A quick revision of

Engineering Graphics

Prepared By
S.S. Jayachandran
Lecturer (Mechanical)
GPTC Neyyattinkara
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS
IN EXAMINATION POINT OF VIEW

RULES OF DIMENSIONING

1. Between any two extension lines, there must be one and only one dimension line bearing one dimension.
2. As far as possible, all the dimensions should be placed outside the views. Inside dimensions are preferred
only if they are clearer and more easily readable.
3. All the dimensions on a drawing must be shown using either Aligned System or Unidirectional System. In
no case should, the two systems be mixed on the same drawing.

4. The same unit of length should be used for all the dimensions on a drawing. The unit should not be
written after each dimension, but a note mentioning the unit should be placed below the drawing.

5. Dimension lines should not cross each other. Dimension lines should also not cross any other lines of the
object.

6. All dimensions must be given.

7. Each dimension should be given only once. No dimension should be redundant.

8. Do not use an outline or a centre line as a dimension line. A centre line may be extended to serve as an
extension line.

9. Avoid dimensioning hidden lines.

10. For dimensions in series, adopt any one of the following ways. i. Chain dimensioning (Continuous
dimensioning)

All the dimensions are aligned in such a way that an arrowhead of one dimension touches tip-to-tip the
arrowhead of the adjacent dimension. The overall dimension is placed outside the other smaller dimensions.
ii. Parallel dimensioning (Progressive dimensioning) All the dimensions are shown from a common reference
line.

Obviously, all these dimensions share a common extension line. This method is adopted when dimensions
have to be established from a particular datum surface

iii. Combined dimensioning. When both the methods, i.e., chain dimensioning and parallel dimensioning are
used on the same drawing, the method of dimensioning is called combined dimensioning
LAYOUT OF DRAWING SHEET

CLICK HERE TO SEE THE CONSTRUCIONAL STEPS

Dimensioning as per Indian Standards
Basic Geometrical Constructions

1.Bisecting a given line

2. Bisecting an angle

3.Divide a given line into same number of equal parts

Click Here to see the constructions

(1) Inscribing a regular polygon when one of its side lengths is given

Steps
1.Draw the given side length and find its midpoint and erect a perpendicular line
through it.
2.Erect a perpendicular from one of its end points taking this vertical distance as
given side length.
3.Join the end points as shown and mark the intersecting point on its midsection line
as “4”
4.Draw an arc with the side length as radius to intersect the midsection line and
marked as “6”.
5.Bisect the distance 4-6 and mark it as “5”.
6.Mark equal distances along this midsection line so as to draw the required
polygon.
7.If it is a heptagon join point “7” to the end point of given side length and draw a
circle
as shown.
8.Mark off equal divisions on the circle gives the required polygon
Click here to see the constructional details

CONIC SECTION
1.Introduction to conic section
Click here to see the introduction

2.How to draw an elliptical curve by eccentricity method

 Click here to see the constructional details
3.How to draw an ellipse by concentric circle method

Click here to see the constructional details

4.How to draw an ellipse by Rectangle/Oblong method

Click here to see the constructional details

PARABOLA
1. Constructional details of a parabola by eccentricity method
Click here to see the constructional details
2. Constructional details of a parabola by tangent method

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Miscellaneous Curves

1.Involute
Involute is a curve traced by a point on a taut inextensible string, as it
unwinds itself from a line or a polygon or a circle.
1(a) How to draw the involute of a square
Click here to see the constructional details
1(b) Involute of a pentagon

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1 (c) Involute curve of a circle

Click here to see the constructional details

HELICAL CURVE

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PROJECTION OF POINTS
Example problem

Click here to see how to project these points in 2D

PROJECTION OF STRAIGHT LINES

An introduction to projection of straight lines

Click here to find the projection when a line positioned in different
orientations with respect to HP and VP

1.Example problem-1
Line inclined to HP & VP- click here
2.Example problem-2
Line inclined to HP & VP- click here
3.Example problem-3
Line inclined to HP & VP- click here
4.Example problem-4
Line inclined to HP & VP- click here

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
What is meant by Orthographic Projection and Differentiate First and third
angle Projection

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First Angle Projection

Right
Front view Left
sideview
sideview

Top view

Draw the orthographic views of the following objects

1.Example Problem 1
Click here
2.Example Problem 2
Click here
3.Example Problem 3
Click here
4.Example problem-4
Click here
5.Example Problem-5
Click here
6.Example Problem-6
Click here
7.Example Problem-7
Click here

ISOMETRIC DRAWING

Introduction to isometric projection

Click here to see the introduction

1.Example problem
Click here
2.Example problem
 Click here
3.Example problem
Click here

SECTIONAL DRAWINGS

1.Example problem-1
Click here
2.Example problem-2
Click here

AUTOCAD FUNDAMENTALS
How to draw and dimension a drawing using Autocad
Click here to see the drafting steps

Objective type questions asked in previous exams

Click here