The Impact of Overseas Filipino Workers (OWFs) to the academic

performance of Grade 10 students in Sico 1.0 Integrated National High School.

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in English 10

Presented to
Mrs. Rosalie L. Bustamante

Aclan, Justine B.
Babao, Joe Chris V.
Calleja, Regine R.
Ricaplaza, Angel C.
Rubio, Nicole V.
Grade 10 - Earth
Table Of Contents ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

I. THE PROBLEM
Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

Statement of the Problem ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

Significance of the Study -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4

Hypothesis

Scope and Limitation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

Definition of Terms ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7

Related Literatures -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

III. METHOD AND PROCEDRES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9

Methodology

Respondents ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10

Sampling

Description of the Research Instrument ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11

Data Gathering Procedure

Data Analysis----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12

IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERTATION OF DATA

Results of the Study

Chapter 1

The Problem

Introduction

Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) are regarded as the modern day heroes for their sacrifices abroad to give their
families better lives. They are the people with Filipino citizenship who reside in other country to a limited period of
employment. They choose to work in another countries to work and produce high income and sustain the needs of their
family, especially their children in terms of education. And as a parent on the vital roles that must be consider is to be
serious in raising a child. Due to the fact that kit is not easy to send their children to formal education, it is also different to
guide them because of the miles of distance between them.
Being an OFW may have also positive or negative consequences for children left at home. On the other hand
parents often get better paid jobs abroad, providing their children with more financial and educational resources and
fostering social and school achievement. They may feel the thing called homesick but despite they need to focus on their
goal, to earn money. Even though they forfeit about everything in order to allow their kid what they want like taking their
child to superb schools or giving every desires to them. There are assorted hard jobs that they can non eschew.
Children develop in the care and lead of their parents. They grow vigorous because of their parents. According to
Reyes (2008), with this huge number of Filipino migrants leaving the country temporarily, more pressing concern is
regarding children being left behind remained unnoticed. But growing without their parent on their side has a great
consequence on their children’s personality and conduct. The children may grow vicious and uncouth because no one can
instruct them and correct them and explicate to them exact thing that they should accomplish. The child may disclose
worries about parents or other family members getting hurt or killed and may feel responsible for protecting them from harm.
Kids are also very perceptive to what a parent at home is feeling.
Students with OFW parents are oftentimes devoid of attention and proper guidance that only parents of in fact
families can provide. These are inconsistencies in imposing discipline and lack of moral support from both parents which
affect the child’s social and emotional adjustments. Having no proper discipline and guidance, these children may resort to
anti-social behavior, they by serving as threats to society. They may also be intellectually affected by losing interest in
school and this lack of motivation makes them perform less academically.
The present study was designed to investigate the parenting of overseas and non - Filipino workers: its impact to
the academic performance of the students in Sico 1.0 Integrated National High School.

1
Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to find out the Parenting of Overseas and Non – Overseas Filipino Workers; Its impact to the
academic performance of the students in Sico 1.0 Integrated National High School.

1. What is the profile of the students having OFW and non – OFW parents in terms of:
1.1 age
1.2 gender
1.3 grade and section
1.4 average last year
2.What is the student’s academic performance with OFW and non – OFW parents?
3.Is there a significant relationship between effects of having OFW parents to the level of academic performance of the
student?
4. What are the difficulties This study aimed to find out the Parenting of Overseas and Non - overseas Filipino encountered
of the student?
5. Based on findings, what enhancement activities for the students was develop.

Significance of the Study

The generalization of this present study would be a great contribution to the vast knowledge in relation to student
achievements. Vital result of this investigation could be highly significant and beneficial specifically to the following:
Student, they are the student with OFW and non - OFW parent. In this study, the finding of this research will inform,
enlighten and become beneficial to those students of Sico 1.0 Integrated National High School with overseas and non -
overseas parent.
Parents, they will be gaining insight of as to what their child is experiencing academically while they are away. This study
will help them be aware of the performance of their child and actions to be done to improve their academic skill.

Teacher, the support system that the students need in order to grow academically in the absence of their parents. Will serve
as the guide of the students while they are in school and will help them deal with the consequences of their parent away.
Community, for they also play a vital role in the development of every learners. The school is part of the community so the
parent of the learners must be inform of what their child is going through in terms of academics. Community also plays a
vital role in raising a child.

Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis -Theirs no impact to the academic performances of Grade 10 students because first and foremost, they
don't care about their children as long as they have money to send to their children because they have a new family there,
so they just send money to their family, but what their family doesn't know is that it turns out there is a family there, so they
don't care what impact it will have on their children.
Alternative Hypothesis -Theirs a parents are concerned if his being OFW have an impact on his studies. Because it is very
painful for a parent to be separated from their children, especially if they are still in another country, it is appropriate for a
parent to inquire whether being an OFW affects his education. because there are children who have a big impact on their
studies.

Scope, Limitation and Delimitation

This study is delimited to those students who is not suited with the profiling and students of other schools. The study
focused on the parenting of overseas and non - overseas Filipino workers: its impact to the academic performance of
students in Sico 1.0 Integrated National High School. This research in interested on the level of academic performance of
the students as well as the academic performance with OFW and non – OFW parents. It also in clude the significant
relationship between having OFW parents to the student’s academic performance and difficulties encountered by the
students.
The research is limited only on 50 students with parents as OFW and another 50 students with non – OFW parents
that study in Sico 1.0 Integrated National High School.

Definition of terms
In order to further understand this study. Here are the terminologies given with connotative and denotative meaning.
Academic performance is a belief upon which one acts by an individual (Bulatao 1961) the term means the performance of
the students academically, good at studying or passing exams.
Remittances off set any financial hardship brought about by being in household with only one parent present Gorodzeisky of
2005 in this study the term means the amount of money sent by overseas parents.
Educational institutions an established organization takes care of people for a usually long period of time (Feijgin, et. al.,
2010) in the study the term means the department of government that focuses on education.
Cognitive involving consciousness mental activities such as thinking and understanding (Brooks – Gunn, Han and
Waldfagel, 2002) in this study the word means the ability to think or process ideas.
OFW seeks out new opportunities not only improving their earning capacity but also in being exposed to different learning
experiences that develops their socio – cultural depth as an individual. Tulao and Cabuay (2012), in this study the term
means the Overeseas Filipino Workers who works abroad.
Parental authority the concept of the natural right and duty which parents have over the person and property of their
unemancipated children includes caring for and rearing of such children for civic consciousness and efficiency and
development of their moral, mental and physical character and well being (Padilla, 2012] in this the word means the
responsibility of the parents to their children.

Chapter II
 Review of Related Literature and Studies
This chapter must compose of related literatures and studies and related readings. The researchers has gone
through intensive readings of materials, both printed and downloaded through internet which has a great significance to
problem during the course of thesis writing.
This chapter also shows and discuss the synthesis of the state of the Art, Gap bridged of the study as well as the
Conceptual Framework

Related Literature
RA 8042, also known as the Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995, established the focus of policy on
overseas workers. Among other things, it provided for deregulation of the functions of POEA and broadened the mandate of
the OWWA. This was amended in January 2007 to strengthen the regulatory powers of POEA. The new law, RA 9422
requires the POEA to inform OFW’s of their rights as workers and as human beings and to provide mechanisms to ‘’redress
violation of their rights” as necessary. The law mandates that Filipino workers can only be deployed in the countries where
the Philippines ‘’ has concluded bilateral labor agreements or arrangements’’ and “that has such countries shall guarantee
to protect the rights of Filipino migrants workers” as well as “observe and/or comply with the interventional laws and
standards for migrant workers’’
The concept of parental authority and who shall exercise the same is the natural right and duty which parents have
over the person and property of their unemancipated children which includes caring for and rearing of such children for civic
consciousness and efficiency and development of their moral, mental and physical character and well being (Padilla, 2012)
In the case of the Philippines, absent mother often ‘’ employ paid domestic workers to care for their families” while
they are overseas. The likely consequence of this type of arrangement on the educational outcomes of children is not
certain, but one hypothesis would be that with diminished parental presence in the household, the overseas migration of
one or both parents may have negative consequences for children’s education attainment (Parrenas, 2001)
According to Tulao and Cabuay [2012), the main motivation of Filipinos to work abroad is their yearning to increase
their source of income. In working overseas, OFW’s also seeks out new opportunities not only improving their earning
capacity but also in being exposed to different learning experiences that develops their socio – cultural depth as an
individual.
It’s also a strategy for many household in developing nations to work abroad. The recipient family in the home country
supports the decision of the migrant worker and anticipates to receive higher income to finance the family’s needs [Custodio
and Ang, 2012).
Lukas and Stark (1985), decisions linked to migrants motivation to work abroad were between ‘’ altruism “against “self
– interest” altruism pertains to migrants motivation to triggered by the welfare of household members while self – interest
refers to the migrants motivation shaped by personal investment objectives anticipating to yield a return in the future.
The growing member of OFW’s in the locality indicates the incoming remittance in the Philippines are contributed by the
large number of employed migrant overseas more migrant workers in specific are connotes more3 recipient households
have income through remittance (Tabuga,].

From social perspective, there are positive as well as negative implications of overseas migration. The growth of the
Philippine economy can be partly attributed to the transfers from abroad. But while remittances contribute to the economy
e.g. US $ 14 billion in 2007, and to individual families. There is fear of both drain and care drain. Migration of educated
health professionals exacerbates existing problems of the health system in the Philippines and compromise the quality of
4
human capital needed to sustain economic development. And while migrants may afford to keep their children in school
longer, the poor performance that may result from the parent’s absence may also lower the future human capital of the
country (Country Gender Assessment, 2008, ADB and ODA GAD Network)
If evolutionary psychologist and biologist are correct then children in two parent nuclear families should have the best
outcomes, followed by those in which there is a single mother, and then those in which there is a single father. The logic
behind this arrangement is that both human men and women invest in their own children, but that mothers do so more than
the fathers, largely because woman must to the children they already have, while men have somewhat greater chance for
additional procreation tend [Biblarz, 1999)

Related Studies
This chapter contains related studies that will add to the vast knowledge of the researches in building and
gathering data and information related to the current study.
Yang (2004) found that migrant families who experienced a positive exchange rate shock during the Asian crisis
(1997 – 1998) invested more in education, reduced child labour, increased entrepreneurial activity, and increased purchase
of durable goods including vehicles.
Using mainly the FIES, they report, among clothes, that households receiving remittances tend to allocate to a
bigger portion of their budget on luxuries, are more likely to own durable goods, tend to spend a higher share of income on
education, and less likely to participate in the labour market. Based on Tullao, Cortez and See (2004) in a recent study that
looks at the economic impact of migration in the Philippines.
The National Economic and Development Authority in 2012 said that the Philippines cannot do without the cash
remittances from OFW’s. This is true as cash sent to the country by OFW’s according to the World Bank, is a ‘’ key factor”
for the resilience of the Philippines. It has been able to withstand recession amid the economic crisis of the previous years.
A recent major longitudinal study found that the 3 years old children of mothers who went to work before the children
were 9 months old had poorer cognitive outcomes than 3 years old children who stayed at home with their mothers in the
first nine months of the child’s life (Brooks – Gunn, Han and Waldfagel, 2002)
According to Jackson as cited by Ryckman (2008), students develop perceptions of self – efficacy in various
academic areas from a variety of sources. Research has shown the quality of student’s social relationship with their
classmates and teachers can affect their perceptions of their academic self – efficacy and their subsequent performances
on tests. That is students who feel accepted by their peers and teachers are likely to turn to them for help with their school
work, thereby increasing their perception of their academic abilities and their performances on tests. Students’ self –
efficacy expectation are also enhanced by receiving praise from their parents, teachers, and friends for fulfilling assignments
and for attaining high quality academic performances.
Durbrow et, al [2002) cited in their study that academic performance was mildly correlated with peer preference such
that children with higher grades were more preferred as playmates. They also found out that poor abstract reasoning and
learning – related problems influenced academic performance, which in turn, led to low peer preference. On possible
explanation is that academic and peer domains were correlated because of children’s awareness of classmates academic
standing.
“Academic performance is a belief upon which one acts by an individual,” (Bulatao 1961) while the terms use in the
definitions differ, there appears to be an agreement that personal factors influence their academic performance. Personal
factors therefore are important in our lives because of the intimate link and impact to the performance of an individual.

5
Bulatao (1961) declares “that our performance is a color of human acts and are reflected in a very product to our human
personality.’’
Kilpatrick (1998) defines a project as any unit of academic performance or any instance for the activities carried to
competition by the students in a natural manner involving the use of physical material.
According to Gorodzeisky of 2005, members who are left behind tend to experience considerable economic gain
through the remittances sent by migrant parents. In fact, a large flow of remittance income may more than off set any
financial hardship brought about by being in household with only one parent present.
In educational institutions, success is measured by academic performance, or how well student meets standards set
out by local government and the institution itself. As career competition grows ever fiercer in the working world, the
importance of doing well in school has caught the attention of parents, legislators and government education departments
alike (Feijgin, et. al., 2010]

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 Chapter III
This chapter contains the research design ang the methodology used in conduct of this study. It incorporated the sampling
technique, sources of data, the research subjects, population of the study. The instrument utilized to gather data, were as
the statistical tool employed in processing the data. This chapter is showing how the researcher came to the necessary data
for this study, and how this data were analyzed, interpreted and presented in the easiest way possible.

Methodology
This study see the purpose of the study.
OFW has one of the most difficult jobs because they sacrifice their personal happiness so that they can get into
poverty. It's hard, but they can handle it for the sake of their family. So to all the people working in other countries and to all
the OFW, I salute you all because you are able to work in a faraway place for the betterment of your life when the right time
comes. But don't worry, you are not alone in this fight; many parents and others are also making sacrifices for their families.
This is the purpose of our research: to reveal to the people that they are not alone in this fight. I salute you and admire you.

The Respondents
This study will involve a total of 100 students from Sico 1.0 Integrated National High School.

Table 1

Distribution of Respondents
It is reflected in Table 1 the number students with OFW parents as respondents of this study.

Grade Number of Students Percentage

10 217 21.7

11 220 10

12 229 19.09

There are 50 total students as respondents.

Table 2

Distribution of Respondents
It is reflected in Table 1 the number of students with non – OFW as respondents of this study.
There are 50 total numbers of students as respondents.

7
 Grade Number of Students Percentage

10 217 21.7

11 220 10

12 229 19.09

There are 50 total students as respondents.

Sampling
The researcher has 50 students with OFW parents and another 50 students with non – OFW parents with a total of 100
students from Sico 1.0 Integrated National High School. They believes that having 100 students as their respondents will
provide adequate data to be interpreted to this study.
The purposive sampling was used by the researchers because the respondents where chosen base on their
relevance to the study the researchers conducted

Description of the Research Instrument

The researcher will prepare a questionnaire to determine the impact of having overseas and non – overseas
parents to the academic performance of the students. This can be determined based from the indicators such as the
respondent’s profile, students academic performance.
The research subject will be asked to choose their preferred response by checking the number option based on
their personal feelings and perception along the given area.
The questionnaire had question that relates to the study and these questions were answered consequently.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher has followed certain procedures in the conduct of this study.
1. A certain title was chosen. It is a must that we choose a title for our study and defend it to the panelist until it was
approved.
2. Permitted to conduct the study. The permit to conduct the study was requested and filed to the office of the school
principal.
3.Instruments will be prepared. Questionnaire is a principal tool in gathering the data. The first draft of the instrument was
made in coordination with the adviser so that the survey tool is reliable and valid.

8
4.Administered Questionnaire. The researcher personally distributed the questionnaire to the respondents in Sico 1.0
Integrated National High School during a classroom meeting. Here, a clear explanation of the purpose and objectives of the
study was been indicated. Confidentiality was given in order to assure cooperation and to avoid inhibitions from the
respondents in accomplishing the questionnaire.
5.Validated Instrument. After the distribution is the validation of the questionnaire. It is analyzed and interpreted through the
data gathered and formulate the conclusions and recommendations of this study.

9
References
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Filipino_Worker#:~:text=%22Total%20Number%20of%20OFWs
%20Estimated%20at%202.2%20Million,March%202017.%20Retrieved%2014%20May%202018.
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Filipino_Worker#:~:text=Straiton%2C%20Melanie%20L,1%20January
%202018
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Filipino_Worker#:~:text=Table%203%3A%20Distribution%20of
%20Overseas%20Filipino%20Workers%20by%20Region%20of%20Origin%20and%20Place%20of%20Work
%20Abroad%3A%202019%22
4. https://ofwfamily.weebly.com/references.html#:~:text=http%3A//www.census.gov.ph/content/total%2Dnumber
%2Dofws%2Destimated%2D22%2Dmillion%2Dresults%2D2011%2Dsurvey%2Doverseas%2Dfilipinos
5. https://ofwfamily.weebly.com/references.html#:~:text=%C2%A0http%3A//www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/
134430/pinoyabroad/leaving%2Dofw%2Dchildren%2Dbehind%2Deconomic%2Dbenefits%2Dvs%2Dsocial
%2Dcosts
6. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/specialrelease/TABLE%201%20%20Number%20of
%20Overseas%20Filipino%20Workers%20by%20Type%20of%20Overseas%20Filipino%20Worker%20and
%20Sex%2C%20and%20Remittances%20with%20Measures%20of%20Precision%2C%20Philippines
%20%202020%20and%202021_0.xls
7. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/specialrelease/TABLE%202%20%20Distribution%20of
%20Overseas%20Filipino%20Workers%20%20and%20Overseas%20Contract%20Workers%20by%20Major
%20Occupation%2C%20Sex%2C%20Age%20Group%20and%20Region%20with%20Measures%20of
%20Precision%202020%20and%202021_0.xls
8. https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/specialrelease/TABLE%208%20%20Total%20and
%20Average%20Cash%20Remittance%20Sent%20by%20Overseas%20Filipino%20Workers%20by%20Place
%20of%20Work%20and%20Sex%202021_0.xls
9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Filipino_Worker#:~:text=OFW%20remittances%20not%20covered%20by
%20tax%20reform%22
10. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Filipino_Worker#:~:text=Department%20of%20Migrant%20Workers
%20may%20start%20by%202023%3A%20POEA%22.%20Philippine%20News%20Agency.
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