UNIT 1

Formula Sheet
Measures of Central Tendency If N is Even:-

Mean:- Formula for Individual Series 1  N  2 

th th
N
Me  size of   observation  size of   observation
x
2  2  2  
x (Continuous Series)
n
N 
Short Cut Method: -Discrete Series  2  C.F 
Me  L1   X i
 f 
x  A
 fd x  

f Quartiles:
Step Deviation Method (Continuous Computation of quartile in Individual
Series) series Discrete series: -

x  A
 fd x
'

Xi
 N  1
First Quartile, Q1  
th

observation
 4 
f
Third Quartile
Correct incorrect mean:
 3( N  1) 
th

Q3   observation
Correct  x = incorrect  x - wrong items +  4 
correct items.
Computation of quartile in Continuous
Incorrect  x = mean X N (Total series: -
frequency). First Quartile
N 
x  4  C .F 
Correct  x = Correct N Q1  L1   X i
 f 
 
Combined Mean:-
Third Quartile
x1 N1  x2 N 2  x3 N 3        xn N m  3N 
X  4  C.F 
N1  N 2  N 3         N m Q3  L1   X i
 f 
 
Median:- DECILES
Formula for Individual &Discrete Computation of Decile in Individual
Median (ungrouped data):- It total series Discrete series: -
no. of observation is N then:-
 ( N  1) 
th

D1   observation
 N  1
th
 10 
If N is odd: Size of  2 
 9( N  1) 
th
observation. D9   observation
 10 

Prepared By
Dr. CK DWIVEDI
Ph.D (UGC-NET)
 UNIT 1
Formula Sheet
Computation of Decile in Continuous Q3  Q1
series: - QD=
2
N 
 C .F

D1  L1   10

X i
Q3  Q1
 f  Coefficient =
  Q3  Q1
 9N  Mean Deviation
  C.F 
D9  L1   10 X i
 f  Formula: - In case of Mean:-
 

Percentile: For ungrouped Data:- MD 

 xx
n
Computation of Percentile in Individual
series Discrete series: -
For grouped Data:- MD 
 f xx
 ( N  1) 
th f
P1   observation
 100  In case of Median:-

 99( N  1) 
P99  
th

observation For ungrouped Data:- MD 

 x  Me
 10  n

For grouped Data:- MD  

Computation of Percentile in f x  Me
Continuous series: - f
 N 
 100  C.F 
In case of Mode:-
P1  L1   X i


f 
 For ungrouped Data:- MD 
 x  Mo
n
 99 N 
 100  C.F 
For grouped Data:- MD  
f x  Mo
P99  L1   X i
 f  f
 
Coefficient of Mean Deviation for Mean:-
MODE: -
(i) Coefficient of Mean Deviation
Individual series Discrete series: - in case of mean:-
M .D
Mode = 3 median -2mean Coff 
X
Continuous series (ii) Coefficient of Mean Deviation
in case of median:-
 f f  M .D
Mo  L1   1 0  * i Coff 
 2 f1  fo  f 2  Me
(iii) Coefficient of Mean Deviation
Quartile Deviation: - in case of mode:-
M .D
Coff 
Mo

Prepared By
Dr. CK DWIVEDI
Ph.D (UGC-NET)
 UNIT 1
Formula Sheet

 x  x 
2

Variance  Combined Standard Deviation:-

n
Standard Deviation  n1 ( 1 2  d1 2 )  n2 ( 2 2  d 2 2 ) 
  
Ungrouped Data:-  n 1  n 2 
 x  x 
2

S .D 
n Where: d1=  x  combined mean 
1

Grouped Data: d =  x  combined Mean 

2 2

 f  x  x
2
SKEWNESS
S .D 
f Coefficient of Karl Pearson Skewness:-

Coefficient of Variance:
X  M0
sk 
 (i)
x
Coff  x
X (ii) Bowley’s Coefficient of
Short –Cut formula of standard
Skewness: -
deviation: - Ungrouped Data Q3  Q1  2M e
JQ 
Q3  Q1
 x2 2
x    X    Kelley’s Coefficient of Skewness: -
 n 
D9  D1  2M e
JD 
Grouped Data:- D9  D1
  fx 2 2
 
OR
x    X 
  f  P  P  2M e
J P  90 10
P90  P10
Short Cut Method:- In case of Assumed
Mean Measures of Kurtosis

  ( 3 ) 2
 fd x 2    fd x
2
 1 
   
S.D =
  f    f   23 (Skewness)
  
4
Step Deviation Formula:- 2  (Kurtosis)
22
 fd x'2    fd x '  

2

      i
      

S.D =
f f
 

Prepared By
Dr. CK DWIVEDI
Ph.D (UGC-NET)
 UNIT 1
Formula Sheet
Moment about the mean In case of Continuous Series

 '1  
In case of Individuals fd '
Series Xi
 ( x  x) f
1   fd '2
N 2'
 X i2
 ( x  x) 2 f
2 
N  '3 
 fd '3

X i3
 ( x  x) 3 f
3 
N 4'

 fd '4

X i4
 ( x  x) 4
f
4 
N
In case of Frequency
Relation between moments about mean in
Distribution
 f ( x  x)
term of moments about arbitrary value:-
1 
N
1  1'  1'  0
 f ( x  x)
2

2 
N
 f ( x  x) 3 2  2 '  1'   2

3 
 
N 3
 f ( x  x)
4
3  3'  31'  2 '  2 1'
4 

 6    
N
' 2 ' 4
 4   4 '  43' 1' 1 2
'
 3 1
Moment about the Arbitrary Value
In case of Assumed Mean

 '1 
 ( x  A)
N

 '2 
 ( x  A) 2
N

 '3 
 ( x  A) 3
N

 '4 
 ( x  A) 4
N
In case of Frequency
Distribution

 '1  
f ( x  A)
f
2'

 f ( x  A) 2

f
3'

 f ( x  A) 3

f
 '4 
 f ( x  A) 4

f

Prepared By
Dr. CK DWIVEDI
Ph.D (UGC-NET)