 Truthfulness- is about accepting,
understanding and presenting any
truth.
 Relevance- is how appropriate
something is to
 what is being said at a given time.
 The judgement of ideas, point of
view, and arguments presented in
text or other platforms are
important for students’ growth as
independent thinkers.
 In order to develop a sound
framework to test arguments and
enrich point of view, one should
know how to analyze and to
critically evaluate truthfulness and
relevance of the information.
It is only through sound judgment and
worth of ideas that you students can
distinguish among challenging claims for
truth.
How can we judge a reading text?
 Judgement in reading is the ability
to make considered decisions or
come to sensible conclusions while
considering the text’s details.
This generally help the readers in analysis
of information presented.
You have to remember that reading is
goal-oriented activity. You read for a
purpose.
A text is said to be relevant if
it matches to with the reader’s
goal.
How do you know that an idea in the
text is relevant/irrelevant?
 A relevant idea contains
information that supports the
context, a message or theme of
the material and it consists of
factual data.
 Irrelevant idea contains other
information not related to the
context, message or theme of the
material; therefore, not important.
How do you know that an idea is
truthful?
 The ideas or information are
considered truthful when it fits
the fact and it is verifiable (it
can be proven). One must undergo
fact checking before accepting an
information.
 Moreover, critical thinking is an
essential skill that allows you to
hand-pick truthful information.
Genres of Viewing Materials
Genre- classification of the materials we
are viewing.
1. News flash – a single item of
important news that is aired separately
and often interrupts other programs.
Examples:
24 Oras News Alert, Flash Report
2. Weather report – tells and foretells
weather conditions on a specific area.
Examples:
I Am Ready, Weather-weather Lang
3. Internet-based program – a
program that is informative and can be
accessed through the website.
Examples:
DepEd Commons, Slideshare, Youtube
4. Movie Clip/trailer – a short clip from
a film that is usually released as teaser of
an upcoming movie.
Examples: Movie trailer of Hello, Love,
Goodbye
5. Documentary – research-based
reporting that deals with a specific topic
and format.
Examples: Frontrow, I-Witness
“Romeo and Juliet” is a play written by
William Shakespeare.
 It is a tragic love story where the
two main characters, Romeo
Montague and Juliet Capulet, are
supposed to be sworn enemies but
fall in love. Due to their families'
ongoing conflict, they cannot be
together, so they kill themselves
because they cannot cope with
being separated from one another.
Romeo and Juliet are a
Shakespearean tragedy.
 Tragedy- branch of drama that
treats in a serious and dignified
style or sorrowful or terrible events
encountered or caused by a heroic
individual. The term may be also
applied to other literary works,
such as novel.
Validity
• is the extent to which a concept,
conclusion or measurement is well-
founded and likely corresponds accurately
to the real world.
• refers to the “Soundness and
Strength” of an argument.
• The word "valid" is derived from
the Latin “validus”, meaning strong.
To judge the validity of the evidence
listened to, you need to employ various
skills and understanding of the text. Your
values, prior knowledge or schema or
experiences may help you arrive with a
correct judgement.
Examples of Valid Sources
• Journal Articles
• Books
• Published Articles
Listening is probably the most important
skill one must possess in order to gather
information.
To be an effective listener you must
concentrate on hearing/ receiving,
understanding the message,
remembering, and evaluating the
message.
Evidence
• is an information that supports a
claim and argument presented in the text.
Types of Evidences
Testimonial Evidence
• are statements of truth from a
certain person made under oath in a court
or testimonies offered to prove the truth
of the matter.
Example:
• That’s the guy I saw robbing the
grocery store.
Anecdotal Evidence
• are collected in a casual or
informal manner and relying heavily or
entirely on personal testimony.
Example:
• After living for decades in Quezon,
I can honestly say that the people there
are kind and hospitable.
Statistical Evidence
• is a collection of observations that
have been organized, validated, and
gathered in a way that allows them to be
expressed in mathematical form.
Examples:
expert's name and see what information you can
find on him or her.
The following are other resources
that you could consult if the
information you have listened to has
validity:
Scholarly Articles
- are written by “experts” in academic or
professional fields.

• 75% of women in Tayabas City….. Examples:

• 8 out of 10 pediatricians Case Studies, Research Papers, Technical

recommend… Papers, Academic Journals

Analogical Evidence Magazine Articles

• comparisons between two things, - is a specific text that can be found in a

usually for the purpose of explanation or magazine or newspaper.
clarification.
Newspaper Articles
Example:
- discusses current or recent news of
• If we are going to ban firearms, either general interest or of a specific
we should also ban cars because they topic.
cause many more deaths that firearms do.
The writer’s credentials are most often
To determine if the source you are those of a journalist. Check who published
consulting has validity, consider the the source, the purpose of the source,
following questions: when it was created/updated, and its
content. Also see if it has any potential
1. Who is the author of the source? bias and, if a webpage, provides
What are his or her credentials? Is he or she a
references or reliable links to other
recognized expert in the field? Is he or she
representing an organization? If so, what are the
sources.
organization's mission and goals? If you are
unsure, try doing a research on the author or the
organization.

2. How did the source get its

information?
If the source includes references, look at a few of
the references. Does the author cite the sources
correctly? Do the sources provide reliable
information? Use your best judgment.

3. What if the source you have found does

not have references?
If a source does not include references, see if you
can check the information in other ways. For
example, if you are looking at a news article that
quotes experts in a field, do a research on the