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SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 12
MATHEMATICS P1
FEBRUARY/MARCH 2012
MEMORANDUM
MARKS: 150
QUESTION 1
1.1.1 3x 2 − 5 x = 2
3x 2 − 5x − 2 = 0 9 standard form
(3 x + 1)( x − 2) = 0 9 factors
1 9 both answers
x = − or x = 2 (3)
3
a
1.1.2 2
x− =5
x
.z
x − 2 = 5x
2
x2 − 5x − 2 = 0 9 standard form
− b ± b 2 − 4ac
o
x=
2a
− (−5) ± 25 − 4(1)(−2) 9 subs in correct
.c
x= formula
2(1)
5 ± 33
x= s
2 99 answers
x = 5,37 or x = −0,37 (one for each answer)
er
(4)
1.1.3 ( x + 1)( x − 3) > 12
9 multiplication
x 2 − 2 x − 3 > 12
x 2 − 2 x − 15 > 0
ap
+ 0 − 0 + OR
–3 5 –3 5
tp
1.2 r+ p=2
r = 2− p 9 r = 2− p
6r + 5rp − 5 p = 8
9 substitution
6(2 − p ) + 5(2 − p ) p − 5 p = 8
12 − 6 p + 10 p − 5 p 2 − 5 p = 8 9 simplification
5 p2 + p − 4 = 0
(5 p − 4)( p + 1) = 0
a
4 9 factors
p= or p = −1 9 p-answers
5
.z
⎛4⎞
r = 2 − ⎜ ⎟ or r = 2 − (−1)
⎝5⎠
99 r-answers
o
6
r= r =3 (7)
5
.c
OR
r+ p=2
9 p = 2−r
p = 2−r
6r + 5rp − 5 p = 8
s
er
6r + 5r (2 − r ) − 5(2 − r ) = 8 9 substitution
6r + 10r − 5r 2 − 10 + 5r = 8
5r 2 − 21r + 18 = 0
ap
p = 2 − ⎜ ⎟ or
⎝5⎠
99 p-answers
4
p= p = −1 (7)
5
e
Volume = lbh 9 x ; 2x ; 3x
(x)(2x)(3x) = 3 072
6 x 3 = 3 072 9 (x)(2x)(3x) = 3 072
x 3 = 512 9 answer
x = 3 512
x=8 (4)
[22]
QUESTION 2
2.1 Tn = a + (n − 1)d
9d=4
173 = −7 + (n − 1)(4)
9 Tn = −7 + 4(n − 1)
173 = −7 + 4n − 4
4n = 184
n = 46 9 answer
(3)
a
OR
.z
Tn = 4n − 11 99 Tn = 4n − 11
173 = 4n − 11
9 answer
4n = 184
o
(3)
n = 46
2.2 n
.c
S n = [a + l ]
2 9 subs of n = 46
46 9 subs of a and l
= [−7 + 173] into the correct
2 s formula
= 23 [166 ]
er
= 3 818 9 answer
(3)
OR
ap
n
S n = [2a + (n − 1)d ]
2
46 9 subs of n = 46
= [2(−7) + (45)(4)] 9 subs of a and d
2 into the correct
= 23 [−14 + 180 ] formula
tp
= 3 818
9 answer
(3)
e
2.3 46 9n=1
∑ (4n − 11)
n =1
9 top value = 46
9 4n – 11
tv
(3)
[9]
3.1.1 1 1
r=− 9 r=−
2 2
⎛ 1⎞ 9 answer
T4 = 1⎜ − ⎟ (2)
⎝ 2⎠
1
=−
2
3.1.2 ⎛ 1⎞
n −1
⎛ 1⎞
n
Tn = 4⎜ − ⎟ Tn = −8⎜ − ⎟ n −1
⎛ 1⎞
a
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ 9 4⎜ − ⎟
n −1
⎛ 1⎞
n ⎝ 2⎠
1 ⎛ 1⎞ 1
= 4⎜ − ⎟ = −8⎜ − ⎟
.z
9 substitution
64 ⎝ 2⎠ 64 ⎝ 2⎠
n −1 n
1 ⎛ 1⎞ 1 ⎛ 1⎞
= ⎜− ⎟ OR = ⎜− ⎟ n −1
⎛ 1⎞
o
256 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 256 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 1
9 = ⎜− ⎟
⎛ 1⎞
8
⎛ 1⎞
n −1 8
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
n −1 256 ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎜− ⎟ = ⎜− ⎟ ⎜− ⎟ = ⎜− ⎟
.c
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
8 = n −1 8 = n −1
n=9 s n=9 9 answer
(4)
er
OR
1
T4 = −
2
ap
1
T5 = 9 T5 and T6
4
1 9 T7
T6 = −
8
tp
1
T7 = 9 T8
16
1
T8 = −
32
e
1 9 answer
T9 =
64 (4)
tv
n=9
3.1.3 a
S∞ = 9 substitution into
1− r
4 correct formula
=
⎛ 1⎞ 9 answer
1− ⎜ − ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ (2)
8
=
3
a
9 non-real/no x-
Solution is non-real. values
.z
There is no x-value that makes the sequence geometric. (4)
o
OR
.c
T2 T3
9 =
For a geometric sequence: T1 T2
x +1 x − 3
=
1 x +1 s 9 standard form
x + 2x + 1 = x − 3
2
9 subs in
er
x2 + x + 4 = 0
discriminant
b 2 − 4ac = 1 − 4(1)(4)
= −15 9 non-real/no x-
Solution is non-real values
ap
4.1 17 10 5 2 9 complete
pattern
–7 –5 –3
2 2 9r=1
r=1 9s=2
s=2 (3)
a
OR
.z
NOTE: Candidates may do 4.2 first.
d (n) = n 2 − 10n + 26 9
r = d (5) d (n) = n 2 − 10n + 26
o
= (5) − 10(5) + 26
2
.c
=1 9r=1
s = d (6)
= (6) − 10(6) + 26 9s=2
2
= 12
s (3)
er
OR
d (n) = (n − 5) + 1
2
r = d (5)
ap
= (5 − 5) + 1
2 9
d (n) = (n − 5) + 1
2
=1
s = d (6) 9r=1
tp
= (6 − 5) + 1
2
9s=2
=2 (3)
4.2 2a = 2
a =1 9a=1
e
3a + b = −7 9 method
tv
∴ 3(1) + b = −7
b = −10
∴ a + b + c = 17
9 b = – 10
1 − 10 + c = 17 9 c = 26
c = 26 (4)
∴ d (n) = n 2 − 10n + 26
OR
a + b + c = 17
4a + 2b + c = 10 a + b + c = 17
9 method
3a + b = −7 4a + 2b + c = 10 9a= 1
9a + 3b = −21 9a + 3b + c = 5 9 c = 26
9a + 3b + c = 5 3a + b = −7 9 b = – 10
(4)
− 21 + c = 5 5a + b = −5
c = 26 2a = 2
OR
a + b = −9 a =1
a
4a + 2b = −16 3(1) + b = −7
2a + 2b = −18 b = −10
.z
2a = 2 (1) − 10 + c = 17
a =1 c = 26
o
b = −10 d (n) = n 2 − 10n + 26
d (n) = n 2 − 10n + 26
.c
OR
9 method
2a = 2
a =1
s 9a= 1
er
c = 26 9 c = 26
d (n) = n + bn + 26
2
17 = (1) 2 + b + 26
ap
b = −10
d (n) = n 2 − 10n + 26 9 b = – 10
(4)
OR
tp
n −1
d(n) = [2(first difference) + (n − 2)(second difference)] + d(1)
2
n −1
d ( n) = [2(−7) + (n − 2)(2)] + 17 9 method
2 9a=1
e
n −1 9 c = 26
d ( n) = [− 18 − 2n] + 17 9 b = – 10
tv
2
(4)
d (n) = (n − 1)(−9 − n) + 17
d (n) = n 2 − 10n + 26
OR
(n − 1)(n − 2)
d (n) = (n − 1)d (2) − (n − 2)d (1) + second difference ×
2
2(n − 1)(n − 2) 9 method
d (n) = (n − 1)(10) − (n − 2)(17) + 9a=1
2 9 c = 26
d (n) = 10n − 10 − 17n + 34 + (n − 1)(n − 2) 9 b = – 10
d (n) = n 2 − 10n + 26 (4)
OR
a
9 method
d (n) = (n − 5) + 1
2
9a=1
= n 2 − 10n + 26
.z
9 c = 26
a =1 9 b = – 10
b = −10 (4)
o
c = 26
4.3 d (8) = (8) 2 − 10(8) + 26 9 subs t = 8
.c
OR By symmetry
= 10 m
d (8) 9 answer
s = d (5 + 3) (2)
= d (5 − 3)
er
9 method
= d ( 2)
= 10 9 answer
(2)
OR
ap
P. 99 increasing
Moving away
OR
It is sufficient to show that d is decreasing when n < 5 and increasing when n > 5
e
d (n) = n 2 − 10n + 26 9
d ′(n) = 2n − 10
tv
d ′(n) = 2n − 10
d ′(n) = 2(n − 5)
For n < 5, 2(n − 5) < 0 9 2(n – 5) < 0
d ′(n) < 0 ∴ decreasing 9 decreasing
For n > 5, 2(n − 5) > 0
d ′(n) > 0 ∴ increasing
9 increasing
(4)
[13]
y D
QUESTION 5 C
a
g
B
.z
G x
O H
o
g
.c
A
5.1 x=0
y=0
s 9 answer
9 answer
er
(2)
5.2 f ( x) = −2 x + 8 x + 10
2 9 equate to 0
x 2 − 4x − 5 = 0
ap
( x − 5)( x + 1) = 0 9 factors
x = 5 or x = – 1 9 x-values
H(5 ; 0) 9 answer
(4)
5.3 f ( x) = −2 x + 8 x + 10
2 9 method
tp
f ( x) = −2( x − 2) 2 + 18 9 ( x − 2) 2
Range of f is y ≤ 18 OR y ∈ (−∞ ; 18] 9 18
9 answer
OR
e
(4)
f ( x) = −2 x 2 + 8 x + 10
tv
8
x=−
2(−2)
9 method
x=2 9 x=2
y = −2(2) 2 + 8(2) + 10 9 y = 18
y = 18 9 answer
Range of f is y ≤ 18 OR y ∈ (−∞ ; 18] (4)
OR
9 method
Copyright reserved Please turn over
Mathematics/P1 11 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2012
NSC – Memorandum
5 −1 9 x=2
x=
2
x=2
9 y = 18
y = −2(2) 2 + 8(2) + 10
9 answer
y = 18 (4)
Range of f is y ≤ 18 OR y ∈ (−∞ ; 18]
OR
a
f ( x) = −2 x 2 + 8 x + 10
f ′( x) = −4 x + 8
.z
9 method
0 = −4 x + 8 9 x=2
x=2 9 y = 18
y = −2(2) 2 + 8(2) + 10
o
9 answer
y = 18
(4)
Range of f is y ≤ 18 OR y ∈ (−∞ ; 18]
9 substitution g(1)
(2)
er
g (1) =
1
g (1) = 16
C(1 ; 16) lies on both the graphs of f and g
ap
OR
16 9 equating
− 2 x 2 + 8 x + 10 =
x
9 answer
− 2 x + 8 x + 10 x − 16 = 0
3 2
(2)
tp
x − 4x − 5x + 8 = 0
3 2
( x − 1)( x 2 − 3x − 8) = 0
x = 1 or x 2 − 3x − 8 = 0
C(1 ; 16)
e
5.5 p ( x) = f (3 x) 9 3x = 2
2
tv
3x = 2 NOTE:
9x=
Answer Only: Full Marks 3
2
x= 9 y = 18
3 (3)
2
TP ( ; 18)
3
OR
24
9 x=−
p ( x) = −2(3x) 2 + 8(3x) + 10 2(−18)
= −18 x 2 + 24 x + 10 2
9x=
3
Copyright reserved Please turn over
Mathematics/P1 12 DBE/Feb.–Mar. 2012
NSC – Memorandum
24 9 y = 18
x=− (3)
2(−18)
2
x=
3
2
TP ( ; 18)
3
OR
a
p( x) = −2(3 x) 2 + 8(3 x) + 10
= −18 x 2 + 24 x + 10
.z
9 0 = −36 x + 24
p ′( x) = −36 x + 24
0 = −36 x + 24 2
9x=
o
2 3
x= 9 y = 18
3
(3)
.c
2
TP ( ; 18)
3
s 9
OR 2
⎛ 2⎞
p ( x) = −18⎜ x − ⎟ + 18
⎝ 3⎠
er
p ( x) = −2(3x) 2 + 8(3x) + 10
= −18 x 2 + 24 x + 10 2
2 9x=
⎛ 2⎞ 3
= −18⎜ x − ⎟ + 18
9 y = 18
ap
⎝ 3⎠
2 (3)
TP ( ; 18) [15]
3
e tp
tv
6.1 f ( x) = 3 x
9 answer
f −1 ( x) = log 3 x
(1)
6.2 y −1
f ( x) = log 3 x
(Log Graph)
9shape
f 9x-intercept
f ( x) = 3 x
a
(Exponential Graph)
9shape
.z
(0 ; 1) f -1 9y-intercept
(4)
o
x
(1 ; 0)
6.3 x>0
s .c 99 answer
er
(2)
OR
x ∈ (0 ; ∞ )
ap
OR
g ( x) = −
1 x
( ) 1
3 OR g ( x) = − f ( x) 9 – (sign)
tv
9 9
1
9
9
(2)
[13]
QUESTION 7
7.1 88 9
× 850 000 88
100 × 850 000
= R 748 000 100
9 answer
OR (2)
a
12
× 850 000 9
100 12
× 850 000
.z
= R102 000 100
Loan amount = R850 000 – R102 000 9 answer
= R748 000 (2)
o
7.2 ⎛ 0,09 ⎞
12
1 + ie = ⎜1 + ⎟ 0,09
.c
⎝ 12 ⎠ 9
12
ie = 0,09380689
9 substitution
r = 9,38% p.a s 9 answer
≠ 9,6% 9 decision
Not correct (4)
er
OR
i
9
⎛ i ⎞
12 12
ap
1 + 0,096 = ⎜1 + ⎟ 9 substitution
⎝ 12 ⎠
12 1,096 = 1 +
i
12
i
1,007668183 = 1 +
tp
12
i = 0,092018201
9 answer
r = 9,2% p.a 9 decision
≠ 9% (4)
e
Not correct
7.3 x[1 − (1 + i ) − n ]
tv
Pv = 9 subs into
i
correct
⎡ ⎛ 0,09 ⎞
− 240
⎤ formula
x ⎢1 − ⎜1 + ⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎥⎦ 0,09
748 000= 9i=
0,09 12
9 n = – 240
12
9 answer
x = R 6 729,95
(4)
7.4 x[1 − (1 + i ) − n ]
Pv =
i
⎡ ⎛ 0,09 ⎞ −n ⎤ 9 subs into
7 000⎢1 − ⎜1 + ⎟ ⎥
⎢ ⎝
⎣ 12 ⎠ ⎦⎥ correct
748 000= formula
0,09
12
−n
561 ⎛ 0,09 ⎞
= 1 − ⎜1 + ⎟
a
700 ⎝ 12 ⎠
−n
⎛ 0,09 ⎞ 139
.z
⎜1 + ⎟ = 9 simplification
⎝ 12 ⎠ 700
⎛ 0,09 ⎞ 139
− nlog⎜1 + ⎟ = log 9 use of logs
o
⎝ 12 ⎠ 700
n = 216,35 months
.c
= 18,03 years 9 answer
(4)
OR s
x[1 − (1 + i) −12n ]
Pv =
er
i
⎡ ⎛ 0,09 ⎞ −12n ⎤ 9 subs into
7 000 ⎢1 − ⎜1 + ⎟ ⎥ correct
⎢⎣ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎥⎦ formula
748 000=
ap
0,09
12
−12 n
561 ⎛ 0,09 ⎞
= 1 − ⎜1 + ⎟
700 ⎝ 12 ⎠
tp
−12 n 9 simplification
⎛ 0,09 ⎞ 139
⎜1 + ⎟ =
⎝ 12 ⎠ 700
⎛ 0,09 ⎞ 139 9 use of logs
− 12nlog⎜1 + ⎟ = log
e
⎝ 12 ⎠ 700
n = 18,03 years
9 answer
tv
(4)
[14]
QUESTION 8
8.1 f ( x) = 9 − x 2
f ( x + h) = 9 − ( x + h) 2 9 substitution
= 9 − x 2 − 2 xh − h 2
f ( x + h) − f ( x) = −2 xh − h 2 9 simplification
− 2 xh − h 2
f ′( x) = lim
a
h→0 h 9 formula
h(−2 x − h)
= lim
.z
h→0
9 common factor
h
= lim(−2 x − h)
h→0
= −2 x 9 answer
o
(5)
OR
.c
f (x + h ) − f (x ) 9 formula
f ′( x ) = lim
h→0 h s
= lim
9 − (x + h ) − 9 − x 2
2
( ) 9 substitution
er
h→0 h
= lim
( )
9 − x + 2 xh + h 2 − 9 + x 2
2 9 simplification
h→0 h
− 2 xh − h 2
= lim
ap
h→0 h
h(− 2 x − h ) 9 common factor
= lim
h→0 h
= lim(− 2 x − h )
h→0 9 answer
tp
= −2 x (5)
8.2.1 Dx [1 + 6 x ]
⎡ 1
⎤ 1
= Dx ⎢1 + 6 x 2 ⎥ 9 6x 2
e
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
9 answer
1
− (2)
= 3x
tv
8.2.2 8 − 3x6 9 x −5
y=
8 x5 3
9 x
1 3 8
= 5− x
x 8
3 9 − 5 x −6
= x −5 − x 3
8 9 −
dy 3 8
= −5 x − 6 − (4)
dx 8 [11]
QUESTION 9
y
g
A(− 1 ; 0) C(3 ; 0) x
O
D(0 ; − 6)
f
a
.z
E B
o
9.1 f ( x) = a ( x + 1) 2 ( x − 3) 99 substitution of
x-values
− 6 = a (0 + 1) 2 (0 − 3)
9 subs (0 ; – 6)
.c
− 6 = −3a
a=2 9a=2
f ( x) = 2( x 2 + 2 x + 1)( x − 3)
= 2 x 3 − 2 x 2 − 10 x − 6
s 9 simplification
(5)
er
9.2 f ′( x ) = 6 x 2 − 4 x − 10 9 f ′( x) = 6 x 2 − 4 x − 6
9 f ′( x) = 0
6 x 2 − 4 x − 10 = 0
ap
3x 2 − 2 x − 5 = 0 9 factors
(3x − 5)( x + 1) = 0
5 9 x-value
x= or x = −1
3 9 y-value
tp
⎛5 512 ⎞ (5)
B⎜ ; − ⎟ OR B(1,67 ; − 18,96)
⎝3 27 ⎠
9.3 h( x) = 2 x 3 − 2 x 2 − 10 x − 6 − (6 x − 6)
9 h( x) = 2 x 3 − 2 x 2 − 16 x
= 2 x 3 − 2 x 2 − 16 x
e
9 h′( x) = 6 x 2 − 4 x − 16
h′( x) = 6 x 2 − 4 x − 16
9 h′( x) = 0
tv
0 = 3x 2 − 2 x − 8
0 = (3x + 4)( x − 2) 9 factors
4
x=− or x = 2
3
4 9 correct x-value
∴x=−
3
(5)
[15]
QUESTION 10
a
g ′( x) = 6 x 2 + 2 px + q
9
g ′(1) = 5
.z
g ′( x) = 6 x 2 + 2 px + q
5 = 6(1) 2 + 2 p(1) + q 9 subs x = 1 and y = 5
−1 = 2 p + q 9 simplification
o
9 p-value
p = −3 9 q-value
.c
q=5 (6)
[7]
QUESTION 11
s
er
y
9 x-intercepts
9 turning point
ap
99 shape
[4]
f
tp
1
/2 2 3 x
−1 − /3 1
e
tv
QUESTION 12
12.1 x, y ∈ N 0
x + y ≤ 100 y ≤ − x + 100 99 x + y ≤ 100
x ≤ 50 OR x ≤ 50 99 x + 2 y ≤ 180
9 x ≤ 50
x + 2 y ≤ 180 1
y ≤ − x + 90 (5)
2
a
12.2 999 each constraint
Large tables
170
160
.z
150
9 feasible region
140
(4)
130
o
120
110
.c
100
90
A(20 ; 80)
80
70 s
60
er
50
FEASIBLE
REGION
40
30
20
10
ap
Small Tables
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230
(1)
12.5 Maximum at A (20 ; 80) 99 answer
20 small tables and 80 large tables. (2)
12.6 P = qx + 400 y
e
q
m=− q
400 9 m=−
tv
q 1 400
−1 ≤ − ≤− 9 20 0 ≤ q ≤ 400
400 2
20 0 ≤ q ≤ 400
(2)
[15]
TOTAL: 150
za
QUESTION 12.2
Large tables
170
160
o.
150
140
.c
130
120
s
110
er
100
90
A(20 ; 80)
80
70
60
50
p ap
40
FEASIBLE
REGION
et
30
20
10
tv
Small tables
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230
Copyright reserved