SCI

ENCE,
TECHNOLOGYAND
SOCIETY

SUBMI
TTEDBY:Lui
sC.Per .
ezJr
BS-
CRI
M 1A

SUBMI
TTEDTO:Mr
.Ar
tAnt
honyZ.Muni
o
Facul
ty,
Col
legeofAr
tsandSci
ence
 I
mpactofChemi
str
yinourSoci
ety

Nearlyev eryaspectofourdai lylivesisi mpact edbychemi stry.Thoughwemi ght

notbeawar eofi t,chemi stryhasabi ginf l
uenceonoursoci ety'
spol i
ti
cal,societ al,
economi c,and env ironment alaspect s.One oft he mostobv iousar easwher e we
typicallysee chemi str
y '
si mpacti st hroughoutt he env ir
onment .Chemi stryhas a
significanti mpactonsoci etyasawhol easwel lasont hingsl iket echnologyand
chemi calpr oduct s.Themi crobeadst hatar epr esentinsev eralski n-careproduct sarea
significantcomponentoft hist hathas r ecent l
y gai ned publ i
c at t
ention.These
mi croscopi cpl asticf ragment sar efl
usheddownt hedr ainwher et heypi ckupchemi cal s,
bact eria,andot herdanger ousel ement s.Theyev entuallyendupi nourl akesandoceans.
Althought hesepr ov idebenef it
sf orpeopl e,theyal sohav edrawbacks.Sci entist
si nt his
fi
eldal sosy nthesi zenewphar maceut i
cals,testt hem,andi mpr ov ethem.Ther eisal ot
oft rialander rori nv ol
v ed,butt heyper sev erei nt heirquestt opr oducet hepr ecise
medi cat ions r equi red.Because phar maceut icalsci ence i nvestigates how v arious
phar maceut icalsint eractchemi callywi ththechemi calsinhumanbodi esandbecause
humanor ganismsar esocompl ext hatsci entistsonlyhav eapar ti
alunder standingof
them,phar macyi sf undament altothest udyofchemi str
y.‘Thesechemi stscollaborat e
withr esear cher sf rom a v ari
ety ofdi scipl
ines,i ncluding bi ologists,toxicologists,
phar macol ogists,t heor eti
calchemi sts,mi crobi ol
ogists,andbi ophar macists.Wi t
hout
theser esear chers,t hedev elopmentofnewdr ugs,subst ances,andmedi cati
onsf orthe
societ ywoul dbei nper ilanddanger .
 Ther
oleofmat
hemat
icsi
nthemoder
nwor
d

Thev alueofmat hemat icsgoesbey ondt hespher esofschool andt hewor kplace.
Itinfl
uencesourdai l
ydeci sionsandi spresenti nar easofl i
fethatwear en'
tev enawar e
of.Mat hi susedf orev er ythi
ng,f rom picki ngt henextphonet obuy i
ngmi lk,cooki ng,
drivi
ng,orr emodel i
ngabat hroom.I ndivi
dualDev elopmentHav i
nghi ghcogni tiv
eski l
l
s
i
sdi rectl
ycor relatedwi thmat hpr ofi
ciency .Ourbr ainist r
ainedtot hinklogicall
yint he
realwor ldthr ought hispr ocedur e.Wegai nt heabi lit
yt omakeconnect i
ons,det ermine
causeandef fectr elati
onshi ps,spotpat terns,anddr aw conclusi
ons.I tassi st
susi n
analyzing many scenar ios and maki ng t he bestdeci si
on.Pr oblem- solvi
ng:Mat h
enhancespr oblem- solvingabi lit
iesbydev elopingal ogicalsenseandcr i
ti
calthinking
capabi l
it
ies.Wor dpuzzlesandequat i
onsr equirepat ienceandski l
l,whi char equaliti
es
thathel pusdealwi t
hl ife'schal l
enges.Mat ht rainspeopl et o appr oachpr oblems
criti
call
ybutcr eati
vely.Itai dst hem i nwei ghingt heev i
dencel ogicallyrathert han
emot ionally
.I nessence,i tdev elopspeopl e'spr oblem- solvi
ngski l
ls.Appl i
cationsof
geomet r
ychal lengeourcr eati
veandv isualf aculti
es.Mat himpr ovesourabi l
i
tyt o
visuali
zeandt ransformi deas.I tincreasesouref fi
ciencywhenwesol v emat hproblems
ment all
yr athert hanbyhand.
 Ther
elat
ionofphy
sicsengi
neer
ingandt
echnol
ogy

Engi neer i
ng technol ogy i st he appl icati
on of mat hemat icaland phy sical
princi pl
est or eal-
worldt echni calissues.Engi neer ingt ransf ormst hought sintor eal i
ty
becausei tdependsont heappl i
cationofmat hemat icsandsci encet ot hepr oduct i
onof
usabl epr oduct sort echnol ogies.Phy sici
st scanbebr oadl ydividedi ntot wogr oups:
pur ephy si
ci stsandappl i
edphy sicists.Whi leappl iedphy sicist
sl ooki ntoissuesi n
technol ogyandi ndustry,ast henamei mpl ies,purephy sicistsst udysci encef orthel ov e
ofi t.Meanwhi leappliedphy si
cistsl ookati ssueswi tht echnol ogyandi ndust r
y ,ast he
namei mpl ies.I saacNewt on, Mar i
eCur i
e, orSt ephenHawki ngmaycomet omi ndwhen
yout hinkofphy si
cist
s.Engi neeringi sanear lyent irelyappl iedsci ence.Thedi fference
bet weenengi neeri
ngandappl i
edphy sicsi sthatengi neer sar efarmor ei nterestedint he
appl icationofasci ent i
fi
ct heor y,t ool ,ort echni que.Unl ikephy sicists,t heyar el ess
i
nter est edi nt hetheor ybehindt heappr oacht akent ot ackl ethei ssue.Pur ephy sici
st s
andappl iedphy si
cist
sar et het womai ncat egoriesi ntowhi chphy sicistscat egor ize
themsel v es.Sci ence i s somet hing t hatpur e phy sicist sl earnf ori ts own sake.
Meanwhi le, appl i
edphy sicistslookati ssueswi t
ht echnol ogyandi ndust ry,asthename
i
mpl ies.
 Nanosci
enceandt
echnol
ogy

Thef i
eldofsci enceknownasnanosci enceandt echnol ogyexami nessy stems
andper for msoper ationsonmat teratt heat omi c,molecul ar,andsupr amolecularsizes.
Nanosci enceandnanot echnol ogyi nv olvet heabi l
itytoseeandmani pul
atei ndivi
dual
atoms and mol ecul es.On such a l engt h scal e,quant um mechani caland sur face
boundar yef f
ectsbecomer elevant,conf erring pr opert
iesonmat eri
alst hatar enot
observabl eonl arger ,macr oscopi clengt hscal es.At omsmakeupev erysinglei t
em on
Earth,includingt hef oodweconsume,t hecl ot
hi ngwewear ,thehomesandst r
uctures
we l i
vei n,and ourown bodi es.Fur thermor e,due t ot he impor tanceofquant um
mechani calef f
ect si n nanomet er-
sized st ructures,these pr oper t
ies aref r
equent l
y
dif
ferent f rom macr oscale count erpar ts. Nanosci ence i s at t he f orefr
ont of
contempor aryr esear ch.Exper ts with super i
ornanosci ence under standing and t he
abil
ityt oappl yt hatknowl edget onew pr oduct sar eneededbyt her egion'squickly
expandi ngi ndustr y.Inor dert osuppl yi ndust ryandr esear chor ganizati
onswi t
ht op-
notchexper tswhohav eagener albackgr oundi nthev arioussubdi scipl
ines,suchas
el
ect r
oni cs,physi cs,chemi str
y ,mat erialsci ence,andbi ot echnol ogy,whi l
eal sobei ng
expertsi nonespeci fi
cf i
eld,amul ti
disci pl
inar yscientif
iceducat ioni sessential.Thisis
whatt hemast er'
spr ogram hast ooffer .
 Adv
ancedt
echnol
ogyormagi
c

Whi l
emagi cisanext ensionofy ourwhol ebei ng,t echnol ogyi sat ool.Tohel p
youunder standhowt hatwor ks,let '
scompar eedi t i
ngpr ogr amsonat echcomput erto
thoseonamagi ccomput er .Technol ogyt hati sei thert echni callydev el
opi ngbuthas
relati
velyfew user sort hathassomet echnicalmat ur i
ty.Ar ti
f i
ciali ntelli
gence,agent s,
handwr iti
ngandspeechr ecogni tion,v ir
tualr ealityandv isualization,smar tcar ds,r eal-
ti
me col labor ati
on,i mpr ov ed user aut hent i
cat ion,dat a mi ning,and knowl edge
managementar esomeexampl esofmoder nt echnol ogies.Tost reaml i
neandopt imize
tasksandnecessi t
ieslikeuni tt est i
ng,v ersioncont rol
,out l
ining,andmanagedcode,
adv ancedt echnol ogyandt heI Tpr of essi
onal si nv olv edi ni t
sdev el opmentar eneeded.
Adv ancedmanuf acturi
ngi sal sonecessar yint hesear east oef fectivelypr oducet he
goodst hatenabl eindust r
yi nnov at ions.Addi tional ly,cr i
ticaltechnol ogysect orsliket he
space i ndust ry and v erticalf ar mi ng ar ei mpact ed by adv anced manuf acturing
technology l ike manuf actur ing r obot s and aut onomous r obot s.I n a si mi l
arway ,
adv ancedt echnol ogyinf l
uencest hesof t
war ei ndust rybyaut omat ingandi mpr oving
crucialITpr ocesses.Thesei ncludet heaut omat edbui ldv er i
fi
cat ionandt her iseof
i
nt egrat
ed dev el
opmentenv i
ronment s,whi ch mi nimi ze codi ng er ror s and of fera
dashboar dwi thaccesst ot hewhol esetofdev elopmentt ool s.Wheni ndust ryexper ts
discussmanuf act uri
ngt echnol ogy ,theyar et alkingaboutaspect rum ofmachi net ools
thatr angef rom ext r
emel yadv ancedmanuf actur ing.Adv ancedmanuf acturi
nguses
bot hmanuf act uri
ngt echnol ogyandadv ancedt echnol ogyt oi mpr ov epr ocessesand
product sthroughoutt hesuppl ychai n.
 Cl
imat
echange:f
act
orsandsol
uti
on

Ther eisampl eprooft hatcl i

mat echangei sar ealit
y.Al thought heear th'
s
cli
mat ei schangi ng, i
tiscleart hatr ecentef f
ect sarehav i
ngat err
ibl
ei mpactonagr eat
numberofpeopl e,pl aces,andani mal s.Cont inuer eadingt ofindoutmor eaboutt he
causes,ef fect
s,and wor kabl e sol uti
onst o hal t
ing climat echangei fy ou wantt o
under st andwhati ttrulyisandwhyi tmat ters.Thet erms" climatechange"and" global
war mi ng"hav e pr obablybeen used i nterchangeabl y.That ’s because bot h discuss
alterationst othecl imateoft heear t
h.Cl i
mat echangeof t
enr eferst ochangesi n
element sl i
kepr ecipitati
on,wi ndpat t
erns,andt emper atur esov eracer t
aint i
meper iod,
asopposed t o gl obalwar mi ng,whi ch concent rateson t hepl anet '
sr ising av er age
temper at ur
e.Sincet heear th'scr eat i
on,t herehasbeencl imat echange.I tt akespl ace
whenev erthepat ternsoft heear t
h'scl i
mat eal t
erandper sistforadi scer nibleper iodof
ti
me.I thaspar t i
cular l
yshownupi nt henat ur alcyclesofcool i
ngandwar mi ng.Fi v
e
primar ycomponent sinteractedwi thoneanot herascl imat i
cchangeshappenedbef ore
human causes began t o i nf l
uence t he wor l
d's cl imat e. Cl i
mat e change and
def orest ati
onfrequent l
ygohandi nhand.I naddi ti
ont oi ncr easingdef orestat i
onduet o
wildf i
resandot herext r
emeweat her,def orestat i
onal sopl ay sasi gnifi
cantr olei ngl obal
war mi ng.Mor eenv i
ronment allyf r
iendlyener gyopt i
onscoul dr esultint hecr eationof
mi l
lionsofnew j obsandbi ll
ionsofdol larsi neconomi cgai ns.Her ear esomedoabl e
strategi esy oumayuset ocombatcl imat echange.
 Gr
eenandr
enewabl
eener
gies

Greenener gyi sener gyt hatder iv

esf r
om r enewabl er esources,sucht hesun.
Cleanener gyi st hatwhi chdoesn' temi tpollutantsintot heat mospher e,andr enewabl e
ener gyi sder ivedf rom nat ur all
yr eplenishingsour cesl ikehy dropower ,wi nd,orsol ar
ener gy.Nat ionalGr i
dst ory" Standi ngupt ot hecl i
mat echangechal lenge“ Renewabl e
ener gyi s der ived f rom nat urallyr eplenishing sour ces l ike wi nd and sol arener gy.
Renewabl eener gysour cesar et heant ithesisoff ossilfuel s,suchascoal andgas, which
areaf i
nite ener gy sour ce.Renewabl e energy i s al so f requent l
yr eferred to as
sust ai
nabl eener gy .Addi t
ional l
y ,burningf ossilfuelsf orener gycont ributest ocl i
mat e
change.Al thought het er
ms" gr eenener gy"and" renewabl eener gy"ar ef requentlyused
i
nt erchangeabl y,ther eisacr uci alandoccasi onallyper plexingdi f
ferencebet weent hem.
Whi lethemaj ori
tyofr enewabl eener gysour cesar ealsoconsi deredt obegr een,notall
oft hem ar e.Takehy dropower ,
fori nstance.I nthisarticle, we'l
lexami nedi f
ferentforms
ofr enewabl eener gy ,howt heydi ff
erfrom oneanot her,andhowt hey '
reassi stinginour
transitionawayf rom awor ldr eliantonf ossilfuels.Renewabl eener gyi spr oducedby
usingnat urallyoccur r
ingr esour cest hatr eplenisht hemsel v
esov ert i
me.Youwon' t
typicallyhav et owor ryaboutar enewabl er esourcer unni ngoutt otall
y ,event hough
therei sn'
tani nfinitesuppl yoft hem atanygi vent i
me.Becauseoft hi
s,mor eandmor e
peopl ear epr omot i
ngt heuseofcl eaner,renewabl eener gysour ces.
 Technol
ogyandeconomi
cs

I
nt hefiel dofeconomi cs,itiscommonl yacknowl edgedt hatt echnol ogyi st he
primar yf orcebehi ndt heeconomi cexpansi onofnat i
ons,regi ons, andci ti
es.Prosper it
y
Economi cs,whi chhast endedt ouser elati
velyl ow dimensi onalr epr esentati
onsof
reali
tyi nt heabsenceoft heset ools,hast endedt owor kwithr elativ elyl owdi mensi onal
represent at i
ons ofr ealit
y .Technol ogicaladv ancementenabl es t he mor e eff i
cient
product ionofmor eandbet tergoodsandser vi
ces.Howev er ,ther isi ngaccessi bili
tyof
mor ei n-dept hinf ormat i
onaboutsoci alphenomenamakest headopt i
onofi nstrument s
thatmayt akeuseoft hisi nformat ionalrichnessext remelyv al uabl e.Pr osper i
tydepends
ont hemor eeffect iv epr oduct i
onofmor eandbet tergoodsandser v ices, whichi smade
possibl e by t echnol ogical adv ancement . Howev er,the mechani sms by whi ch
technol ogyi scr eat ed, adopt ed, andusedi npr oduct ionarei ntricat e.Thei rmor ei n-dept h
analysismayl eadt of reshi nsight swi t
hsi gnif
icanti mpli
cat ionsf ormanypol i
cyar eas,
i
ncludi ng sci ent i
fic pol i
cy ,R&D pol icy,i ndust r
ialpol i
cy,and nat ionaland r egi onal
developmentpol icies.I nr eal i
ty,itisnow possi blet ostudyt hei deaoft echnol ogyas
wellast hesoci etalandi ndi vi
dualcapaci ti
esnecessar yf ori tsdev el
opmentataf ar
mor ei n-dept hl ev el,pot ent i
allyr esulti
ngi ncont ributi
onst hatcoul daf fecteconomi c
growt h,j ob cr eat ion,and hi gher educat i
on.Sci enti
fi
c knowl edge,t echnol ogical
development ,economi c act i
vity,and human ski ll
s arer epr esent ed by sci entifi
c
publications, pat ent s,indust ri
es, vocat i
ons, andgoods.