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No. Date
Qaw is M/o3/2o93
podeoe
quadralune inplIearrien fonm a
arolQ2c). ofand (apsu)
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 Expt.No.

42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 16 6 5 4
MATLAB
3
CoDE
2 1
52 51 5¬ 40 48 47 46 45
DCLABO7.m
x+ DCLABO7.m

ylabel('c1(t)');
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%carrier
t=0:(Tb/fs fs clc;
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c2=sqrt(2/
Plotting %+
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(t));

PageNo. Date
 gos 0 2
0 1

01
RESULTS
MATL AB
2 2
02
3 3
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4 demodulated
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Expt.No.

MATLAB
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91 9 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 8 79
78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53
DCLABO7.m
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end
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if(x1>
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demod(i+1)=0; =0; signal
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=0; )

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nature

PageNo. Date

31
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PageNo. Date
 )
37 Freg
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No.
Page
Date
high
Consteltation
Dagram1
Rectangular
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16-OAM Baseband
24
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No.
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500 -10 30 40
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200
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Stopped 8
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Ampltude
In-phase
Channel
AWGN

PageNo. Date
 Stopped AConsteRation
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Diagram
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Amplitude
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ExptNo. .

MATLAB

)7.m
29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 forXgeneration
z=[yl,y2,
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y4(i,1) (N/4)
i=1:for X= ;klear
N=1e^6;
k=l; rng(2) cd
44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 3e de2bi(rx_qam_data);rx_qam_Signal
bi_data
DCLABO7.m Xerror1
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snr=0:
SNR
SNR=13;
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(4"k);
y2=x X
k=k+1;
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and 1) DCLABSMatlab.m
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symerr(rx_qam_data, BER ;
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hold snr=0:SNR,
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rate
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Page29
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AWGN

channel
 MATLAA
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received
transmitted
Desktop fen
4
Window
SE
SNR,dB
Scatter
plot 6 Help R
n-Phase
anol
BER
10

BER SER

12

[Bealken,

ExptNo. .

MATLAo
25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 1
5
49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42
4 39
38 36 35 34 33 32 31 3 28
DCLABO7.m
8 7 6 4 DCLABO7.m
3 1

(1,txqamsig(1,
z1(i)==14 txqam_sig(1,i)=
complex(3,3);
txqam_sig(1,i)=
txqan_sig(1,i)=
else elseif
am_sig(1, complex
z1(i)==12
z1(i)==13
elseif
txqam_sig(1, elseif
z1(i)==11 txqam_sig(1,
(3,1);elseif elseif
z1(i)==9
elseif
complex txgam_sig(1,i)=
txqam_sig(1,
txgam_sig(1,i)=
complex(-1,1);
z1(i)==8z1(i)==7
elseif elseif txgam_sig(1,i)=
complex(-1,complex(-3,1);
txqam_sig(1,i)=
complex(-1,
-1);
z1(i)==5
z1(i)==6
elseif elseif -3); txqam_sig(1, z1(i)==1
elseif z1(i)==2
elseif z1(i)==3
z1(i)==4 elseif elseif
txgam_ %generation
txqam_sig=(];
txqam_sig(1, ==01:N/4
z1(i) fori= z=(y1, yi(i,1)=x(4*k);
ifz1=bi2de(z) y4(i,1)y3(i,y2(i,1)round(rand
Pnd (N/4) N=10^6;clear
i=1:for k=1;rng(2);
(1, X= code
%|DCLAB8Matlab.m X
k=k+1;
y2, 1) DCLAB8Matlab.m
all
z1 sig(1,i)= =x( =x( =x( %no. teon
(i) y3, ;
i)= i)= ==10 i)= i)= i)= i)= of ;% (4*k)(4"k)(4*k) close
i)= i)= y4];% of
converting
16-QAM
complex(1,
omplex(1,
,1) complex(1, complex(3, complex(-1, complex(-3, complex(-3,
complex(-3, -3); -2); -1)
N));%generate bits ndig
× collecting ; a11;
DCLAB8Matlablogicm sequence transmitted
-1)(3, ; DCLAB8Matlablogícm
clc
into
;
3) -1) -3);
;
-3); 3); 3) -1); -3); ymbul
; ; 4
decimal random
bits
together binary Errun
*

data +
Rete

[logc
PageNo. Date

Boel

7
 File
Figure 1
orror rato Edit

10 10 10-1 10°
VicwN

Fie
Insert
Scatter
EdFgrePot
Toos
Vew 2

nsert Desktop

Tools
4
Window
Scatter Desktop

SNR,dB
Window
Help
plot 6

Help

8
transmitted
received

10

SER

(Bcottenpla) 12

Expt.No.

DUABO7.m 1
31112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 1ee
95 91 89 88 87 86 85 81 79 78 77 76
75 74 73 72 71 7e 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58
S5 54 53 52 51
DCLAB07./n
99

XThreshold
noisy(Snr+1,
received=noisy; end snr=0:
for12 end end
figure end :)= end
XSER(4*e)/N;
ser(i, h=1:i-1:13
N/4
detected_sig=complex(realsig,
for
forimagsig): end m=1:1> =0iquadrat
real(received);
forrealsig
imagsig = =
0;inphas =
noisy=lJ; %
h)
1,0,
g, hold
ylabel('error
on, rate);
legend('SER'):
catterplot hold
on;
Snr=:12;
SNR, semilogy
xlabel(
dB');
end
e=e+1;
eLse
sig(i,h)==txqam_sig(1,h))
if(detected_ e=0;
end
DCLAB8Matlablogicm
DCAB8Matlab.m +
k=1:N/4for
DCABAMatlab.m
terplot axis( vs
:13
SNR e=e; end
elseif(quadrat
elseifelseif if(quadrat elseif(inphas if(inphas
end elseif(inphas
elseif(inphas
imagsig(m,
k)=1; inag(received);
Detection
[0 plots imagsig(m,
imagsig(n,k)=3;
(m,k)=-1;
imagsig cealsigcealsigcealsigrealsig )=
(quadrat
(quadrat
12
ser,'r)grid
(snr,
on; aWgn(txqam_sig,
(m, (m,
10^(-5) k) (m, (m, (m, (, k X
k)
(m, (m, (m,k) (m, (m, (m, )
eceived >=0 k) k) k) k)>=0 DCLAB8Matlablogicm
= k) k) k)
k)<-2)
3;
- k) = =3; =-1;
- =1; &&
>2 > && 3;
<-2) >2) -2>
-2
) inphas
&S quadrat &3
1)); snr);
quadrat(m, inphas
(8, (m,k)
(n, %
k) (m, Transmission
),1,0, : <2)
<2)
k)
k)
<) +
<e)

r.);
of
16
QAM

data

over
PageNo Date
AWGN

channel
 Expt. No.

MATLBcodefer
31 36 29 28 27 26 12 1)
50 49 48 47 46 4 43 38 35 34
DCLABO7.m 25 24 23 22 21 2¬ 19 18 17 1e 13 14 13 7 6 DCLABO7,sn
3 2 1

txqan_sig(1,i)=
complex(3,1);
z1(i)==12
elseif txqan_sig(1,i)=
Sxgam_Sig(1,
z1(i)==10
txgam_sig(1,i)=
complex(3,3);
z1(i)=-11
elseif elseif
z1(i)==9
elseif
sig(1,i)=
txqam txgam_sig(1,i)=
txgam_sig(1,i)=
complex(-1,3);
z1(i)==7
complex(-1,1);
z1(i)==8
elseif z1(i)==6
elseif elseif
txgam_sig(1, z1(i)==4
zi(i)==5
elseif elseif
txgam_sig(1,i)=
txqam_sig(1,i)=
3);z1(i)==13
m_sig(1,i)=
complex(1,
plex(1,
(1,i)=
z1(i)==14
else elseif elseif
-1); *DCLAB8Matlab.m
y3(i,1)=x(k-2) ; i=1: N=10^6;
X= clear
for k=4;rng(2);
elseiftxqam_sig(1,i)=
complex(-3,
txgam_sig(1,i)=
z1(i)==3 txqam z1(i)==1
z1(i)==2
elseif z1(i)==0
elseif iffor i= y4(i,1)=x(k-3);
%generation
-3); z1=bi2de(z);%
1:N/4
txqam_sig=[]; z=[y1, end
y2(i,1)
yi(i,1)=x
(k); X
round
k=k+1; DCLAB8Matlab.m
i)= i)= sig(1,i)= y2, all;
=x(N/4) %no.
complex(3,-3) ;
complex(3, complex(-1, y3, (k-1) (rand(1,
complex(1,
-3); complex(
-3);-1,
complex(-
% of y4 close
of
DCLABO8Logicforbitrate.m converting
16-QAM ] ;
;% N) bits
-1); complex(-3,
3, complex(-3,
-1); );1 collecting );%generate all;
transmitted
sequence DCLABO8Logicforbitrate.m
clc error
into
3); -1)
X+ decimal 4 random
; bits

together binary

data %+
PageNo. Date
 error rate
10 10*2 10* 10
10-5 104

File A
EditFiqure2
View
Scatter
Teceived
uansmitted Insert botd)
BER
ogie
Plot
Tools SNR,dB
6
Scatter
plot Desktop

se
Window

Help

10
BER

12

BEeR/N

Expt.No.

S7 $2 51 m
CAB07
58 67 63 62 61 6e
78 77 76
75 74 71 7 59
102 101 89 88 87 86 84 83 82 81 80 79 DCLABO7.m
112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 100
99 98 97 9
94 9 91

Theechald endnoisy=[);
noisy(snr+l,
snr=e:12 for end end
inagsig
forrealsig
m=l:13 inphas
-[]:quadrat
C.DaAB8Matlab.m
i=1:13for end k=1:N/4for
ber(i,
(e)/N;
end :)= end h=1:N/4for imagsig);
detected_sig=complex
(realsig, X
figure %SER = =
snr=0:12;
holdon; DCLAB8Matlab.mif(quadrat if(inphas
end elseif(inphas
scatterplot
ot ylabel('error
holdon,
tterplot rate' dB');legend
('xlabel
SNR,
axis( );
('BER'):; semilogy e=e+1;

SNR
endelse
if(detected_sig(i,h)==txqam_
sig(1,h))
vs
e=e
e=0; end

elseif((quadrat
end
elseif(quadrat
k)<-2)(m, elseif
imagsig
elseif(ik)=-1;
elseif(inphas
(m,k)<-2)
realsig(m,realsig(m,k)
realsig =3;k) =1;
real(received)
imag
(received): tiot
awgn
:)=

[ (m, (m, 2
imagsig(m,
imagsig(m, k)=3;imagsig (txqam_sig,
12 (snr,ber, plots (quadrat k) (m, k)
(m, )=0 DABO8Logictorbitrate.n
>=0 k) :
(m, k)
0, 10^ (m, && -3= >-2 &8
k) X ;
received (-5) k) (m, =-1;k)(m, =1;
DCABO8Logicforbitrate.m quadrat inphas
&& snr)
'r')grid = k) k) inphas
3;- (m, ;
1]); >2) -2> (m, k) Transmission
&& k) (m, <2)
(8, <2) k) X
:), quadrat <e)
+
gx 1,0, on;
of
,h) (m,
*+ 16
'r.'): k) QAM
<)
data

over

AtiGN
PageNo. Date
channe

43
 ExptNo. .
eror
Sequen cQ
Cooleon
Concluyion
We

Suclessfully
an alestuclieo
a
l4-eAM
Sygterm
plo thal aned
tted
SIMuLINh
Bi{
BERandER
eron

model
nature
chers
rote
fon analed
ymbland
mooulaon
16-aAM rwen
wrote

PageNo. Date

narslom
MATLAB