Discussions of all experiences

Written by ALI NAZIM

 ●Simple pendulum

Q1- is the mass of the object effect on the time of oscillation

and how?
_Yes the mass of an object does have an effect on the time of oscillation Simple harmonic
motion nad the heavier object will have a longer time period than alighter object.

Q2-what happening to the simple pendulum if we work on the

moon?
_simple pendulum on the moon would oscillate more slowly than on earth because the
gravitational is weaker than the earth .

Q3- Find the period of simple pendulum if you know that its
length 0.5 m then find frequency?
T = 2π√(L/g)
T = 2π√(0.5/9.8)
≈ 2π√(0.051)
≈ 2π * 0.226
≈ 1.422 sec

f = 1/T
= 1/1.422
≈ 0.703 Hz
 ●Hooke's law

Q1-Find the force acting on spring when its displacement is 40

cm and the force constant is 625 N/m?
F = -kx
F = -(625 N/m)(0.4 m)
F = -250 N

Q2-A spring obeys Haws law, A force of 2N extends the spring

by 0.3 m, A 6N force will extend the spring by _____?
F = kx
1_

2N = k * 0.3m
k = 2N / 0.3m
k = 6.67 N/m

2_

6N = (6.67 N/m) * x
x = 6N / (6.67 N/m)
x ≈ 0.9 m
 ●Viscosity of liquid

Q1-What is the Viscosity depends on?

_Liquid nature, temperature and pressure

Q2-what is the units of viscosity?

_pascal-second (pa-s)

Q3-write done from higher viscosity to lower viscosity

● Water
● Honey
● Oil
_ honey > oil > water
 ●Speed of sound

QI-What happen if we changed the water in the experiment with

another liquid?
_ the speed of sound would likely be different. It's important to note that the speed of sound
in any medium depends on various factors, such as temperature , pressure, and humidity, so
any changes to these variables could also affect the speed of sound.

Q2-what is the meaning of resonance and how its happen?

_Resonance refers to a phenomenon in which an object or system vibrates at its natural by
frequency in response to an external force or stimulus

It happen when an external force is applied to a system at or near its natural frequency,

Q3-what is the speed of sound depends on ?

_The speed of sound depends on a few factors, including the medium through which it
travels, the temperature of that medium, and the atmospheric pressure
 ●Diffraction grating

Q1- if we change the light source in diffraction grating to laser

light what happen to fringes?
_ the fringes or interference pattern produced by the grating will generally become sharper
and more well-defined.

Q2- what is the meaning of diffraction grating and how is work?

_A diffraction grating is a device consisting of a large number of equally spaced parallel slits
or grooves that are used to separate light into its individual wavelengths
It is work When light is incident on a diffraction grating, the light waves passing through the
slits or grooves interfere with each other, producing a series of bright and dark fringes called
interference fringes or diffraction pattern.
 ●The focal length of a convex lens

Q2-what is the meaning of focal length, concave lens and

convex lens?
● focal length:- is the distance between the center of the lens and its focus Point it is
measure of the Power of the lens units of meters (m) of centimeters (cm)

● Concave lens :-it is thinner at the center than at edge it is known as a divergent lens,
it can only form Virtual images.

● Convex lens :-it is thicker in the center than at the edge it is known as a hypoglossal
lens, it can form images of real, virtual and rectangular

Q3-is the focal length positive or negative? And why?

_the focal length can be positive or negative depending on The Shape of the lens and the
way it refracts light
 ●The focal length of concave lens

Q1-what is type of image is produced by concave lens?

_if the object Placed far from the lens the image will be virtual Straight and smaller insize

if the object Placed close to lens the image will be virtual

Straight and larger

Q2-compare between concave lens and convex lens?

● Concave lens :-it is thinner at the center than at edge it is known as a divergent lens,
it can only form Virtual images.

● Convex lens :-it is thicker in the center than at the edge it is known as a hypoglossal
lens, it can form images of real, virtual and rectangular

Q3- find the power in diopter for a concave lens with focal
length 50 cm?
_Power (P) = 1 / focal length (f)
= 1 / 0.5 = 2 diopters
 ●Boyle's law

Q1- A gas exerts a pressure of 3 kPa on the walls of container,

When container 1 is emptied into a 10-liter container, the
pressure exerted by the gas increases to 6 kPa. Find the
volume of container (Assume that the temperature and quantity
of the gas remain constant).
P1 * V1 = P2 * V2

Given:
P1 = 3 kPa (initial pressure)
P2 = 6 kPa (final pressure)
V1 = 10 liters (initial volume)
V2 = ? (final volume)

3 kPa * 10 liters = 6 kPa * V2

30 kPa * liters = 6 kPa * V2
5 liters = V2

Q2-A balloon with a volume of 2.0 L is filled with a gas at 3

atmospheres. If the pressure is reduced to 0.5 atmospheres
without a change in temperature, what would be the volume of
the balloon?
P1 * V1 = P2 * V2

Where:
P1 = initial pressure = 3 atmospheres
V1 = initial volume = 2.0 L
P2 = final pressure = 0.5 atmospheres
V2 = final volume (unknown)

3 atmospheres * 2.0 L = 0.5 atmospheres * V2

6.0 L = 0.5 atmospheres * V2
V2 = (6.0 L) / (0.5 atmospheres)
V2 = 12.0 L
Ohm law

Q1/ voltage :
is a measure of the electrical potential energy per unit charge in an electrical circuit. is
typically measured in volts (V) and is represented by the symbol "V.

Current :
is defined as the amount of electric charge that flows through a conductor per unit time,
when a potential difference (voltage) is applied across it.

Resistance :
Refers to the opposition shown by the material to the electric current passing through it and
is measured in ohms.

Ampere:
refers to the unit of measurement for electrical current. One ampere is defined as the
amount of electric charge that flows through a material in one second when a current of one
coulomb is applied.

Q2- Is a plot of current vs. voltage always a straight line?

Explain why or why not?
_No, a plot of current vs. voltage is not always a straight line. The shape of the curve
depends on the type of electrical component being measured.
In an ideal resistor, the relationship between current and voltage is linear, which means that
the plot of current vs. voltage is a straight line. This is known as Ohm's Law, However, for
other types of electrical components like capacitors and inductors, the relationship between
current and voltage is not linear

Q3-In a circuit, the potential drop across the 10 k2 -resistor is

100 V. What is the current through the resistor
I = V/R
I = 100 V / 10 kΩ == 0.01a or 10 ma
 ●Geiger miller tube

Q1/ which of the following have higher energy than another

(Gamma ,Beta ,Alpha)
_Gamma rays are the most energetic among the three

Q2/ what is the deference between alpha, beta and gamma?

_ Gamma : Gamma rays are the strongest electromagnetic radiation in terms of energy and
the shortest in wavelength.

Alpha : They carry less energy than gamma rays and are able to penetrate matter over short
distances

Beta :It has a lower penetrating ability and usually stops within a short time in the material