ENDOCRINE

SYSTEM
DISORDERS
What is the Endocrine system?

The endocrine system, made up

of all the body's different
hormones, regulates all biological
processes in the body from
conception through adulthood
and into old age, including the
development of the brain and
nervous system, the growth and
function of the reproductive
system, as well as the
metabolism and blood sugar
What are Endocrine disorders?
❖ An endocrine disorder results from the improper function of the
endocrine system, which includes the glands that secrete hormones, the
receptors that respond to hormones and the organs that are directly
impacted by hormones. At any one of these points, dysfunction can
occur and cause wide-ranging effects on the body.
❖ If your hormone levels are too high or too low, you may have an
endocrine disease or disorder.
The parts of the Endocrine system
● Hypothalamus.-acts as your body's smart control coordinating center.
● Pituitary- is in charge of making several essential hormones.
● Thyroid-plays a major role in the metabolism, growth and development of the
human body.
● Parathyroids-helps maintain the right balance of calcium in the bloodstream and
in tissues that depend on calcium for proper functioning.

● Adrenals-produce hormones that help regulate your metabolism, immune system,

blood pressure

● Pineal body-receive information about the state of the light-dark cycle from the
environment and convey this information to produce and secrete the hormone melatonin.

● the Ovaries-produce eggs for fertilization and they make the hormones
estrogen and progesterone
● the Testes-produces spermatozoa, the male gametes.
HYPOTHALAMUS GLAND DISORDER

● Nutrition problems, such as eating

disorders (anorexia), extreme weight
loss. Blood vessel problems in the brain,
such as aneurysm, pituitary apoplexy,
subarachnoid hemorrhage. Genetic
disorders, such as Prader-Willi
syndrome, familial diabetes insipidus,
Kallmann syndrome.
● A subarachnoid hemorrhage means
that there is bleeding in the space that
surrounds the brain.
PITUITARY GLAND DISORDER

● Pituitary disorders occur when the

pituitary gland makes too much or too
little of a particular hormone.Most often,
these disorders are caused by a pituitary
tumor.
● Hypopituitarism is a rare disorder in
which your pituitary gland fails to
produce one or more hormones, or
doesn't produce enough hormones.
 THYROID GLAND DISORDER

● The two main types of thyroid disease are

Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism. Both
conditions can be caused by other diseases
that impact the way the thyroid gland works.
Conditions that can cause hypothyroidism
include: Thyroiditis: This condition is an
inflammation (swelling) of the thyroid gland.

It can also be caused by:

● Thyroiditis
● iodine deficiency
● pituitary gland or hypothalamus disorders
PARATHYROIDS GLAND DISORDERS

Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is the most

common type of parathyroid disease. In HPT,
one or more glands are overactive. As a result,
the glands make too much PTH. This may result
in too much calcium in the blood—a condition
called hypercalcemia. Usually, a benign tumor
on the gland causes HPT.

Hypercalcemia can cause serious problems,

including:

● osteoporosis
● kidney stones
● heart disease
● high blood pressure
ADRENAL GLAND DISORDERS

● Adrenal disorders are the result of your glands

making too much or not enough of certain
hormones.
● Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. This term
refers to genetic condition in which your
adrenal glands are not able to make
cortisol well. As a result ACTH is elevated.
Depending on the defect higher levels of
male hormone might be made.
● Adrenal gland suppression. This is a type
of adrenal insufficiency that is related to
outside sources of cortisol or related
synthetic hormones such as prednisone or
dexamethasone.
PINEAL GLAND DISORDERS

● The dysfunction of the pineal gland

produces less melatonin secretion,
which may result in insomnia, abnormal
thyroid function, anxiety, intestinal
hyperactivity, and menopause.
pressure, Seasonal Affective Disorder,
abnormal adrenal functions.
● Pineocytoma-A pineocytoma is a
tumor of the pineal gland
❖ Disorders Of Pineal Gland
● Depression.
● Mood swings.
● Peptic or stomach ulcers.
● Disruption in sleep patterns.
TESTES GLAND DISORDERS

● Disorders of the testicles can

affect a man's sexual
functioning and fertility.
● Testicular cancer is the most
serious form of testicular
disease.
● testicular cancer happens
when cells in the testicle
develop mutations that cause
them to misbehave.
OVARIES GLAND DISORDERS

Some of the ovarian disorders include:

endometriosis, ovarian cysts, ovarian
epithelial cancer, ovarian germ cell tumors,
ovarian low malignant potential tumors, and
polycystic ovary syndrome.

Endometriosis - is a disorder in which tissue

similar to the tissue that normally lines the
inside of your uterus — the endometrium —
grows outside your uterus.
HOW TO PREVENT ENDOCRINE DISORDERS?

● Stay at a healthy weight. Eat healthy foods and get plenty of exercise.
● Include iodine in your diet. It can help prevent thyroid problems.
● Make sure all your doctors know about any hormones you're taking.
THANK YOU

Hope you enjoyed my presentation