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Surds

This document discusses laws and properties of surds (roots), working with surds, examples of simplifying and comparing surds, rationalizing denominators, solving surd equations, and examples of solving surd equations. It provides instructions, definitions, examples, and exercises related to working with surds.

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sunbai samuel
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585 views15 pages

Surds

This document discusses laws and properties of surds (roots), working with surds, examples of simplifying and comparing surds, rationalizing denominators, solving surd equations, and examples of solving surd equations. It provides instructions, definitions, examples, and exercises related to working with surds.

Uploaded by

sunbai samuel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SURDS: Laws

3 4 𝑛
𝑆𝑈𝑅𝐷𝑆 = 𝑅𝑂𝑂𝑇𝑆 → 𝑥; 𝑥; 𝑥 ;…; 𝑥 (nth root)

𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
∗ 𝑎× 𝑏= 𝑎𝑏
𝑛
𝑛 𝑎 𝑎
* = 𝑛
𝑏 𝑏

𝑚 𝑛 𝑛 𝑚 𝑚𝑛
* 𝑎= 𝑎= 𝑎
𝑚 𝑚 𝑛
* 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎
Beware!!

𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
 𝑎×𝑏 = 𝑎 × 𝑏
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
 𝑎÷𝑏 = 𝑎 ÷ 𝑏
BUT!!
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
 𝑎+𝑏 ≠ 𝑎+ 𝑏
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
 𝑎−𝑏 ≠ 𝑎− 𝑏
SURDS:
Working with numbers
𝐵𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑆𝑄𝑈𝐴𝑅𝐸𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑈𝐵𝐸𝑆!

Square numbers
1; 4; 9; 16; 25; 36; 49; 64; 81; 100;
121; 144; 169; 196; 225; …
Cube numbers
1; 8; 27; 64; 125; 216; …
SURDS: Examples

3
2. 64𝑥 9 𝑦 2

=5 2

=7 6

Simplifying Basic Surds


Beware!!

1. = .

=
=

2. =

NOT! = =
SURDS: Examples
Pure surds 50 − 18

Factorize into = 25.2 − 9.2


perfect squares

Split = 25. 2 − 9. 2

Simplify =5 2 −3 2
Working
Add like terms =2 2 with Surds
SURDS: Examples
3 15 4
125𝑏 . 64𝑏8
400𝑏6
3 3 15 4 4 2 8
5 𝑏 . 2 2 𝑏
=
2. 22 52 𝑏6
5 24 2
5𝑏 . 2𝑏 2
=
2.5. 𝑏3 2
2
10𝑏7 24
= 1
10𝑏3 22
4
=𝑏
EXERCISE TIME!

1. 48𝑥 6 − 27𝑥 3
20
2. 5+ 45

3. 3( 27 − 108)

4. (2 5 − 4)(2 5 + 4)
SURDS: Comparisons
Arrange into descending order:
3 2 6
2 3 8
1 2 1 3 3
 
2 3 2 3
0
2 3
2 6
2 3 3
2 6 3 6
2 6

 4
1
 27 
1
 8
1
6 6 6

So 2
3  6
8  3
2
SURDS:
Rationalizing Denominators
Need to get rid of the surd in the denominator …
1 5
* × 𝟓
5 5 =1
𝟓
5
Rationalizing =
Denominators
5
1 4+ 5 Difference
* ×
4− 5 4+ 5 of
Squares
4+ 5 4+ 5
= =
16 − 5 11
EXERCISE TIME!
Which surd is the biggest?
3 4 5
1. 16 ; 32 ; 64

Rationalize the denominator:


5
2. 3 2
7
3. 1− 7
SURD EQUATIONS:
Examples
* 6𝑥 − 12 = 0

6𝑥 = 12
Square
both
( 6𝑥)2 = 122
sides
6𝑥 = 144
𝑥 = 24
SURD EQUATIONS:
Examples
* 2𝑥 + 40 − 𝑥 = −4
Square
2𝑥 + 40 = 𝑥 − 4
both
( 2𝑥 + 40)2 = (𝑥 − 4)2 sides
2𝑥 + 40 = 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 16
𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 24 = 0
𝑥 − 12 𝑥 + 2 = 0
𝑥 = 12 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −2
BUT! ALWAYS CHECK YOUR SOLUTIONS!
SURD EQUATIONS:
Examples
𝐼𝑓 𝑥 = 12:
2𝑥 + 40 − 𝑥 = −4
LHS: 2(12) + 40 − 12 = −4 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆 

Complex Surd
𝐼𝑓 𝑥 = −2:
Equations
2𝑥 + 40 − 𝑥 = −4
LHS: 2(−2) + 40 − −2 = 8 ≠ 𝑅𝐻𝑆 
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑥 = 12 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
EXERCISE TIME!
Solve for 𝑥:

1. 3 3𝑥 − 1 = 24

2. 𝑥−4=1

3. 𝑥 + 7𝑥 − 12 = 0

4. 2 𝑥 − 3 = 𝑥 − 3

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