q kvmb wefvM ‰Zwi nq|
 evsjv‡`‡ki msm`xq c×wZi miKvi we`¨gvb|
 evsjv‡`k miKvi eë¯’vq iv‡óªi m‡e©v”P gh©v`vi AwaKvix ivóªcwZ Ges miKvi cÖavb n‡”Qb cÖavbgš¿x|
 evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ nIqvi b~b¨Zg eqm 35 eQi|
 ivóªcwZ‡K kc_ evK¨ covb w¯úKvi|
 ivóªcwZ kc_ evK¨ cvV Kivb cÖavbgš¿x Ges gš¿xcwil`, w¯úKvi, †WcywU w¯úKvi Ges cÖavb wePvicwZ|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g ivóªcwZ wQ‡jb e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb|
 evsjv‡`‡ki Aóg ivóªcwZ wQ‡jb †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingvb|
~ 264 ~
 evsjv‡`‡ki 12 Zg ivóªcwZ wQ‡jb †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij †nv‡mb †gvnv¤§` Gikv`|

 evsjv‡`‡ki 19 Zg ivóªcwZ wQ‡jb †gvt wRjøyi ingvb|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x nIqvi b~b¨Zg eqm 25 eQi|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g cÖavbgš¿x wQ‡jb ZvRDwÏb Avn‡g`|
 ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii cÖavb Dc‡`óv wQ‡jb wePvicwZ kvnveywÏb|
 1976 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’vbxq kvmb AwW©b¨vÝ Rvwi Kiv nq|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖkvmb eë¯’v cÖvY‡K›`ª nj mwPevjq|
 evsjv‡`‡ki me©†gvU 41 wU gš¿Yvjq Av‡Q (cÖavbgš¿x I ivóªcwZ Qvov)|
 gyw³hy× welqK gš¿Yvjq MwVZ nq 23 A‡±vei 2001 mv‡j|
 e„nËi †Rjv 19wU|
 evsjv‡`‡ki me© †gvU †Rjv 64 wU Ges cÖ¯ÍvweZ 65 Zg †Rjv ‰fie|
 XvKv wefv‡Mi †Rjvi msL¨v 13 wU|
 gwš¿cwil` wefv‡Mi cÖavb cÖkvmwbK cÖavb †K ejv nq gwš¿cwil` mwPe|
 2011 mv‡ji 28 GwcÖj ms¯’vcb gš¿Yvj‡qi bvg cwieZ©b K‡i RbcÖkvmb gš¿Yvjq Kiv nq|
 eZ©gv‡b wewmGm K¨vWvi msL¨v 26|
 BPATC Aew¯’Z mvfv‡i, hvi cÖavb‡K ejv nq †i±i|
 XvKv wefv‡Mi ¶y`ªZg †Rjv bvivqYMÄ|
 eZ©gvb miKv‡ii ¯’vbxq miKvi KvVv‡gv wZb ¯Í‡ii|
 ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii me‡P‡q wb‡Pi ¯Íi nj BDwbqb cwil`|
 NILG means National Institute Of Local Government.
 ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii m‡e©v”P ¯Íi n‡jv †Rjv cwil`|
 †Rjv cwil‡ì †Pqvig¨vb Gi gh©v`v GKRb cÖwZgš¿xi mgvb|
 Dc‡Rjv evwZj wej cvk nq 26 Rvbyqvwi 1992 mv‡j|
 BDwbqb cwil‡` bvix‡ì msiw¶Z Avm‡bi weavb Kiv nq 1997 mv‡j|
 BDwbqb cwil‡ì m`m¨ msL¨v 13|
 eZ©gv‡b wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb 13wU (me©‡kl dwi`cyi)|
 wmwU Ki‡cv‡ikb †gqi Gi †gqv` cvuP eQi|
 XvKv †cŠimfv nq 1864 mv‡j|
 2011 mv‡j XvKv wmwU DËi Ges `w¶Y wmwU K‡c©v‡ik‡bi fvM Kiv nq|
 cÖ_g Dc‡Rjv cwil` wbe©vPb nq 1985 mv‡j|
 me‡P‡q †QvU wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb wm‡jU (26.5 eM© wK.wg)|
 me‡P‡q eo wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb MvRxcyi (329.9 eM© wK.wg)|
 me©‡kl 28‡k †deªæqvix, 2019 XvKv DËi wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb wbe©vPb nq|
 cieZ©x XvKv DËi Ges `wÿY wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb wbe©vPb n‡e 30 Rvbyqvix 2020 mv‡j (m¤¢ve¨ w`b)|
~ 265 ~
 GKbR‡i wefvM, †Rjv I Dc‡Rjv:

cÖ¯ÍvweZ 65Zg †Rjv ‰fie
‡gvU wefvM 9wU (me©‡kl cÙv)
‡h 5wU †Rjv wb‡q cÙv wefvM MwVZ ‡MvcvjMÄ, dwi`cyi, ivRevox, gv`vixcyi I kixqZcyi
me‡P‡q ÿz`ª cÖkvmwbK wefvM gqgbwmsn
me‡P‡q eo cÖkvmwbK wefvM PÆMÖvg
‡gvU †cŠimfv 329wU (me©‡kl k¨vgbMi, kvZÿxiv)
‡gvU _vbv 647wU
‡gvU Dc‡Rjv 492wU (me©‡kl kv‡q¯ÍvMÄ, nweMÄ)
‡gvvU BDwbqb 4,571wU
wePvi wefvM
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki 22 Zg cÖavb wePvicwZi bvg nj ‰mq` †gvnv¤§` †nv‡mb|

 evsjv‡`‡ki m‡e©v”P Av`vj‡Zi bvg nj mywcÖg †KvU©|
 mywcÖg †KvU© `yB fv‡M wef³- Avwcj wefvM Ges nvB‡KvU© wefvM|
 eZ©gv‡b Avwcj wefv‡Mi wePviK Av‡Qb mvZRb|
 iv‡óªi cÖavb AvBb Kg©KZ©v A¨vUwY© †Rbv‡i‡ji †gqv` wbf©i K‡i ivóªcwZi B”Qvi Dci|
 †Kv‡U© `Ûwewa cvm Kiv nq 1860 mv‡j|
 FIR means First Information Report.
 c¨v‡bj †KvW 154 Ges 155 avivq GdAvBAvi Kiv hvq|
 †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewa wej cvm nq 1998 mv‡j|
 webv Iqv‡i‡›U †MÖdZvi Ki‡Z cv‡i 54 avivq|
 †MÖdZvi Kivi ci Avmvgx‡K 24 N›Uvi †ewk AvUKv‡bv hv‡ebv ejv Av‡Q 61 avivq|
 gvby‡li PjvPj Ges MwZwewai Ici wb‡lavÁv 144 aviv|
 f‡qm †iKW© Kiv hvq 164 avivq|
 `ªæZ wePvi UªvBeÿbvj MwVZ nq 2002 mv‡j|
 evsjv‡`‡ki wePvi eë¯’vq 5 ai‡bi †Ìqvbx Av`vjZ Av‡Q|
 evsjv‡`‡ki `yB ai‡bi †dŠR`vix Av`vjZ Av‡Q|
 ¯^vaxb wePvi wefvM hvÎv K‡i 1 b‡f¤î 2007 mv‡j|
 2004 mv‡j RywWwkqvj mvwf©m Kwgkb MwVZ nq|
 RRC means Regulatory Reforms Commission MwVZ nq 2007 mv‡ji 30 A‡±vei|
 gymwjg cvwievwiK AvBb Aa¨v‡`k Rvwi nq 1961 mv‡j|
 cvwievwiK Av`vjZ Aa¨v‡`k 1985 mv‡j|
 we‡kl ¶gZv AvBb cvk nq 1974 mv‡j|
~ 266 ~
GKbR‡i kc_ evK¨ cvV
‡h cvV Kivb hv‡K cvV Kiv‡bv nq

ivóªcwZ cÖavbgš¿x I gwš¿cwil`
w¯úKvi I †WcywU w¯úKvi
cÖavb wePvicwZ
cÖavbgš¿x wmwU K‡c©v‡ik‡bi †gqi
w¯úKvi ivóªcwZ
msm` m`m¨
cÖavb wePvicwZ cÖavb wbe©vPb Kwgkbvi I KwgkbviMY
wcGmwm †Pqvig¨vb I m`më„›`
Ab¨vb¨ wePvicwZ
gnv-wnmvi wbixÿK
g‡Wj †U÷
1. AvIqvgxjx‡Mi cÖwZôvKvjxb mg‡q †kL gywReyi ingvb wb‡Pi Kx wQ‡jb?

K) hyM¥ m¤úv`K L) m¤úv`K M) mnmfvcwZ N) mfvcwZ
2. Voice of God ejv nq Kv‡K?
K) RbgZ L) ivóª M) mgvR N) ixwZbxwZ
3. GKv`k RvZxq wbe©vP‡b †gvU KZwU Avm‡b B‡jKUªwbK †fvwUs †gwk‡b †fvU MÖnY Kiv nq?
K) 06wU L) 08wU M) 09wU N) 10wU
DËi cÎ
1 K 2 K 3 K
evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq AR©b Ges wewkó e¨w³Z¡
wewkó e¨w³Z¡
 evsjv‡`‡ki wkï‡ì AwaKvi¸‡jv Zz‡j ai‡Z Ges cywó, ¯^v¯’¨, my‡cq cvwb, m¨vwb‡Ukb I cwi”QbœZv
Ges wbivcËv wel‡q Rbm‡PZbZv m„wó‡Z RvZxq `‡ji wµ‡KUvi †g‡n`x nvmvb wgivR RvwZms‡Ni
wkïwelqK ms¯’v Unicef Gi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q‡Qb|
~ 267 ~
 wd« ÷vB‡j dzUej/ev‡¯‹Uej wb‡q kvixwiK KmiZ †`wL‡q wM‡bm ey‡K wØZxqev‡ii g‡Zv bvg †jLvb
gv¸ivi gvngy`yj nvmvb dqmvj|
 we‡k¦i 100 Aby‡cÖiYv`vqx bvixi ZvwjKvq 81 Zg n‡jb evsjv‡`‡ki mxgv ivbx miKvi|
 m¤úªwZ wewewm evsjv‡`kx bvix mxgv ivbx miKvi‡K ÒFull time motherÓ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Q|
 mxgv ivbx miKvi‡K wb‡q ˆZix cÖ_g Av‡jvi cÖvgvb¨wP‡Îi bvg Ògv‡qi ü`qÓ|
 evsjv‡`k 2019-21 mv‡ji ‡gqv‡` RvwZms‡Ni gvbevwaKvi cwil‡ì m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nq|
 evsjv‡`‡ki wek¦ cigvYy K¬v‡e 32 Zg m`m¨|
 ‡dve©m Gi †miv ZiæY ZvwjKvq ¯’vb cvIqv `yRb ZiæY h_vµ‡g mvbx mv‡bvqvi Ges †gvnv¤§` Avwid
cv‡fj|
 wWªgjvBbvi nj †dv_© †Rbv‡ikb GqviµvdU|
 eûj Av‡jvwPZ wUªg¨vb wRb kbv³ K‡ib †gvnv¤§` DwÏb|
 evsjv‡`k AvBwmwWwWAviwe KZ©…K Avwe®‹…Z Lvevi m¨vjvBb Gi 50 eQi c~Y© nq 2018 mv‡j|
 †mvk¨vj gv‡K©wUs †Kv¤úvwb evsjv‡`‡k ‰Zwi Lvevi m¨vjvBb evRviRvZ Kiv ïiæ K‡i 1985 mvj †_‡K|
 weªwUk cvj©v‡g‡›U cÖ_g evsjv‡`kx es‡kv™¢~Z Ggwc n‡jb iækbviv Avjx|
 K‡½v cÖRvZš¿ †hvM`vbKvix `yB bvix ‰egvwbK n‡jb bvBgv nK Ges Zvgvbœv jyrwd|
 BD‡b‡¯‹vi g‡Z ¯úk©KvZi HwZ‡nï ZvwjKvq PZy_© n‡jv kxZjcvwU (2017)|
 evsjv‡`‡ki bvRgyb bvnvi †mvnvMx d¬vM I‡gb bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 Gfv‡i÷ Rq Ki‡Z wM‡q g„ZyëiY Kvix evsjv‡`kxi bvg n‡jv mRj Lv‡j`|
 cÖ_g evsjv‡`wk wn‡m‡e †m‡fb mvwgU Rq K‡ib wbkvZ gRyg`vi|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb Z_¨ Kg©KZ©vi bvg n‡jv Aa¨vcK †eMg Kvgiæb bvnvi|
 evsjv GKv‡Wwgi eZ©gvb mfvcwZ W. Avwbmy¾vgvb|
 RvwZms‡N evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb ¯’vqx cÖwZwbwa n‡jb gvmy` web †gv‡gb|
 K…wÎg nvZ Ges f~wgK¤ú c~e©vfvm hš¿ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib Gg Gg Kwig †PŠayix|
 weªwUk nvB‡Kv‡U© cÖ_g evsjv‡`wk es‡kv™¢~Z wePviK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM jvf K‡ib AvLjvKyi ingvb|
 hy³iv‡R¨ UvIqvi n¨vg‡j‡Ui cÖ_g evsjv‡`kx bvix w¯úKvi n‡jb mvwebv Av³vi|
 cÖm~wZ gwnjv‡ì Rxeb i¶v‡_© mv‡qev †g_W Avwe®‹vi K‡ib Wv³vi mv‡qev|
 `yb©xwZ `gb Kwgk‡bi eZ©gvb †Pqvig¨vb n‡jb BKevj gvngy` (cÂg)|
 gvbevwaKvi Kwgk‡bi eZ©gvb †Pqvig¨vb n‡jb KvRx wiqvRyj nK (Z…Zxq)|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g bvix mwjwmUi n‡jb †Rmwgb Aviv †eMg|
 cÖ_g evsjv‡`wk wn‡m‡e GBPAvBwf Gi M‡elYv K‡ib Aa¨vcK W±i iv‡k`v Bqvmwgb wkíx|
 cÖ_g evsjv‡`wk es‡kv™¢~Z wn‡m‡e A·‡dvW© ÷y‡W›U BDwbq‡bi mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb Avwbmv dviæK|
 bvmvq †cŠuQv‡bv cÖ_g evsjv‡`kxi bvg n‡jv AvwbKv b~i|
 e½eÜyi Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx Aviwe Abyev`K Gi bvg †gvt wèvRvn|
 eZ©gv‡b 12 Zg cÖavb wbe©vPb Kwgkbv‡ii bvg †K Gg byiæj û`v|
~ 268 ~
 evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb 21 Zg ivóªcwZ n‡jb gnvgvb¨ ivóªcwZ GW‡fv‡KU †gvt Avãyj nvwg`|
 Rybv‡q` Kvgvj wek¦e¨vs‡Ki country director wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM jvf K‡ib|
 cÖ_g evsjv‡`wk Av‡gwiKvb wn‡m‡e wbD BqK© wmwU cywjk wWcvU©‡g›U G K¨v‡Þb c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib
L›`Kvi Avãyjøvn|
 †mbvevwnbx‡Z Kg©iZ †`‡ki cÖ_g bvix c¨vivUªycvi n‡jb K¨v‡Þb RvbœvZyj †di‡`Šm|
 m¤cÖwZ gvwK©b AšÍeZ©x wbe©vP‡b RqjvfKvix `yB evsjv‡`wk h_vµ‡g †kL ingvb Ges Avãyj Lvb|
 cÖ_g evsjv‡`wk es‡kv™¢~Z wn‡m‡e hy³iv‡R¨ Gi wKg¨vb AvBj¨vÛ Gi Mfb©i wbe©vwPZ nb Av‡bvqvi
†PŠayix|
 m¤cÖwZ RvwZms‡Ni Z`šÍ Kwgk‡bi m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb AvBbRxex mviv †nv‡mb|
 evsjv KvU©yb wmwiR wgbv Gi ¯ªóv wkíx n‡jb †gv¯Ídv g‡bvqvi|
 cÖ_g Bswjk P¨v‡bj AwZµgKvix evsjv‡`wk n‡jb eª‡Rb `vm|
 evsjv P¨v‡bj Rq Kiv cÖ_g wK‡kvix n‡jb wgZy Av³vi|
 evsjv P¨v‡bj Gi Avwe®‹viK n‡jb cÖqvZ Av‡jvKwPÎx KvRx nvwg`yj nK|
 m¤cÖwZ fvi‡Zi wÎcyivi gyL¨gš¿x wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb Pvu`cy‡ii †Q‡j wecøe Kygvi †è|
 21 gvP© 2018 mv‡j g„ZyëiYKvix exi cÖZxK cÖvß bvix gyw³‡hv×v KuvKb wewe wQ‡jb Lvwmqv m¤cÖ`v‡qi|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g `yB bvix wddv †idvwi n‡”Qb mvjgv Av³vi I Rqv PvKgv|
evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq AR©b
e½eÜz-1 m¨v‡UjvBU
 e½eÜz m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui AiweUvj Aew¯’Z 119.1⁰ c~e© `ªvwNgvs‡k|

 e½eÜz m¨v‡UjvBU 1 Gi UªvÝcÛvi nj PwjøkwU|
 e½eÜz m¨v‡UjvBU 1 Dr‡ÿcY nq hy³iv‡óªi †d¬vwiWv †_‡K|
 e½eÜz m¨v‡UjvBU 1 †K enbKvix i‡K‡Ui bvg n‡jv Ôd¨vjKb-9Õ|
 e½eÜz m¨v‡UjvBU 1 Dr‡ÿcbKvix ms¯’v n‡jv Ô‡¯úm-G·Õ|
 e½eÜz m¨v‡UjvBU 1 cÖ¯‘ZKvix cÖwZôvb n‡jv _v‡jmv‡jwbqv †¯úm|
 e½eÜz m¨v‡UjvBU 1 ZË¡eav‡b _vK‡e evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZôvb BCSCL|
 m¨v‡UjvBU Dr‡ÿc‡b evsjv‡`k 57Zg ‡`k|
 e½eÜz m¨v‡UjvBU 1 Gi †gqv` 15 eQi|
 19 †g, 2019 mv‡j †`‡ki cÖ_g m¨v‡UjvBU Dr‡ÿc‡Yi el©c~wZ© D`hvcb I †mev wecYb Kvh©µg
AvbyôvwbKfv‡e D‡Øvab Kiv nq|
~ 269 ~
mve‡gwib I evsjv‡`k
 mve‡gwib _vKv †`‡ki g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k 42Zg|

 cÖwZiÿv gš¿Yvjq mve‡gwib wbqš¿Y K‡i|
 weGbGm †kL nvwmbv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g mve‡gwib, hv PÆMÖv‡g Aew¯’Z|
 behvÎv I RqhvÎv bvgK `ywU mve‡gwib evsjv‡`k Px‡bi KvQ †_‡K µq K‡i|
 ‡`‡ki cÖ_g mve‡gwib K¨vej: SEA-ME-WE-4|
 wØZxq mve‡gwib K¨ve‡ji bvg SEA-ME-WE-5|
 Kjvcvov, KzqvKvUv, cUzqvLvjx‡Z j¨vwÛs †÷k‡bi Ae¯’vb|
 Gi d‡j evsjv‡`k AwZwi³ e¨vÛD_ cv‡”Q 1500 wMMvevB‡Ui †ewk|
 mve‡gwib wbqš¿K cÖwZôvb BCCL (Bangladesh Submerine Cable Company Limited)|
 mve‡gwib K¨vej WvK I †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b|
GjwWwm I evsjv‡`k
 eZ©gvb GjwWwmfz³ †`k 47wU|

 RvwZms‡Ni 16 gvP©, 2018 mv‡ji cÖKvwkZ wmwWwc wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx wZbwU †`k cÖv_wgKfv‡e GjwWwm
gy³ nevi †hvM¨Zv AR©b K‡i‡Q| †`k wZbwU n‡”Q- evsjv‡`k, wgqvbgvi I jvIm|
 LDC (Least Developed Country) m~PK †Ìqv nq wZb eQi ci ci|
 GjwWwm gy³ n‡Z n‡j kZ© wZbwU-
kZ© gvb evsjv‡`‡ki AR©b
A_©‰bwZK f½yiZv m~PK 32 ev Zvi Kg 25.1
wZb eQ‡ii Mo Avq 1230 Wjvi 1272 Wjvi
gvbem¤ú` Dbœqb m~PK gvb 66 ev Zvi †ewk 72.8
 GjwWwmfz³ †`k¸‡jv evwYR¨ myweav `vb I wRGmwc myweav †c‡q _v‡K|
 ECOSOC GjwWwmi aviYv †`q 1971 mv‡j|
 evsjv‡`k ¯^‡ívDbœZ †`kfz³ nq 1975 mv‡j|
 GjwWwmgy³ n‡j evsjv‡`k wZbwU myweav cv‡ebv- wRGmwc myweav, mnR k‡Z© FY I KwcivBU myweav|
~ 270 ~
GKbR‡i e½eÜz
cwiPq
 Rb¥:
➢ 1920 mv‡ji 17 gvP© (g½jevi)
➢ evsjv 1326 mvj (4 ‰PÎ)|
➢ m¤úªwZ KvbvWvi ivRavbx A‡Uvqvq 2020 mv‡ji 17 gvP©‡K e½eÜz wèm †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
➢ D‡jøL¨ RvZxq wkï wèm 17 B gvP©|
 Rb¥¯’vb:
➢ ‡Rjv: dwi`cyi
➢ gnKzgv: †MvcvjMÄ (gaygwZ b`xi Zx‡i)
➢ BDwbqb: cvUMvZx
➢ MÖvg: Uzw½cvov (evBMvi b`xi Zx‡i)|
 WvKbvg: †LvKv, eÜziv WvKZ gywRe fvB (gywRe A_© DËi`vZv)|
 wcZv: †kL jyrdi ingvb (‡MvcvjMÄ Av`vj‡Zi †m‡i¯Ív`vi wQ‡jb)|
 gvZv: mv‡qiv LvZzb|
 ¯¿x: †kL dwRjvZz‡bœmv (WvKbvg ‡iby)| Ibvi `v`v wQ‡jb e½eÜzi `v`vi PvPv‡Zv fvB|
wkÿvRxeb
 1927 mv‡j wMgvWv½v cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q (‡kL Avãyi iwk` Gg B ¯‹zj) QvÎRxe‡bi m~Pbv nq|
 1929 mv‡j ‡MvcvjMÄ mxZvbv_ GKv‡Wgx‡Z (‡MvcvjMÄ cvewjK ¯‹zj) Z…Zxq †kÖwY‡Z fwZ© nb|
 1934 mv‡j gv`vixcyi Bmjvgxqv nvB¯‹z‡j 7g †kÖwY‡Z cov Ae¯’vq †ewi‡ewi †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nb|
 1937 mv‡j wZb eQi cov‡jLv eÜ _vKvi ci †MvcvMÄ gv_yivbv_ wgkbvwi ¯‹z‡j Avevi ïiæ K‡ib|
 Zuvi M„n wkÿK wQ‡jb KvRx Avãyj nvwg` GgGmwm|
 1941 mv‡j R¡i _vKvq GbUªvÝ (Gm.Gm.wm) cixÿvq cvk Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb|
 1942 mv‡j GbUªvÝ cixÿvq cvk K‡ib Ges KjKvZvi Bmjvgxqv K‡j‡R (eZ©gvb gIjvbv AvRv`
K‡jR) AvB. G fwZ© nb|
 1947 mv‡j KjKvZv Bmjvgxqv K‡jR †_‡K we. G cvk K‡ib|
 e½eÜzi g‡Z ¯ú¨vwbk fvlv Lye wgwói wQj|
~ 271 ~
ivR‰bwZK Rxeb
 1939 mv‡j gymwjg QvÎjx‡M †hvM †`b (†MvcvjMÄ kvLvi mvaviY m¤úv`K)|
 1943 mv‡j gymwjg jx‡Mi KvDwÝji wbe©vwPZ nb|
 1945 mv‡j Bmjvgxqv K‡jR QvÎ msm‡ì wRGm wbe©vwPZ nb|
 1948 mv‡ji 4 Rvbyqvwi dRjyj nK wgjbvqZ‡b bvRgyj Kwi‡gi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ c~e© cvwK¯Ívb gymwjg
QvÎjxM cÖwZôv K‡ib|
 1949 mv‡ji 23 Ryb c~e© cvwK¯Ívb AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM MVb K‡ib Ges hyM¥ m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ nb|
 1953 mv‡j AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K nb|
 1953 mv‡ji 4 wW‡m¤îi cÖ_g mvaviY wbe©vP‡b me we‡ivax `j wg‡j hy³d«›U MVb K‡ib|
 1954 mv‡ji 14 †g e½eÜz hy³d«›U gwš¿mfvq K…wl, FY, mgevq I cjøx Dbœqb welqK Ges me©Kwbô
gš¿x wn‡m‡e kc_ MÖnY K‡ib|
 1955 mv‡ji 5 Ryb cvwK¯Ívb MYcwil‡ì m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nb|
 1956 mv‡j †Kvqvwjkb miKv‡ii (AvZvDi ingv‡bi miKvi) wkí, evwYR¨, kÖg, `yb©xwZ `gb I wf‡jR
GBW gš¿x nb|
 1966 mv‡ji 5 I 6 ‡deªæqvwi jv‡nv‡i we‡ivax `j¸‡jvi RvZxq m‡¤§j‡b †PŠayix †gvnv¤§` Avjxi
evmfe‡b HwZnvwmK 6 `dv †ck K‡ib|
 1970 mv‡j Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡ AvIqvgx jxM cvwK¯Ív‡bi RvZxq cwil` wbe©vP‡bi 169wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 167wU
Avmb jvf K‡i Ges cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì 300wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 298wU Avmb jvf K‡i|
 1971 mv‡ji 7 gvP© ZrKvjxb †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b (‡mvnivIqv`©©x D`¨vb) gq`v‡b fvl‡Y †NvlYv K‡ib,
ÒGev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡ì gyw³i msMÖvg, Gev‡ii msMÖvg ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvgÓ|
 1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© gaïvZ †k‡l A_©vr 26 gvP© cÖ_g cÖn‡i e½eÜz AvbyôvwbK fv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki
¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib|
 1971 mv‡ji 10 GwcÖj ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g miKv‡ii ivóªcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb|
 1972 mv‡ji 12 Rvbyqvwi cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e kc_ MÖnY K‡ib|
 1975 mv‡ji 25 Rvbyqvwi cybivq ivóªcwZ wn‡m‡e kc_ †bb|
KvivRxeb
 ‡gvU KvivMv‡i KvUvb 4682 w`b|

 weªwUk Avg‡j 7 w`b|
 cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j 4675 w`b|
 cÖ_g †Rj Lv‡Ub 1938 mv‡j|
 ‡gvU †MÖdZvi †nvb 21 evi|
~ 272 ~
e½eÜz nZ¨vKvÛ I wePvi
 ‡gRi dviæK I †gRi ikx` wQ‡jb e½eÜz nZ¨vi g~j cwiKíbvKvix|

 15 AvM÷ †fvi 5:40 wgwb‡U RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv nq|
 Zuvi ey‡K 18wU ¸wji wPý cvIqv †M‡Q|
 e½eÜz cwiev‡ii †gvU 18 Rb GB mgq wbnZ nq|
 1996 mv‡ji 2 A‡±vei avbgwÛ _vbvq e½eÜzi evmfe‡bi mv‡eK wc G Av.d.g. gwnZzj Bmjvg
e½eÜz I Zuvi cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì nZ¨v gvgjv `v‡qi K‡ib|
 GB gvgjvi wePviK wQ‡jb cÖavb wePvicwZ Zdv¾j Bmjvg, wePvicwZ Avãyj AvwRR, wePvicwZ
†gvRv‡¤§j †nv‡mb I wePvicwZ Gm †K wmbnv|
 2010 mv‡ji 27 Rvbyqvwi GB gvgjvi 5 Rb Avmvgxi g„Zz¨`Û Kvh©Ki Kiv nq|
e½eÜzi HwZnvwmK 7 gvP© fvlY
 7B gvP©, 1971 mv‡j wZwb weL¨vZ 7 B gv‡P©i fvlY †`b|

 7B gvP© 1971 mvj wQj iweevi|
 7B gvP© fvl‡Yi g~j welqe¯Íy wQj PviwU|
 7B gvP© Gi fvlY wQj me©‡gvU 23 wgwb‡Ui wKš‘ †iKW© Kiv nq 18 wgwbU 56 †m‡KÛ|
 7B gv‡P©i fvl‡Y kã wQj 1108 wU|
 7 B gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi Rb¨ wbDR DBKm Zv‡K c‡qU Ad cwjwU· wn‡m‡e †NvlYv w`‡q‡Q|
 7 B gv‡P©i fvlY †iKW© K‡ib G GBP L›`Kvi|
 7 B gv‡P©i fvlY Gi wPÎ avibKvix Aveyj Lv‡qi|
 7 B gv‡P©i fvlY msi¶Y K‡ib gywneyi ingvb Lvu|
 mv`vKv‡jv 7 B gv‡P©i fvlY iw½b Kiv nq 2016 mv‡j|
 7 B gv‡P©i fvlY Ab~w`Z nq 13 wU fvlvq (me©‡kl _vB fvlvq 15 gvP© 2018 mv‡j)|
 7 B gv‡P©i fvlY‡K hy³iv‡óªi ivóªcwZ Ave«vnvg wjsK‡bi 2 wgwb‡Ui †MwUmevM© fvl‡Yi mv‡_ Zyjbv Kiv
nq|
 †g‡gvwi Ad `¨ Iqvì© Gi Aax‡b 30 A‡±vei 2017 mv‡j 7 B gv‡P©i fvlY‡K wek¦ HwZ‡nï `wjj
wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Q BD‡b‡¯‹v|
 BD‡b‡¯‹v †g‡gvwi Ad `v Iqvì© †cÖvMÖvgwU Pvjy K‡i 1992 mv‡j|
 7 B gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi ¯^xK…wZi mgq BD‡b‡¯‹v gnvcwiPvjK wQ‡jb Erina Vokavo|
 7 B gv‡P©i fvlY‡K we‡k¦i cÖvgvY¨ HwZ‡nï Ask wn‡m‡e BD‡b‡¯‹v cvuPwU ms¯’vi Kv‡Q mb` n¯ÍvšÍi
K‡i:
➢ Z_¨ Ges †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ gš¿Yvjq,
~ 273 ~
➢ evsjv‡`k †eZvi,
➢ Pjw”PÎ Ges cÖKvkbv Awa`ßi.
➢ gyw³hy× Rv`yNi,
➢ evsjv‡`k wdj¥ AvK©vBf|
Dcvwa
 1969 mv‡ji 23 †deªæqvwi XvKvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b wekvj MY-msea©bvq QvÎ †bZv †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g`
†kL gywReyi ingvb‡K Ôe½eÜzÕ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡ib|
 1971 mv‡ji 3 gvP© e½eÜz‡K ÔRvwZi RbKÕ wn‡m‡e AvL¨v †`b Av.m.g Avãyi ie|
 gvwK©b mvßvwnK ÔwbDRDBKÕ g¨vMvwRb e½eÜz‡K ÔivRbxwZi KweÕ (Poet of Politics) wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ
K‡i|
 2004 mv‡ji 26 gvP© wewewm evsjv mvwf©‡mi †kÖvZv Rwi‡c wbe©vwPZ Ôme©Kv‡ji me©‡kÖô evOvwjÕ wn‡m‡e
Zuvi bvg †NvlYv K‡i|
 e½eÜz‡K Ô‡d«Û Ae `¨ Iqvì©Õ ev Ôwek¦ eÜz wn‡m‡e AvL¨v w`‡jb RvwZmsN mì`ß‡i cÖ_gev‡ii gZ
Av‡qvwRZ RvZxq †kvK wèm Abyôv‡bi Av‡jvPKMY|
e½eÜz iwPZ MÖš’mg~n
Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx
 Bs‡iRx wk‡ivbvg: The Unfinished Memoirs|
 cÖKvwkZ nq: 2012 mv‡j|
 cÖKvk K‡i: BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wj.|
 f~wgKv †jLK: ‡kL nvwmbv|
 iPbvKvj: 1966-69 mvj, XvKv †K›`ªxq KvivMv‡i _vKv Ae¯’vq|
 Ab~w`Z nq: 12wU fvlvq|
 cÖKvwkZ nq: 13wU fvlvq|
 me©‡kl BZvjxqvb fvlvq Abyev` K‡ib: Avbœv †Kvw°qv‡ijøv|
 Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx‡Z e½eÜzi 1955 mvj ch©šÍ NUbvewj Zz‡j aiv nq|
 Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebxi wewfbœ fvlvq D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KwZcq AYyev`‡Ki bvg:
fvlv Abyev`K
Bs‡iRx W. dKiæj Avjg
Rvcvwb KvRywn‡iv IqvZvbv‡e
Pxbv PvB wk
Aviwe ‡gvnv¤§` wèvRvn (wdwjw¯Íb)
divwm d«vÝ fÆvUvh©
~ 274 ~
wnw›` ‡cÖg Kvcyi

ZzwK© AvZvZzK© ms¯‹…wZ I M‡elYv †K›`ª
‡¯úb ‡eÄvwgb K¬vK©
Amwgqv ‡mŠ‡gb fviZxqv I Rywi kg©v
KvivMv‡ii †ivRbvgPv
 Bs‡iRx wk‡ivbvg: Prison Dairy|
 eBwUi bvg iv‡Lb †kL †invbv|
 cÖKvwkZ nq: 17 gvP©, 2017 mv‡j|
 cÖKvk K‡i: evsjv GKv‡Wwg|
 f~wgKv †jLK: †kL nvwmbv|
 Ab~w`Z nq: 2wU fvlvq|
 cÖKvwkZ nq: 3wU fvlvq|
 Ab¨ fvlvq iwPZ KvivMv‡ii †ivRbvgPv:
fvlv Abyev`K
Bs‡iRx W. dKiæj Avjg
Amwgqv ‡mŠ‡gb fviZxqv
bqv Pxb ågY
 2020 mv‡ji GKz‡k MÖš’‡gjvq Avm‡Q e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi †jLv Z…Zxq MÖš’ Ôbqv Pxb ågYÕ|
 eBwU cÖKvk Ki‡e evsjv GKv‡Wwg|
e½eÜz‡K wb‡q iwPZ MÖš’mg~n
eB iPwqZv
gywRe fvB GweGg g~mv
Rb‡Ki gyL AvLZvi †nv‡mb (m¤úv`K)
‡`qvj (Dcb¨vm) ûgvq~b Avn‡g`
e½eÜz RvwZ iv‡óªi RbK cÖZ¨q Rmxg
e½eÜz mnR cvV AvwZqvi ingvb
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb I evOvjx Kvgvj DwÏb †nv‡mb
RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb wmivR DwÏb Avn‡g`
e½eÜz †kL gywRe‡K KvQ †_‡K †`Lv gy¯Ídv miIqvi
gywReel©
 mgqKvj: 17 gvP©, 2020 †_‡K 26 gvP© 2021|

 UNESCO Gi D‡`¨v‡M 2020 mv‡j e½eÜzi Rb¥kZ evwl©Kx cvwjZ n‡e we‡k¦i 195wU †`‡k|
~ 275 ~
 17 gvP©, 2020 mv‡j HwZnvwmK †mvnivIqv`©x D`¨v‡b el©e¨vcx e½eÜzi Rb¥kZevwl©Kx D`hvc‡bi
RvZxq Abyôv‡bi D‡Øvabx ce© AbywôZ n‡e|
 D‡Øvabx Abyôv‡bi g~j e³e¨ ivL‡eb fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x b‡i›`ª †gvw`|
 e½eÜzi Rb¥kZevwl©Kxi D`hvcb Abyôv‡bi KvD›U-WvDb ïiæ n‡e 10 Rvbyqvix, 2020 mvj †_‡K|
 gywReel© m¤ú‡K© mKj Z_¨ Rvbvi Rb¨ miKv‡ii Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wefvM gywRe nv‡ÛW
(www.mujib100.gov.bd) bv‡g GKwU I‡qemvBU ‰Zwi K‡i‡Q|
GKbR‡i ewnwe©‡k¦ Òe½eÜzÓ
wb`k©Y Ae¯’vb
e½eÜyi ¯§„wZ Kÿ KjKvZv, fviZ
e½eÜy feb KjKvZv, fviZ
e½eÜy †kL gywRe miwb KjKvZv, fviZ
e½eÜy †kL gywRe moK w`wjø, fviZ
e½eÜy ¯‹qvi d«vÝ
RvwZi wcZv e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb moK bg‡cb, K‡¤^vwWqv
‡kL gywRe I‡q wkKv‡Mv, hy³ivóª
e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb moK-1 AvsKviv, Zzi¯‹
e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb moK-2 wdwjw¯Í‡bi cwðg Zx‡ii †neib kn‡i
e½eÜzi cÖwZK…wZ my`v‡bi Rv`yN‡i
GKbR‡i e½eÜz‡K wb‡q ‡jLv KweZv
KweZv ‡jLK
wd‡i Avm‡Qb †kL gywRe wmKv›`vi Avey Rvdi
whmvm gywRe gyn¤§` byiæj û`v
i³gvLv PigcÎ ‡ejvj †PŠayix
gywRe gv‡b gyw³ wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y
Avevi Avwme wd‡i gnv‡è mvnv
~ 276 ~
GKbR‡i gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv
cwiPq
 Rb¥:
➢ 28 †mÞ¤î 1947 mvj|
 Rb¥ ¯’vb:
➢ †MvcvjM‡Äi Uyw½cvovq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
 wkÿv I ivR‰bwZK Rxeb:
➢ wUKvUywji bvixwk¶v gw›ì evwjKv we`¨vj‡q fwZ© nb 1956 mv‡j|
➢ AvwRgcyi evwjKv we`¨vjq †_‡K g¨vwUªK cvm K‡ib 1965 mv‡j|
➢ XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K evsjv wefv‡M mœvZK wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib 1973 mv‡j|
➢ 1975 mv‡j e½eÜy nZ¨vKv‡Ûi mgq †kL nvwmbv Ges †kL †invbv wQ‡jb cwðg Rvg©vwb‡Z|
➢ †g 1981 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k wd‡i wZwb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb|
➢ cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv Gi Kvh©vjq Gi Z_¨ g‡Z GB ch©šÍ cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv Dci mš¿vmx
nvgjv nq 19 evi|
 cyi¯‹vi I m¤§vbbv:
➢ me© fviZxq msN 1998 mv‡j †kL nvwmbv‡K gv`vi †Z‡imv c`K cÖ`vb K‡ib|
➢ wkï g„Zy¨ nvi n«v‡mi Rb¨ GgwWwR cyi¯‹vi cvb 2010 mv‡j|
➢ `vwi`ª we‡gvP‡bi Rb¨ mvD_ mvD_ A¨vIqvW© cvb 2013 mv‡j|
➢ BD‡b‡¯‹v †kL nvwmbv‡K kvwšÍi e„¶ wn‡m‡e 2014 mv‡j †NvlYv †`q|
➢ RvwZms‡Ni cwi‡ek welqK m‡e©v”P cyi¯‹vi P¨vw¤úqb Ae `¨v Av_© cvb 2015 mv‡j|
➢ BÝwUwUDU Ae mvD_ Gwkqvb DB‡gb cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv‡K bvixi ÿgZvq‡b Amvgvb¨ Ae`vb
Ges Gkxq AÂ‡ji `ÿ ‡bZ…‡Z¡i Rb¨ ÒLifetime contribution for women
empowerment awardÓ cÖ`vb K‡i|
➢ cÖavbgš¿x‡K Mother of Humanity †Nvlbv K‡i e„wUk wUwf P¨v‡bj- Four|
➢ RvwZms‡Ni UN women KZ©…K cøv‡bU 50-50 cyi¯‹vi 2016 mv‡j|
➢ A‡÷ªwjqv‡Z AbywôZ †Møvevj I‡gÝ mvwgU †_‡K †Møvevj I‡gbÕm wjWviwkc A¨vIqvW© cvb 2018
mv‡j|
➢ IPS KZ©…K International Achievement Award cvb 2018 mv‡ji|
➢ †kL nvwmbv †ivwn½v kiYv_©x‡ì AvkÖq †Ìqvi Rb¨ †NvwlZ nb gv`vi Ad wnDg¨vwbwU bv‡g|
➢ `vIiv‡q nvw`m †K wWwMÖ m¤§v‡bi Kivq 14 b‡f¤î 2018 mv‡j †kL nvwmbv‡K KIwg Rbbx wn‡m‡e
f~wlZ Kiv nq|
➢ `yb©xwZ I `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvP‡b Ae`vb ivLvq Ô‡U‡Mvi wcm A¨vIqvW© 2018Õ jvf K‡ib cÖavbgš¿x †kL
nvwmbv| 5 A‡±vei, 2019 G fvi‡Zi ivRavbx bqvw`wjø‡Z Zuvi nv‡Z G cyi®‹vi Zz‡j †Ìqv nq|
~ 277 ~
➢ myBRvij¨vÛ wfwËK wek¦e¨vwc wUKv`vb ms¯’v Ô‡Møvevj A¨vjv‡qÝ di f¨vKwm‡mkb A¨vÛ

BwgDbvB‡Rkb (GAVI)’ Avgv‡ì gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x‡K Ôf¨vKwmb wn‡ivÕ cyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ K‡i|
➢ Forbes The World’s 100 Most Powerful Women 2019- G gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL
nvwmbv 29Zg n‡q‡Qb|
➢ cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY Awa‡ek‡b me wgwj‡q me©‡gvU 16 evi Ges Uvbv 11
evi AskMÖnY K‡ib|
 cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbvi †jLv wKQy eB‡qi bvg:
➢ †kL gywRe Avgvi wcZv
➢ Iiv †UvKvB †Kb
➢ evsjv‡`‡k ‰¯îZ‡š¿i Rb¥
➢ `vwi`ª we‡gvPb, wKQy fvebv
➢ Avgvi ¯^cœ, Avgvi msMÖvg
➢ mv`v Kv‡jv
➢ meyR gvV †cwi‡q
➢ Avgiv RbM‡Yi K_v ej‡Z G‡mwQ
➢ Miles To Go
➢ The Quest For Vision 2021
g‡Wj †U÷
1. e½eÜz cwK¯Ívb Avg‡j KZw`b †Rj Lv‡Ub?

K) 4682 w`b L) 4675 w`b M) 4677 w`b N) 4688 w`b
2. wek¦e¨vwc wUKv`vb ms¯’v Ô‡Møvevj A¨vjv‡qÝ di f¨vKwm‡mkbÕ †Kvb †`k wfwËK?
K) KvbvWv L) hy³ivóª M) myBRvij¨vÛ N) d«vÝ
3. gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv me©‡gvU KZ evi RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY Awa‡ek‡b AskMÖnY K‡ib?
K) 11 evi L) 13 evi M) 15 evi N) 16 evi
DËi cÎ
1 L 2 M 3 N
¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖwZôvb
 evsjv GKv‡Wwg cÖwZwôZ nq 1955 mv‡j|

 evsjv GKv‡Wwg fe‡bi g~j bvg ea©gvb nvDm|
 evsjv GKv‡Wwg cyi¯‹vi cÖewZ©Z nq 1960 mv‡j|
~ 278 ~
 evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU cÖwZwôZ nq 3 Rvbyqvwi 1952 mv‡j|

 1959 mv‡j Kywgjøv evW© cÖwZôv K‡ib AvLZvi nvwg` Lvb|
 1968 mv‡j K_vwkíx m‡Z¨b †mb D`xPx MVb K‡ib|
 1974 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq mvs¯‹…wZK †K›`ª evsjv‡`k wkíKjv GKv‡Wwg cÖwZwôZ nq|
 1976 mv‡j evsjv‡`k wkï GKv‡Wgx cÖwZwôZ nq|
 Ave`yjøvn Avey mvqx` Gi D‡`¨v‡M 1978 mv‡j evsjv‡`k wek¦ mvwnZ¨ †K›`ª cÖwZôv Kiv nq|
 wek¦ mvwnZ¨ †K‡›`ªi †¯øvMvb nj Av‡jvwKZ gvbyl PvB|
 2001 mv‡ji 15 gvP© RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwPe Kwd Avbvb Gi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv
AvšÍR©vwZK gvZ…fvlv Bbw÷wUDU Gi wfwËcÖ¯Íi ¯’vcb K‡ib Ges 21 †deªæqvwi, 2010 D‡Øvab K‡ib|
 1973 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k RvZxq AvK©vBf cÖwZwôZ nq|
 1913 mv‡j XvKv Rv`yNi D‡Øvab Kiv nq Ges 1983 mv‡ji XvKv RvZxq Rv`yN‡i iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv nq|
 iKm wgDwRqvg cÂMo G Aew¯’Z|
 BDF (Bangladesh Development Forum) Gi cÖwZôvKvjxb bvg nj c¨vwim GBW Mªyc|
 2016 mv‡j BIDA (Bangladesh Investment Development Authority) cÖwZwôZ nq|
 BIDA Gi cÖavb n‡jb cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv Ges cÖavb Kvh©vjq XvKvi AvMviMvuI‡Z Aew¯’Z|
 2010 mv‡j BEZA (Bangladesh Economic Zones Authority) cÖwZôv Kiv nq|
 BEZA Gi mfvcwZ cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv|
 2030 mv‡ji gv‡S evsjv‡`‡k SEZ (Special Economic Zone) Kiv n‡e 100 wU|
 1982 mv‡j ECNEC (Executive Committee Of National Economic Council) cÖwZôv
Kiv nq|
 ECNEC Gi mfvcwZ cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv Ges cÖwZ g½jevi wbqwgZ Awa‡ekb nq|
 NICAR (National Implementation Committee For Administrative Reforms) Gi
mfvcwZ cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv|
 BPWN (bangladesh police women network) cÖwZôv Kiv nq 2008 mv‡j|
 RvZxq gvbevwaKvi Kwgkb MwVZ nq 1 ‡m‡Þ¤î, 2008 mv‡j|
 evsjv‡`k Z_¨ Kwgkb Kvh©Ki nq 1 RyjvB, 2009 mv‡j|
 PÆMÖv‡gi AvMÖvev‡` evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g I GKgvÎ ÔIqvì© †UªW †m›UviÕ Aew¯’Z|
 wb‡cvU© (NIPORT) GKwU RbmsL¨v welqK cÖwZôvb hv XvKvi AvwRgcy‡i Aew¯’Z|
 NAPE (National Academy for Primary Education) Aew¯’Z gqgbwms‡n|
 evsjv‡`k Z_v we‡k¦i me©e„nr GbwRI eª¨vK cÖwZwôZ nq 1972 mv‡j|
GKbR‡i eªvK e¨vsK
 we‡k¦i me©e„nr †emiKvwi ms¯’v|
~ 279 ~
 cÖwZôvZv: m¨vi dR‡j nvmvb Av‡e`|

 Rb¥: 27 GwcÖj, 1936|
 g„Zz¨: 20 wW‡m¤î, 2019|
 eªvK e¨vsK cÖwZôv K‡i: 1972 mv‡j|
 eªv‡Ki Kvh©cwiwa:
➢ 11wU †`k
➢ 120 wgwjqb gvbyl
➢ evsjv‡`‡ki 147wU _vbv
 g~j jÿ¨:
➢ Rb¯^v¯’¨
➢ K…wl
➢ wkÿv
➢ FY weZiY
➢ gwnjv ¯^v¯’¨ I Dbœqb Kvh©µg
 dR‡j nvmvb Av‡e` Gi cyi®‹vi I m¤§vbbv:
➢ 1980 mv‡j i¨vgb g¨vMmvBmvB cyi®‹vi|
➢ 2010 mv‡j hy³iv‡Rï Ab¨Zg bvBUûW Dcvwa|
➢ 2011 mv‡j IqvBR cÖvBR Ae GWz‡Kkb|
➢ 2014 mv‡j wjI Uj÷q B›Uvib¨vkbvj †Mvì †g‡Wj|
➢ 2015 mv‡j wek¦ Lv`¨ Kg©m~wP cyi®‹vi AR©b|
➢ me©‡kl wm½vcyi b¨vkbvj BDwbfvwm©wU †_‡K `wÿY Gwkqvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨w³ wn‡m‡e mvD_ Gwkqvb
Wvqvm‡cviv A¨vIqvW©, wkÿvq f~wgKv ivLvi Rb¨ BqvWvb cyi®‹v‡ii Rb¨ g‡bvbxZ nb m¨vi dR‡j
nvmvb Av‡e`|
➢ ÔA¨vKkb evsjv‡`kÕ I Ô‡ní evsjv‡`kÕ gyw³hy‡×i mnvqZvi Rb¨ M‡o †Zvjv dR‡j nvmvb Av‡e‡ì
`ywU msMVb|
 eªvK e¨vs‡Ki cÖvß cyi®‹vi:
➢ 1985 mv‡j BD‡b‡¯‹vi †bvgv cyi®‹vi|
➢ 1990 mv‡j Iqvì nv½vi cyi®‹vi|
➢ 1992 mv‡j BDwb‡m‡di gwim †cU A¨vIqvW©|
➢ 2007 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki m‡e©v”P ivóªxq m¤§vb ¯^vaxbZv cyi®‹vi|
¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯’vcbv
†K›`ªxq knx` wgbvi †gv‡ì Mie knx` wgbvi

 ¯’cwZ: nvwg`yi ingvb  ¯’cwZ: AwLj cvj
 ¯’vb: XvKv †gwW‡Kj K‡jR cÖv½Y  ¯’vb: evsjv GKv‡Wwg PZ¡i.
~ 280 ~
gywRebMi ¯§…wZ‡mŠa  g~j fe‡bi D”PZv: 117 dzU

 ¯’cwZ: Zvbfxi Kwig RvZxq ¯§„wZ‡mŠa
knx` eyw×Rxex ¯§…wZ‡mŠa  Aci bvg: mw¤§wjZ cÖqvm
 ¯’cwZ: †gv¯Ídv nviæb KyÏym wnwj  ¯’cwZ: ˆmq` gvBbyj †nv‡mb
RvMÖZ †PŠi½x  D”PZv: 150 dzU (46.5 wgUvi)
 gyw³hy‡×i †cÖiYvq wbwg©Z cÖ_g fv¯‹h©  GjvKvwUi †ÿÎdj: 109 GKi
 ¯’cwZ: Avãyi iv¾vK  ¯§„wZ‡mŠ‡ai 7 †Rvov †`qvj evsjv‡`‡ki 7wU
Aciv‡Rq evsjv avivevwnK ch©vq‡K wb‡`©k K‡i:
 ¯’cwZ: ‰mq` Avãyjøvn Lv‡j`. ➢ 1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb|
†¯^vcvwR©Z ¯^vaxbZv ➢ 1954 mv‡ji hy³d«›U wbe©vPb|
 ¯’cwZ: Aa¨vcK kvgxg wkK`vi ➢ 1956 mv‡ji kvmbZš¿ Av‡›`vjb|
mskßK ➢ 1962 mv‡ji wkÿv Av‡›`vjb|
 ¯’cwZ: nvwg`y¾vgvb Lvb ➢ 1966 mv‡ji 6 `dv|
weRq †KZb ➢ 1969 mv‡ji Mb-Afy¨Ìvb|
 XvKv †mbvwbev‡m Aew¯’Z gyw³hy× Rv`yNi ➢ 1971 mv‡ji gnvb gyw³hy×|
gy³ evsjv †eªv‡Äi ‰Zwi e½eÜyi me©e„nr Ave¶ fv¯‹h©
 ¯’cwZ: iwk` Avn‡g`  ¯’cwZ: my`xß gwjøK myB‡Wb
 ¯’vb: Bmjvgx BDwbfvwm©wU.  ¯’vb: evsjv‡`k †bfvj GKv‡Wwg
†PZbv 71  D”PZv: 41 dyU
 ¯’cwZ: †gvnv¤§` BDbym  D‡Øvab Kiv nq: 21 gvP© 2018.
 ¯’vb: Kywóqv cywjk jvBb ‡`‡ki cÖ_g cZvKv fv¯‹h©
`yRq©  ¯’cwZ: iæcg iq Ges Bgivb †nv‡mb
 ¯’cwZ: g…Yvj nK.  ¯’vb: gywÝMÄ
 ¯’vb: ivRvievM cywjk jvBb, XvKv ¯^vaxbZv Rv`yNi
A½xKvi  wbg©v‡Y mvnvh¨ K‡ib: Rbve †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g`
 ¯’cwZ: ‰mq` Avãyjøvn Lvwj`  ¯’vb: †fvjv
 ¯’vb: Pvu`cyi ¯^vaxbZv ¯Í¤¢
RvZxq msm` feb  ¯’cwZ: Kv‡kg gvngy` †PŠayix Ges †mwibv
 wbg©vb KvR ïiæ K‡ib: AvBqye Lvb, 1962 Zvevmyg
mv‡j|  ¯’vb: †mvnivIqvw`© D`¨vb, XvKv
 D‡Øvab K‡ib: Avãyi mvËvi, 1982 mv‡j evsjvi AvB‡dj UvIqvi
 ¯’cwZ: jyB AvB Kvb  Aci bvg: Jacob Tower
 ¯’vb: XvKvi †k‡i evsjv bMi  ¯’cwZ: Kvgiæ¾vgvb wjUb
 GjvKvi AvqZb: 215 GKi  ¯’vb: Pid¨vkb, †fvjv
 ‡gvU Zjv: 9 †÷Bb‡jm w÷j w`‡q ‰Zwi Kiv e½eÜyi Ave¶
fv¯‹h©
~ 281 ~
 Ab¨ bvg: †kKo †_‡K wkL‡i ‡g‡Uªv‡ij

 ¯’cwZ : wecøe `Ë  cÖK‡íi bvg nj XvKv gvm UªvbwRU †Kv¤úvwb|
 ¯’vb: cvebv  †g‡Uªv‡i‡ji †¯øvMvb: evuP‡e mgq evuP‡e †Zj,
†`‡ki cÖ_g †KviAvb fv¯‹h© `vg Kgv‡e †g‡Uªv‡ij|
 ¯’cwZ: Kvgiæj nvmvb wkcb  ‰`N¨©: 20.1 wK‡jvwgUvi|
 ¯’vb: Kmev, eªvþYevwoqv  me©‡gvU †÷kb: 16 wU|
MÖxK †èx †_wg‡mi fv¯‹h©  mgq: DËiv †_‡K gwZwSj 37 wgwbU|
 ¯’cwZ: g„Yvj nK KY©dyjx Uv‡bj
 ¯’vb: mywcÖg †KvU© cÖv½Y  Aci bvg: Two Towns-one City
wkLv A¤øvb fv¯‹h©  mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q: Pxb
 ¯’cwZ: ZvbwRg nvmvb Ges bvwn` dviRvbv  ‰`N¨©: 3.4 wK‡jvwgUvi
 ¯’vb: bewbwg©Z gyw³hy× Rv`yNi cÖv½‡Y  MfxiZv: 150 dyU
cÙv †mZy  Pvjy n‡e: 2022 mv‡j
 cÙv †mZy Gwkqvi wØZxq e„nËg †mZy| BSTI fe‡b e½eÜzi gyïvj:
 cÙv †mZy we‡k¦i 25 Zg e„nËg †mZy|  ‡ZRMuvI‡q evsjv‡`k ÷¨vÛvW© A¨vÛ †Uw÷s
 ‰`N¨©: 6.15 wK‡jvwgUvi| Bbw÷wUDkb (BSTI) fe‡bi mvg‡b e½eÜz
 me©†gvU wcjvi: 42 wU| †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi gyïvj D‡b¥vPb Kiv
 me©†gvU ¯ú¨vb: 41 wU | nq|
 cÖ_g ¯ú¨vb emv‡bv nq: 37 Ges 38 wcjv‡ii  12 b‡f¤î, 2019 G gywReel© Dcj‡ÿ¨ GwU
Dci| D‡b¥vPb Kiv nq|
 ms‡hvM Ki‡e: 21 wU †Rjv|  gyïvjwU wbg©vY K‡ib wkíx gvwbK wek¦vm|
 cÙv †mZy wbg©vYKvix cÖwZôvb nj Pvqbv gyw³hy×wfwËK exi:
†ijI‡q †gRi weªR BwÄwbqvwis Kb÷ªvKkb|  XvKvi wbKzÄ †M‡Ui Kv‡Q wbwg©Z gyw³hy×wfwËi
 cÙv †mZyi b`x kvm‡bi KvR Ki‡Q fv¯‹‡h©i bvg ÔexiÕ|
Sinhydra Corporation Limited.  Gi D”PZv 53 dzU, ˆ`N©¨ 40 dzU, cÖ¯’ 62 dzU|
 cÙv †mZyi A_©vq‡b Wjvi †hvMvb w`‡e AMÖYx  fv¯‹hw© Ui bKkvKvi XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
e¨vsK| PviæKjv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui nv¾vR Kvqmvi|
c`K I cyi¯‹vi
 ¯^vaxbZv cyi¯‹vi n‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki m‡e©v”P ivóªxq cyi¯‹vi|

 ¯^vaxbZv cyi¯‹vi †Ìqv ïiæ nq 1977 mvj †_‡K|
 GKy‡k c`K †Ìqv ïiæ nq 1976 mvj †_‡K|
 2018 mv‡j ¯^vaxbZv cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib 18 Rb|
 GKy‡k c`K 2019 mv‡j jvf K‡ib 21 Rb|
~ 282 ~
 gyw³hy‡×i Rb¨ GKy‡k c`K 2019 jvf K‡ib K…wZm P›`ª ‰ek¨|
 fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi Rb¨ gi‡YvËi GKy‡k c`K 2019 jvf K‡i‡Qb Aa¨vcK nvwjgv LvZyb|
 msMx‡Zi Rb¨ gi‡YvËi GKy‡k c`K 2019 jvf K‡i‡Qb AvRg Lvb|
 KweZvi Rb¨ evsjv GKv‡Wwg mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹vi 2018 cvb KvRx †ivRx|
 2017 mv‡j kvwšÍ‡Z †bv‡ej jvfKvix cigvYy A¯¿ we‡ivax †RvU ICAN G evsjv‡`k Gi msMVb Av‡Q
`yBwU|
 2018 mv‡j Awfb‡q GKy‡k c`K cvb ûgvqyb dwi`x|
 m¤cÖwZ evsjv‡`‡ki m¨vi dR‡j nvmvb Av‡e` BZvwj weL¨vZ Laude Sea cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib|
 gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv wj½ mgZv Avbq‡b RvwZmsN cyi¯‹vi †c‡q‡Qb|
 2018 mv‡j †NvwlZ †miv Pjw”PÎ wefv‡M RvZxq cyi¯‹vi 2016 jvf K‡i AÁvZbvgv|
 2019 mv‡j cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv Kwe Rmxg DÏxb mvwnZ¨ c`K †c‡jb Kwe wbg©‡j›`y ¸Y|
 Rvcv‡bi m‡e©v”P †emvgwiK m¤§vbbv jvf K‡ib RvZxq Aa¨¶ Wt Rvwgjyi †iRv †PŠayix|
 m¤cÖwZ Òthe Prizes 2018, The International Best Poets, Translators And CriticsÓ
cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi eZ©gvb †cÖv fvBm †Pqvig¨vb Kwe gynv¤§` mvgv`|
 2019 mv‡j cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv cÖewZ©Z nIqv gi‡YvËi gv`vi †Z‡imv iZœ m¤§vbbv cv‡”Qb e½eÜy †kL
gywReyi ingvb|
 mvsevw`KZvq we‡k¦i me‡P‡q gh©v`vi cÖZxK cywjrRvi cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡i‡Qb mvsevw`K †gvnv¤§` cwbi
†nv‡mb|
 hy³ivóª KZ©…K cÖ`vbK…Z ÒEmarging Young Leaders Award-2018Ó jvf K‡i‡Qb evsjv‡`‡ki
ZiæYx ZvbwRj †di‡`Šm|
 eZ©gvb miKv‡ii a2i cÖK‡íi gy³c_ Gi Rb¨ AvBwmwU †¶‡Î we‡k¦i me‡P‡q m¤§vbRbK cyi¯‹vi
ÒWSIS-2018Ó jvf K‡i evsjv‡`k|
 KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq KZ©…K †NvwlZ RMËvwiYx c`K 2018 jvf K‡ib Aa¨vcK Avwbmy¾vgvb|
 †ivwn½v‡ì gvbevwaKvi mnvqZvq Ae`vb ivLvi Rb¨ weªwUk ivbx KZ©…K ÒPoint Of LightÓ Dcvwa
jvf K‡ib evsjv‡`‡ki kviwgb myjZvbv|
 wPwKrmv †¶‡Î Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ ÒThe Future NFS AwardÓ jvf K‡ib Wv³vi kwd Avn‡g`|
 cÖ_g evsjv‡`wk wn‡m‡e 59 Zg MwYZ Awjw¤úqv‡W ¯^Y©c`K jvf K‡ib Avn‡g` RvIqv` †PŠayix|
 RvZxq cwi‡ek c`K 2018 jvf K‡i Kywóqv †cŠimfv|
 GmwWwR 2017 cv‡qvwbqvi cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib evsjv‡`‡ki †mvwbqv ewki Kwei|
 iex›`ª c`K 2018 jvf K‡ib iex›`ª M‡elK Avãyj †gv‡gb Ges iex›`ª msMxZ wkíx dvwng †nv‡mb
†PŠayix|
 26 †g 2018 mv‡j fvi‡Zi KvRx bRiæj wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv‡K wW-wjU Dcvwa
†Ìqv nq|
 cvuPwU †¶‡Î we‡kl Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ 2019 mvj †_‡K cÖwZeQi 2 Rvbyqvwi cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e gv`vi Ad
wnDg¨vwbwU mgvRKj¨vY c`K|
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 2019 ¯^vaxbZv cyi®‹vi jvf K‡ib 13 Rb|

 M‡elYv I cÖwkÿ‡b 2019 mv‡j ¯^vaxbZv cyiv®‹vi jvf K‡ib Aa¨vcK nvwmbv Lvb|
 weÁvb I cÖhyw³‡Z 2019 mv‡j ¯^vaxbZv cyi®‹vi jvf K‡i evsjv‡`k cigvby-K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU|
 mvwn‡Z¨ 2019 mv‡j ¯^vaxbZv cyi®‹vi jvf K‡ib nvmvb AvwRRyj nK|
 mgvR‡mevq 2019 mv‡j ¯^vaxbZv cyi®‹vi jvf K‡ib W±i KvRx LvwjKz¾vgvb Avng`|
 ¯^vaxbZv I gyw³hy‡× Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ 7Rb ¯^vaxbZv cyi®‹vi 2019 jvf K‡ib|
 2019 mv‡ji ÔdRjyj nK ¯§„wZ cyi¯‹viÕ jvf K‡ib Awf‡bÎx †Kvwnb~i Av³vi myP›`v Ges Pjw”PÎ
mvsevw`K ivwd †nv‡mb|
 fvi‡Zi MvwÜ kvwšÍ cÖwZôvb cÖewZ©Z ÔMvwÜ ¯§viK kvwšÍ cyi¯‹viÕ jvf K‡ib evsjv‡`‡ki wewkó mvs¯‹…wZK
e¨w³Z¡, gÂbvU‡Ki cw_K…r iv‡g›`ª gRyg`vi|
 2019 mv‡ji mvK© wjUv‡iPvi A¨vIqvW© jvf K‡ib evsjv‡`‡ki L¨vZbvgv Kwe gyn¤§` byiæj û`v|
 2019 mv‡ji Rvcv‡bi †miv ZiæY weÁvbx wbe©vwPZ nb evsjv‡`‡ki Wv. Avwid †nv‡mb|
 ÿz`ªFY I mvgvwRK eëmvi gva¨‡g wek¦e¨vcx bvix‡ì ÿgZvqb I `vwi`ª¨ `~ixKi‡Y Ae`v‡bi Rb¨
2019 mv‡ji Global Women’s Leadership Award’ jvf K‡ib W. gynv¤§` BDb~m|
‡Ljvayjv
wµ‡KU
 evsjv‡`k wµ‡KU `j GKw`‡b AvšÍR©vwZK ÷¨vUvm cvq 15 Ryb 1997 mv‡j|

 evsjv‡`k wµ‡KU Uxg †U÷ ÷¨vUvm cvq 26 Ryb 2000 mv‡j|
 evsjv‡`k wµ‡KU `j AvBwmwm Gi m`m¨c` jvf K‡i 1977 mv‡j|
 evsjv‡`k wµ‡KU `j cÖ_g 1999 mv‡j mßg wek¦Kv‡c AskMÖnY K‡i|
 IwWAvB, †U÷, wU-‡Uv‡qw›U GB wZb dig¨v‡U GKgvÎ †mÂywi Kiv evsjv‡`kx †L‡jvqvo n‡jb Zvwgg
BKevj|
 we‡k¦i PZy_© ejvi wn‡m‡e bqwU †U÷ †cøwqs wU‡gi mv‡_ 5 wU K‡i DB‡KU cvIqv GKgvÎ evsjv‡`kx
n‡jb mvwKe Avj nvmvb|
 we‡k¦i †U‡÷ Kg eq‡m Awf‡lK g¨v‡P 5 DB‡KU †bIqv GKgvÎ ‡evjvi evsjv‡`‡ki bvCg nvmvb|
 ‡U÷ wµ‡K‡U we‡k¦i me©Kwbô †mÂywiqvb evsjv‡`‡ki †gvnv¤§` Avkivdyj|
 wek¦ wµ‡KU BwZnv‡m cÖ_g e¨w³ wn‡m‡e GKw`‡bi AvšÍR©vwZK g¨vP Ges †U‡÷ Awf‡lK g¨v‡P g¨vb
Ae `¨v g¨vP wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb evsjv‡`‡ki gy¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g e¨vUmg¨vb wn‡m‡e GK †U‡÷i `yB Bwbs‡m †mÂywi Kiv GKgvÎ evsjv‡`kx n‡jb
gwgbyj nK|
 wbDwRj¨v‡Ûi bvix wµ‡KU `‡ji bvg ÔWhite Fren’|
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 we‡k¦i cÖ_g DB‡KU wKcvi e¨vUmg¨vb wn‡m‡e Wvej †mÂywi K‡ib gykwdKyi iwng|
 PZy_© †`k wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k 100 Zg †U÷ g¨vP Rq jvf K‡i kÖxjsKvi weiæ‡×|
 evsjv‡`k GKw`‡bi AvšÍRv© wZK wµ‡K‡U 100Zg Rq cvq AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi weiæ‡×|
 evsjv‡`‡ki wµ‡KUvi gvkivwd web †gvZ©yRv‡K †miv ev½vjx cyi®‹vi †`q- Avb›` evRvi cwÎKv|
 Avqvij¨vÛ Ges AvdMvwb¯Ívb‡K 22 Ryb 2017 AvBwmwm 11 Zg Ges 12 Zg †U÷ †cøwqs †`k wn‡m‡e
†NvlYv K‡i‡Q|
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`k wµ‡KU wU‡gi cÖavb †KvP Gi bvg iv‡mj †Wvwg½|
 †U÷ ÷¨vUvm cÖvß 12 wU †`k‡K wb‡q m¤cÖwZ AvBwmwm KZ©…K †NvwlZ †U÷ wjM †Ljv n‡e 9 wU kxl©
†U÷ †cøwqs †`‡ki g‡a¨, hvi dvBbvj †Ljv n‡e 2020 mv‡j|
 cÖ_g †U÷ P¨vw¤úqbkx‡ci cÖ_g †Ljv nq A‡óªwjqv ebvg Bsj¨v‡Ûi g‡a¨|
 2019 mv‡ji wewewmi el©‡miv µxqvwe`- †eb †÷vKm (Bsj¨vÛ)|
 GgwmwmÕi Ôw¯úwiU Ae wµ‡KU 2019Õ cyi®‹vi wR‡Z‡Q wbDwRj¨vÛ wµ‡KU `j|
 hy³ivóª wfwËK ÔFox Sports’ Gi `k©K‡miv †U÷ GKv`‡k evsjv‡`‡ki wµ‡KUvi gykwdKzi iwng
(DB‡KUwKcvi e¨vUmg¨vb) ¯’vb †c‡q‡Qb|
 †U÷ P¨vw¤úqbkx‡ci cÖ_g g¨vP evsjv‡`k †L‡j fvi‡Zi wec‡ÿ|
 evsjv‡`k cÖ_g wcsK e‡ji †U÷ †L‡j fvi‡Zi wec‡ÿ|
 wcsK †U‡÷ cÖ_g nvd †mÂzix K‡i gykwdKzi iwng|
 evsjv‡`‡ki 7g wewcGj Gi bvg n‡jv e½eÜz wewcGj|
 evsjv‡`k bvix wµ‡KU wUg GKw`‡bi AvšÍRv© wZK ÷¨vUvm cvq 2011 mv‡j|
 evsjv‡`k bvix wµ‡KU wUg GKw`‡b AvšÍR©vwZK ÷¨vUvm cvq 2011 mv‡j|
 evsjv‡`k bvix wµ‡KU wUg cÖ_g wek¦Kvc †L‡j 2017 mv‡j|
 mßg wU 20 bvix Gwkqv Kv‡ci P¨vw¤úqb nq evsjv‡`k bvix wµ‡KU wUg|
 14 Zg wµ‡KU Gwkqv Kvc 2018 †Z ivbvm© Avc nq evsjv‡`k wµ‡KU wUg|
 Gwkqv Kvc 2018 dvBbvj g¨v‡P †mÂywi Kiv evsjv‡`k Gi e¨vUmg¨v‡bi bvg wjUb `vm|
 wU-‡Uv‡qw›U wµ‡K‡U me‡P‡q Kg 35 e‡j †mÂywi Kiv e¨vUmg¨vb n‡jb h_vµ‡g †WwfW wgjvi Ges
†ivwnZ kg©v|
 AvšÍR©vwZK wU-‡Uv‡qw›U wµ‡K‡U me‡P‡q †ewk e¨w³MZfv‡e wZbwU K‡i †mÂywi Kiv e¨vUmg¨vb n‡jb
h_vµ‡g †ivwnZ kg©v Ges Kwjb gyb‡iv|
 bvBUûW Dcvwa †c‡jb `yB wµ‡KU wKse`šÍx K¬vBf j‡qW I MW©b wMÖwbR|
 evsjv‡`‡ki Aóg Ges we‡k¦i 116 Zg AvšÍR©vwZK wµ‡KU †÷wWqvg nj wm‡jU AvšÍR©vwZK wµ‡KU
†÷wWqvg|
 †bŠKvi Av`‡j bZyb K‡i wek¦gv‡bi wµ‡KU †÷wWqvg wbg©vY KvR Pj‡Q XvKvi c~e©vP‡j hvi bvg n‡e
ÒThe boat: Sheikh Hasina StadiumÓ|
 we‡k¦ cÖ_g †U÷ `j wn‡m‡e GK nvRvi Zg †U÷ g¨vP †L‡j Bsj¨vÛ|
 wµ‡KU †Ljvq GKwU e¨vUmg¨vb bq fv‡e AvDU n‡Z cv‡ib|
~ 285 ~
 we‡k¦i cÖ_g e¨vUmg¨vb wn‡m‡e wU-‡Uv‡qw›U wµ‡K‡U 10 nvRvi ivb K‡ib wµm †MBj|
 wU-‡Uv‡qw›U wµ‡K‡U Kg mg‡q 50 DB‡KU jvf Kiv GKgvÎ †evjvi AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi iwk` Lvb|
 eZ©gv‡b wU-‡Uv‡qw›U gh©v`v cÖvß †`k 104 wU|
 m¤cÖwZ AvBwmwm m¤§vb m~PK ivbI‡q wjWvi cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib evsjv‡`‡ki mvwKe Avj nvmvb|
 2017 mv‡ji wR¤^vey‡q Ges mvD_ Avwd«Kvi g‡a¨ wµ‡KU BwZnv‡m cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv Pviw`‡bi †U÷
g¨vP AbywôZ nq|
 Gwkqvb wµ‡KU KvDwÝ‡ji eZ©gvb mfvcwZ evsjv‡`‡ki bvRgyj nvmvb cvcb|
 cÖ_g †kÖYxi wµ‡K‡U 10,000 ivb Kiv GKgvÎ evsjv‡`kx e¨vUmg¨vb Zylvi Bgivb|
 cÖ_g †kÖYxi wµ‡K‡U 500 DB‡KU cvIqv GKgvÎ evsjv‡`wk †evjvi Avãyi iv¾vK|
wµ‡KU wek¦Kvc-2019
 P¨vw¤úqb `j: Bsj¨vÛ|

 ivbvi Avc: wbDwRj¨vÛ|
 g¨vb Ae `¨ dvBbvj: †eb †÷vKm& (Ben Stokes)|
 Uzb©v‡g›U †miv nq: †Kb DBwjqvgmb|
 m‡e©v”P `jxq msMÖn: Bsj¨vÛ 397/6|
 m‡e©v”P e¨w³MZ ivb: †ivwnZ kg©v, fviZ- 648 ivb|
 m‡e©v”P e¨w³MZ DB‡KU: wg‡Pj ÷vK© (A‡óªwjqv)- 27 DB‡KU|
 evsjv‡`‡ki mvwKe Avj nvmvb K‡ib 603 ivb Ges D‡KU ‡bb 11wU|
 evsjv‡`k Rqjvf K‡i 3wU g¨vP|
‡L‡jvqvi‡ì AvZ¥Rxebx
†L‡jvqv‡oi bvg AvZ¥Rxebx

mwPb †UÛzjKvi Playing It My Way
‡mŠif Mv½ywj A Century is Not Enough
Kwcj †è Straight from the Heart
D‡mBb †evì Faster than Lighting
wµm †MBj Six Machine
w`‡qv‡Mv gviv‡`vbv I am Maradona
GWvg wMjwµ÷ Walking to the Victory
mybxj Mvfv¯‹vi Sunny days
G.we.wW. wfwjqvm© AB: The Autobiography
~ 286 ~
dzUej
 2018 mv‡ji 21 Zg dyUej wek¦Kv‡ci †miv D`xqgvb †L‡jvqvo wbe©vwPZ nb d«v‡Ýi wKwjqvb Ggev‡à|
 2018 mv‡ji 21 Zg dyUej wek¦Kv‡ci †Mv‡ìb eyU †c‡q‡Qb Bsj¨v‡Ûi n¨vwi †KBb|
 2018 mv‡ji 21 Zg dyUej wek¦Kv‡ci †miv †cøqvi wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Qb †µv‡qwkqvi jyKv gw`ªP|
 BwRcwkqvb wKs bv‡g cwiwPZ dyUej †cøqvi n‡jb †gvnv¤§` mvjvn|
 m¤úªwZ lôev‡ii g‡Zv dzUej cyi¯‹vi ‡e‡jvbwW-Avi wRZ‡jb wjI‡bj †gwm|
 2019 mv‡j Ô‡mf `¨ wPj‡WªbÕ Zv‡ì ï‡f”Qv `~Z wn‡m‡e g‡bvbxZ K‡i‡Q evsjv‡`k bvix dzUej `‡ji
AwabvqK mvwebv LvZzb‡K|
mvD_ Gwkqvb †Mgm- 2019
 13 Zg Avmi|
 ¯’b: †bcvj, KvVgyÛz|
 mgq: 1 wW‡m¤î †_‡K 10 wW‡m¤î|
 AskMÖnYKvix †`k: 7wU|
 evsjv‡`‡k ‡gvU 3 evi Gm. G. ‡Mgm nq (1985, 1993, 2010)|
 G Avm‡i evsjv‡`k ¯^Y© cvq: 19wU|
 evsjv‡`k me©‡gvU c`K cvq 142wU|
 Avm‡i m‡e©v”P c`K cvq fviZ: 300wU|
 Avm‡i evsjv‡`k 7wU †`‡ki g‡a¨ 5g|
 G Avm‡ii `ªæZZg gvbe: mvB` nvmvb (gvjØxc)|
 G Avm‡ii `ªæZZg gvbex: AP©bv mywk›ìb (fviZ)|
 2019 mv‡j wek¦ AvP©vwi P¨vw¤úqbwk‡c cÖ_g evsjv‡`wk wn‡m‡e †Kv‡bv c`K Rqjvf K‡ib †ivgvb
mvbv|
 D‡jøL¨ G Avm‡i esjv‡`k AvP©vwi‡Z 10 B‡f‡›Ui 10wU‡ZB ¯^Y©c`K jvf K‡i|
‡Ljvayjvi AvMvgevZ©v
 2020 mv‡j 13 Zg mvd dyUej AbywôZ n‡e cvwK¯Ív‡b|

 32 Zg Awjw¤úK n‡e 2020 mv‡j Rvcv‡bi †UvwKI‡Z|
 33 Zg Awjw¤úK n‡e 2024 mv‡j d«v‡Ýi c¨vwi‡m|
 34 Zg Awjw¤úK n‡e 2028 mv‡j jm G‡Äjm, hy³iv‡óª|
 23 Zg wek¦Kvc dyUej n‡e 2026 mv‡j hy³ivóª, KvbvWv Ges †gw·‡Kv‡Z|
~ 287 ~
 22 Zg KgbI‡qj_ †Mgm AbywôZ n‡e evwg©snvg, hy³iv‡R¨ 2022 mv‡j|

 22 Zg wek¦Kvc dzUej AbywôZ n‡e KvZv‡i 2022 mv‡j|
 13 Zg wek¦Kvc wµ‡KU AbywôZ n‡e fvi‡Z 2023 mv‡j|
 7g wU-20 wek¦Kvc AbywôZ n‡e A‡÷ªwjqv‡Z 2020 mv‡j|
 9g AvBwmwm P¨vw¤úqvb Uªwd AbywôZ n‡e fvi‡Z 2021 mv‡j|
‡Ljvayjv wb‡q Av‡iv wKQz Z_¨
 21 Zg KgbI‡qj_ Avm‡i evsjv‡`‡ki n‡q cÖ_g c`K jvf K‡ib Avãyjøvn †nj evwK|
 2018 mv‡ji 21 Zg KgbI‡qj_ †Mgm Gi †¯øvMvb wQj ÒShare The DreamÓ.
 2018 mv‡ji 18 Zg Gwkqvb †Mg‡mi gvmKU wQj web web|
 2018 mv‡ji 18 Zg Gwkqvb †Mgm Gi bxwZevK¨ wQj: Energy Of Asia|
Pjw”PÎ
 BFDC cÖwZwôZ nq 1958 mv‡j|

 Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖ_g wbe©vK Pjw”PÎ Avwj evev I Pwjøk †Pvi|
 Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖ_g mevK Pjw”PÎ RvgvB lôx|
 evsjv‡`‡ki Pjw”P‡Îi RbK Avãyj ReŸvi Lvb|
 wZwb cÖ_g mevK Pjw”PÎ ÔgyL I gy‡LvkÕ Gi cwiPvjK|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g iwOb Pjw”PÎ m½g|
 ÒLuvPvÓ Pjw”P‡Îi welqe¯‘ wQj Ò‡`kfvMÓ|
 ÒAkwb ms‡KZÓ Qwei g~j †cÖÿvcU wQj evsjvi wQqvË‡ii gš^šÍi|
 Òks•LwPjÓ GKwU Pjw”P‡Îi bvg|
 Òb`xi bvg gaygwZÓ Pjw”P‡Îi cwiPvjK n‡jb Zvbfxi †gvKv‡¤§j|
 bvwmi DwÏb BDmyd cwiPvwjZ Pjw”PÎ- GKvË‡ii hxï, †Mwijv|
 cÙv b`xi gvwS I g‡bi gvbyl Pjw”P‡Îi cwiPvjK †MŠZg †Nvl|
 ÒAvevi †Zviv gvbyl nÓ Pjw”P‡Îi cwiPvjK n‡jb Lvb AvZvDi ingvb|
 gyw³hy× wfwËK Pjw”PÎ ÒAbxj evMPxi GKw`bÓ cwiPvjbv K‡ib †gvi‡k`yj Bmjvg|
 ÒivRew›ì †ivRbvgPvÓ †j‡Lb knx`yjøvn Kvqmvi|
 evsjv wm‡bgv‡Z cÖ_g gymwjg Awf‡bÎx ebvbx †PŠayix|
 XvKvq wbwg©Z cÖ_g evsjv QvqvQwe gyL Ges gy‡Lvk|
 RvZxq Pjw”PÎ cyi¯‹vi 2016 †Z †kÖô Pjw”PÎ wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Q †ZŠwKi Avn‡g‡ì cwiPvjbvq
ÔAÁvZbvgvÕ|
~ 288 ~
 m¤cÖwZ wewewmi Rwi‡c †miv 100 Pjw”P‡Îi gv‡S evsjv‡`‡ki mZ¨wRr iv‡qi Ôc‡_i cvuPvjxÕ 15 Zg
¯’vb jvf K‡i|
 Hasina: A Daughters Tale Gi cwiPvjK n‡jb †iRvDi ingvb Lvb wccjy|
 hy×wkï Ges exiv½bv‡ì wb‡q Lv‡j` gvngy` Z~h© cwiPvjbvq wbwg©Z Pjw”P‡Îi bvg n‡jv ÔP‡jv hvBÕ|
 e½eÜy Gi mcwiev‡i nZ¨vKvÛ‡K wb‡q knx` ingv‡bi gnvgvb‡ei †`‡k Aej¤^‡b Pjw”PÎ ÔZLb
cuPvËiÕ wbg©vY K‡ib Avey nvqvZ gvngy`|
 2019 mv‡ji A¯‹vi Gi we‡`wk fvlvi Qwe wefv‡M evsjv‡`k †_‡K g‡bvbqb cvIqv Pjw”P‡Îi bvg nj
†gv¯Ídv miqvi dviæKxi cwiPvwjZ ÒWyeÓ|
 Rwni ivqnvb cwiPvwjZ cÖ_g Qwe ÔKL‡bv Av‡mwbÕ|
 A¯‹v‡ii Rb¨ g‡bvbxZ cÖ_g Qwe ÔgvwUi gqbvÕ (Zv‡iK gvmy`)|
 mZ¨wRr ivq A¯‹vi cyi¯‹vi cvb Ôc‡_i cu¨vPvjxÕ Gi Rb¨|
 ÔRxeb †_‡K †bqv Pjw”P‡Îi cwiPvjK Rwni ivqnvb|
 ‡NUzcyÎ Kgjv, k¨vgj Qvqv, Av¸‡bi cikgwY- Pjw”PÎ¸‡jvi cwiPvjK ûgvq~b Avn‡g`|
 Ôm~h© msMÖvgÕ Pjw”P‡Îi cwiPvjK Lvb AvZvDi ingvb|
 evsjv fvlvq wbwg©Z cÖ_g w_ªwW Pjw”P‡Îi bvg ÔAvjvZPµÕ|
MYgva¨g
 GKwU RvwZi †dv_© †÷U ejv nq MYgva¨g‡K|

 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g msev`cÎ †e½j †M‡RU|
 evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq msev` ms¯’v nj evmm|
 XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ cÖ_g msev`cÎ ÒXvKv cÖKvkÓ|
 evsjv‡`k †Uwjwfkb hvÎv ïiæ K‡i 1964 mvj †_‡K|
 evsjv‡`‡ki iwOb †Uwjwfkb hvÎv ïiæ K‡i 1980 mvj †_‡K|
 wUwf P¨v‡bj wewUwf Iqvì© hvÎv ïiæ K‡i 2004 mvj †_‡K|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g m¨v‡UjvBU P¨v‡bj GwUGb|
 †`‡k eZ©gv‡b ‰`wbK cwÎKvi msL¨v 3112 wU|
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki ‡emiKvwi wUwf P¨v‡bj 44 wU|
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k miKvwi wUwf P¨v‡bj 3wU|
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k GdGg †iwWI Av‡Q 28 wU|
 eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k KwgDwbwU †iwWI Av‡Q 32 wU|
 1 gvP© 2018 mv‡j AvbyôvwbKfv‡e m¤cÖPvi ïiæ K‡i †emiKvwi wUwf P¨v‡bj ÒbvMwiK wUwfÓ|
 11 gvP© 2018 mv‡j AvbyôvwbKfv‡e m¤cÖPvi ïiæ K‡i †emiKvwi wUwf P¨v‡bj ÒAvb›` wUwfÓ|
 ÔwUwf Uz‡WÕ bv‡g Av‡iKwU †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj cwiPvjbvi AbvcvwËcÎ w`‡q‡Q miKvi| Z_¨ gš¿Yvjq
evsjv‡`k eªWKvw÷s weR‡bm †bUIqvK© K¤úvwb‡K 14 †g, 2019 G AbygwZ †`q|
~ 289 ~
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g KwgDwbwU †iwWI n‡”Q †iwWI cÙv, hv hvÎv ïiæ K‡i 7 A‡±vei, 2011 mv‡j)|
 evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g B›Uvi‡bU wfwËK msev` ms¯’vi bvg ÔwewW wbDRÕ|
g‡Wj †U÷
1. 2018 mv‡ji KgbI‡qj_ †Mg‡m †¯øvMvb wK wQj?

K) Share The Dream M) Fight for Win
L) Share The Game N) Play for Win
2. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g cZvKv fv¯‹h© †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z?
K) XvKv L) Kzwgjøv M) iscyi N) gywÝMÄ
3. Hasina: A Daughter’s Tale ‡QvU M‡íi cwiPvjK ‡K?
K) Kvgiæj nvmvb L) †iRvDj Avjg M) †iRvDi ingvb N) †gvwdRyÏxb Avn‡g`
DËi cÎ
1 K 2 N 3 M
GKbR‡i mv¤úªwZK wKQz NUbvejx
 bZzb gwš¿mfvi kc_ MÖnY:

➢ 7 Rvbyqvwi, 2019 cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbvi †bZ…‡Z¡ kc_ MÖnY K‡i 47 m`m¨ wewkó bZzb gwš¿mfv
Ges PZz_©ev‡ii g‡Zv cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e kc_ †bb AvIqvgx jxM mfvcwZ †kL nvwmbv|
 ms¯‹v‡i evsjv el©cwÄ:
➢ evOvwj RvwZi BwZnv‡mi †MŠiegq w`b¸‡jv evsjv I †MÖMwiqvb el©cwÄ‡Z Awfbœ ZvwiL mgš^q
Ki‡Z evsjv el©cwÄ‡Z ms¯‹vi Avbv nq|
➢ bZzb evsjv el©cwÄ Abymv‡i êkvL, ˆR¨ô, Avlvp, kÖveY, fv`ª I Avwk¦b GB 6 gvm n‡e 31 w`‡b|
➢ KvwZ©K, AMÖnvqY, †cŠl, gvN I ‰PÎ GB 5 gvm n‡e 30 w`‡b|
➢ dvêyb gvm n‡e 29 w`‡b|
➢ ‡MÖMwiqvb el©cwÄ‡Z †h eQi Awael© (Leap Year) n‡e, ‡m eQi evsjvq dvêyb gvm 30 w`b MYbv
Kiv n‡e|
➢ Gi Av‡M 1952 I 1963 mv‡j evsjv el©cwÄ `yBevi ms¯‹vi Kiv nq|
 evsjv‡`k ey‡jfvW©:
➢ hy³iv‡óªi wbDRvwm© A½iv‡Rï c¨vUvimb kn‡i evsjv‡`kx Aay¨wlZ GjvKvi GKwU mo‡Ki bvgKiY
Kiv nq Ôevsjv‡`k ey‡jfvW©Õ|
➢ 22 Ryb, 2019 G bvgdjKwU AvbyôvwbKfv‡e D‡b¥vPb Kiv nq|
~ 290 ~
 fvmgvb †mŠi we`y¨r cøv›U:

➢ 2019 mv‡ji A‡±ve‡i ev‡Minv‡Ui †gvsjvq wbwg©Z †`‡ki cÖ_g fvmgvb †mŠi we`y¨r cøv›U †_‡K
cÖv_wgKfv‡e we`y¨r Drcv`b ïiæ K‡i|
 cÖ_g †emiKvwi LNG Uvwg©bvj:
➢ 2019 mv‡j Pvjy nq †`‡ki wØZxq Ges †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi cÖ_g ZijxK…Z cÖvK…wZK M¨vm (LNG)
Uvwg©bvj|
➢ K·evRv‡ii g‡nkLvjx‡Z mvwgU MÖæc fvmgvb Uvwg©bvj Floating Storage Regasification
Unit (FSRU) wbg©vY K‡i|
 ‡`‡ki cÖ_g †jvnvi Lwb:
➢ w`bvRcy‡ii nvwKgcyi Dc‡Rjv mì †_‡K 11 wK‡jvwgUvi c~‡e© Bmecyi MÖv‡g DbœZgv‡bi †jvnvi
AvKwiK (g¨vM‡bUvBU) Lwbi mÜvb cvq evsjv‡`k f~ZvwË¡K Rwic Awa`ßi (GSB)|
 cÖ_g eR©¨ we`y¨r cÖKí:
➢ ‡`‡ki cÖ_g eR©¨ we`y¨r cÖKí ¯’vwcZ n‡”Q Kzwóqv †cŠimfvq|
➢ cÖKíwU ev¯Íevqb Ki‡e A‡÷ªjxq I‡q÷ cvIqvi cø¨v›U wjwg‡UW|
 cÖ_g nvBweªW we`y¨r †K›`ª:
➢ bevqb‡hvM¨ R¡vjvwb‡Z we`y¨r Drcv`‡b †`‡ki cÖ_g nvBweªW cÖKí n‡”Q †dbxi †mvbvMvRx‡Z|
➢ 200 †gMvIqv‡Ui nvBweªW we`y¨r †K›`ªwU wbg©vY Ki‡e ivóªxq †Kv¤úvwb Electricity Generation
Company of Bangladesh Ltd (EGCB)|
 ‡`‡ki cÖ_g cvZvj †ij:
➢ ‡`‡ki cÖ_g cvZvj †ij n‡e wegvbe›ì †_‡K Kgjvcyi iæ‡U|
➢ G cvZvj †i‡ji ‰`N©¨ n‡e 19.87 wK‡jvwgUvi|
➢ G iæ‡U †gvU †÷kb msL¨v n‡e 12wU|
 evsjv‡`k wkwcs K‡c©v‡ik‡b (BSC) hy³ nIqv 6wU bZzb RvnvR:
Rvnv‡Ri bvg hy³ nq
Ggwf evsjvi RqhvÎv 27 RyjvB, 2018
Ggwf evsjvi mg„w× 2 †m‡Þ¤î, 2018
GgwU evsjvi AMÖhvÎv 12 b‡f¤î, 2018
Ggwf evsjvi AR©b 13 wW‡m¤î, 2018
Ggwf evsjvi AMÖ`~Z 30 wW‡m¤î, 2018
Ggwf evsjvi AMÖMwZ 20 †deªæqvwi, 2019
 evsjv‡`k wegv‡b 6 wWªgjvBb:
wegv‡bi bvg evsjv‡`‡k †cuŠ‡Q
AvKvkexYv 19 AvM÷, 2018
nsm ejvKv 1 wW‡m¤î, 2018
MvOwPj 25 RyjvB, 2019
ivRnsm 14 ‡m‡Þ¤î, 2019
~ 291 ~
†mvbviZix 21 wW‡m¤î, 2019

AwPb cvwL 22 wW‡m¤î, 2019
(‡bvU: eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki wegvb en‡i †gvU D‡ovRvnv‡Ri msL¨v 18wU|)
 ‡`‡ki e„nËg †mZz:
➢ ‡fvjvi ewikvjmn Ab¨ †Rjv¸‡jvi †hvMv‡hvM mnR Ki‡Z wbwg©Z n‡e †`‡ki `xN©Zg †mZz|
➢ Gi ˆ`N©¨ n‡e 8.64 wK‡jvwgUvi, hv cÙv ‡mZzi †P‡qI `xN©|
 we‡k¦i mßg e„nËg WvUv †m›Uvi:
➢ AvBwU WvUv myiÿv, wbivc` I wbf©i‡hvM¨ WvUv eënvi wbwðZ K‡i MvRxcyi †Rjvi Kvwjqv‰K‡i
†dvi Uvqvi RvZxq WvUv ‡m›UviwU cÖwZôv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
➢ GwU we‡k¦i 7g e„nËg WvUv †m›Uvi|
 ‡W½yi wm‡ivUvBc cÖhyw³ D™¢veb:
➢ ‡W½y R¡‡ii fvBiv‡mi wm‡ivUvBc i‡q‡Q 4wU: †Wb-1, †Wb-2, †Wb-3 I †Wb-4|
➢ G wm‡ivUvBç‡jv wbY©‡qi gwjKzjvi c×wZ (gvwë‡cø· AviwU-wcwmAvi) D™¢veb K‡ib evsjv‡`k
K…wl wek¦we`¨vj‡qi gvB‡µvev‡qvjwR A¨vÛ nvBwRb wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK W. †gv. Avwjgyj Bmjvg|
 f~wg ‡mev nUjvBb:
➢ 10 A‡±vei, 2019 G f~wg †mev nUjvBb 16122 D‡Øvab Kiv nq|
 bZzb moK cwienb AvBb Kvh©Ki:
➢ wkÿv_©x‡ì wbivc` moK Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L 19 †m‡Þ¤î, 2018 mv‡j RvZxq msm‡` cvm nq ÔmoK
cwienY AvBb, 2018Õ|
➢ G AvBb Kvh©Ki nq 1 b‡f¤î, 2019 G|
 WvKmyÕi behvÎv:
➢ 1923 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ nq ÔXvKv wek¦we`¨vjq QvÎ msm`Õ|
➢ `xN© 28 eQi ci 11 gvP©, 2019 G AbywôZ nq XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †K›`ªxq QvÎ msm` (WvKmy)
wbe©vPb|
➢ ‡`‡ki ÔwØZxq cvj©v‡g›UÕ L¨vZ WvKmy‡Z Gevi wb‡q wbe©vPb nq †gvU 37wU|
➢ ¯^vaxbZvi ci me©‡gvU wbe©vPb nq 8wU|
➢ WvKmy wbe©vPb-2019 G wbe©vwPZ mn-mfvcwZ (wfwc) ‡gv. byiæj nK|
 wcivwgW AvK…wZi †eŠ× ¯Í~c:
➢ gywÝM‡Äi Uw½evox Dc‡Rjvi bv‡Uk¦i GjvKvq 2019 mv‡j cvIqv hvq wcivwgW AvK…wZi cÖvPxb
†eŠ× ¯Í~c|
➢ Avwe®‹…Z †eŠ× ¯Í~cwU †`‡ki e„nËg|
 21Zg cÖZZ œ Ë¡ Rv`yNi:
➢ ‡`‡ki 21Zg cÖZœË¡ Rv`yNi ÔAvgSzwc bxjKzVxÕ †g‡nicyi ‡Rjvi mì Dc‡Rjvi AvgSzwc bvgK
¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z|
➢ 1947 mv‡j †`k wefv‡Mi mg‡q Bs‡iRiv P‡j hvevi mgq c~e© cvwK¯Ívb (evsjv‡`k) miKv‡ii Kv‡Q
n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i hvq G KzwVevwomn f~-m¤úwË|
~ 292 ~
 evsjv‡`k A¨v‡iv‡¯úm wek¦we`¨vjq:

➢ e½eÜz A¨v‡iv‡¯úm wek¦we`¨vjq Pvjy n‡”Q jvjgwbinv‡U|
 wek¦ evwYR¨ cwimsL¨vb 2019:
➢ kxl© ißvwbKviK †`k Pxb (evsjv‡`k 42Zg)|
➢ kxl© Avg`vwbKviK †`k hy³ivóª (evsjv‡`k 30Zg)|
➢ ‡cvkvK ißvwb‡Z kxl© †`k Pxb (evsjv‡`k 2q)
➢ ‡cvkvK Avg`vwb‡Z kxl© †`k hy³ivóª|
➢ e¯¿ ißvwb‡Z kxl© †`k Pxb|
➢ e¯¿ Avg`vwb‡Z kxl© †`k hy³ivóª (evsjv‡`k PZz_)© |
 ‡mvbviMuvI wek¦ Kviæwkí kni:
➢ 8 A‡±vei, 2019 G eqbwkíx‡ì eqb`ÿZvi ¯^xK…wZ wg‡j|
➢ GB w`b Kviæwkí cwil` †mvbviMuv‡K Ôwek¦ Kviæwkí bMiÕ (World Craft City) Gi gh©v`v
w`‡q‡Q|
➢ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g †Kv‡bv GjvKv G gh©v`v †cj|
 ‡bŠevwnbx‡Z bZzb `yB hy×RvnvR:
➢ 27 GwcÖj, 2019 G Px‡b wbwg©Z evsjv‡`k †bŠevwnbxi `ywU hy×RvnvR ÔmsMÖvgÕ I ÔcÖZ¨vkvÕ PÆMÖvg
†bfvj †RwU‡Z G‡m †cuŠQvq|
➢ RvnvR `ywUi cÖwZwUi ‰`N©¨ 90 wgUvi Ges cÖ¯’ 11 wgUvi|
➢ RvnvR `ywU N›Uvq m‡e©v”P 25 bwUK¨vj gvBj †e‡M Pj‡Z mÿg|
 wek¦ evsjv †MU D‡Øvab:
➢ KjKvZv gnvbM‡ii bZzb Dckni ivRvinv‡Ui bvi‡Kj evMvb †gv‡o wbwg©Z †ZviY Ôwek¦ evsjv
†MUÕ|
➢ GwU KjKvZv kn‡ii ¯^vMZ †ZviY ev cÖ‡ekØvi wn‡m‡e wbg©vY Kiv nq|
 evsjv‡`‡ki b`xe›ì:
➢ 7 Rvbyqvwi, 2019 wmivRMÄ †Rjvi KvwRcyi Dc‡Rjvi ‡gNvBNvU-bvUzqvcvov‡K 33Zg b`xe›ì
wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡i‡Q evsjv‡`k miKvi|
 evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’je›ì:
➢ 25 RyjvB, 2019 †bŠcwienb gš¿Yvjq wm‡jU †Rjvi †Kv¤úvbxMÄ Dc‡Rjvi †fvjvMÄ‡K ¯’je›ì
wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡i|
➢ GwU evsjv‡`‡ki 24Zg ¯’je›ì|
GK bR‡i wewfbœ m~P‡K evsjv‡`k
wewfbœ m~PK Ae¯’vb
ev¯‘Pz¨Z ZvwjKvq Gwkqvq evsjv‡`k 4_©
`wÿY Gwkqvq gy`ªvùxwZ‡Z evsjv‡`k 7g
‰ewk¦K wkï AwaKvi m~P‡K mvK©fz³ ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k 2q
cÖevmx Av‡q evsjv‡`k mvK©fz³ †`‡ki g‡a¨ 3q
~ 293 ~
AwciYZ wkï Rb¥nv‡i evsjv‡`k we‡k¦ 1g

msev`c‡Îi ¯^vaxbZv m~P‡K mvK©fz³ †`‡ki g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k 8g
mvBevi wbivcËv m~P‡K mvK©fz³ †`‡ki g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k 3q
End of Childhood Report-G mvK©fz³ †`‡ki g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k 5g
SDG Gender Index-2019-G mvK©fz³ †`‡ki g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k 5g
‰ewk¦K kvwšÍ m~P‡K mvK©fz³ †`‡ki g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k 4_©
ißvbx Avq cÖe„w×‡Z we‡k¦ evsjv‡`k 2q
we‡k¦i e¨v¯Í e›`‡ii ZvwjKvq PÆMÖvg e›ì 64Zg
‰ewk¦K DØvebx m~P‡K mvK©fz³ †`‡ki g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k 5g
ågY I ch©Ub mÿgvZv cÖwZ‡e`b 2019 G mvK©fz³ †`‡ki g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k 4_©
‰ewk¦K Awfevmx ZvwjKvq evsjv‡`k 6ô
Zzjv Avg`vwb‡Z we‡k¦ evsjv‡`k 2q
we‡k¦ grm¨ Drcv`‡b evsjv‡`k 8g
mvK©fz³ †`‡ki g‡a¨ `vwi‡`ª¨ evsjv‡`k 2q
‰ewk¦K ÿzav m~P‡K mvK©fz³ †`‡ki g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k 3q
wek¦ mvgwiK kw³‡Z mvK©fz³ †`‡ki g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k 3q
Wzwqs weR‡bm 2020 G mvK©fz³ †`‡ki g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k 7g
we‡k¦ cÖevmx Av‡q evsjv‡`k 9g
wbivc` Lv`¨ m~P‡K evsjv‡`k 83Zg
RvwZms‡Ni gvb Dbœqb m~P‡K evsjv‡`k 135Zg
A_©‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv m~P‡K evsjv‡`k 121Zg
‰ewk¦K AvB‡bi kvmb m~P‡K evsjv‡`k 112Zg
35-40Zg wewmGm cÖkœ-DËi
35Zg wewmGm cÖk-œ DËi
1. Ò‡mvqvP Ae †bv MÖvDÛÓ Aew¯’Z e‡½vcmvM‡i|

2. evM`v wPswo Avwki `kK †_‡K ißvwb cY¨ wn‡m‡e ¯’vb cvq|
3. evsjv‡`k msweav‡b cÖkvmwbK UªvBeybvj welqwU 117 b¤î Aby‡”Q‡` mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q|
4. evsjv‡`‡ki †emiKvwi wUwf P¨v‡bj 44 wU|
5. ÒAwjf UviUjÓ evsjv‡`‡ki †m›UgvwU©b Øx‡c cvIqv hvq|
6. Pxbv cwieªvRK wnD‡qb mvs Gi `x¶v¸iæ wQj kxjf`ª|
7. cÖvwšÍK n«` ev›ìevb †Rjvq Aew¯’Z|
8. evsjv‡`k BDwbqb cwil‡ì msL¨v 4571|
9. gnv¯’wei kxjf`ª bvj›`v gnvwenv‡ii AvPvh© wQ‡jb|
~ 294 ~
10. Lvwmqv MÖvg¸‡jv cywÄ bv‡g cwiwPZ|

11. jW© K¨vwbs fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k cywjk eë¯’v Pvjy K‡ib|
12. 19 †g, 2012 mv‡j evsjv‡`wk wbkvZ gRyg`vi Gfv‡i÷ Rq K‡ib|
13. cvwK¯Ív‡bi MYcwil‡ì Awa‡ek‡b evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi `vwe DÌvcb K‡ib ax‡i›`ªbv_ `Ë|
14. weL¨vZ wPÎKg© ÓwZb Kb¨vÓ Gi wPÎKi n‡jb Kvgiæj nvmvb|
15. fe`n wej h‡kvi †Rjvq Aew¯’Z|
16. wek¦ RbmsL¨v cÖwZ‡e`b 2009 Abyhvqx RbmsL¨vi w`K w`‡q evsjv‡`k we‡k¦i mßg (eZ©gv‡b Aóg)|
17. evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK mgx¶v 2014 Abyhvqx Mo mv¶iZvi nvi 57.9%|
18. evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i me©vwabvqK wQ‡jb e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb|
19. eY©vjx Ges ïå n‡”Q DbœZ Rv‡Zi fyÆv|
20. Mfxi mgy`ª e›ì wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ¯vÍ weZ †mvbvw`qv Øx‡ci AvqZb 9 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi|
21. ÒMaking Of A Nation BangladeshÓ MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv n‡jb byiæj Bmjvg|
22. ÒRxebXyjxÓ n‡jv GKwU Pjw”P‡Îi bvg|
23. evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶ GKw`‡bi AvšÍRv© wZK wµ‡K‡U Awf‡l‡Ki ZvmwKb Avn‡g` 5 DB‡KU jvf K‡ib|
24. cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi M„nxZ c`‡¶c Abyhvqx mßg cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvi †gqv` 2016-2020|
25. ÒThe Blood TelegramÓ MÖš’ wj‡Lb ÒGarry J BossÓ|
26. wek¦ evRv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki eø¨vK †e½j QvM‡ji Pvgov Kywóqv †MÖU bv‡g cwiwPZ|
27. wbDR DBKm g¨vMvwRb e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K ivRbxwZi Kwe wn‡m‡e †NvlYv w`‡q‡Q|
28. evsjv‡`‡ki wm‡jU AÂj‡K 360 AvDwjqvi †`k ejv nq|
29. b¨vPvivj M¨vm dvwU©jvBRvi d¨v±wi wjt Gi Drcvw`Z mv‡ii bvg nj BDwiqv Ges wUGmwc|
30. g¨vb‡MÖvf nj DcK~jxq eb|
36 Zg wewmGm cÖk-œ DËi
1. evOvwj RvwZi cÖavb Ask Aw÷ªK RvwZ‡Mvôxi AšÍfy³ © |

2. evsjv me©cÖvPxb Rbc‡ì bvg n‡”Q cyÛª|
3. evsjv bv‡gi DrcwËi welqwU AvBb-B-AvKeix MÖ‡š’ me©cÖ_g D‡jøL Kiv Av‡Q|
4. XvKvi jvjev‡Mi `~M© wbg©vY K‡ib kv‡q¯Ív Lvb|
5. evOvwji wQqvË‡ii gš^šÍi nq 1770 wLª÷v‡ã|
6. me©`jxq †K›`ªxq ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil` MwVZ nq 31 Rvbyqvwi 1952|
7. 6 `dv `vwe †ck Kiv nq 1966 mv‡j|
8. e½eÜyi 1971 mv‡ji 7 gvP© fvl‡Yi mgq Kv‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb PjwQj|
9. 26 gvP© 1971 Gi ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv e½eÜy Rvwi K‡ib Iqvi‡j‡mi gva¨‡g|
10. evsjv‡`‡k †ivcv Avgb avb Kiv nq AMÖnvqY-‡cŠl gv‡m|
11. my›ìe‡bi 62% evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK mxgv‡iLvi g‡a¨ c‡o‡Q|
12. GgwWwR Gi Ab¨Zg j¶¨ n‡jv ¶yav Ges `wi`ª `~i Kiv|
13. ZË¡veavqK miKvi eë¯’v msweav‡bi 15 Zg ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g i` Kiv nq|
14. evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq msm` GK K¶ wewkó|
~ 295 ~
15. fvi‡Zi 111 wU wQUgnj evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK mxgv‡iLvi AšÍfy³ © |

16. evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’v nj 88°01´ †_‡K 92°41´ c~e© `ªvwNgvs‡k|
17. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g Av`gïgvwi nq 1974 mv‡j|
18. cv½b DcRvwZ n‡jv gymwjg m¤cÖ`v‡qi|
19. XvKvi †avjvB Lvj Lbb K‡ib Bmjvg Lvb|
20. evsjv fvlv‡K cvwK¯Ívb MYcwil‡` 9 †g 1954 Ab¨Zg ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`q|
21. gyw³hy× PjvKvjxb 14 wW‡m¤î 1971 mv‡j eyw×Rxex‡ì Ici e¨vcK nZ¨vKvÛ msNwUZ nq|
22. evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ `vbKvix cÖ_g BD‡ivcxq †`k n‡”Q c~e© Rvg©vwb|
23. evsjv‡`‡ki e„nËg †Rjv 19wU|
24. ïfjs SY©v iv½vgvwU †Rjvq Aew¯’Z|
25. evsjv‡`‡ki DòZg ¯’v‡bi bvg bv‡Uv‡ii jvjcyi|
26. evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq cZvKv M„nxZ nq 17 Rvbyqvwi 1972 mv‡j|
27. †Kvb ivóªxq Abyôv‡b RvZxq msMx‡Zi cÖ_g Pvi jvBb evRv‡bv nq|
28. GK‡bK Gi mfvcwZ n‡jb cÖavbgš¿x|
29. AwMœk¦i nj DbœZ gv‡bi Kjvi RvZ|
30. eZ©gvb mg‡q evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii eo AR©b n‡jv hy×vcivax‡ì wePvi|
1. c~e©e½ Ges Avmvg cÖ‡`k MVb Kv‡j weªwUk fvi‡Zi Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij Ges fvBmiq wQ‡jb jW© KvR©b|
2. 1954 mv‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ívb cÖv‡`wkK cwil` wbe©vP‡b hy³d«‡›Ui cÖZxK wQj †bŠKv|
3. HwZnvwmK Qq `dv‡K g¨vMbvKvU©v Gi mv‡_ Zyjbv Kiv nq|
4. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g ¯^vaxb beve wQ‡jb gywk©`Kywj Lvb|
5. Avjyi GKwU RvZ WvqgÛ |
6. evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q †ewk Drcvw`Z nq †ev‡iv avb|
7. cÖavb exR Drcv`bKvix miKvwi cÖwZôvb nj BADC|
8. 2011 mv‡ji Av`gïgvwi Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡k bvix cyiæl AbycvZ 100 t 100.3|
9. A_©‰bwZK mgx¶v 2016 Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki Mo Avqy 70.7 eQi|
10. wm‡jU †Rjvq nvRs DcRvwZ†ì emevm|
11. 2011 mv‡ji Av`gïgvwi Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡k cwievi cÖwZ RbmsL¨v 4.4 Rb|
12. ewikvj wefv‡Mi mv¶iZvi nvi me©vwaK|
13. 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki AwR©Z A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×i nvi 7.05%|
14. evsjv‡`‡ki ‰Zwi RvnvR Ò†÷jv †gwimÓ ißvwb n‡q‡Q †Wbgv‡K©|
15. †ebv‡cvj ¯’je›ì msjMœ fviZxq ¯’je›ì Gi bvg n‡jv †c‡Uªv‡cvj|
16. evsjv‡`‡ki miKvwi Bwc‡RW 8wU|
17. evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q †ewk ißvwb K‡i Px‡b|
18. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g †gvevBj e¨vswKs ïiæ K‡i WvP evsjv e¨vsK|
19. ïé Kwgkb evwYR¨ gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b|
~ 296 ~
20. evsjv‡`‡ki mßg RvZxq msm‡` cÖavbgš¿xi cÖ‡kœvËi ce© Pvjy nq|
21. gvÎ GKwU msm`xq Avmb Av‡Q iv½vgvwU †Rjvq|
22. evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i cUf~wgKvq wbwg©Z Òax‡i e‡n †gNbvÓ Pjw”P‡Îi wbg©vZv n‡jb AvjgMxi Kwei|
23. RvZxq msm‡` Kvw÷s †fvU ej‡Z w¯úKvi Gi †fvU †K †evSvq|
24. NILG means- National Institute of Local Goverment
25. evsjv‡`k wmwfj mvwf©m K¨vWvi msL¨v 27 wU (wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b 26 wU)|
26. msweav‡bi 137 b¤î Aby‡”Q‡` miKvwi Kg© Kwgkb MV‡bi D‡jøL Av‡Q|
27. Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki Uviwkqvix cvnvo †K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
28. evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ `vbKvix cÖ_g Abvie gymwjg †`k †m‡bMvj|
29. evsjv‡`k gh©v`v Abymv‡i Z…Zxq exiZ¡m~PK †LZve exi weµg|
30. wµ‡K‡U evsjv‡`k †U÷ gh©v`v cvq 2000 mv‡j|
1. evsjv‡`‡ki ‰Zwi cÖ_g b¨v‡bv m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui bvg n‡”Q eª¨vK A‡š^lv|

2. evsjv‡`k Ges gvqvbgv‡ii g‡a¨ mgy`m Ö xgv we‡iva International Tribunal For The Law Of
The Sea Gi gva¨‡g wb®úwË nq|
3. evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b me©vwaK cwigvY wewfbœ cY¨ Avg`vwb K‡i Pxb †_‡K|
4. gywRebMi miKv‡ii ÎvY Ges cybe©vmb gš¿x wQ‡jb Av n g Kvgviæ¾vgvb|
5. evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡ì wfwË‡Z c~e© evsjvq fvlv Av‡›`vjb n‡qwQj|
6. 1954 mv‡ji c~e© evsjv cÖv‡`wkK cwil` wbe©vP‡b hy³ wQ‡jb bv beve m¨vi mwjgyjøvn|
7. Ryg Pvl nq LvMovQwo‡Z|
8. PvKgv Rb‡Mvôxi †jvKmsL¨v me©vwaK iv½vgvwU †Rjvq|
9. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g Av`gïgvwi nq 1974 mv‡j|
10. evsjv‡`‡k †gvU †`kR Drcv`‡b K…wl †¶‡Î Ae`vb µgn«vmgvb|
11. evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK n‡jv evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK|
12. MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi 27 avivq mKj bvMwiK‡K AvB‡bi `„wó‡Z mgZvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|
13. evsjv‡`‡k economic review 2016 Abymv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki wkï g„Zyï nvi 28|
14. mßg cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbv †gqv‡` cÖwZeQi evsjv‡`‡k Mo cÖK…Z wRwWwc cÖe„w× AR©‡bi j¶¨gvÎv
7.4%|
15. 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki Mo g~j¨ùxwZ wQj 5.92%|
16. evsjv‡`‡ki we`y¨r Drcv`‡bi R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e me©vwaK eënvi Kiv nq cÖvK…wZK M¨vm|
17. cÖvPxb evsjvi nwi‡Kj Rbc` AÂjfy³ GjvKv n‡”Q PÆMÖvg|
18. gyNj m¤ªvU‡ì g‡a¨ me©cÖ_g m¤ªvU evei AvZ¥Rxebx wj‡Lb|
19. HwZnvwmK Qq `dv †NvlYv Kiv nq 1966 mv‡ji †deªyqvwi gv‡m|
20. MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb g‡Z cÖavb wbe©vPb Kwgkbv‡ii wb‡qv‡Mi †gqv` cvuP eQi|
21. †`‡ki †Kvb GjvKvq †fvUvi nb bvB Ggb e¨w³ msm` wbe©vP‡b †Kvb µ‡gB cÖv_©x n‡Z cvi‡eb bv|
22. cjøx we`y¨r ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii AšÍf©y³ bq|
~ 297 ~
23. AvBb cÖYq‡bi ¶gZv RvZxq msm‡ì|

24. mgv‡Ri wkw¶Z †kÖYxi †h Ask miKvi ev K‡c©v‡iU MÖæ‡c _v‡K bv wKš‘ mK‡ji Dci cÖfve we¯Ívi Kivi
¶gZv iv‡L Zv‡ì mykxj mgvR e‡j|
25. MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ c‡` wbe©vwPZ nIqvi b~b¨Zg eqm 35 eQi|
26. evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Avq MYbvq †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡K 15 wU ‡m±‡i fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
27. †U÷ wµ‡K‡U evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶ gykwdKyi iwng cÖ_g Wvej †mÂywi K‡ib|
28. iv¯Ívq UªvwdK †g‡b Pjv bvMwi‡Ki `vwqZ¡|
29. gvqvbgv‡ii mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki wZbwU †Rjvi mxgvšÍ Av‡Q|
30. cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvwšÍ Pyw³ 1997 mv‡j ¯^v¶wiZ nq|
1. evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b †gvU 7 wU Zdwmj Av‡Q|

2. cjvkxi hy× nq 23 Ryb 1757 mv‡j|
3. cÖZvc Avw`Z¨ wQ‡jb evsjvi ev‡iv f~uBqv‡ì GKRb|
4. wbDR DBKm g¨vMvwRb e½eÜy‡K c‡qU Ad cwjwU· Dcvwa w`‡qwQj|
5. gyw³hy‡×i mgq †bŠKgv‡Ûv MwVZ nq 10 bv¤^vi †m±i wb‡q|
6. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb wePvicwZ wb‡qvM †`b ivóªcwZ|
7. evsjv‡`‡ki 2018-19 A_©eQ‡ii cÖ¯ÍvweZ ev‡R‡U evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ 1,73,000 †KvwU UvKv
eivÏ Av‡Q|
8. evsjv‡`‡ki 2018-19 A_©eQ‡ii ev‡R‡U wRwWwc Gi cÖ‡¶wcZ cÖe„w×i nvi 7.8%|
9. e½f½ i` nq 1911 mv‡j|
10. wbe©vnx wefvM †_‡K wePvi wefvM c„_K Kivi welqwU msweav‡bi 22 b¤î Aby‡”Q‡` †jLv Av‡Q|
11. evsjv‡`‡ki wRwWwc‡Z K…wlLv‡Zi Ae`vb 14.10%|
12. wkï g„Zyï nvi n«v‡mi mvd‡jï Rb¨ MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv MDG
award 2010 AR©b K‡ib|
13. 2018 mv‡ji wek¦ cwi‡ek wè‡mi cÖwZcv`¨ welq wQj: cøvw÷K `~lY†K civwRZ Kwi|
14. gywRebMi miKvi MwVZ nq 10 GwcÖj 1971 mv‡j|
15. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x nIqvi b~b¨Zg eqm 25 eQi|
16. cÖRvZ‡š¿i wbe©vnx ¶gZv cÖavbgš¿x KZ©…‡Z¡ cÖhy³ nq
40 Zg wewmGm
1. evsjv‡`‡ki fvIqvj I gaycy‡ii ebf~wg kvje„‡ÿi Rb¨ weL¨vZ|

2. evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q †ewk cvU Drcbœ nq dwi`cyi †Rjvq|
3. evsjv‡`‡ki ‡gvU Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwgi cwigvb 2 †KvwU 25 jÿ GKi|
4. ÔMv‡ivÕ DcRvwZ gqgbwmsn †Rjvq evm K‡i|
5. 2018 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki Per capita GDP 1,752 gvwK©b Wjvi|
~ 298 ~
6. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g Av`gïgvix AbywôZ nq 1974 mv‡j|

7. Inclusive Development Index Gi wfwË‡Z Gwkqvq evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’vb 2q|
8. 2018 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU ißvwb Avq 41 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi|
9. AvjvDwÏb †nv‡mb kvn& 1498-1519 L„óvã ch©šÍ e„nËi evsjv kvmb K‡i|
10. cÖvPxb evsjv †gŠh© kvm‡bi cÖwZôvZv P›`ª¸ß †gŠh©|
11. BD‡ivcxq ewYK‡ì g‡a¨ evsjvq cZ~©MxRiv cÖ_g G‡mwQj|
12. 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy‡×i mgq RvwZms‡N †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ Ô‡f‡UvÕ cÖ`vb K‡iwQj|
13. e½eÜzi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY msweav‡bi 5g Zdwm‡j AšÍfy³ © Kiv n‡q‡Q|
14. Ôe½f½Õ Kv‡j fvi‡Zi fvBmiq wQ‡jb jW© KvR©b|
15. Alliance hy³iv‡óªi Mv‡g©›Um eªvÛ¸‡jvi msMVb|
16. 2018 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki GDP ‡Z wkíLv‡Zi Ae`vb 33.66% wQj|
17. 2018-19 A_© eQ‡i ißvwb cÖ‡Yv`bv ivLv i‡q‡Q mv‡o 4 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv|
18. evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g 1991 mv‡j f¨vU Pvjy nq|
19. msweav‡bi 5g ms‡kvab‡K Ôfirst distortion of constitutionÕ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq|
20. ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎ msweav‡bi 7g Zdwm‡j ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
21. MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb cÖewZ©Z nq 16 wW‡m¤î, 1972 mv‡j|
22. msweav‡bi 137 bs Aby‡”Q‡` ÔmiKvwi Kg© KwgkbÕ MV‡bi D‡jøL Av‡Q|
23. 1966 mv‡j AvIqvgx jx‡Mi 6 `dv †ck Kiv n‡qwQj|
24. e½eÜz mn †gvU 35 Rb‡K AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvq Avmvgx Kiv n‡qwQj|
25. AvBb I mvwjk GKai‡bi gvbevwaKvi ms¯’v|
26. Admond Ges Powel Pvc m„wóKvix †Mvôx‡K 4 fv‡M wef³ K‡i‡Q|
27. evsjv‡`k RvwZms‡Ni 136 Zg m`m¨|
28. 7 gvP©, 1973 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g msm` wbe©vPb nq|
29. Z…Yg~j ch©v‡q ¯^v¯’¨ †mev wbwðZ Ki‡Z 13,136wU KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK Pvjy nq|
30. ÔLet there be LightÕ weL¨vZ QwewU cwiPvjbv K‡ib Rwni ivqnvb|
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 ‡Wbgv‡K©i †jvK‡`i ejv nq †Wwbk (Danish) ev w`‡bgvi (Dinemar)|

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evsjvi RvMiY I ms¯‹vi Av‡›`vjb

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fviZxq RvZxq Ks‡MÖm cÖwZôvZv

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