Assignment 1 – Mechanical Operations

Lecture: Dr. Eng. Nguyen Huu Hieu HCM City, 21/01/2024

Name: To Nguyen Hoang Phuc
Student ID: 2212650
Class: TN01

Question 1: Using Appendix 8,9 to find out the viscosity of the air and
water at 25℃ in cP.
Based on Appendix 8, we get the viscosity of the air and water vapor:
Viscosity of air (X:11; Y:20) = 0.018 cP at 25℃
Viscosity of water vapor (X:8; Y:16) = 0.01 cP at 25 ℃
Based on Appendix 9, we get the viscosity of the liquid water:
Viscosity of the liquid water (X:10,2; Y:13) = 0.95 cP at 25℃
Question 2: A mixture of 𝑶𝟐 , 𝑵𝟐 , 𝑯𝟐 in water at 20℃ which the mole
fraction is 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 respectively. Calculate the viscosity of this gas
mixture.
Based on Appendix 8, we get the viscosity of each components in the mixture at
20℃:
Viscosity of 𝑂2 (X:11; Y:21,3) = 0.0205 cP
Viscosity of 𝐻2 (X:11,2; Y:12,4) = 0.009 cP
Viscosity of 𝑁2 (X:10,6; Y:20) = 0.018 cP
Viscosity of water vapor (X:8; Y:16) = 0.0098 cP
𝑀𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 0.2 × 32 + 0.3 × 28 + 0.4 × 2 + 0.1 × 18 = 17.4 g/mol
𝑀𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 17.4
𝜇ℎℎ = 𝑦 ×𝑀 = 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 = 0.01655 cP
∑ 𝑖 𝑖 0.0205
×32+
0.018
×28+
0.009
×2+
0.0098
×18
𝜇𝑖

Question 3: An emulsion contains: oil dispersed in water at 30 ℃ which

25 volume % of oil. The viscosity of oil is 1.2 times viscosity of water at
the same temperature. Calculate the viscosity of this emulsion.
With the data in Appendix 9, the viscosity of the liquid water at 30℃:
Viscosity of the liquid water (X:10,2; Y:13) = 0.85 cP at 30℃
So the viscosity of oil at 30 ℃ = 1.2× 0.85 = 1.02 cP
1 𝑦𝑖 0.25 0.75
=∑ = +
𝜇𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑙 𝜇𝑖 1.02 0.85
=> 𝜇ℎℎ = 0.887 cP

Question 4: A suspension includes 30% weight of solid particles dispersed

in water at 25℃. The density of the particles is 2000kg/𝒎𝟑 . Calculate the
viscosity of this suspension.
At 25℃, the density of the liquid water is 1000kg/𝑚3
Calculating the volume fraction of the particles dispersed, we have:
0.3
2000
𝜑= 0.3 0.7 = 0.1765
+
2000 1000

Also, the viscosity of the liquid water at 25℃ is 0.95 cP

Because 0.1 ≤ 𝜑 ≤ 0.3, we use this equation:
0.59 0.59
=> 𝜇ℎℎ = 𝜇𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 × (0.77−𝜑 2
= 0.95 × (0.77−0.1765)2 = 1.59 cP
𝑟)

Question 5: Determine the density of the air at 1 atm and 20℃ if

conisumine the air an ideal gas.
𝑀𝑎𝑖𝑟×𝑃𝑎𝑖𝑟 29×10−3 ×273×1
𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 = = 22.4×10−3 ×293×1 = 1.2063 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
𝑅×𝑇𝑎𝑖𝑟
Question 6: Return the problem with the mixture of gas in Question 2.
Calculate the density and kinetic viscosity of that mixture.
From the Internet, we get the viscosity of each components in the mixture at
20℃:
Density of hydrogen: 0.0813
Density of oxygen: 1.331
Density of nitrogen: 1.165
Density of water vapor: 0.804
Density of mixture:
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 0.0813 × 0.4 + 1.331 × 0.2 + 0.3 × 1.165 + 0.1 × 0.804
= 0.72862 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
Kinetic viscosity of the mixture:

𝜇 1.655×10−5 𝑃
𝛾 =
𝜌
= 0.72862 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 = 22.71 × 10−6 𝑚/𝑠 2 = 22.7 cSt
(Note: Given the density of the gas components which can be found from the
Internet)
Question 7: Calculate density and kinetic viscosity of the emulsion in
Question 3.
At 30℃, the density of oil and the liquid water are 900 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 , 995.67 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
respectively.
We have:
0.25 × 900
𝑥𝑜𝑖𝑙 = = 0.2315
0.25 × 900 + 0.75 × 995.67
=> 𝑥𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 1 − 0.2315 = 0.7685
1 𝑥𝑖 0.2315 0.7685
=∑ = +
𝜌𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝜌𝑖 900 995.67
=> 𝜌𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 971.76 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3

𝜇 0.887×10−3 𝑃
Kinetic viscosity : 𝛾 =
𝜌
= 971.76 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 = 0.913 × 10−6 𝑚/𝑠 2 = 0.913 cSt
Question 8: Calculate density and kinetic viscosity of the emulsion in
Question 4.
At 25℃, the density of solid particles and the liquid water are 2000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 ,
1000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 respectively.
Because a suspension includes 30% weight of solid particles dispersed in
water at 25℃, we have:
𝑥 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 = 0.3 => 𝑥𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 1 − 0.3 = 0.7
The density of the suspension:
1 𝑥 1−𝑥 0.3 0.7
= + = +
𝜌 𝜌𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 2000 1000
=> 𝜌𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 1176.5 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
The kinetic viscosity of the suspension:

𝜇 1.59×10−3 𝑃
=> 𝛾 =
𝜌
= 1176.5 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 = 1.3515 × 10−6 𝑚/𝑠 2 = 1.3515 cSt