UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN

FACULTY OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

TRIMESTER: JAN 2024

UJMC3013 CORPORATE CRISIS MANAGEMENT

ASSIGNMENT 1 – 30%

NAME STUDENT ID

ONG YUNG QI 2000118

TEE MUN SHUIN 2002511

Marking Rubric

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 WRITTEN REPORT MARKING RUBRIC

ELEMENT 1 mark 2 marks 3 marks 4 marks MARK

Content No relevant Little relevant Some of the Almost all of
contents are in contents are in relevant the relevant
the essay. No the essay. contents are in contents are in
clarity. Lacking clarity. the essay. May the essay. Error ____x5
have errors. free. Good
Clarity is clarity.
somewhat
present.

Concept The report The report The report The report

demonstrates a demonstrates s demonstrates a demonstrates a
lack of atisfactory und good clear
understanding erstanding of understanding understanding ____x5
of the key key concepts of of the key of the key
concepts of the the project. concepts of the concepts of the
project. project. project.
Language The report is The report is The report is The report is
poorly written, poorly written, written to an well written,
with many with several adequate with minimal
language language academic level, language ____x5
errors. errors. with some errors, and
language meets
errors. academic
standards.
Structure The report The report The report The report
content is content is content is content is
structured structured structured in a structured ____x5
poorly. poorly but in adequate clearly with
logical manner. manner. minor
mistakes.
Reference Poor Acceptable Satisfactory Good
referencing referencing referencing referencing
and citation; and citation; a and citation and citation ____x5
most of the few sources with mostly with
sources are not may not be authoritative authoritative
authoritative authoritative sources sources
enough included included
TOTAL /100%
Conversion to 20% /30%

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

No Content Page

1 Marking Rubric 2

2 1.0 Introduction 3-5

3 2.0 The role and importance of the crisis center 5-6

4 3.0 The service and prevention provided by MIASA 7-9

Malaysia

5 4.0 The ongoing awareness or educational programmes 9-11

provided by the crisis centre.

● 4.1 Ongoing Awareness Efforts

● 4.2 Educational Programmes

6 5.0 The advantages and disadvantages of a crisis centre. 11-13

● 5.1 Advantages and disadvantages of a crisis center
● 5.2 Advantages and disadvantages of MIASA
Malaysia

7 6.0 Conclusion 13-14

8 References 15-16

9 Appendices 17

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1.0 Introduction

According to Collins Dictionary (n.d.), when disaster or any other emergency, a

crisis center would serve as a central point to receive and share information, as well as to

coordinate actions, normally seen as an agency or an office. In other cases, a crisis center

could also be a telephone answering service, which we often recognize as a hotline, to help

people to obtain help and advice during a personal crisis. These facilities usually are run to

counsel those who call for help (Merriam-Webster, n.d.). To be precise, a crisis center is

aimed to provide immediate support and assistance to the individuals who are

experiencing a crisis, either mental health crisis, or other situational crises such as

domestic violence, traumatic events, substance abuse, and so on. They either provide

counseling to us or provide guidance in actions to address the occurring emergencies,

which unravel the essence of crisis prevention and crisis intervention. For instance, if an

individual living in a rural area is experiencing mental breakdown, he or she may get help

through calling a crisis hotline as it will be his immediate source of professional guidance

and support. Crisis centers could also be a referral, as they will evaluate our cases and

introduce us to other parties and organizations that could address our issues better.

There are several types of crisis centers, which they may vary in terms of their focus

and types of crises they address. For example, mental health crisis center who aim to

provide immediate assistance to victims who suffering mental health crisis like suicidal

ideation. There are also domestic violence shelters for individuals who are escaping

abusive relationships, substance abuse crisis centers to support individuals who are

struggling with substance abuse disorders, sexual assault crisis centers to support

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survivors from sexual assault or abuse, disaster response centers that addressing natural

disasters as well as human-made disasters like mass shootings, and so on. In short, these

crisis centers generally would offer emergency assistance, in-person counseling, support

groups, legal advocacy, or outreach programs to assist individuals in crisis and help them

navigate through difficult situations and rebuild their lives. For example, One Stop Crisis

Centre in Malaysia is a great example of crisis center, where it provides comprehensive

services for victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, child abuse, neglection. OSCC

supports victims by providing immediate medical treatment, psychological support,

referral services and even legal assistance (One Stop Crisis Center, n.d.).

2.0 The role and importance of the crisis centre.

Mental Illness Awareness & Support Association (MIASA) stands as a beacon of hope

and solidarity for those navigating the complexities of mental health in Selangor.

Established in September 2017, MIASA Malaysia is more than just an NGO; it's a

community-driven initiative dedicated to fostering understanding, empowerment, and

support for individuals facing mental health challenges. At the core of MIASA Malaysia's

mission are four pillars of service, each meticulously designed to address various facets of

mental health advocacy and peer support. They are Awareness, Advocacy, Relief Support,

and Livelihood Support. These pillars thrive on the principle of peer empowerment,

recognizing the power of shared experiences and mutual support in the journey towards

mental wellness (Mental Illness Awareness & Support Association, n.d.).

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 Beyond its programmatic endeavors, MIASA Malaysia is driven by a profound

commitment to destigmatizing mental illness and promoting holistic recovery. Recognizing

the profound impact of education in dismantling stigma, MIASA Malaysia conducts targeted

outreach efforts to educate the public, caregivers, and peers about mental health, dispelling

myths and fostering understanding along the way. MIASA Malaysia also advocates

tirelessly for systemic change within mental healthcare systems, aiming to amplify patient

perspectives and needs among professionals. Additionally, MIASA Malaysia extends a

lifeline of relief support to those navigating mental health challenges, grounded in a holistic

care model that addresses biological, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions.

Through its network of professionals, peer patients, and volunteers, MIASA Malaysia

creates a nurturing environment where individuals can find solace and support on their

journey to wellness. Moreover, recognizing the intrinsic link between mental wellness and

socioeconomic stability, MIASA Malaysia empowers diagnosed peers with the tools and

resources needed to reclaim agency over their livelihoods. Through tailored training and

workshops, MIASA Malaysia fosters a sense of purpose and belonging, empowering

individuals to carve out meaningful roles within society (refer to Figure 1).

By championing a recovery model centered on empowerment, autonomy, and a

rights-based approach, MIASA Malaysia cultivates a culture of resilience and hope within

its community. In a world where mental health issues are often marginalized or

misunderstood, MIASA Malaysia serves as a beacon of compassion and solidarity. It is a

testament to the resilience of every individual who refuses to be defined by their diagnosis,

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as well as the unwavering support of caregivers, mental health professionals, and

advocates alike.

3.0 The service and prevention provided by MIASA Malaysia

MIASA Malaysia offers a comprehensive range of services and prevention initiatives

to support individuals grappling with mental health issues. In crisis management, effective

communication follows a three-stage model: Pre-Crisis, Acute-Crisis, and Post-Crisis (BCM

Institute, n.d.). During the Pre-Crisis phase, warning signs are identified and support

systems are activated. The Acute-Crisis stage involves immediate intervention and

communication to mobilize resources and provide guidance. Post-Crisis efforts focus on

recovery and prevention, with communication aimed at debriefing, counseling, and

community support.

In the Pre-Crisis stage, MIASA focuses on preventive measures and early

intervention strategies to mitigate mental health challenges before they escalate. Through

educational initiatives, webinars, workshops, and the dissemination of informational

resources, MIASA aims to increase mental health literacy, enhance self-efficacy, and break

down stigma and discrimination surrounding mental illness. Additionally, their Counseling

Service and Psychological Services provide individuals with tools and coping strategies to

manage stress, anxiety, and depression, thereby reducing the risk of crisis situations.

During the Crisis stage, MIASA operates a crisis hotline staffed by trained

volunteers, offering free and confidential support for individuals experiencing mental

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health or emotional crises. This vital resource provides a lifeline for those in distress,

offering a listening ear, emotional support, and guidance during times of acute need.

Furthermore, MIASA's Crisis Team Management and Circle Time & Circle of Care platforms

offer additional avenues for peer support and crisis intervention, enabling individuals to

connect with others, share their struggles, and access immediate assistance when required.

In the Post-Crisis stage, MIASA focuses on recovery, rehabilitation, and long-term

support for individuals who have experienced mental health crises. Through therapeutic

interventions, MIASA provides Art Therapy, Speech and Drama classes, dance classes, and

art classes, allowing individuals to express their thoughts, emotions, and feelings creatively.

This serves as an empowering avenue for both children and adults to build confidence and

effective communication skills. Additionally, MIASA's Employment Supported Program and

Livelihood Support initiatives empower diagnosed peers to regain agency over their lives

and reintegrate into society. As part of their advocacy efforts, MIASA established the

StigmaWatch Platform to monitor and respond to reports of stigmatization and

discrimination faced by mental health peers. They also organize outreach campaigns, such

as the Miasa Reach Out Campaign in 2018, to spread awareness and understanding of

mental illness within society. Furthermore, MIASA collaborates with Food4u to host 'Santai

Minda Sihat Bersama MIASA' events, providing health screenings, mental health

assessments, and other support services on a monthly basis.

MIASA Malaysia is committed to increasing mental health literacy and breaking

stigma through webinars, workshops, and educational resources available on their

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website's FAQ page. They operate a crisis hotline, staffed by trained volunteers, providing

free, 24/7 support for those struggling with mental health or emotional issues.

Additionally, MIASA extends access to their services through the B40 program, ensuring

that marginalized communities have the support they need.

In leveraging multimedia platforms, including podcasts, videos, blogs, and e-books,

MIASA utilizes various tools to prevent mental crises and disseminate awareness

effectively. These initiatives collectively embody MIASA's commitment to fostering a

supportive and inclusive environment for individuals navigating mental health challenges

in Malaysia. By embracing a holistic approach to mental health support across the Pre-

Crisis, During Crisis, and Post-Crisis stages, MIASA Malaysia strives to empower

individuals, promote resilience, and ensure that no one faces mental health challenges

alone.

4.0 The ongoing awareness or educational programmes provided by the crisis

centre.

4.1 Ongoing Awareness Efforts

Mental Illness Awareness & Support Association (MIASA) Malaysia has been putting

effort in raising awareness of the public towards mental health and illness, covering

various topics such as depression, anxiety, stigma reduction and so on. The crisis center

spread awareness through various forms of media such as videos, podcasts, e-book and

hyperlinks of related online resources. All of this information is available on their official

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website and social media platforms such as Instagram and Facebook, providing easy access

to the public. Through this initiative, it can help the public to be more knowledgeable in the

field of mental health, allowing them to have empathy and more understanding towards

those who are suffering from mental illness in Malaysia.

First and foremost, MIASA Malaysia has been working on reducing social stigma

towards mental health patients by letting the public have a glimpse into their world. In

MIASA Malaysia’s official websites, there are various videos covering topics on mental

health. Among them is a video of a documentary project accessible in MIASA Malaysia’s

official website, FINE: Frightened, Isolated, Numb, and Exhausted as shown in Figure 2. It

introduces the perspective of patients with diverse mental illnesses such as bipolar

disorder, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and anxiety. On top of that, it also emphasizes

what goes on inside of a mental illness support group (MIASA Malaysia, n.d.). By having this

documentary available on their website, it allows the public to view the documentary

anytime and anywhere, promoting awareness on mental health issues and reducing social

stigma towards the patients.

Moreover, MIASA Malaysia has been actively increasing the public’s awareness

towards mental health through their e-book available on their official website as shown in

Figure 3. Through this initiative, it educates both the public and individuals suffering from

mental health issues. For the public, there are informative and useful guides on how they

could help those with mental health illness, along with raising awareness of social stigma in

MIASA Malaysia's e-book. On the other hand, for those with mental health issues, it also

provides information on where they could seek help such as calling psychosocial support

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hotlines in Malaysia and consulting a counselor (MIASA Malaysia, 2021). Through this

approach, public awareness towards mental health will be increased, ultimately promoting

a more supportive community for the advocacy of mental health.

4.2 Educational Programmes

In addition, MIASA Malaysia has launched MIASA Academy in 2023, whereby the

organization provides various training programmes to educate the public on mental health

and ways to help those with mental health issues. For instance, one of the training

programmes provided is “Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Traning (ASIST)”. In this

training programme, it provides the participants with practical skills to lend immediate

support and professional life-saving skills to people with suicidal risks (MIASA Malaysia,

n.d.). With this, it can reduces the risk of suicides among the public through early

identification of those suffering from mental health issues.

5.0 The advantages and disadvantages of a crisis centre.

5.1 Advantages and disadvantages of a crisis center

There are numerous types of crisis centers to address different crisis such as mental

health crisis centre, domestic violence crisis centre, sexual assault crisis center and so on.

This brought us to one of these crisis centers' advantages which is it offers services by

professionals who are experts in that specific field. For example, One Stop Crisis Centre

(OSCC), established by Malaysia’s Ministry of Health, offers help by trained staff to those

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specifically suffering from domestic violence, child abuse, neglect and sex assault (Mygov,

n.d.). Through this, it can provide relevant help to those in need.

However, one of the disadvantages of these crisis centers is that most of them have

limited resources to help all of those in need. These limited resources include manpower,

budget and people with relevant expertise. For instance, according to Aiman (2023),

Mental Health NGOs in Malaysia have expressed their worries over Putrajaya’s lack of

financial support due to Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim not allocating funds to support

them in the 2024 national budget. Therefore, this brings back to the point that most crisis

centers have resource restraint, making it hard to help those in need.

5.2 Advantages and disadvantages of MIASA Malaysia

One of the advantages of MIASA Malaysia is that it offers a 24-hour crisis helpline

and Crisis WhatsApp. Through this, it can offer immediate support to those in need. On top

of that, not only does it provide a helpline, it also provides WhatsApp for text messages.

This allows help to individuals who prefer text messaging instead of phone calls, offering

help to more individuals with suicidal attempts.

Moving on, the second advantage of MIASA Malaysia is that it offers diverse types of

programs to help those suffering from mental health. For instance, there are islamic

spiritual therapy, webinars and workshops, art therapy, physiological services and so on

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(MIASA Malaysia, n.d.). This indicates that MIASA Malaysia has a lot of approaches to help

those suffering from mental illness. By looking at it from another side, individuals with

mental illness can also choose the programmes that are most suitable for them.

On the other hand, the disadvantages of MIASA Malaysia is that the cost for

counseling services is relatively high. As shown in Figure 4, only B40 groups have the

advantage of being free-of-charge for counseling services offered by MIASA Malaysia,

whereby individuals that are not from B40 group will be charged at a relatively high price.

Additionally, there are individuals whose family members do not want to provide financial

support for them to attend counseling due to social stigma. According to Rajagopal et al.

(2023), social stigmatization towards mental illness remains prevalent among Malaysians.

In short, due to lack of financial support, many individuals will not be able to access

counseling services offered by MIASA Malaysia, potentially leading to the increase of

mental health patients.

Furthermore, the information provided in MIASA Malaysia’s official website, such as

e-books, online resources, podcasts, videos might not be available to those living in rural

areas. On top of that, MIASA Malaysia does not provide services like physical visitation for

counseling services, making it hard for those living in rural areas, where Internet

connection is poor.

6.0 Conclusion

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 In conclusion, a crisis center offers help to individuals experiencing crisis through

providing helpline and other services such as therapy, counseling services and so on. In

Malaysia, there are various types of crisis centers, where all of them focus on providing

help in specific crises that may arise. For instance, OSCC offers help to those facing

domestic violence, child abuse and sexual assault crisis. On the other hand, MIASA Malaysia

offers help to those facing crisis related to mental health.

By looking into MIASA Malaysia’s services, they provide various services such as 24-

hour helpline and programmes such as art therapy. All of these services contribute to

helping those with mental health illness. This crisis center has been putting effort in

promoting awareness towards mental health issues through letting the public be aware of

social stigmatization towards mental health patients, educating the public on mental health

topics. In addition, they also have education programmes to equip the public with practical

skills in order to help more individuals that suffer from mental illness.

With the ongoing services and benefits provided by MIASA Malaysia, more

individuals suffering from mental health issues will have a chance to receive help, reducing

the risk of suicidal attempts. However, MIASA Malaysia needs to make improvements on

providing more on-site services to those living in the rural areas, giving them opportunities

to receive help.

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References

Aiman, A. (2023, November 2). NGOs lament lack of funding for mental health in budget.

Free Malaysia Today.

https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2023/11/02/ngos-lament-

lack-of-funding-for-mental-health-in-budget/

BCM Institute(n.d.). Identify the Stages of A Crisis.

https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2023/11/02/ngos-lament-

lack-of-funding-for-mental-health-in-budget/

Crisis center definition and meaning | Collins english dictionary. (n.d.).

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/crisis-center

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Crisis center definition & meaning. Merriam-Webster.

https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/crisis%20center

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MIASA Malaysia. (n.d.). Videos.

https://www.miasa.org.my/videos.html

MIASA Malaysia. (n.d.). About Us.

https://www.miasa.org.my/about.html

MIASA Malaysia. (2021). World Mental Health Day 2021. Mental illness awareness &

support association (MIASA). https://infomiasa.wixsite.com/website

MIASA Malaysia (n.d.). MIASA Academy.

` https://www.miasa.org.my/miasa-academy.html

Mygov. (n.d.). One Stop Service Center.

https://www.malaysia.gov.my/portal/index

One stop crisis centre (OSCC) - portal myhealth. (n.d.-b).

http://www.myhealth.gov.my/en/one-stop-crisis-centre-oscc/

Rajagopal, V., Stephenson, J., & Ousey, K. (2023). Mental illness stigmatisation among

Malaysian adults: a systematic review. British journal of nursing (Mark Allen

Publishing), 32(20), 988–994. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2023.32.20.988

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Appendices

Figure 1: MIASA Malaysia. (n.d.). About Us. https://www.miasa.org.my/about.html

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 Figure 2: MIASA Malaysia. (n.d.). FINE Frightened, Isolated, Numb and Exhausted.

https://www.miasa.org.my/videos.html

Figure 3: Mental illness awareness & support association (MIASA). (n.d.). MIASA's e-Book.

https://infomiasa.wixsite.com/website

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Figure 4: MIASA Services Provided. (n.d.). MIASA Malaysia.
https://www.miasa.org.my/miasaservices.html

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