TLE 9 (Campus Journalism)

LESSON 14.3: TV Broadcasting

I. Main Topic: TV Broadcasting

II. Overview

A. Introduction: In this lesson, the students are going to learn the art of storytelling
through the lens of TV broadcasting, where every frame captures the essence
of truth and every word resonates with the power to inform, engage, and inspire.

B. Learners: Grade 9

C. Time Frame: April 10, 2024

III. Learning Unit: Tips on TV Broadcasting

Know the Television Speech

What to do before the camera

Radio and TV Terms

Signals used in Practice Broadcast

What is TV BROADCASTING?

➢ A form of broadcasting that transmits video

signals through radio waves from
transmitters to antenna receivers.

Tips on TV Broadcasting
1. To begin with, the broadcast media speaker must be aware of the basic
difference between radio and television. Radio is entirely aural (sound). TV is
both aural and visual. In radio, the listener only hears the words spoken; in
television, the listener not only hears the words spoken but also sees the
speaker.
2. In television, the addition of the camera, results in even more realism. It can
show waves breaking on the crags, or a group of student activist fighting the
police. Basically, the words of radio and television broadcasters can be the
same.
3. In radio, speech has to be spontaneous as in newscasts. It requires no
preparation, and material can be secured by phone or in person. Meaning is
received by ear.
 4. Television is bimodal. Meaning is received not only by ear, but by eyes as well.
Thus, the message is supplemented by gesture and facial expression.
5. As you begin your telecast, your viewers hear your message and see you
together with all the visual cues.

Television Speech
1. Speak slower and pause for emphasis. Transition is longer in radio speaking.
2. Avoid long pauses and slow rate or you may lose or distort the meaning of what
is being said.
3. Avoid over-emphatic vocal delivery and “high pressure” vocalizing for this will
mark your television image.
4. Use a variety of voice qualities, rate and pitch, but avoid an overly excited tone,
a very fast speaking rate and a very positive assertiveness.
5. Your delivery should be somewhat softer than radio speaking but it should
remain more enthusiastic, animated and conversational.
6. Keep your voice reasonably animated within conversational limit as you are “a
guest in the homes of your viewers.”

BEFORE the Camera

1. Clothes, personal appearance, posture and poise, and gesture and body
language are useful in television.
2. Before facing the camera, find out ahead of time where you are going to stand
or sit if an actual audience is present in the studio; how far you may safely move
without getting beyond the focal depth or angle of the camera or outside the
lighted area.
3. Arrange for special makeup to make you appear natural.
4. Choose clothes for pattern and color to give life to your image without creating
a bizarre effect.
5. Tone down your jewelry or accessories. Too shiny objects (even beads of
perspiration on the face) may glitter in the bright light.
6. Focus on an imaginary person. Talk to him. Do not be conscious of the
microphone since this will be overhead, on your lapel or hidden.
7. Appear warm, pleasant and cordial. Avoid gazing or concentrating on the
camera. Think of yourself conversing with two or three persons.
8. Be lively, spontaneous and enthusiastic. Above all, know what you are going to
say.
9. Talk to the audience, not to the camera if you are speaking to a live audience
(in the studio).
10. Use enough movements and gestures to keep the presentation alive but do not
overact before the camera. You will look amusing rather than impressive, if you
do. If you are speaking without a studio audience, think of yourself in the living
room of your listener with one or two guests.
11. You may stand up to speak, especially if you have something to point out if you
are seated behind a table, at a desk or an easy chair. Here, be natural, easy
and informal in your movements, but in animated conversation.
 12. Avoid stiff sitting position. Change your position frequently in order to lend
variety to the view. Use your hands to emphasize and clarify your point.
13. You may lean forward or move your head to identify transitions, but your
gesture must be very moderate using hand and forearm movement.
14. Avoid declamatory gesture. Look at the camera frequently but don’t glare at it
continuously if you want to give impression of direct eye contact with your
listeners. Look away slightly, then look back again.
15. Talk, don’t read. Do not depend so much on your manuscript or notes. If you
must read your notes, look at the camera frequently.

RADIO and TV TERMS

➢ Across the Board: on the air every day, same time.
➢ Ad Lib: speaking lines not in script, speaking without a script.
➢ Boom: music or sound used in transition.
➢ Bridge: music or sound used in transition.
➢ Commercial: a sponsored program or paid announcement.
➢ CU: close-up shot.
➢ Dry run: rehearsals before camera rehearsals where sets, dialogs, speeches
and other needs are perfected.
➢ Fade in: gradual increase in volume of music, sound or speech.
➢ Fade out: gradual decrease.
➢ Fan: to-turn the camera left or right.
➢ Playback: playing record or tape for audition purposes.
➢ Remote: a program set outside of the studio originating from a far place.
➢ Setup: arrangement of mike, sound, music and other needs in the studio.
➢ Tape: any of the titles used in a program or movie film, cards, slides.

SIGNALS USED in Practice Broadcast

✓ Cue: director flicks index finger, arm
stretched out at performer signaling
that he is about to start speaking,
playing a song or doing sound
effects.
✓ Cut: index finger drawn across
throat as if cutting it.
✓ Faster: index finger extended and
whole hand drawing imaginary
circle on air.
✓ Louder: lifting both hands, palms
upward twice.
✓ OK: thumb and first finger form
circle, indicating everything fine.
✓ Slowdown: draw hands apart
slowly as if pulling imaginary rubber band.
✓ Stand by: arm extended upward with palm open to let participants know
program is about to begin.
✓ Station Break: action with clenched fist as though breaking a block of bricks.
 ✓ Time Signals: one minute, one finger extended; two fingers and so on. Index
finger of one hand across index finger of other hand means one-half minute.

Reference:

Cruz, C. J. (2010). Campus journalism and school paper advising (2nd ed.). Sampaloc
Manila: Rex Bookstore, Inc.