NAME: _______________________________________ SECTION: ___________ Math 10 Teacher: Mr. Jhay Y.

Tuazon
QUARTER 2 LESSON 4 IN MATH 10: TANGENTS Student Teacher: Mr. John Carlo L. Destacamento (Grade 10 – Moses)
A tangent is a line, segment, or ray that intersects the circle at exactly one point. This intersection is called the point of tangency.
A Name of the Circle: Name of the Circle: Name of the Circle:
X
B _______ O ______ ______
R
m Tangent: ______ Tangent: ______ ` Tangent: _____
P
Point of Tangency: ____ M N Point of Tangency: ____ Point of Tangency: ___
S T
Tangent Line ____ is tangent to ____ at ____. Tangent Segment _____ is tangent to ______ at ___. Tangent Ray _____ is tangent to ______ at ___.

REVIEW OF GEOMETRY:
A line, segment, or ray is perpendicular to another line, segment, or ray if they intersect to form a right angle. A right angle
measures exactly 90°. The symbol for perpendicularity is ⊥ which is read as “is perpendicular to”.
P O R
____ is perpendicular to ____. ____ is perpendicular to ____. ____ is perpendicular to ____.
___ ⊥ ___ . ___ ⊥ ___. ___ ⊥ ___.
m ______ is a right angle. ______ is a right angle. ______ is a right angle.
________ = 90° M ________ = 90° T ________ = 90°
A X B N S
A right triangle is a triangle that has a right angle. The two sides that form the right angle are called the legs. The longest side
which is the opposite of the right angle is the hypotenuse.
The Pythagorean Theorem states that in a right triangle, the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs is equal to the square
of the length of the hypotenuse. The formula is 𝐥𝐞𝐠 𝟐 + 𝐥𝐞𝐠 𝟐 = 𝐡𝐲𝐩𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐮𝐬𝐞𝟐 𝐨𝐫 𝐡𝐲𝐩𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐮𝐬𝐞𝟐 = 𝐥𝐞𝐠 𝟐 + 𝐥𝐞𝐠 𝟐 .
acute angle In right ∆ABC with right ∠B,
A Name of the Right Triangle: __________ AB = 3 ft and AC = 5 ft. Find BC.
hypotenuse Right Angle: __________ Solution: Use the Pythagorean Theorem.
leg Acute Angles: __________ 3 ft 5 ft leg 2 + leg 2 = hyp2
Legs: __________ BC2 + AB2 = AC2
C Hypotenuse: __________
B
_?_ ft
right angle leg acute angle
For each right triangle, find the missing length of a side using Pythagorean Theorem.
Given: BX = 5 cm PX = 12 cm Given: ON = 10 in MN = 8 in Given: RT = 8 ST = 15
P Find PB. O Find OM. R Find RS.
_?_
12 cm
_?_ cm hyp2 = leg 2 + leg 2 10 in _?_ in leg 2 + leg 2 = hyp2 8 hyp2 = leg 2 + leg 2
PB2 = BX 2 + PX 2 OM2 + MN2 = ON2 RS2 = RT 2 + ST 2
5 cm
N M T 15 S
A X B 8 in

THE RADIUS-TANGENT THEOREM

If a line is tangent to a circle, then the line is perpendicular Illustrative Example:
to the radius at the point of tangency. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
BC is tangent to ⨀A at B. PB = 24 and PC = 25.
B C
AX is tangent to ⨀P at X, then ⃡⃗⃗⃗
If ⃡⃗⃗⃗⃗ AX ⊥ തതതത
PX. Find PD, DC, and BC.
It follows that ∠PXA is a right angle. 24 D PD = ___ DC = ___ BC = ___
P m∠PXA = 90° 25
P

X A
COROLLARY 1 Illustrative Example: Given: The length of the
Two tangent segments from a common external point are congruent. 41
radius of ⊙A is 9.
തതതത
CD is tangent to ⊙A at D. തത CEതത is tangent to ⊙A at E. DC = 41
തതതത and CE
CD തതതത intersect at their common external point C. Find the following.
Therefore, CDതതതത is congruent to CE തതതത. AD = ____ AE = ____
In symbols, CD തതതത ≅ CE
തതതത. EC = ____ AC = ____
That means തതതത CD and തതCE തത have the same length.
COROLLARY 2 Illustrative Example: Given: m∠DCE = 30°
The two tangent rays from a common external point determine an angle Find: m∠DCA = ______
that is bisected by the ray from the external point to the center of the circle. m∠ECA = ______
30°
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ is tangent to ⊙A at D. ⃗⃗⃗⃗
CD CE is tangent to ⊙A at E. m∠ADC = ______
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and ⃗⃗⃗⃗
CD CE intersect at their common external point C. m∠AEC = ______
Therefore, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
CA is the angle bisector of ∠DCE. m∠DAC = ______
Or ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
CA bisects ∠DCE. It follows that ∠DCA ≅ ∠ECA. m∠EAC = ______
That means ∠DCA and ∠ECA have the same measure in degrees. m∠DAE = ______
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE:

PRACTICE EXERCISES: