UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

Aerospace Engineering
PROGRAM CODE: AS – 201
Subject Name : AERO THERMODYNAMICS Subject Code : AST-218

UNIT - 3
BASICS OF PROPULSION AND HEAT TRANSFER
Classification of jet engines - basic jet propulsion arrangement – Engine station number, thrust equation –
Specific thrust, SFC, TSFC, specific impulse, actual cycles, isentropic efficiencies of jet engine components,
polytropic efficiency, conduction in parallel, radial and composite wall, basics of convective and radiation
heat transfer. (15 hours)

(Use of steam tables and Mollier charts are permitted)

UNIT - 3
BASICS OF PROPULSION AND HEAT TRANSFER
5.4 TURBO-PROP ENGINE

Main Components of Turbo – Prop Engine

(1) Propeller
(2) Reduction Gear
(3) Diffuser
(4) Compressor
(5) Combustion Chamber
(6) Turbine
(7) Nozzle
(8) Shaft (Connecting Propeller, Compressor & Turbine)
 UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Aerospace Engineering
PROGRAM CODE: AS – 201
Subject Name : AERO THERMODYNAMICS Subject Code : AST-218

Air from atmosphere is utilized by propeller to develop thrust. 75% to 80% of total thrust is
generated by propeller. Reduction gear is placed between propeller and shaft to run propeller
smoothly and efficiently. Also air from ambient is drawn to diffuser (duct) to increase the static
pressure by reducing kinetic energy by variable area method. Compressor collects air from diffuser
to improve the pressure level this action is called compression. Compressed air is distributed to
combustion chamber to burn with fuel. In this process energy is added in turns temperature is raised
at almost constant pressure. Gases are expanded in the turbine by reducing pressure level which
increases kinetic energy of the gas. Again nozzle is used to improve kinetic energy of gas by varying
the area of duct. The thrust produced by this method (hot gases) is about 20% to 25%. Turbo prop
engine functions on Brayton Cycle.

Advantages

(i) Low vibrations and noise level.

(ii) Higher thrust at take off.
(iii) Wide ranges of operational speeds.
(iv) Flexibility in operation owing to multi shaft arrangement.

Disadvantages

(i) Reduction gear consumes power produced by turbine.

(ii) More space is required to incorporate reduction gear.
(iii) Shocks and flow separation are more prominent at high speed which influences efficiency
of propeller.