MIDTERMS REVIEWER #1

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

HUMSS 12 | SEM 1 2023

○ The author’s words already convey a

PARAPHRASING powerful meaning
○ You can no longer word the information
● Effective for longer sentences or a group of simpler
sentences ○ You want to introduce the author’s stand
● Suitable for elaborating on the author’s main idea by using their own words
explaining it in your own words ○ You want to show concrete evidence
○ You want to highlight a particularly striking
TYPES MEANING sentence
○ You want to make sure your readers know
Change of ● Allows writers to replace the words are not your own
words with a new part of ● How to quote
parts of ○ Use the ICE method:
speech, such as noun with a
speech verb or an adjective with an ■ Introduce - make sure to mention
adverb the author’s full or last name, any
significant background, and a signal
verb
Change of ●
■ Cite - follow the expected format
structure when quoting
- if you want to insert your own
● words or change the capitalization of
Clause a word, put them inside square
reduction brackets ([])
- if you want to remove words,
● Involves the change of use ellipses (...)
Synonym - if you want to emphasize
words in the sentence with
replacement words, place the words in italics, and
similar words
state that the emphasis is your own
(e.g., informative [emphasis added])
PLAGIARISM ■ Explain - back up the quote with
your own words, explanations, and
● Claiming ownership of material that is not your own reasoning
● How to avoid BIBLIOGRAPHY
○ Paraphrase your content
○ Use quotations ● Came from the greek words ‘biblion’ and ‘graphia’
○ Cite your sources which means ‘book’ and ‘to write’ respectively
● Lists all the sources
TYPES MEANING

● Also known as copy-paste ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Word-for-word
plagiarism
Plagiarism ● A unique form of bibliography providing a short
summary or analysis of sources
Word Order ● Involve changing the verb ● List of citations followed by a brief summary or
from the active voice to the analysis of your sources, aka annotations.
Plagiarism ● The annotations give information about the relevance
passive voice, or vice
versa, and moving and quality of the sources you cited through a
modifiers to different 150-250 word description
positions ● This is used to better understand the subject and
sources to help create a thesis
Idea Plagiarism ● When a writer changes
some of the word of the STEP-BY-STEP WRITING
authors by looking at the
synonyms of the word and ● Step 1: Analysis of sources
replacing them to look as if ○ Look for author’s qualifications and
they were own credentials, along with the date of the study
○ Make sure the journal is distinguished and
Phrases ● reviewed by professionals in the field
○ The sources should pass the CRAAP test:
Plagiarism ■ Current: The sources must be
up-to-date
■ Relevant: The information must be
related to the topic and should
QUOTING answer the question
■ Authoritative: The author must have
● Involves taking what the author said and repeating it authority to write about the topic
word-for-word ■ Accurate: The information must have
● Usually used for phrases or short sentences evidence
● Used with shorter phrases or sentences ■ Purposeful: The reason for
● Recommended when you want to make sure the publishing the source
original idea of the author is introduced as is ● Step 2: Create your annotation
● When to quote ○ There are different ways you can create
annotations
MIDTERMS REVIEWER #1
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
HUMSS 12 | SEM 1 2023

● Includes the author’s name, date of publication,

TYPES MEANING publication company, journal title, and a DOI (Digital
Object Identifier)
Descriptive ● Gives a brief overview or
summary of the text. This CITATION STYLES
(Indicative)
can include a:
○ Description of the
● Dictates what information is necessary to include,
contents and
how it should be organized, what punctuations to
statement of the
use, and other formatting concerns
main argument
● The style to be used will depend on the academic
○ Summary of the
discipline involved
main points; can
include topics or
chapter titles TYPES MEANING

American ● Used in education,

Summary ● Provides a summary of psychology, and the social
different sources Psychological
(Informative) sciences
● Describes the main Association ● Consists of guidelines to
arguments or points (APA) ensure clearness and
● Shows why the source was consistency
essential ● Selection of headings, tone,
length, and citation of
Evaluation ● Also known as a critical, it references are few of its
includes an analysis of the elements
work ● In-text citation (Short
● Summary of essential ideas, quotations)
judgements—negative, ○ Last name, Year,
positive, or both—about their Page number (e.g.,
quality (Ilao, 2023, p. 71)
● Begins with broad ● In-text citation (Long
comments, then moves to quotations)
more details, and then the ○ 40 words or more
evaluative comments ○ Starts ½ inch from
left margin
○ Parenthetical citation
Combination ● Combination of all three
● Citations for authors
types of annotations into the
○ Two authors: &
annotated bibliography
○ Three authors or
more: Et. al
FORMATS MEANING ○ Government agency
or non-profit
Phrases ● Short phrases providing the organization:
information in a quick, mention full name
concise manner the first time; then
abbreviations after
● Complete sentences with ○ Multiple citations: list
Sentences
proper punctuation and according to order
grammar, should be short ● Footnotes (format)
and concise ○ A number in
superscript after the
text
Paragraphs ● Used for longer annotations. ○ Found at the bottom
It can be very effective for of the page
combination annotations. ○ “Footnotes” page
after “References”
● Step 3: Annotated Bibliography Format ● Footnotes for content
○ All annotated bibliographies have a title, ○ Provide
annotation, and citation supplemental
○ The three main bibliography styles used material
include MLA, APA, and Chicago ○ Provide additional
■ An APA annotated bibliography is references found
used for science and technical online
papers. It includes an APA citation ● Footnotes for copyright
and APA formatting for headers and ○ If paper has directly
title. quoted more than
500 words
○ Includes the “From”
CITATION or “Adapted from” in
footnotes text
● Way to give credit to the authors
● It is also used to more easily locate particular ● Normally used in the
sources and to avoid plagiarism Modern
humanities
MIDTERMS REVIEWER #1
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
HUMSS 12 | SEM 1 2023

Language ● Containers - larger ○ Last name Year,

collection where the source Page number (e.g.,
Association
text was found (e.g., short (Ilao 2023, 71)
(MLA) story (source)contained in an ● In-text citation (short
anthology (container)) quotations)
● Core elements that should ○ Placed in quotations
always be included: marks
○ Author ○ Citation comes after
○ Title of source the closed quotation
○ Title of container mark and before
○ Other contributors punctuation
○ Version ● In-text citation (long
○ Number quotations)
○ Publisher ○ Block paragraph
○ Publication date style is used
○ Location ○ Starts on a new line
● URL (Uniform Resource with ½ inch
Locator) indention from the
● In-text citation (authors and left
works) ○ Citation comes after
○ Last name Page the quotation, if
number (e.g., (Ilao author is mentioned
71) in introductory
○ Two authors: and statement, cite only
○ Three authors or the date and page
more: Et. al
● In-text citation (short
quotations)
○ Placed in quotation
marks and citation is
placed after the
closed quotation
mark
● In-text citation (long
quotations)
○ More than 30 lines in
length
○ Starts in a new line
with ½ inch tab from
the left margin
○ New paragraphs
start with an
additional ¼ inch tab
● Adding or omitting words
○ Bracket ([]): adding
○ Ellipsis (...): omitting
● Endnotes (format)
○ A number in
superscript after text
○ Endnotes found
before Works Cited
Page
○ Used for explanatory
or content notes:
gives additional
information

Chicago/ ● Usually used by the physical,

natural, and social sciences
Turabian
● Has two basic
documentation systems:
○ Notes and
bibliography -
preferred in the
humanities
(literature, history,
and the arts)
○ Author-date - used
by those in the
sciences
● In-text citation (authors and
works)