1000GI

SAppl
i
cat
ions&Uses–HowGI
SIsChangi
ngt
heWor
ld

1000GI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

Super
powerYourDat
awi
tht
hese1000GI
SAppl
i
cat
ions&Uses

Agr
icul
tur
e

Agr
icul
tur
eGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

1.Precisi
onFar
ming–Harvesti
ngmor
ebushel
speracr
ewhil
espendi
ngl
essonf
ert
il
izerusi
ng
preci
sionfar
mingandsof
tware.(
Howtowi
nthefar
m usi
ngGIS)

2.DiseaseControl
–Combat i
ngthespreadofpest
sbyi
dent
if
yingcr
it
ical
int
erv
ent
ionar
easand
eff
icientt
arget
ingcont
rol
int
ervent
ions.

3.SwissAl
psFarming–Culti
vat
ingsout
h-f
aci
ngsl
opesi
ntheSwissAlpsusingaspectdat
a
becausei
tshel
ter
sfrom col
danddrywindswhi
chi
scri
ti
calt
osuccessful
cropgrowth.

4.3DScanner
sforBi
omass–Measur
ingwi
thl
aseraccur
acy3Dbi
omassusi
ngt
heFARO
scanner
.

5.Real-
ti
meCropYiel
ds–Shi
fti
ngtor
eal
-t
imecropmoni
tor
ingandt
arget
ed,
aut
omat
ed
responseswi
thdr
onesandpr
ecisi
onwat
eri
ngsensor
s.

6.Curr
entFoodSecuri
ty–Saf
eguar
dingfoodinsecur
epopulat
ionsbyest
abl
i
shi
ngunder
lyi
ng
causesthr
oughsatel
l
ite,
mobi
le-
col
l
ected,andGISdatast
orage.

7.Agri
-t
ouri
sm –Nav
igat
ingt
hroughcr
opmazeswi
thGPSr
ecei
ver
sint
hedev
elopi
ngf
iel
dof
agri
-t
ouri
sm.

8.Pl
antHardi
ness–Defi
ningdi
sti
nctboundar
iesi
nwhi
chpl
ant
sar
ecapabl
eofgr
owi
ngas
defi
nedbycli
mati
ccondi
ti
ons.

9.MachinePerf
ormance–Logginggeographiccoor
dinatesofagr
icul
tur
almachiner
yinaf
arm
fi
eldtobett
erunder
standt
hespati
alvar
iabil
i
tycostoffiel
doperat
ionandmachinery
perfor
mance.

10.Fut
ureFoodDemand–Di agnosi
ngthefutur
efooddemandandpl
anni
nghowt
oful
fi
ll
the
needsofagrowi
ngandincr
easingl
yaff
luentpopul
ati
on.

11.CropAssimil
ati
onModel–Simul
ati
ngsoi
l,wat
er,
andcroppr
ocessestobet
terunderst
and
cropproduct
ivi
tyandmoni
tor
ingusi
ngtheCr
opAssimil
ati
onModelt
oolinGRASSGI S.
12.WaterSt
ress–Bal
anci
ngt
her
ati
oofl
ocal
wit
hdr
awal
(demand)ov
ert
heav
ail
abl
ewat
er
(suppl
y).

13.Hi
stor
ical
Agr
icul
tur
alLand–Pl
ott
ingt
hehi
stor
ical
andf
utur
efar
mingt
rendsser
ved.

14.HungerMap–Rai
singawar
enessaboutgl
obal
hungerandpl
acest
hatar
einneed.

15.Agromap–Breaki
ngdownpr i
maryfoodcropsbysub-
nati
onaladmi
nist
rat
ivedi
str
ict
sand
aggregat
ingbycr
opproduct
ion,
areahar
vest
ed, andcr
opyi
elds.

16.CropResi
l
iencetoCli
mateChange–Adapti
ngtocl
imatechangeandshi
ft
ingweat
her
patt
ernsbypr
omot i
ngthecont
inuedheal
thofy
ourf
iel
ds.

17.CropProductiv
ity–Calibr
ati
ngcropproducti
vi
tyusingindi
cesli
keNormal
i
zedDi
ff
erence
Vegetat
ionIndex(NDVI)toestimat
eglobalcropproducti
vi
ty.(
Satel
li
teI
mageCor
por
ati
on
AgroWatchGr eenVegetat
ionIndex
)

18.Erosi
on-Product
ivi
tyImpactCal
cul
ator(EPI
C)–Pr i
ori
ti
zi
ngcroplandconser
vati
onprogram
i
mpl ementati
onsthrough“ModelSi
mulati
onofSoilLoss,
Nutri
entLoss,andChangeinSoil
OrganicCarbonAssociatedwit
hCropProducti
on”
.

19.Agr
icul
tur
eCapabi
li
ty–Cl
assi
fyi
ngt
hev
ary
ingpot
ent
ial
foragr
icul
tur
alpr
oduct
ionusi
ngt
he
Canadi
anLandInv
entor
y.

20.RanchPast
ureManagement–Coll
ect
ingsoil
types,
fencel
i
nes,
roads,
andot
herdat
afor
bett
ermanagementf
ormoremeaningf
ulrepor
tsandmaps.

21.Agr
icul
tur
alPoll
uti
on–Quant
if
yingt
hei
mpact
soncl
i
mat
eandt
heenv
ironmentf
rom
agri
cul
tur
alpoll
uti
on.

22.Agr
icul
tur
eRevenue–Determi
ningtheEff
ecti
veOpport
uni
tyCostr
elat
ingt
odef
orest
ati
on
andpotent
ial
agr
icul
tur
alr
evenuewithI
DRISIGeOSIRI
SforREDD.

23.I
rri
gat
ion–Capt
uri
ngir
rigat
ioninf
rastr
uct
ureforl
andmanagementdeci
sionsmor
ethan
two-
thi
rdsoft
heworl
d’sf
reshwaterwithdr
awalsaref
ori
rr
igat
ingcr
ops.

24.Far
m Preser
vat
ion–Establ
ishi
ngfarm pri
ori
tyzonesbyanalyzi
ngt
hel
ocal
far
ming
l
andscapeandconstr
uct
ingcri
teri
aforhi
gh-qual
ityf
armingareas.

25.Ver
sati
l
eSoilMoistur
eBudget–Si mulat
ingsoilmoist
urecondi
ti
onsofcr
opl
andar
eas
taki
ngi
ntoaccountevapotr
anspi
rat
ion,r
ainf
all
,runof
f,andotherf
actor
s.

26.Drought–Mini
mizi
ngt
hei
mpactofdroughtbyanaly
zingthespati
aldi
str
ibut
ionofr
ainf
all
andreal-
ti
mesensorsl
i
keSMAP,
SMOS, andsynthet
icapert
ureradar
.

27.Cr
opScape–Estimati
ngacreageofcroptypesandspat
ial
dist
ri
buti
onusingsat
ell
i
te
i
magerywithNat
ionalAgr
icul
tur
alStat
ist
icsServi
ces.(
USDANASSCr opScape)
28.CropFor
ecasti
ng–Pr
edi
cti
ngcr
opy
iel
dsusi
ngNDVI
,weat
her
,soi
lmoi
stur
e,soi
lty
pes,
and
otherpar
ameter
s.

29.Organi
cFarming–Managingv
ari
oussour
cesofdat
afororgani
cfar
mingper
mitsincl
uding
ti
l
lagehist
ory
,fi
eldi
nput
s,cr
oprot
ati
ons,
andpestmanagementmeasuresonaf
iel
d-by-f
iel
d
basi
s.

30.Agri
cul
tur
alNon-
Poi
ntSource(
AGNPS)Model–Pr edi
cti
ngt
heeff
ect
sofagri
cul
tur
eon
waterqual
i
tyusi
ngAgri
cul
tur
alNon-Poi
ntSour
cepol
l
ut i
onmodeli
nMapWindow

31.Dr
ainageDit
ches–Tr
aci
ngf
armfiel
ddr
ainagel
i
nesusi
ngst
ereoi
mager
yinMi
croI
mages
TNTMips.(TNTSter
eoVi
ewi
ngTool
s)

32.Lengt
hofGrowingPeri
od–Meet ingtheful
levapot
ranspi
rati
ondemandsofcropswhen
averaget
emperatur
esaregreat
erorequalto5°Candprecipi
tat
ionpl
usmoist
urestor
einthe
soil
exceedhal
fthepotent
ialev
apotr
anspir
ati
on.

Ast
ronomy

Ast
ronomyGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

33.Ast
eroi
ds–Gazi
ngt
heskyandt
racki
ngast
eroi
dswi
thNASA’
sbol
i
deev
ent
smap.(
NASA’
s
Boli
deEvent
s)

34.MappingMarswit
hMOLA–Star
tmappi
ngawhol
eent
ir
enewpl
anetusi
ngNASA’
sMOLA.
(USGSPlanet
aryGI
SWebServ
er–PIGWAD)

35.MarsTerr
ain–Goingf
oraspi
nontheruggedt
errai
nofMar
susi
ngdat
acaptur
edbyt
he
MarsOrbit
erLaserAl
ti
met
er(
MOLA)inst
rumentontheMarsGl
obal
Sur
veyor(
MGS).(
Mars
Terr
ain)

36.MarsRov erLanding–Examini
nghowtolandi
ngtheMar sRov
ersafel
ywithoperat
ions
cri
ter
iaincl
udinglat
it
udeforsol
arpower
,soi
lsoft
ness,
slopesusi
nglaseral
ti
metry,
dustiness,
rocki
ness,andalandingfoot
pri
nt.

37.WaterFl
owonMars–Hi
ll
shadi
ngtheMarsDigi
tal
Elevati
onModeltoaugmentl
egi
bil
i
tyand
under
standwher
eri
ver
smayhavefl
owedandoceansflour
ished.(
Mar
sWat erFl
ow)

38.Sat
elli
teOrbi
ts–Gazingt
heskyf
orsat
ell
i
tesandev
enpr
ogr
ammi
ngsat
ell
i
tesf
ori
mage
acqui
sit
ion.(
Satel
li
teMap)

39.Magnet
icFi
elds–I
nvest
igat
ingmagnet
icf
iel
dli
nesi
n3Dwi
thi
nter
nat
ional
geomagnet
ic
fi
eldmaps.
40.Ast
rogeol
ogy–Deli
ver
ingplanetarymappi
ngtot heinternat
ional
sciencecommunityi
n
publ
icdomain–fr
om pl
anetar
yt opologyt
olunargeology.(Astr
ogeologyScienceCent
re)

41.UFOSight
ings–Specul
ati
ngUFOsi
ght
ingswi
thpr
opor
ti
onal
symbol
swi
thov
er90,
000
repor
tsdat
ingbackt
o1905.m

42.Li
ghtPoll
uti
on–Recogni
zi
ngthear
ti
fi
cialli
ghti
ntr
oducedbyhumansinthenightskyand
howitint
erf
ereswi
tht
heobserv
ati
onofst
ar s.(
NOAA’sVII
RSdata)/Li
ghtPoll
uti
onMap)

43.Marsi
nGoogl
eEar
th–Sear
chi
ngf
orMar
ti
anl
andmar
kswi
thGoogl
eEar
th’
s“Li
vef
rom
Mars”l
ayer
.

44.I
nter
nati
onal
SpaceSt
ati
on–Tracki
ngt
her
eal
-t
imel
ocat
ionoft
heI
nter
nat
ional
Space
Stat
ion(
ISS)i
nArcGI
SOnli
neDat
a.

45.Venus–Mappi
ngt
heal
ti
met
ry,
shadedr
eli
efandgeol
ogyofVenus.

46.Magneti
cDecl
inat
ion–Posit
ioni
ngwiththemagneti
cdecli
nat
ion,avar
yingangl
efr
om a
tr
uegeographi
cnort
husingNOAANat i
onalGeophy
sicalDat
aCenter2015dataandthe
Magneti
cDecli
nat
ionQGISPlugi
n.

47.Gr
avi
tyAnomaly–Under
standi
ngourEar
th’
sgravi
tybymappi
ngt
heunusual
concent
rat
ions
ofmassi
nadi f
fer
entr
egi
onsonEarth.(
TheGeoid)

48.NASAVisi
bleEar
th–Catal
ogingimagesandanimat
ionsofourhomepl
aneti
nthe
el
ectr
omagneti
cspectr
um f
rom v
arioussensor
s.(
NASAVi si
bleEar
th)

49.Ty
cho–Mappi
ngTy
cho,
they
oungestmooncr
ater
.

50.Mil
kyWay–Surveyingt
heinnerpartoft
heMi
l
kyWayGal
axywi
thGLI
MPSE(
Gal
act
ic
LegacyI
nfr
aredMi
dplaneExtr
aordi
nair
e)
Ar
chaeol
ogy

Ar
chaeol
ogyGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

51.LostCi
ti
es–Reveal
ingl
ostci
tiesinthegroundbyusi
nggr
ound-
penet
rat
ingr
adarand
i
nfrar
edsensor
s.(
LiDARuncover
sl ostci
ti
es)

52.Archaeologi
cal
Survey–Tackli
nghugepr
obl
emsarchaeol
ogi
stsfaceev
eryday–col
l
ect
ing
physi
callocati
onsoft
heirexcav
ati
onfi
ndi
ngsfr
om awealt
hofsi
tes.

53.MiddleEaster
nGeodatabaseforAnt
iqui
ti
es–Recordi
ng,
monitori
ng,
andprot
ecti
ng
archaeol
ogicalsi
testoav
oidimpacti
ng,
fact
orcostf
orsit
emiti
gat
ion–devel
opedbytheGett
y
Conservati
onInsti
tut
e(GCI)andt
heWor l
dMonumentsFund(WMF) .(
MEGAGeodatabase)

54.Geogr
aphi
cTextAnalysi
s–Incor
porat
ingasemi-
aut
omatedexpl
orat
ionofwri
tt
ent
ext
s
combini
ngNatur
alLanguagePr
ocessi
ngtechni
ques,
CorpusLi
ngui
sti
csandGIS.

55.QGISAr
chaeol
ogyTool
s–Comput
eri
zi
ngt
hear
chaeol
ogi
cal
communi
tywi
tht
hei
rrecor
d-
keepi
ngwit
hthepyAr
chIni
tQGI
Spl
ugi
n.

56.Mediter
raneanLandscapeDynamics–Modeli
ngsurfacepr
ocesschangeandlandscape
evol
uti
ont obett
erunderst
andthelong-
ter
mint
eract
ionsofhumansandlandscapesinthe
Medit
erraneanusingGRASSGIS.

57.Prel
imi
narySit
eInv
esti
gati
on–Sear
chinganci
entmapsf orbuil
dings,cemet
eri
es,
roads,
andfencesasthesesi
tespr
esenti
mpor
tantcl
uestoarchaeologi
calsites.

58.StoneTool
s–Characteri
zinggeographi
cfeatur
essuitabl
eformakingst
onetool
sandclay
pott
erysuchasli
thi
cmateri
als,waterr
esources,st
ream hydr
ologywi
thgeol
ogi
ccontrol
sli
ke
bedrockout
cropsanddr
ainagebasinfloodpl
ains.

59.Viewshed–Scopingoutasit
ebydetermi
ningwhati
swi
thi
ney
esi
ghtconsi
der
ingal
l
prehi
stor
iccondi
ti
onsassoci
atedwi
ththatvi
ewshed.

60.Archaeol
ogi
calSi
tePredi
cti
on–Connecti
ngfav
orabl
eslope,
aspect,
geology,hy
drol
ogy,and
di
stancetowaterusi
ngtheMulti
pleCr
it
eri
aEval
uat
ion(MCE)topredi
ctarchaeol
ogi
calsi
tes.

61.Cult
uralHer
itageI
nvent
ory–Cust
omizinganddepl
oyi
ngthecoll
ecti
onofcult
uralher
it
age
fi
eldobserv
ati
onswi t
hopensour
cegeospati
alsof
twar
eArches.(
ArchesHeri
tageInv
entory&
ManagementSy stem)

62.3DArchaeol
ogy–Render i
ngaccurateandef
fi
cient3Drecor
dingsofar
chaeol
ogi
calher
it
age
si
tes,
inpart
icul
ar,
archaeol
ogical
excavati
onswit
haerial
imageryand3Denvir
onments.

63.Shov
elTestPi
ts–Loggi
ngt
ransect
s,shov
elt
estpi
ts,
andot
herr
ecor
dingswhent
heyv
isi
t
pot
ent
ial
locat
ionst
oconductf
iel
dinv
est
igat
ions.

64.Pr
edict
ingDi
nosaurTracks–Get
ti
ngthei
nsidet
rackonunderstandi
ngexact
lywhere
di
nosaursoncer
oamedt heEart
hwit
hveget
ati
oncoverage,
slope,
aspect,andpr
oxi
mityto
l
andsl
ides.

Ar
chi
tect
ure

Ar
chi
tect
ureGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

65.Li
neofSi
ght–Planni
nghi
gh-r
isebuil
dingssotheydon’
tobst
ructt
hev
iewoft
hemount
ains
i
nPortl
andusi
ngtheli
neofsi
ghttool
.(3DAnalysi
sTools)

66.Exposur
et oNoi
se–Orchestr
ati
ngurbanmobili
typl
answi
thspeci
alconsi
der
ati
onf
ort
he
i
mpactenv i
ronment
alnoi
seusingOrbi
sGIS.(
UrbanNoise)

67.Devel
opmentPlanning–Makingci
ti
zenshappyt
hroughsmar
tdev
elopmentpl
anni
ngand
under
standi
ngthebiggerpi
ctur
e.

68.CrowdSimulati
on–Mast er
ingt hecol
lect
ivedy nami
csofinter
act
ingobjectsinur
ban
phenomenaatthescaleofindi
vidualhousehol
ds, peopl
e,andunit
sofreal
est at
eandatti
me-
scal
esapproaching“r
eal
-t
ime”.(CrowdSimulation)

69.Sol
arExposure–Harv
estingl
i
ghttoassesst
hesuit
abil
i
tyofi
nstal
l
ingsol
ar(
phot ovol
tai
c)
panel
sonroofsusing3Dcit
ymodelsandgeometri
cinf
ormati
onsuchasthet
il
t,or
ientati
on,
andareaoftheroof.

70.Cit
yEngi
ne–Assessi
ngfeasi
bil
it
yandplani
mplement
ati
onusi
ngEsr
i’
sCi
tyEngi
ne
i
mpr ovi
ngur
banpl
anni
ng,ar
chit
ectur
e,andover
all
desi
gn.

71.Pedest
ri
anBehavi
or–Discer
ningt
hemov ement
sofpedest
ri
ansandur
banbehav
ior
thr
oughoutthr
oughaplazai
nCopenhagen.

72.ShadowAnaly
sis–Di
agnosi
ngtheamountofcast
edshadowi
nthepr
e-const
ruct
ionphase
ontoit
ssurr
oundi
ngusi
ngBentl
eyMap.

73.Par
kingAvail
abi
li
ty–Orchest
rat
ingpar
kingav
ail
abl
ebycol
l
ect
ingt
heper
centofspaces
occupi
edversussear
chti
me.

74.Int
egr
ati
onofGISandBI
M –Operat
ingafaci
l
itywi
thBIM(bui
ldi
nginfor
mati
onmodeling)
becauseofi
tsabi
l
ityt
oanal
yzei
nfor
mationandi
ntegr
atedat
afrom di
ffer
entsy
stems.(
Indoor
Mapping)
75.Tangibl
eLandscape–Experi
menti
ngwiththepotenti
ali
mpactofdiffer
entbui
l
ding
confi
gurati
onswit
haneasy-
to-use3Dsket
chingtool
.(Tangi
bleLandscape)

76.Geodesi
gn–Conceptual
izi
ngbuil
dingplanswi
thafocusonst
akehol
derpar
ti
cipat
ionand
col
labor
ati
ontocl
osel
yfoll
ownaturalsyst
ems.(Geodesi
gn)

77.Pr
opagati
onofNoisei
nUrbanEnvi
ronment
s–Modell
ing3Ddat
atoanswerhowur
ban
ci
ti
zensareharmedbynoi
sepoll
uti
on,
andhowt omi
ti
gat
eitwi
thnoi
sebarr
ier
s.

78.SpaceUt
il
izat
ion–AugmentingNASA’
sLangleyResear
chCent
erbyappl
yi
ngopt
imi
zat
ion
al
gori
thmstospaceuti
l
izat
ion.(
SpaceUti
l
izat
ion)

79.OrdnanceSurveyGeovati
on–Pi oneeri
nglocati
oni
nnovati
oni nt
heUni t
edKingdom t
hrough
Geovati
on–t hecoll
aborat
ion,exchangeofideasandi
nspi
ringinnovat
ion.(
OrdnanceSurvey
Geovati
on)

Ar
cti
c/Ant
arct
ica

Ar
cti
cGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

80.Quantar
cti
ca–Famil
iari
zi
ngy our
sel
fwi
thAnt
arct
icwi
tht
hef
ree,
open-
sour
cesour
ce
col
lect
ionofgeogr
aphi
caldataset
s.

81.Excl
usi
veEconomi cZones–Carvingoutboundari
esintheArct
ic–Canada,
Norway,Russi
a,
Denmark(vi
aGreenland)andtheUnit
edStatesareli
mitedtot
hei
reconomicadj
acentt
otheir
coastswhi
l
eallwatersbeyondisconsider
edint
ernati
onalwat
er.

82.Shippi
ngRout
eShor
tcuts–Tr
anspor
ti
nggoodst
hrought
heAr
cti
cpassagebecauseof
melti
ngiceint
heNor
thPole.

83.SeaI
ceMot
ion–Mai
ntai
ninganinventor
yofseai
ceext
ent
ssnapshot
sfr
om NOAA’
s
Nati
onal
SnowandI
ceDat
aCent er
.(SeaIceMoti
on)

84.Aspect–Usi
ngaspectandincomi
ngsol
arr
adi
ati
ondat
atounder
standhowgl
aci
ers
accumulat
eonthepol
ewardside.

85.Subgl
acial
Lakes–Mappi
nglakesundergl
aci
ers–isol
atedfr
om t
heoutsideworl
dforupt
o
35mi l
l
ionyear
s,andmaybef
inalr
efugesforl
i
fe,
thel
ikeofwhichexi
stsnowhereel
seonEart
h.
(Subgl
aci
alLakes)

86.Ant
arct
icDi
git
alMagnet
icAnomal
yPr
oject(
ADMAP)–Uncov er
ingt
hetect
oni
cev
olut
ion
usi
ngnear-
surf
acemagneti
canomal
ydat
a.(Ant
arct
icMagnet
icAnomal
y)
87.Wil
dli
feTr
acki
ng–Loggingthespeci
esri
chnessofmari
nemammal
sli
kewhal
es,
seal
s,
walr
usesandnarwhal
sandseabir
dsorwater
fowlint
heArct
ic.

88.SeaI
ceIndex–Bringi
ngtoget
herdataonAntar
cti
ca’
sicesheetsur
face,
thi
cknessand
boundar
yusingpassi
veremotesensi
ng.(SeaNSI
DCIceIndex)

89.Fi
sh–Showingthepr
obabili
tyofoccur
renceandobser
vati
onsf
orfi
shspeci
es–from
Atl
anti
ccodtoWall
eyePol
lock.(Commissi
onf ort
heConser
vati
onofAnt
arct
icMar
ineLi
ving
Resour
ces)

90.Arcti
cResearchPr
oject
s–Di splayi
ngresear
chpr
oject
s,showi
ngav
ail
abl
edat
aand
expl
oringpossi
blecol
l
aborati
ons.(Arct
icResear
chPr
oject
s)

91.Arct
icOceanFloor–Sculpti
ngtheArct
icOceanwi
tht
hesoni
cdept
hfi
nderanddi
scov
eri
ng
dynamicwit
htrenches,
ridgesandabyssal
plai
ns.

92.Arct
ic’
sGeology–Int
erpret
ingthegeol
ogyoft
heArct
icusi
ngenhancedmagnet
icdat
a,
Landsatimager
yandtopographicdat
a.(Ar
cti
cGeol
ogy
)

93.COMNAPFaci
li
ti
es–MappingouttheCOMNAPfaci
li
ti
esinAnt
arct
icat
hatcur
rent
ly
suppor
tsar
angeofsci
ent
if
icr
esear
ch.(COMNAPFaci
li
ti
es)

94.Pol
arBear–Keepingcount
softhemostvul
ner
abl
epopul
ati
onsofpol
arbear(
duet
o
cl
imatechange)bycompari
ngtwosat
ell
i
tei
magesovert
ime.

95.Sear
chandRescue–Lungi ngintosear
chandrescueoper
ati
onsusi
ngtheSafetyand
Operabi
li
tyIndexwhichcalcul
atesri
skbasedonfact
orssuchasseai
ce,vi
sibi
l
ity
,temper
atur
e,
di
stancefrom SARresources.

96.Envir
onment
alRisk–Assessingtheenvi
ronmentalv
ulner
abil
it
yofmar
iner
esour
ceswi
th
respectt
ooil
spi
llasext
ernal
stressor.(
Arct
icEnv
ironmental
Risk)

97.Pol
arIceMel
t–Moni
tor
ingt
hepol
aricemel
tusi
ngsat
ell
i
teslikeGOCEandGRACEt
hat
measureshowmuchmassi
sonEart
h.(GOCEandGRACESatel
l
ites)
Aquat
ics

Aquat
icsGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

98.Str
eam Or
der–Defi
ningst
ream si
zebasedonahierarchyoft
ri
but
ari
estheStr
ahl
erI
ndex
(orHort
on-
Str
ahl
erI
ndex)–animpor t
anti
ndicat
oroff
isheri
esandaquat
ichabi
tat
.

99.Fi
shHabi
tatModel
s–Connect
ingf
ishspeci
eswi
tht
hei
rhabi
tatusi
nghabi
tatsui
tabi
l
ity
i
ndexes.

100.Whal
eTracki
ng–St
alki
ngpigmykil
ler
,sper
m,beakedandf
alseki
l
lerwhal
esi
nthePaci
fi
c
Oceanwit
honli
nemappi
ngappl
icat
ions.

101.GlobalShar
kTr acker–Monit
ori
ngshar
ksr
ecov
eryr
ateswi
thacoust
ict
agsal
l
owi
ng
detect
ioninmulti
pledimensi
ons.(
OCEARCH)

102.Fi
shEradi
cat
ion–Er
adi
cat
ingNor
ther
npikewhi
chnegat
ivel
yaf
fectl
ocal
troutf
isher
yand
theeconomybytr
acki
ngt
hei
rmovementswit
hGPS.

103.SpawningSi
tes–Dr
awi
ngspawni
ngsi
teboundar
iesf
ormi
grat
oryf
isht
hatar
eknownt
o
rel
easeeggs.

104.Hydro-Acoust
ics–Listeni
ngtoechoeswi t
hhy dro-
acousti
csfort
heCreanLakeHydro-
Acousti
cspr oj
ect–capt
ur i
nglakedept
h, f
ishclass,f
ishstocknumbers,
habi
tatpr
efer
ence
rel
atedtotemperatur
e.(
Cr eanLakeHydro-Acousti
cs)

105.Mer
cur
yinSt
ream –Gr aspi
ngtheor
igi
nofmer
cury–whichar
econt
ami
nant
stof
ish
ti
ssue–byst
udyi
ngthelandscapesuchassoi
l
sandhumus.

106.Fi
shHabit
atConserv
ati
onAreas–Fi
ne-
tuni
ngf
ishhabi
tatconser
vat
ionar
easbyknowi
ng
thebi
gpict
ureoff
ishdist
ri
buti
on.

107.Ov
erfi
shing–Maintai
ningsust
ainabl
efishpopul
ati
onl
evel
swit
hsatell
it
emonit
ori
ngof
seasur
facetemper
atureandoceancolors(becauset
heyar
eindi
cat
iveofspeci
fi
cfi
shspeci
es)
.

108.St
ressMoni
tor
ing–Correl
ati
ngfishst
ressesf
rom t
hel
ocal
env
ironmentsuchasheat
str
essfr
om ther
emovaloft
reesalongastr
eam.

109.SCIMAP–Ident
if
yingl
ocat
ionsofdi
ff
usepoll
uti
onri
skf
orpol
l
utedwat
erandaquat
ic
habi
tatusi
ngSCI
MAP.( Di
ff
usePoll
uti
onRiskMappi
ng)
Av
iat
ion

Av
iat
ionGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

110.Li
veAirTr
aff
ic–Tur
ningy
ourcomput
eri
ntoai
rtr
aff
iccont
rol
cent
erusi
ngFl
i
ghtRadar24.
(Fl
i
ghtRadar24)

111.Ai
rpl
aneIdent
if
icat
ion–Poi
nti
ngy
ourphonet
otheskyandi
dent
if
yingai
rpl
anesabov
eyou
usi
ngFli
ghtRadar24.

112.Worl
d’sBusiestAi
rpor
ts–Surfi
ngtheworl
d’
stop25busi
estai
rpor
tswi
tht
heEsr
iGl
obal
Crossr
oadsStoryMap.(World’
sBusi
estAir
por
ts)

113.Voronoi
Diagram –Discov
eringthatMat
averi
Airpor
tinEasterI
slandist
hemostr
emot
e
ai
rporti
ntheworldwitht
heVor onoiai
rpor
tpr
oximit
ymap.( Vor
onoiDiagram)

114.Obstr
uct
ionEvaluati
on–Securingsafetake-
off
sandl
andi
ngswi
tht
heFeder
alAv
iat
ion
Agency’
s(FAA)ver
ticalobst
ruct
iondatabase

115.Fli
ghtPath–Simulat
ingfl
i
ghtpat
hsi
ntegr
atedwi
thel
evat
iondat
a,i
mager
yandot
her
spati
aldatausi
ngFalconView.

116.SearchforFl
i
ghtMH370–Cr owd-
sour
cingt
hesear
chf
orf
li
ghtMH370wi
thsat
ell
i
te
i
mager yprov
idedbyDi
git
alGl
obe.

117.Ai
rspaceBui
lder–Visual
i
zingt
heairav
ail
abl
etoai
rcr
aftt
ofl
yinwi
th3Dv
olumesusi
ng
NASA’sWor l
dWind.(NASAWor l
dWind)

118.Ai
rTraffi
cCont r
ol–Fi
ne-
tuni
ngai
rtr
affi
ccont
rol
wit
hacommonoper
ati
onal
pict
uref
or
secur
it
yvulnerabi
l
ityandl
anduseper
mitt
ing.

119.DroneNo-
fl
yZones–Deli
neat
ingdr
oneno-
fl
yzoneswher
eit
’si
l
legal
tof
lysuchasnear
ai
rport
sandmili
tar
ybases.

120.Aer
onauti
calCharts–Scout
ingoutbestr
out
es,
saf
eal
ti
tudes,
andnav
igat
ionai
dsi
nthe
skywit
haeronaut
icalchar
ts.

121.RunwayAppr
oachZoneEncr
oachment–Pi
npoi
nti
ngobstr
uct
ionsi
ntheapproachzoneof
arunwayusi
ngdetai
l
edelev
ati
ondatat
oensur
enocoll
isi
onsFAASafet
yAnal
ysis.

122.Air
por
tSoundExposur
e–Assessi ngt
her
elat
ionshipbet
weenai
rcr
aft
-gener
atednoi
se
l
evelsandl
anduses,noi
serecept
ors,
anddemographicsint
heai
rpor
tenvi
rons.

123.FlyThrough–Crui
singt
hehi
ghal
ti
tudeswi
thi
nter
act
ive3Dv
iewi
ngandf
ly-
thr
oughswi
th
Landserf
.(Landser
f)
124.Fl
i
ghtSimul
ator–Becomi
ngapi l
oti
nthecockpi
twit
hthr
ee-di
mensi
onalper
spect
ivev
iews
ofanareabycombinedwi
thel
evat
ionandimager
y.(Onl
i
neFli
ghtSi
mulat
or)

125.Ai
rSpaceRev
iew–Aut
omat
ingt
hedissemi
nati
onandpor
tray
alofSpeci
alAct
ivi
ty
Air
spacei
nfor
mati
onvi
aOGCWebServi
ces.(
Env
iti
aSpeci
alAi
rSpace)

Aut
omobi
l
e

Aut
omobi
l
eGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

126.Toy
otaVehicleCr
owdSour
cing–Pieci
ngt
oget
herhy
per
-pr
eci
seandup-
to-
dat
emaps
usi
ngToyotavehicl
e’
sGPSandcamera.

127.I
n-Vehi
cleUsage–Moni t
ori
ngdri
vi
nghabitsl
i
kespeed,
suddenaccel
erat
ion,
andpushi
ng
hardonthebrakesfori
nsur
anceunder
writ
ing.

128.GeoFencing–I
mmobil
izi
ngcrossbor
dertr
avel
withgeof
enci
ng(
vir
tual
bar
ri
ers)–per
fect
forcarshar
ingandr
ent
alpr
ograms.(ToGeof
enceornot)

129.Sel
f-
Dri
vi
ngVehi
cles–Sit
ti
ngbackandrel
axi
ngwhileGoogl
e’
sautonomouscardoesal
l
theworkequi
ppedwi
thLiDAR,
GPS,aniner
ti
aluni
tandsophi
sti
cat
edsoftwar
e.(
Google’
sSel
f-
Dri
vingCar
)

130.GPSRecei
ver
s–Nurturi
ngmappingtechnol
ogyasi
t’
sal
mostst
andar
dtohav
eaGPS
recei
verandamoni
torwi
thal
lthel
atestmaps.

131.WazeReal
-Ti
meDriv
ing–Savi
ngt i
meandmoneyonyourcommut
easdri
ver
sshar
ereal
-
ti
metraf
fi
cinf
ormati
onandroadal
ert
swi t
heachot
herwi
thWaze.(
WazeLi
veMap)

132.Esti
mat
edTr
avel
Time–Locki
ngi
nyourdest
inat
ionandget
ti
ngl
i
veupdat
esf
orest
imat
ed
tr
avelti
me.

133.MorganFr eeman’
sVoice–Enj
oyi
ngthecalm,soot
hingv oi
ceofMorganFr
eemanashe
del
iver
sdirect
ionsfrom y
ourGPSnavi
gat
ionsyst
em.(Mor ganFreemanGPS)
Banki
ng

Banki
ngGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

134.MarketShare–Examiningbr
anchl
ocati
ons,compet
it
orlocat
ions,anddemogr
aphi
c
charact
eri
sti
cstoident
if
yareaswort
hyofexpansi
onordet
erminemar ketshar
e.

135.ATM Machi
ne–Fil
li
ngi
nmarketandservi
cegapsbyunder
standi
ngwherecust
omers,
faci
l
iti
es,
andcompet
it
orsar
ewi
thaddresslocat
ing,
dat
abasemanagement,andquer
ytool
s.

136.Worl
dBankEconomi
cSt
ati
sti
cs–Sl
i
cinganddi
cingr
awf
inanci
aldat
afr
om t
heWor
ld
Bank.(
WorldBankDat
a)

137.Mer
gerandAcqui
sit
ions–Pr of
il
ingandf
indi
ngoppor
tuni
ti
est
ogai
nandbui
l
dwher
e
cust
omersarewi
thmarketprof
il
ing

138.Suppl
yandDemand–I
dent
if
yingunder
-ser
vedar
easandanal
yzi
ngy
ourcompet
it
or’
s
market.

139.Communi t
yRei
nvest
mentAct(
CRA)–Ful f
il
li
ngt
heobli
gat
ionstol
oani
nareaswit
h
part
icul
arat
tenti
ont
olow-andmoderat
e-i
ncomehousehol
ds–usingGI
Stounderst
andspat
ial
demographi
cs.

140.Mobi
l
eBanki
ng–Capturi
nglocat
ionswher
eexi
sti
ngmobi
l
etr
ansact
ionoccurand
assi
sti
ngi
nmobil
esecur
it
yinf
rast
ruct
ure.

Busi
ness

Busi
nessGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

141.Fl
eetManagement–Stayi
ngi
nrout
eandsol
vi
ngschedul
i
ngpr
obl
emswi
thf
leet
management.(
NetworkAnal
ysi
s)

142.AugmentedReali
ty–Augmenti
ngreal
it
ywi t
hcommer
cial
usei
nmi
nd–suchas
adver
ti
singandrest
aurantr
evi
ews.(
GoogleGlass)

143.Di
rectMarket
ing–Rev
ital
i
zingsel
l
ingst
rat
egi
esbyr
eachi
ngoutt
ocust
omer
sdi
rect
lywi
th
l
ocati
onalint
ell
i
gence.

144.Dr
ive-Ti
meAnal
ysi
s–Determi
ningatradear
eabasedonhowlongacustomermustdri
ve
togett
ot hestor
e–f
actor
ingi
nstr
eetspeedli
mit
s,t
raf
ficv
olumes,
andotheri
mpedance.
145.Inter
netofThings–I mpr ovi
ngeffi
ciency,
accuracy,andeconomicbenefi
tthr
ougha
networkofphysicalobject
ssuchasdev i
ces,vehi
cles,bui
ldi
ngs,andotheri
tems—embedded
wit
hel ect
roni
cs,software,sensors,
andnet workconnecti
vit
ythatenablest
heseobject
sto
col
lectandexchangei nfor
mat ionwit
honeanot her.(I
nter
netofThings)

146.Mar ketShareAnalysi
s–Optimizi
ngthel
ocat
ionsoffacil
it
iessotheall
ocat
eddemandi
s
maximizedi nthepresenceofcompeti
tor
susi
ngtoolsl
ikelocat
ion-al
l
ocat
ioninArcGI
S.
(Locat
ion-All
ocati
onTool )

147.NearestLocati
on–Resolvingthenearestgasst
ati
on,
rest
aur
ant
sorcof
feeshopusi
ng
GPS-basedpositi
oningandgeocodedbusinessdata.

148.Proper
tyApprai
sal
–Appr ai
singresi
dent
ialproper
ti
esusingCensusdat
aandf
indi
ngy
our
proper
tyonl
inethr
oughint
eracti
veproper
tyassessmentviewers.

149.I
nter
netGeocoding–Mappingandanalyzi
nguser-
generat
edgeocodeddatatogeta
gl
impseofwhatinter
netuser
s(i
ntheaggregate)t
hinkaboutpar
ti
cul
arplaces.(
Geocodi
ng)

150.Geocodi
ngBusi
nesses–Pinpoi
nti
ngany
thi
ngt
oev
ery
thi
ngf
rom r
est
aur
ant
s,banks,
and
donutshopswit
hali
stofaddr
esses.

151.ReverseGeocodi
ng–Geocodi
ngi
nrev
erse;
taki
ngl
ocat
ionsf
rom amapandl
i
sti
ngt
hei
r
addresses.

152.Dayt
imePopulat
ion–Marketi
ngpr
oductseff
ecti
vel
ywit
hdetai
ledday
timepopulat
ion
demographi
csforanarear
efl
ect
ingwhoworksinthatar
eaasopposedtoresi
dent
ial
demographi
cs.

153.Local
Adver
ti
sing–Adver
ti
singt
hroughsoci
al,
local
,andmobi
l
emedi
umst
hroughl
ocat
ion
andmakingpr
esencemoreknown.

154.TaxHavens–Shel
ter
ingt
axt
hrought
axhav
enst
henput
ti
ngi
tal
lonamap.(
Open
Corpor
ates)

155.GeoBr
andi
ng–Incr
easi
ngcredi
bil
i
tyandi
ncreasi
ngsal
eswi
thpr
ospect
ivecl
i
ent
s,v
endor
s
andmediabyconv
eyi
ngcomplexdat
at oi
ncr
easesales.

156.Desi
reLi
nes–Plott
ingdesi
rel
i
nesshowi
ngst
orest
hatser
vescust
omer
s.(
Ori
ginand
Desti
nati
on–QGISOursi
nsPlugi
n)

157.Commercial
Establ
ishment
s–Updat i
ngcommer ci
alestabl
i
shmentusi
nggv
SIGMobi
l
e
andalocal
databases.(
Commer ci
alEst
abl
ishmentDatabase)

158.Suppl
yChain–Fi
ndingwhi
chsuppl
ychai
nsar
evul
ner
abl
etobet
terpl
anf
ori
nter
rupt
ions
(Boundl
essSuppl
yChai
n)

159.I
ntegr
atedFr
eightNet
wor
kModel
–Int
egr
ati
nghi
ghl
ydet
ail
edi
nfor
mat
ionaboutshi
ppi
ng
cost
s,t
ransfercosts,
traf
fi
cvolumesandnet
wor
kint
erconnect
ivi
typr
oper
ti
esi
naGI
S-based
pl
atf
orm.(Integr
atedFrei
ghtNetwor
kModel)

160.Capi
tal
Proj
ect
s–Li
sti
ngal
lthecapi
tal
proj
ect
swi
thdi
ff
erentst
agesofcompl
eti
on.

161.Gr
avi
tyModel
s–Determiningt
heli
keli
hoodofcustomerspat
roni
zi
ngapar
ti
cul
arst
ore
basedont
hestor
e’spr
oxi
mity
, compet
it
ion,andot
herfact
ors.

162.Empl
oyeeTr
avel
Times–Model
l
ingt
rav
elt
imesi
nur
bannet
wor
ksf
orempl
oyeet
rav
el
ti
mes.

163.St
oreOpeni
ngs–Hi
stor
ici
zi
ngacompany
’sst
oreopeni
ngs.(
IKEASt
oreOpeni
ngs)

164.Four
squar
e–Recommendi
ng50mi
ll
ionuser
ssear
chforr
est
aurant
s,recommendbar
s,
andcheck-
inar
oundt
hewor
ldwit
haMapboxcust
om br
andedmap.(
Foursquare)

165.I
nfr
astr
uctur
eExpansi
on–Compar
inghi
stor
ical
dat
atocur
rentcondi
ti
onswi
thsat
ell
i
te
dataf
rom Astr
oDigi
tal
.

ConsumerBehav
ior

ConsumerSci
enceGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

166.DataAnal
yti
cs–Anal
yzi
ngl
ocat
ion-
basedinf
ormati
ontorev
ealt
herel
ati
onshi
pbet
ween
i
ndivi
duals,
fami
li
es,
andcommuni
ti
es,andtheenvi
ronmenti
nwhicht
heyli
ve.

167.Huf
fModel –Calculat
ingsalespot
enti
albasedontheHuf fModel–ani
nter
act
ionmodel
measuri
ngtheprobabil
it
iesofconsumersateachori
ginlocat
ionpatr
oni
zi
nganewst or
e
i
nsteadofotherst
ores.(
Huf fGr
av i
tyModel
)

168.ConsumerProfi
l
ing–Opti
mizingconsumerprof
ili
ngwit
hlocat
ion-
basedi
nfor
mat
ionon
age,et
hnici
ty,
educat
ion,
housi
ng,andmore.(GeoEnr
ichment
)

169.Retai
lCustomerSegment
ati
on–Segmenti
ngmar ket
sbycust
omerpr
otot
ypest
oimpr
ove
theeff
ecti
venessofcampai
gns.(
Esr
iTapest
rySegmentat
ion)

170.Buyi
ngBehavi
or–Correl
ati
ngunthi
nkabl
evar
iabl
esl
i
keweat
herandl
ocat
ionwi
thbuy
ing
behavi
orstof
indsal
esopport
unit
ies.

171.Retai
lSt
oreMovement–Detai
l
inghowcust
omer
smov
ethr
oughr
etai
lst
ores,
whatt
hey
bought,
rej
ected,
andlookedat
.
172.Real
-Ti
meGasPri
ces–Cr owdsour
cinggaspr
iceupdat
esatv
ari
ousgasst
ati
onsonor
al
ongar out
e.(
WazeCrowdsourcedGasPri
ces)

173.St
orePlacement–Guidi
ngtheplacementofnewstor
esbyst
udy
ingdi
sposabl
eincome,
popul
ati
on,orotherv
ari
abl
estobestservet
hepopulat
ion.

Cl
i
mat
eChange

Cl
i
mat
eChangeGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

174.NASAEarthObservat
ory–Expl
ori
ngthecausesandeffect
sofcli
mat
echangeofour
atmospher
e,oceans,
landandli
fet
hroughtheuseofsat
ell
i
tedata.(
NASAEar
thObservat
ory
)

175.Cli
mateChangeSkepti
cs–Turningskept
icsi
ntobel
i
ever
s.Mapsmakecl
i
mat
echange
fi
ndingseasi
erf
orskept
icstounder
standandaccept
.(Cl
i
mateViewer
)

176.Eart
hI nt
eract
ions–Modell
ingv
eget
ati
on,
atmospher
ic,
rai
nfal
landecosy
stemst
ost
udy
thei
rint
eracti
onssimult
aneousl
y

177.SeaLev
elRi
se–Coll
ect
ingdat
atost
udyseal
evel
riseandcl
i
mat
echangef
rom Jason-
3
sat
ell
it
e.(
Cli
mateCent
ral
)

178.Count
yCli
mate–Seef oryour
sel
fhowaver
agemaxi
mum t
emper
atur
eri
ses/
fal
l
sineach
countyi
ntheUni
tedSt
ates.(Count
yCl
imate)

179.Desert
if
icat
ion–Underst
andingtheunder
lyi
ngcausesofdeser
ti
fi
cat
ionsuchas
i
nappropri
ateagri
cul
tur
epract
ices,def
orest
ati
onanddrought
.

180.LandSurf
aceTemper
atureChange–Usingmapalgebratoseehowl
andsur
face
temperat
urechangesy
ear
-by-
year
.(LandSur
faceTemperat
ure)

181.Pi
eci
ngToget hertheCl
i
mateChangePuzzle–Combini
ngvar
iouscl
imatechangedat
a
set
sfrom v
arioussources–forexampl
erel
ati
nglandpr
acti
ceswi
thatmospher
eaerosol
s.
(Ar
cGISOnli
ne)

182.Pol
l
uti
onModel
l
ing–Mappi
ngai
rpol
l
uti
onsour
cesandi
mpact
sonenv
ironmentand
peopl
e.

183.Googl
ePl
anetaryEngi
ne–Seei
ngwi
thy
ourownt
woey
est
heal
armi
ngchangesofour
pl
anet.(
Googl
ePlanetar
yEngi
ne)

184.Bi
rdRi
skandRichness–St
udy
ingt
heef
fect
sofshr
inki
nghabi
tat
sonbi
rdpopul
ati
onsi
n
theworl
d.(
Audubon)
185.Car
bonSequestr
ati
on–Defer
ringgl
obal
war
mingt
hroughcar
bonsequest
rat
iont
hrough
l
ocati
on-
basedcarbonmanagementsyst
ems.

186.Köppen-
GeigerCl
imateClassi
fi
cat
ion–Modell
i
ngobservedandpr
oject
edcli
matechange
scenar
ioswit
hvariabl
essuchaspopulati
ongr
owth,economi
cdevel
opment,andv
ary
ingenergy
useandtechnol
ogicali
nnovat
ions.

187.Smog–Squi
nti
ngy
ourey
est
oseet
hroughal
loft
hatsmog.

188.Temperat
ureChange–Measuri
ngtheef
fect
sofgreenhousegasesasthemaincul
pri
tof
temperat
urechangebymappi
ngtemper
atur
eatlevel
sabovetheEart
h’ssur
face.

189.Cl
imat
eChangeDesign–Redesi
gni
ngt
oaccommodat
ecl
i
mat
echangeandpi
npoi
nti
ng
thosel
ocat
ionsneededmost
.

190.LandChangeModel
ler–Si mpli
fyinginnovat
ivelandplanni
nganddecisi
onsupportwith
I
DRISI’
sLandChangeModel er
.Iti
ncludesspecialtoolsf
ortheassessmentofREDD( Reduci
ng
Emissi
onsfr
om Defor
est
ationandf orestDegradati
on)cli
mat echangemi
ti
gationst
rategi
es.

191.Veget
ationIndi
ces–Usingremotesensi
ngveget
ati
oni
ndi
cesl
i
keNDVI
,CTVI
,NRVI
,and
PVItomonitorveget
ati
onchangethr
oughoutti
me.

Cr
ime

Cr
imeGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

192.CrimePatt
erns–Respondi
ngtocri
meswithadat
a-dri
venapproachanddel
i
vert
ail
ored
responsest
hroughrapi
ddepl
oymentofper
sonnel
andresources.(
Spil
l
manCompStat)

193.Inci
dentMap–Keepi ngt
hecommunitysaferbystr
eamingvi
sual
medi
umsforar
son,
assault
,burgl
ary
,homi
cide,pr
ost
it
uti
on,
robbery
, t
heft
,andvandal
i
sm i
naci
ty.

194.Aut
oThef
tandRecov
ery–Tr
acki
ngaut
othef
twi
thGPS-
enabl
edv
ehi
cles.

195.SexOffenders–Tracki
ngpastcriminal
off
ender
swi
thGPSmov
ementpat
ter
nsi
n
rel
ati
onshi
pt oschool
sandot herent
it
ies.

196.EmergencyCal
l
sandDispatch–Anemergencycal
lstar
tsandendsatal
ocat
ion.GIScan
manageboth911call
sanddispatchi
nguni
tst
opreci
selocat
ions.(
Zet
ronComput
er-
Aided
Dispat
ch)

197.LawEnf
orcementOper
ati
ons–Allocat
inganddi
spat
chi
ngpol
i
ceof
fi
cer
swher
eit
’s
neededmostbystudy
ingcr
imeact
ivi
ti
es.
198.Unl
awfulLandl
ords–Capturi
ngther
mal si
gnat
uresofi
l
legal
tenant
sinshedsbecause
rent
ingoutshedsi
sil
legal
inLondon,
England.

199.Pr
edict
ivePoli
cing–Patrol
li
ngMappi
ngclust
ersofburgl
ari
esorot
hercr
imesassigni
ng
morepoli
ceinthoselocat
ionsusi
ngheatmapsorGeti
s-OrdGeneral
Gandpointpat
ter
ns.

200.Mi
ssingBodySear
ch–Narr
owingdownt
hesear
chofami
ssi
ngbyf
indi
ngsubt
let
err
ain
anomal
iesint
hegroundusi
ngLi
DAR.

201.Megan’
sLaw–Obey ingther
equirementf
orlocal
lawenfor
cementagenci
estonot
if
y
resi
dent
saboutthepresenceofcert
ainsexoff
endersi
nthei
rareabyonl
ycontact
ingabuff
ered
areaoft
heoffender
’sresi
dence.

202.Forensi
cGI S–Appl
yingsci
enceandgeogr
aphici
nformati
onfortheinvesti
gat
ingofa
cri
me–suchasusi ngGPS-r
ecor
dedinfor
mati
oninvehi
clestoprov
et helocati
onatthescene
ofacrime.(Forensi
cGI
S–TheRol eofGeospat
ial
Technologi
esforInvesti
gati
ngCrimeand
Provi
dingEvidence)

203.GeoEv
entNot
if
icat
ion–Av
oidi
nghi
gh-
cri
mear
easwi
thgeof
enci
ngwhendel
i
ver
inghi
gh-
val
uedgoods.

204.Ext
raPenal
ti
es–Dishi
ngoutextrapenalt
iest
ocr
imi
nal
sifconv
ict
edofsel
l
ingdr
ugs
wit
hinaspeci
fi
eddist
anceofschool
property
.

205.I
ll
egalSmuggl
ing–Moni
tor
ingcr
oss-
bor
dersmuggl
i
ngact
ivi
tybypl
aci
ngaGPSona
vehi
cl
ewi t
hawarrantt
odoso.

206.FearofCr
ime–I
nter
viewi
ngi
ndi
vi
dual
sforf
earofcr
imeusi
ngGPS-
enabl
edmobi
l
e
computing.

207.Geographi
cPr of
il
ing–Usi
ngaconnect
edseri
esofcri
mest odet
ermi
nethemost
probabi
l
ist
iclocat
ionofacri
minal
off
enderorof
fense–useful
forfi
ndi
ngser
ialcr
imi
nal
s.

208.St
alki
ng–AbusingGPSt echnol
ogybyst
alki
ngwi
thaGPSr
ecei
ver
.AGPSj
ammer
prev
entsposi
ti
onal
monitor
ing.

209.Fi
r stResponse–Gett
ingt
oacri
mescenequi
ckerwi
thal
lthecr
it
ical
inf
ormat
ionneededi
n
thefi
eld.(AdashiI
nci
dentCommandSof
twar
e)

210.Traf
fi
cViolat
ions–Coll
ect
ingandmappingtr
aff
ici
nci
dentt
oassessi
funi
tsshoul
dbe
spreadoutorconcentr
atedi
ncert
ainl
ocat
ions.

211.OpenAirDrugMarket
s–Uncoveri
ngrel
ati
onshipbetweencri
mesandthel
ocat
ionofopen-
ai
rdrugmarketsbasedonanal
ogouscri
mesthroughoutothercommuni
ti
es

212.Ankl
eMonitor–Homingi
nonthoseunderhousear
restorpar
ole.GPSbr
acel
etsonl
yhav
e
val
ueifyouknowwheret
heyaregoi
ng.
Def
ense

Def
enseandMi
l
itar
yGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

213.AugmentedReal
i
tySandt
able(ARES)–I
mprovi
ngbat
tl
espaceandmi
l
itar
yvi
sual
i
zat
ion
wit
hproject
edGISdataonasandtabl
e.(
Augment
edReal
it
y)

214.Terr
ori
sm Sear
ch–FindingOsamaBinLadenusingr
emotesensi
ngimagerywith
bi
ogeographi
ctheor
y(di
stance-
decayt
heoryandi
slandbi
ogeogr
aphytheor
y).(
Findi
ngOsama
BinLaden)

215.Anti
-ai
rcr
aft–Answer
ingant
i-
air
craf
tgunr
eachusi
ng3Ddomel
ayer
stoav
oiddanger
ous
ai
rspace(Anti
-ai
rcr
aft
)

216.Saf
eLandi
ngs–Parachut
ingf
rom t
heski
essaf
elybyev
aluat
iont
heunder
lyi
ng
surr
oundi
ngsoft
hearea.

217.Int
ell
igenceDat
aIntegr
ation–Overlay
ingaccur
ategeogr
aphi
cdat
aforbat
tl
efi
eld
appl
icati
onandmakel i
fesavingdeci
sions

218.CombatFl
ightPl
anni
ngSoft
ware(CFPS)–Pr
evi
ewi
ngcombatr
out
es,
weapondel
i
ver
y,
andair
droppl
anningi
nFalconVi
ew.(
FalconVi
ew)

219.Reconnai
ssanceSatel
l
ites–Spyi
ngonenemi
eswi
thsat
ell
i
tes–f
rom Cor
onai
n1959t
o
theti
nyCubeSat’
sbeingusedtoday
.

220.BaseConstr
ucti
onPl
anni
ng–Const
ruct
ingabasesi
tewi
thouti
tbei
ngv
isi
blef
rom near
by
majorroadsusi
ngthe3Dskyl
i
net
ool
.

221.GEOINT–Reveal
i
nghumanact
ivi
tyt
hrought
heuseofgeospat
ial
inv
est
igat
ionand
ul
trav
iol
ettomi
crowavei
mager
y.

222.Mi
l
itar
ySi
mul
ati
on–Si
mul
ati
nggr
oundv
ehi
clei
nahi
ghl
yreal
i
sti
cvi
rt
ual
wor
ld.

223.USArmyCorpsofEngi
neer
s–Del
iv
eri
ngvi
tal
publ
icandmil
it
aryengi
neer
ingser
vices
keepi
nggeospat
ial
inf
ormat
ioni
nmi
nd.(USAr
myCorpsofEngi
neers)

224.Pi
geonMapping–Spy i
ngonenemiesi
nWor
ldWarI
Iwi
tht
heBav
ari
anPi
geonCor
ps–a
fl
ockofpi
geonsequippedwit
hcameras.

225.Chokepoi
nt–Saf
eguardi
ngchokepoi
ntsli
kebr
idgesordamswher
ecr
it
ical
inf
rast
ruct
ure
conver
ge–explosi
onsher
ewouldcausemul t
ipl
eef
fects.

226.Bi
rdSt
ri
ke–Fl
yi
ngsaf
elyt
hrought
heBi
rdAv
oidanceModel
(BAM)–at
empor
alr
ast
ergr
id
equal
tot
hesum oft
hemeanbi
rdmassf
oral
lspeci
espr
esent
.

227.Ur
anium Depl
eti
on–Mappi
ngdepl
etedur
ani
um andpr
event
ingi
tfr
om get
ti
ngi
ntot
he
wronghands.

228.Presi
dentAssassi
nat
ion–Pr
event
ingassassi
nat
ionsbyunder
standi
ngt
hel
ogi
sti
csofa
pastone.

229.Mobi
l
eCommandModel
i
ng–Set
ti
ngupshopbyf
indi
ngt
hemostopt
imal
mobi
l
e
commandlocat
ion.

230.CommonOperat
ingPi
ctur
e–Get
ti
ngev
ery
oneont
hesamepagewi
thaCommon
Operat
ingPi
ctur
e.

231.Mil
i
taryMissi
onPlanni
ng–Incr
easi
ngoperat
ional
awar
enesst
ohel
i
copt
erpi
l
otst
hrough
3Dforconduct
ingingr
essandegr
essmov ement
.

232.Locat
ional
Int
ell
igence–Creati
ngsaf
etyanddangerar
easforground-
to-
groundweapons
(Sur
faceDangerZones)andai
r-
to-gr
oundWeaponDangerZone.(RangeManagementToolkit
(RMTK))

233.Uni
tedNat
ionsPeacekeepi
ng–Peacekeepi
ngemploy
ingthenecessar
yhumani
tar
ianai
d,
devel
opi
ngpeaceinwar-
torncount
ri
es,
andprovi
dingt
henecessar
ysupport.

234.Cri
ti
cal
Featur
es–I dent
if
yingt
hreat
stohomel
andsecur
it
ybycol
l
ect
ingknowl
edgeoft
he
bui
ltandcul
tur
alenvi
ronments.

235.Tacti
cal
Planni
ng–Deployi
ngtr
oopsandmili
tar
yequipmenttocombatzonesi
ntel
l
igent
ly
bysearchi
ngcompressedandqui
ck-
loadi
ngr
econnai
ssanceimagery
.

236.Mot i
onVideo–Captur
inggeor
efer
encedv
ideotoassessany
thi
ngsuchasoperat
ional
statusofanindust
ri
alpl
ant
,bombdamageonat ar
getorlengt
hofarunway
.(GeoMedi
aMot ion
VideoAnalyst)

237.Homel
andSecuri
ty–Addr
essi
ngvulner
abi
l
iti
esandf
ormul
ati
ngpr
epar
ednessmeasur
esi
n
caseoft
err
ori
sm andemer
gencysi
tuat
ions.

238.Vi
rt
ual
Real
i
ty–Si
mul
ati
ngmi
l
itar
yandt
rai
ningi
na3Denv
ironmentusi
ngGI
Sdat
a.

239.Att
ackModell
i
ng–Model i
ngapotenti
alatt
acktol
egit
imi
zetheneedsandhav e
pol
icymaker
str
ulyunder
standt
heconsequencesofanatt
ackwit
hpreparednessexpendi
tur
es.

240.Hel
i
copterLandi
ng–I
nvent
ory
ingpot
ent
ial
landi
ngzonest
ohel
i
copt
ersunseen,
unhear
d,
andonfl
atterr
ain.

241.Guar
dPost
ing–Post
ingar
medguar
dsi
nopt
imal
locat
ionst
oel
i
minat
echokepoi
nts.
242.3DFences–Buil
dingsecur
ityf
enceswi
thpost
-i
nter
val
andnumberofwi
res/
boar
dswi
th
hei
ghtsi
na3DGI Senvi
r onment
.

243.WarMaps–Fami
l
iar
izi
ngonesel
fwi
tht
heenemydef
ensesandt
err
it
orybymappi
ng
str
ategi
cat
tacks.

244.Worl
dTradeCenter–Respondi
ngt oterr
ori
stat
tacksi
ncl
udingreal
-t
imedatadel
i
ver
y,
vi
cti
mt r
acki
ng,f
acil
it
yandresour
cevulnerabi
li
ty,
dat
aav ai
l
abi
li
ty,i
mplementat
ion,
envi
ronment
alexposureandai
rmonit
oring(WorldTr
adeCenterGISResponse)

245.Geor
efer
encedVi
deo–Catal
ogingandret
ri
evi
ngful
lmoti
onvi
deousi
ngtheArcGI
SFul
l
MotionVi
deoAdd-I
norHexagonGeospat
ial
GeoMediaMoti
onGeoVi
deoAnal
yst.

246.Det
ect
ingI
ED–Moni
tor
ingdi
stur
bedsur
facesonedayt
onextt
ofi
ndI
mpr
ovi
sedExpl
osi
ve
Devi
ces

247.Logi
sti
cs–Respondi
ngt
omi
l
itar
yandsecur
it
ydeci
sionswi
tht
imel
ylogi
sti
csandsuppor
t.

248.Camouf
lageDet
ect
ion–Car
ryi
ngoutear
lyr
econnai
ssancemi
ssi
onsdur
ingwarusi
ngnear
-i
nfr
ared.

249.Mil
it
aryGri
dRefer
enceSystem –Locat
ingpoint
sont heEar
thwi
thf
rom t
hreepar
ts–gr
id
zonedesi
gnator
,squar
eident
if
ier,
andnumerical
locat
ions.

Di
sast
er

Di
sast
erGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

250.Richt
erScal
e–Depict
ingear
thquakesona3Dgl
obel
i
kespi
kesonapor
cupi
nef
oreach
readi
ngont heRi
cht
erscal
e.

251.Shar
edOper
ati
ons–Respondi
ngtodisast
erswi
thqui
cknessandrel
i
abil
it
yusi
nga
CommonOperati
ngPict
ureandcl
oudser
vices(Cl
oudGI
SforDisast
erMonit
ori
ng)

252.Cher
nobylExcl
usionZone–Buf
fer
ingar
adi
usof18.
6mi
l
es(
30km)whi
chi
snowknown
astheChernobyl
Exclusi
onZone.

253.Landsl
i
deVul
ner
abi
l
ity–Dodgi
ngl
andsl
i
deswi
thr
eli
efmapsand3Danal
ysi
s.

254.Hurri
caneResponse–Sidesteppi
ngthethreatofhurr
icanesbyt
racki
nghi
stor
ical
hurr
icanepathsandthr
oughbetterdi
sast
erresponse/assi
stance.
255.Ear
thquakePredi
cti
on–Obtai
ningearthquakesi
gnatur
esmeasur
ingsubduct
ionev
ent
s
wit
hGRACEsat el
li
teandthegeoi
d.(
EarthquakePredi
cti
on)

256.Coast
alSur
ges–Est
imat
ingr
iski
nthr
eest
epsusi
ngHAZUSsof
twar
ebyFEMA.

257.Ci
ti
zenAl
ert–Guarant
eei
ngpr
otect
ionofci
ti
zensbydel
i
ver
inggeo-
tar
get
edal
ert
son
mobil
e.(FMEServ
erReal
-Ti
meEart
hquakeRepor
ti
ng)

258.What-i
fScenar
ios–Det
ermi
ninghi
gherl
i
kel
i
hoodev
ent
sbasedonhi
stor
ical
dat
aand
spati
alanal
ysi
s.

259.Evacuat
ion–Ev
aluat
ingev
acuat
ioncapabi
l
iti
esnei
ghbor
hoodsmayf
aceandgener
ati
ng
eff
ecti
vedesign.

260.Oi
lSpi
l
l–Degr
easi
ngoi
lspi
l
lsbyi
dent
if
yingcur
rentdi
rect
ionandr
ateofoi
lmov
ement
.

261.TornadoWar
ningSi
ren–Saf
eguardi
ngr
esi
dent
swi
thef
fect
ivesi
rencov
eragei
ntor
nado
al
ley.(
TornadoWarni
ngSir
enModel
l
ing)

262.Fi
reSev
eri
ty–Pr
ior
it
izi
ngpr
event
ionandpl
anni
ngef
for
tsdur
ingf
orestf
ir
es.

263.Fl
oodForecast
ing–Si
mul
ati
ngwi
thst
ream di
schar
gehy
drogr
aphswi
thv
ari
ati
onsof
waterovert
ime.

264.Tor
nadoAl
l
ey–Fi
ndi
ngpat
ter
nsofhi
stor
ical
tor
nadoesi
nTor
nadoAl
l
ey.

265.Av
alancheModeli
ng–Uncoveri
ngareaspronetoaval
anchesbyassessi
nghi
ghslopes
wit
hsparseveget
ati
onforr
esi
denti
alpl
anning,
skiresor
ts,
andhighwaysafet
ypl
anni
ng.

266.Tsunami
Damage–I
dent
if
yinghi
ghr
iskar
easf
ort
sunami
damage

267.Emer
gencyShel
ter–Al
l
ocat
ingemer
gencyshel
teratt
imeofdi
sast
er

268.ConsequencesAssessmentTool Set(
CATS)–Analyzingdamaget
otheenv
ironment,
the
exposedpopulat
ion,andpr
ovidesreal
-ti
meresour
ceall
ocationi
nfor
mat
iont
omiti
gatethe
consequences.(
LeidosConsequencesAssessmentToolSet)

269.Vul
nerabi
l
itytoNat
uralHazar
ds–Deselect
inghazar
d-pr
onel
andf
ormor
eresi
l
ient
communiti
esthroughsmartl
andplanni
ng.

270.Sear
chandRescue–Rescuingmi
ssi
ngpeopl
ebyusi
ngsmal
l
,hi
ghl
ymaneuv
erabl
e
unmannedaeri
alv
ehicl
es(
drones).

271.Volcani
cAsh–Render
ingv
olcani
cashcl
oudsi
n3Df
ort
hei
rdi
sper
sionofspi
l
lages
underwater.

272.Ear
thquakeEpicent
er/Hypocent
er–Establi
shi
ngt
heepi
cent
er,
hypocent
ers,
faul
tsand
l
ineaments,
radi
us,andfrequencyofear
thquakes.
273.Vol
canoActi
vi
ty–Monitori
ngther
mal
emi
ssi
onf
rom t
hev
olcano’
ssummi
tinI
cel
and
usi
ngLandsat
’sThermal
Inf
rared.

274.Disast
erWarning–Alert
ingci
ti
zensbefor
ealarge-
scal
eearthquakehappenswit
hanew
gener
at i
onofint
er-
operabl
eearl
ywarningsy
stemsformulti
plehazards.(
DEWS–Di st
antEar
ly
WarningSystem f
orTsunamis–uDig)

275.Eart
hquakeAssi
stance–Assi
sti
ngint
heaft
ermathofthemassi
veEcuadorearthquakeby
l
ist
ing“SafePl
ace”l
ocati
onsfr
om gover
nmentl
i
sti
ngs.(WazeCommunit
yAssistance)

276.Disast
erDebr
is–Esti
mat
ingdebr
isamount
stobet
terpr
epar
eandr
espondt
oamaj
or
debri
sgenerat
ingevent
.

277.Ear
thquake-
Landsl
ideSusceptibi
li
ty–Mappi ngthesuscept
ibi
l
ityofeart
hquakei nduced
l
andsli
desusinganarti
fi
cial
neuralnetworksandf act
orssuchassl
ope,aspect,curvatur
eand
di
stancefr
om drai
nage.(Ear
thquake-Landsl
ideSuscepti
bil
it
yUsi
ngNeur alNetworks)

Ecol
ogy

Ecol
ogyGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

278.Telemetr
y–Collect
ingGPSl
ocat
ionsf
rom col
l
aredmammal
sforst
ori
ng,
displ
ayi
ng,
and
anal
yzingthei
rcoor
dinat
es.

279.Habi
tatSuit
abi
l
ity–Fact
ori
nginall
thev
ari
abl
est
ounder
standt
hehabi
tatt
hatani
mal
s
sel
ectandavoidusi
ngli
nearr
egressi
on.

280.LandFacetCorr
idorAnal
ysi
s–I
dent
if
yingl
i
nkagesbet
weenwi
l
dli
feandl
andscapes.(
Land
FacetCorr
idorAnal
ysis)

281.LandscapeFragment
ati
onTools(
LFT)–Classi
fyi
ngl
andcovert
ypesintof
orest
fr
agmentationcat
egori
es–patch,
edge,per
for
ated,
andcor
e.(
LandscapeFragmentat
ionTool
s
LFT)

282.Migrat
ionPat
terns–Si
mulati
ngt
heEastAf
ri
canwi
l
debeestmi
grat
ionpat
ter
nsf
ort
he
Serenget
i–Maraecosyst
em i
nEastAf
ri
ca.

283.Pat
hMet r
ics–Calcul
atest
urnangl
es,st
eplengths,
beari
ngs,
timei
nter
val
sforapoi
nt
ti
meseriesdat
asetusi
ngGME.(Geospati
alModell
ingEnvir
onment–GME)

284.DNATrait
s–Mappi
ngtheri
chness,di
str
ibut
ionanddi
ver
sit
yofor
gani
smsont
he
l
andscapebasedonmol
ecul
armarker(DNA).
285.Sur
uiTri
be–Equippi
ngt
heSur
uit
ri
bewit
hgeo-taggi
ngequipmenttoputanendtothe
defor
est
ati
onandcul
tural
dev
ast
ati
oni
nthei
rsect
ionoftheBrazi
li
anrai
nforest
.(Sur
uiTr
ibe)

286.SpeciesBi
odiv
ersit
y–Gaugi ngovert
imeadecreaseinbi
odi
ver
sit
yoranabundanceof
speci
es(invasi
veordist
urbance-
incr
easi
ng)usi
ngtemporalGI
S.(
Refr
acti
onsBi
odiver
sit
yBC)

287.HoneyBees–Sti
mulat
ingspat
ial
thi
nki
ngprocessesbyanal
yzi
ngrel
ati
onshi
psbet
ween
envi
ronment
alchar
act
eri
sti
csandhoneybeeheal
thandabundance(GI
SHoneyBeeResear
ch)

288.El
kRanges–Est
imati
nganaveragehomer
angef
oranent
ir
eher
dofmammal
susi
ngt
he
Mini
mum ConvexPol
ygoni
nHawth’sTools.

289.Ant
hropogeni
cDi
stur
bances–Understandingt
heeff
ect
softransmi
ssi
onl
i
neconst
ruct
ion
bymonit
oringmammalswithhel
icopt
ersur
v ey
s.Gettot
hechoppa!

290.Migr
ator
yBir
ds–Cr oss-
ref
erenci
ngtel
emetr
yGPSmi gr
atory(Ospr
ey)bi
rdl
ocat
ionswit
h
Langl
eyAirFor
ceBaseflyi
ngoperat
ionst
oreduceanai
rcr
aftstr
ike.(
NASALangl
eyResearch–
Bir
d/Wil
dli
feAi
rcr
aftSt
ri
keHazard)

291.Shannon’
sHDi
ver
sit
yIndex–Measur
ingmat
hemat
ical
l
yspeci
esdi
ver
sit
yandr
ichnessi
n
acommuni ty
.

292.Microcl
imates–Analy
zingexposur
etosunl
i
ghtwi
thaspectdat
aasani
ndi
cat
ionof
microcl
i
mat esandspeci
esoccurr
ence.

293.Topogr
aphicRuggednessIndex–Esti
mati
ngt
err
ainhet
erogenei
tywhi
chi
susef
ulf
or
predi
cti
ngwhichhabi
tatsareusedbyspeci
es

294.De-
Exti
nction–Bri
ngi
ngexti
nctspeci
esbackt
oli
feandmarki
ngthei
rprev
ioushabi
tat
s–
l
ikethepassengerpi
geonf
rom 5bil
l
ionbir
dstozer
oinacoupl
eofdecades.

295.SkyVi
ew–Maxi
mizi
ngt
hepor
ti
onofv
isi
bleskyandunder
standi
ngpot
ent
ial
for
esthabi
tat
.

296.Fr
agStat
s–Comput
ingawi
dev
ari
etyofl
andscapemet
ri
csf
orcat
egor
ical
mappat
ter
ns.
(Fr
agStat
s)

297.Topogr
aphi
cPosi
ti
onI
ndex–Cl
assi
fyi
ngt
hel
andscapei
ntosl
opeposi
ti
onandl
and-
for
m
cat
egory

298.Gl
obalEcologyLandUnit
s–Char
acteri
zi
ngdist
inctphy
sical
envir
onment
sandassoci
ated
l
andcoverofglobalecosy
stems(
USGS).(Gl
obal
EcologyLandUnits)

299.Bi
ogeography–St
udyi
ngecosyst
emsi ngeographicspaceandthrough(geol
ogi
cal
)ti
me
al
onggeographicgr
adi
ent
sofl
ati
tude,el
evati
on,i
solati
onandhabitatarea.

300.Speci
esModel
li
ng–Runni
ngtheMaxi
mum Ent
ropyModel
(MAXENT)
.(QGI
SSpeci
es
Dist
ri
buti
onModel
li
ng(QSDM)pl
ugi
n)
301.Fl
ocki
ngBir
ds–Mimicki
ngflocki
ngbirdsi
nasy
stem ofi
nter
act
ivepar
tsusi
ngAgent
BasedModeli
ng.(
Net
LogoFlocki
ngBirds)

302.Ri
skofExti
ncti
on–Descr
ibi
ngexi
sti
ngcondi
ti
onsofhabi
tatandpredi
cti
ngriskof
ext
inct
ions,
chanceofr
ecov
eryandmit
igat
ionmeasur
es–suchaspr ohi
bit
inghunti
ng.

303.Habi
tatPrior
it
yPlanner–Prior
it
izi
ngconserv
ati
on,r
est
orat
ion,
andpl
anni
ngt
hrough
NOAA’sHabitatPri
ori
tyPlanner
.(Habit
atPr
ior
it
yPlanner
)

304.DNABar
codi
ng–At tachi
ngaspecif
icl
ocati
onwhenbar
codingl
if
e.Smi
thsoni
anI
nst
it
uti
on
nati
onal
Museum ofNat
uralHist
ory–(DNABarcodi
ng–Natural
Hist
ory)

305.Soci
etyforConser
vati
onGIS(SCGI
S)–Assist
ingconservat
ionist
sworl
dwidethr
ough
communi t
yinvol
vementandfort
heconser
vat
ionofnatur
alresourcesandcul
tural
heri
tage.
(SCGIS)

306.SanctuaryEcological
lySigni
fi
cantAr
eas–Deli
neati
ngr emarkabl
e,r
epr
esentat
iveand/
or
sensit
ivemar i
nehabitats,communiti
esandecol
ogi
calprocessesasSESAs.(Sanct
uary
Ecologi
calSignif
icantAreas)

307.Mammal Magneti
cAl i
gnment–Discoveri
nghowdeercansensemagneti
sm thr
ough
sat
ell
it
eimageanaly
sisandf i
eldobser
vat
ionsofbodyali
gnment
sofdeerbedsinsnow.
(Pr
oceedi
ngsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences2008)

308.Sustai
nabl
ePopulat
ionsCount
s–Count
ingpol
arbear
sandt
hei
rgeogr
aphi
cdi
str
ibut
ion
anal
yzingtwosatel
l
itei
magesoverti
me.

309.Crocodi
leEggs–Monit
ori
nginr
eal-
ti
mef
actor
sli
ket
emper
atur
eandhumi
dit
yfor
crocodi
leeggs.(
Crocodi
l
eEggsReal
-Ti
meMoni
tori
ng)

310.I
ntot
heOkavango–Trekki
ngt
heOkav
angoinajour
nal
sty
lemap–t
hewor
ld’
slastgr
eat
wetl
andwil
der
nessesandUNESCOWorl
dHeri
tageSi
te.

311.Worl
dAni
mal
Prot
ect
ion–Becomi
ngmor
eresi
l
ientf
rom f
utur
edi
sast
ers.(
Wor
ldAni
mal
Prot
ect
ion)

312.Li
nearDirect
ional
Mean–Determi
ningthetrendf
ort
hemovementofelkandmooseina
str
eam val
leycouldcal
cul
atet
hedi
rect
ional
trendofmigr
ati
onr
out
esforthetwospeci
es.

313.Wa-TorPredator
-PreySi
mulat
ion–Simul
ati
ngecol
ogi
cal
predat
or-
preypopul
ati
onswi
th
randomnessandr ul
e-basedr
esponses.

314.Gol
denEagleTracki
ng–Tr
acki
ngGol
deneagl
epopul
ati
onsusi
ngaBi
odi
ver
sit
yTr
acki
ng
Syst
em i
nManifoldGIS.

315.Ear
thTrendsModel
er–Assessi
ngl
ongterm cl
i
matetr
ends,measur
ingseasonal
trendsi
n
phenol
ogy,
anddecomposingi
magetimeser
iestoseekr
ecurr
entpat
ter
nsinspaceandt i
mein
I
DRI
SITer
raSet
.

316.Ecol
ogi
cal
Bar
ri
er–Mar
kingphy
sical
l
yisol
atedbar
ri
ersbet
weenspeci
es.

317.Geot
aggi
ngPhot
os–Specif
yingwi
ldl
i
fephotol
ocat
ionst
hroughgeot
aggi
ngand
str
eamli
ningt
hei
mporti
ngpr
ocesswit
hArcPhot
o.

Economi
cs

Economi
csGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

318.Spat
ial
Economet
ri
cs–I
nter
sect
ingspat
ial
anal
ysi
swi
theconomi
cs.(
GeoDa)

319.Worl
dEconomicOutl
ook–Pr
oject
ingthef
utur
eeconomyandkeymacroeconomi
c
i
ndicat
orswi
ththeWorl
dEconomi
cOutlook–IMF(Worl
dEconomicOut
look)

320.GoodsFlow–I
ll
ust
rat
ingt
hef
lowofpeopl
eorgoodsf
rom poi
ntt
opoi
ntbasedonv
alues
wit
hdesirel
i
nes.

321.Global
izat
ion–Measuri
ngt
hedegr
eeandext
entofeconomi
cgl
obal
i
zat
ionusi
ng
i
nternati
onaltr
adedat
athr
oughti
me.

322.TheThünenModel
–Distr
ibut
ingt
hepr
oduct
iont
hemsel
vesi
nspacei
ncor
por
ati
ngcost
s
oftr
anspor
tandfact
ormobi
li
ty.

323.Economi
cFreedom –Mappingeconomicf
reedom t
hroughouttheworl
d–anannual gui
de
publ
ishedbyTheWallSt
reetJour
nalandTheHeri
tageFoundati
on(EconomicFr
eedom Heat
Map)

324.Geogr
aphi
cPort
fol
i
o–Diversi
fyi
ngy ourst
ockpor
tfol
i
ogeogr
aphi
cal
l
yfordi
ff
erent
count
ri
esandstockmar
ket
softhewor l
d.

325.Gl
obal
Trade–Expor
ti
nggoodsst
artatal
ocat
ionandendupi
nanot
her
.

326.Geogr
aphicI
nnovat
ionIndex–Investi
gati
ngther
elat
ionsbetweengeogr
aphi
cpr
oxi
mit
yto
i
nnovati
onresour
cesandstockret
urns.(Geogr
aphicI
nnovati
onIndex)

327.EconomicBaseI
ndicator–Viewi
ngeconomici
ndi
cat
orsf
orbusi
ness,
indust
ryand
demographybasedonradial
,dri
veandpr
oximit
y.

328.ThematicMappi
ng–Portr
ayingeconomi
cdatali
keunempl
oymentandl
abori
nfor
mat
ion
i
ntime-ser
iesthemat
icmapsbecausemapsspeaktopeopl
e

329.Excl
usi
veEconomi
cZone(
EEZ)–Car
vingoutboundar
iesf
orsov
erei
gnr
ight
sregar
ding
t
heexpl
orat
ionofmar
iner
esour
cesbel
owt
hesur
faceoft
hesea

330.Gr
ossDomest
icPr
oduct–Cr
eat
ingcont
inuousar
eacar
togr
ams.(
Car
togr
am QGI
SPl
ugi
n)

331.GlobalTransit
iont
oaNewEconomy–Pr i
ori
ti
zinghumanwel
l
-bei
ngthr
oughacr
owd-
sourcedsustainabl
eproj
ect
smap.(
Global
Transi
ti
ontoaNewEconomy )

332.Tr
adeArea–Del
i
neat
ingt
hegeogr
aphi
car
eawher
eacer
tai
nper
cent
ageofast
ore’
s
cust
omersl
iv
e.

333.EconomicCost
sofPollut
ion–Assessi
nggreenergr
owthopti
onsandthecost
sof
pol
luti
oninIndi
abyunder
standingt
hecurr
entst
ateofenvi
ronment
aldegr
adati
on.

Educat
ion

Educat
ionGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

334.CampusNav
igat
ion–Nav
igat
ethr
oughauni
ver
sit
ycampuswi
thonl
i
nemappi
ng
appl
icat
ions.

335.Neogeogr
aphy–Openi
ngthef
loodgat
esfori
ndiv
idualst
ocr
eat
ethei
rownmaps,
ont
hei
r
owntermsandbycombini
ngel
ementsofanexist
ingt
oolset

336.Proj
ecti
onAr
t–Invest
igat
ingourEar
thbyunder
standi
ngmappr
oject
ions.(
Nat
ional
Geographi
c–Proj
ect
ionArt)

337.Macroscope–Seei
ngthr
oughthemacr
oscope–ourear
thasawhol
erat
hert
hanbet
aken
apartI
nthei
rconst
it
uent
s.(
Macroscope)

338.BusSer
vices–Assessi
ngwhi
chaddr
essesi
npr
oxi
mit
ytoaschool
areel
i
gibl
eforbusi
ng.

339.Saf
eRout
est
oSchool
Mappi
ngTool
ki
t–Deci
dingt
hesaf
estr
out
etoschool
.

340.Geospat
ial
Rev
olut
ion–Capt
ivat
ingaudi
enceswi
tht
hePennSt
ateGeospat
ial
Rev
olut
ion

341.Car
tographi
cModell
ing–Usingmapal gebr
atodepictt
her
elat
ionshi
psoft
ranspor
tat
ion
andgeographyonaccesstoadul
tli
ter
acycenter
sinPhi
ladel
phi
a.
Ener
gy

Ener
gyGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

342.NuclearPowerRi
sk–Conceptual
izi
ngnucl
earpowerpl
antr
adi
oact
iver
eleasewi
th
evacuat
iontimeandpopul
ati
onexposed.

343.Mari
neRenewabl
eEnergy–Seei
ngt
heoceanofi
nfor
mat
ionwi
thwav
ehei
ght
sandwi
nd
forel
ect
ri
cdam sel
ect
ion.

344.Concessi
on–Put t
ingconcessionl
i
censest
hatgi
veacompanyt
her
ightt
odr
il
lforoi
lor
gasandex pl
orat
orydr
il
li
ngboreholesonamap.

345.Worl
dPowerTypes–Seeinghowmuchofthewor
ldi
sbei
ngpower
edbyf
ossi
lfuel
s,
nucl
earandr
enewablesour
ces.(
WhatPower
stheWorl
d?)

346.Nucl
earWast
eSi
teSel
ect
ion–Saf
eguar
dingpeopl
ewi
thpr
opernucl
earwast
edi
sposal

347.WaterYieldsandScar
cit
y–Est imati
ngwateryiel
dsandscarci
tyatasub-
water
shedl ev
el
tocal
culatehydroel
ect
ri
cpotenti
altotheyear2100.WaterScar
cit
ywithEcosy
stem Ser
vices
ModelerIDRISI–TheEcosystem Servi
cesModeler(ESM)

348.AccessLi
mit
ati
on–Calcul
ati
ngaccessli
mit
ati
onsf
orbui
l
dingl
i
kesl
opebei
ngamaj
or
fact
orforget
ti
ngwagonsupthehi
llt
othesit
e.

349.Coal Stockpi
les–Captur
ingsatel
li
tei
mager
yoff
requentshot
sofopenpitmi
nesand
resourcestockpil
estobet
terunder
standhowmuchcoalhasbeenminedeachmonth.(
Coal
Stockpil
es)

350.Shal
eGasPlays–Depicti
ngcurr
entandprospect
iveshal
egasr
esour
cear
easi
nshal
e
basi
nsfrom t
heEnergyI
nfor
mat i
onAssoci
ati
on.

351.Dam Si
tesSel
ect
ion–Compar i
nghypot
heti
cal
dam si
tesbypot
ent
ial
wat
erst
oraget
o
underst
andhowlanduse/
landcov
erisi
mpacted.

352.Ener
gyConsumpti
on–Dr
awi
ngoutener
gycapaci
tyandconsumpt
iononamap.(
Wor
ld
EnergyConsumpt
ionMap)

353.Wi
ndFar
m Sit
eSelect
ion–Select
ingsui
tabl
ewindfar
m byunder
standi
ngwi
ndpower
,
tr
ansmi
ssi
oncapaci
ty,
roadaccessanddevel
opablel
and.

354.Tur
bineVisi
bil
i
ty–Discer
ningv
isibi
li
tyofwi
ndforpot
ent
ial
changesonalandscape,
such
astheeff
ectsofaddingwi
ndfarms,ortheaddi
ti
onofanewbuil
dingt
oanurbanarea.

355.RadarI
nter
fer
ence–Cal
cul
ati
ngpot
ent
ial
radari
nter
fer
enceandconf
li
ctsbet
ween
t
urbi
nesandai
rpor
tappr
oach/
landi
ngsur
faceswi
th3Danal
ysi
s.

Engi
neer
ing

Engi
neer
ingGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

356.AssetManagement–Managi
ngi
nfr
ast
ruct
uredat
amai
ntenanceal
ongwi
tht
hei
rli
fecy
cle.

357.Buil
dingPermi
ts–Hel pi
ngtheuserdet
ermi
newhetherornotarequest
edper
miti
sinan
hi
stori
cdistr
ict
,anaqui
ferprot
ecti
ondist
ri
ct,
wet
land,
orfl
oodplai
n.

358.CADI
nter
oper
abi
l
ity–I
ntegr
ati
ngCADdat
a(DWG,
DXF)i
ntoGI
Sandv
icev
ersa.

359.Const
ruct
ionEnv
ironmentalManagementPlan–Miti
gati
ngt
hepotent
ialnegat
ivei
mpact
s
ofengi
neeri
ngproj
ect
sbyi dent
if
yingenvi
ronmental
l
ysensi
ti
vesi
tesandmiti
gati
onmeasur
es.

360.COGO–Const
ruct
ingpoi
nts,
spi
ral
s,cur
vesandar
cswi
thcoor
dinat
egeomet
ry.

361.Real
-t
imeSensors–Monit
ori
ngcarbonmonoxi
deinreal
-t
imewi
thGeoEv
entExt
ensi
on
wit
hsetthreshol
dsandal
ert
s(Val
arm Moni
tor
ingCompany)

362.AugmentedReal
i
ty–Pul
li
ngupengi
neeri
ngdiagramsandr
eal
-t
imesensornet
wor
kst
o
vi
ewwat erpr
essur
eoramper
age.(
AugmentedReali
ty)

363.Cut&Fil
l–Carvingout3Dcutandf
il
lsf
ormaj
orci
vi
lengi
neer
ingpr
oject
ssuchasmaj
or
roadconst
ruct
ions.

364.Depar
tmentofInt
erior–Const
ructi
ngdams,powerplant
s,andcanal
sforpr
otect
ingwat
er
andwater-
rel
atedr
esourcesint
heUnitedSt
ates.(
BureauofReclamat
ion)

365.Faci
li
tyManagement–Opt
imizi
ngenergyef
fi
ciencywi
thbui
l
dingaut
omat
ionser
vicesf
or
amor ecomprehensi
vevi
ewofabuil
ding.

366.Art
if
ici
alDam –Dammingasi
tearti
fi
cial
l
ybyr
aisi
ngt
heel
evat
ionsal
ongadam si
teusi
ng
aEucli
deandist
ancegr
idandmapalgebr
a.

367.Devel
opmentArea–Get
ti
ngt
hebi
gpi
ctur
ebyt
appi
ngi
ntoGI
Sdat
ali
kegent
lesl
opes,
and
cl
osenesstoroads.
Env
ironment

Env
ironmentGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

368.Envi
ronment
alI
mpactAssessment–Measur
ingant
ici
pat
edef
fect
sont
heenv
ironmentof
aproposeddevel
opmentpr
oject

369.Si
teRemedi
ati
on–Remov
ingcont
ami
nat
ionf
rom apl
otofl
anddet
ail
i
ngr
iskexposur
e
andanoverv
iewwit
hmaps.

370.Fi
reGrowt
hSimulat
ion–Exti
nguishi
ngfi
resfast
erbyunder
standhowtheygrowin
di
scret
estepsbr
ingi
ngtoget
herwind,
weatherandfuelf
orthefi
re.(
Fir
eSci
enceBehav
ePlus)

371.Surf
aceWat erFl
ow–Char
act
eri
zi
ngwat
erf
lowt
obei
dent
if
iedashi
ghconsequencef
or
oi
lspil
lmiti
gat
ion.

372.DeadZones–Mappi
ngoutdeadzoneswher
emar
inel
i
fei
sunabl
etobesuppor
ted.

373.Canadi
anLandI
nvent
ory–Char
ti
ngoutt
hel
andcapabi
l
ityt
osust
ainagr
icul
tur
e,f
orest
ry,
andrecr
eati
on.

374.Non-pointSour
cePol
l
ut i
on–Modell
i
ngnon-pointsour
cepoll
uti
onli
kesoi
lerosi
onand
sedi
mentationwhichar
eoftencont
rol
l
edbyvar
iablessuchaslanduse/
cover
,topogr
aphy,
soi
l
s,
andrai
nfall
.

375.Wetl
andI
nvent
ory–Del
i
neat
ingwet
landsbyt
ypesandf
unct
ion.(
Nat
ional
Wet
lands
I
nventor
y)

376.I
nvasi
veSpeci
esModularDi
sper
sal–Model
l
ingt
hespreadofaspeci
es’
popul
ati
on
di
stri
but
ionthr
oughti
meoccupancymaps(
GRASSGISSpeci
esDisper
sal
)

377.St
orm Wat
erRunof
f–Conser
vingnear
byr
esour
cessuchaswat
erandf
lor
abybet
ter
managingr
unof
f.

378.Brownfi
eldandGreenfi
eldSites–Di ggi
ngupthebackgr
oundinf
ormati
on(Phase1)and
conducti
ngthenecessarygeotechnical
analysest
oexpl
oreeconomicoppor
tuni
ti
esat
brownfi
eldandgreenf
iel
dsites.

379.Ozone–Mot i
vat
ingt
hewor
ldt
odot
hei
rpar
tbymappi
ngt
hespat
ial
dist
ri
but
ionofozone
concent
rat
ions.

380.SWATModel –Test
ingtheeff
ect
ivenessofagr
icul
tur
eandenvi
ronment
alpol
i
ciesf
or
pol
luti
oncont
rol
syst
emsi nagiv
enwatershedli
kethemwSWATPl ugini
nMapWindow

381.Kar
st–I
dent
if
yingknowncav
eandkar
str
esour
cesi
ntoasi
nkhol
edi
git
izat
iondat
abase
f
orbesti
nter
stat
eal
i
gnmentsel
ect
ion.(
Kar
stDat
abase)

382.Per
maf
rost–I
nter
pret
ingper
maf
rostpr
obabi
l
ityi
ntheYukon.

383.Traff
icSignDeter
iorat
ion–Assessi
ngt
heef
fect
sofai
rpol
l
utant
sont
raf
fi
csi
gn
deter
iorat
ion.(Tr
aff
icSignDeter
ior
ati
on)

384.I
mpoundmentI ndexTool
forWetl
ands–Unear t
hingwetl
andswi
thImpoundmentI
ndex
Tooltosit
epotent
ialwetl
andr
estor
ati
onproj
ects,monit
orwetl
anddr
ainageandmodel
beaver
habi
tat.(
Whit
eboxGATI mpoundmentIndexTool)

For
est
ry

For
est
ryGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

385.ForestInv
entor
y–Prior
it
izi
ngti
mberhar
vesti
nguni
tsbyr
efer
ri
ngt
oagecl
assandf
orest
ty
pet obettermeasur
eti
mberacreageandav
erageest
imat
es.

386.For
estFi
res–Pl
ott
ingoutf
orestf
ir
eswi
thMODI
S.(
Uni
ver
sit
yofMar
ylandFor
estFi
res)

387.Def
orest
ati
on–Gaugi
ngdef
orest
ati
onusi
ngl
andcov
erchangei
nti
me.

388.Ref
orest
ati
on–Rechar
gingf
orest
sthr
ought
reepl
ant
ingpl
anni
ngonamap.

389.ForestHei
ght
s–Measuri
ngtreehei
ghtswit
hal
timetr
yandnot
ici
nghowt
reesgener
all
y
di
ffer20m wit
htal
l
eronesatt
heequator
.(GLASSat
ell
it
e)

390.Vert
ical
Poi
ntProfi
le–Vi
ewi
ngv
ert
ical
prof
il
eof3DLi
DARpoi
ntst
obet
terunder
standt
ree
str
uctur
eandhei
ght.(TNTLi
DAR)

391.CutLi
nes–Fi
ndi
ngcutl
i
nesi
nor
thoi
mager
ytof
indeasyaccess.

392.Tr
eeLi
nes–Dr
awi
ngt
reel
i
nesi
ntheCanadi
anAr
cti
c.

393.I
ll
egal
Loggi
ng–I
dent
if
ypot
ent
ial
il
legal
act
ivi
tywi
thsat
ell
i
tedat
a.(
Global
For
estWat
ch)

394.ForestCarbonReserves–Sequest
eri
ngcar
bont
hroughf
orestr
eser
vesandcar
bon
observ
edi natmosphere.

395.Agent-
BasedSimulat
ion–Simulat
ingt
hespreadofanagent(l
ikeafi
re)t
ri
gger
edby
random ev
ents(suchasli
ghtni
ng)onarast
erl
andscapeindi
scret
et i
me.(
GMECel l
ular
AutomataModel)

396.Gl
obal
For
estWat
ch–Put
ti
ngal
lthepi
ecest
oget
herwi
thani
ntegr
atedf
orestwat
ch
onl
i
nepl
atf
orm.

397.Dr
onesforIndonesiaI
ndigenous–Pr omot
ingsust
ainabl
efor
est
susi
ngdr
onesi
nSet
ulang
vi
ll
age,
Indonesi
a.(DronesforIndonesi
a)

398.Wi
l
dfi
reRescue–Sav
ingl
i
vest
hroughr
eal
-t
imewi
l
dfi
resat
ell
i
temoni
tor
ing.

399.Veget
ati
onPotent
ial
–Anal
yzi
ngt
reegr
owt
h&di
str
ibut
ionofv
eget
ati
onwi
thwest
/east
-
faci
ngandaspectdat
a.

400.LeafAr
eaI
ndex–Summi
ngt
het
otal
areaofl
eav
espergr
ounduni
t.

401.AmazonRai nFor
est–Maxi
mi zi
ngsatel
li
tepot
enti
alvi
ewingsoil
erosi
on,
wat
ershed
destabi
l
izat
ion,
climat
edegr
adat
ion,andspeci
esexti
nct
ioninBrazi
l
.

402.RemnantRai
nFor
est–St
udyi
ngaspectdat
atof
indhowremnant
sofrainf
orestar
ealmost
al
way sf
oundoneast
-f
aci
ngsl
opes(wi
thaspect
)whi
charepr
otect
edfr
om thedrywester
ly
wind.

403.4DGIS–Get
ti
ngt
oknowt
heXYZ’
swi
tht
imberhar
vest
ingandsubsequentv
eget
ati
on
growth.

404.AgeofTr
ees–I
nvent
ory
ingt
heXYposi
ti
onandr
ingsoft
reesi
nadat
abaset
ounder
stand
i
tsage.

405.For
estDi
sease–Mappingt
heimpactofhowforesti
nfestat
ionsliket
hemount
ainpi
ne
beetl
ehasonfor
estsandt
heeconomy.(
GoogleFusi
onTabl es–Di seaseMap)

406.Wildf
ir
eSimulat
ion–Aut
omat
ingt
hespr
eadofwi
l
dfi
rei
nti
meusi
ngt
he3Dv
irt
ual
workspaceofCapaware.
Gami
ng

Gami
ngGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

407.Ocul
usRift–Bui
ldi
ngr
eali
sti
c3Denvi
ronmentswi
thEsr
iCi
tyEngi
nebecausev
irt
ual
real
i
ty
i
sallaboutl
ocati
onandasenseofpl
ace.(
Esri
Cit
yEngi
neandOculusRi
ft
)

408.Bui
l
dingVi
rt
ualEnvi
ronments–Desi
gni
ngf
uturebui
ldi
ngs,
roads,
cit
ies,
andpar
kswi
th
vi
deogamecontri
but
ions.(
GISandGaming–MattArt
z)

409.Geoguessr–Embar
kingonaneducat
ional
jour
neyt
hatt
akesy
oual
lov
ert
hewor
ld
(Geoguessr
)

410.Mer
cat
orProject
ionGame–Lear
ningaboutshape,
size,
andconf
ormi
tyoft
heEar
thwi
th
mapproj
ect
ions.

411.Spati
alDat
aInt
egr
ati
on–I
nter
sect
ingt
hegami
ngwor
ldwi
thr
ich,
real
-wor
ld,
spat
ial
dat
a
i
ntegrat
ion.

412.Pl
anetHunt
ers–Fi
ndi
ngundi
scov
eredpl
anet
swi
thcr
owd-
sour
cest
yleonl
i
negames.
(Pl
anetHunt
ers)

Gar
deni
ng

Gar
deni
ngGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

413.Li
vi
ngPl antCol
lecti
on–Managinggardencol
lect
ionsandpl
antrecor
dswit
htheAr
cGI
S
Publi
cGardenDat aModel l
iket
heUCDav i
sArbor
etum,Arnol
dArbor
etum atHar
var
dUni
ver
sit
y,
andSmithsonianGarden.(Publ
i
cGardensGIS)

414.Gardeni
ngMi crocli
mates–Studyi
ngmicrocl
i
mates(temper
atur
efrom l
argebodi
esof
water
,topography,urbanar
eastr
appingheat
)tocaref
ull
ychooseandposi
ti
ont hei
rpl
ant
sand
makethem thriv
e.

415.I
nformationDel
i
ver
y–I
nspi
reandeducat
eyourv
isi
tor
swi
thi
ntel
l
igentwebmapsofy
our
parkorgarden.

416.Weeds–Stor
ingweedsandher
bici
dedosagei
nadat
abaset
omanageef
fect
ivenessand
contr
olmeasur
es.

417.RoofGar
dening–Assessi
ngaver
agetemper
aturesbyzoni
ng,wateravai
labi
li
ty,and
posi
ti
onshelt
eri
ngtoident
if
ybui
ldi
ngswi
ththegr
eatestpot
enti
alf
orrooftopgardens.
418.GardenReporti
ng–Creat
ingdat
a-dr
ivenr
epor
tsandmapbooksoncol
l
ect
ionsofpl
ant
s
aboutcondit
ionsandhazar
ds.

Geol
ogy

Geol
ogyGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

419.Dr
il
lHol
ePl
anner–Dr
il
li
ngwi
th3Dpl
anni
ngt
ool
sincl
udi
ngdept
h,azi
mut
handposi
ti
ons.

420.Aqui
ferRechar
ge–Det
ermi
ningpot
ent
ial
aqui
ferr
echar
geusi
ngst
eepnessofsl
opeand
soi
lpermeabil
i
ty

421.Well
&Volumet
ri
cDataVi
suali
zat
ion–Creat
ingpowerf
ul,
fast
,cust
omized3Dmodelswi
th
afusi
onofgeol
ogi
cdata,
GISdat
a,well
/bor
ehol
edata,andpoi
ntcl
ouddata.(
Voxl
erGol
den
Soft
ware)

422.Pl
ateWi
zar
dPr
oject–Reconst
ruct
ingconv
ergi
nganddi
ver
gingpl
atest
hroughgeol
ogi
c
ti
me.

423.Geologi
calI
nter
pretati
on–Digit
izi
ngsurfi
cialgeol
ogy(
surf
acesedi
ments,
thei
r
morphologyandpropert
ies)wi
thairphotoi
nter
pr et
ati
onandfi
eldv
ali
dat
ion.

424.qgSur
f–I
nter
pret
inggeomor
phol
ogi
cal
anal
ysesbasedont
hei
rsur
faceandor
ient
ati
on.

425.Mar
ineGeol
ogy–I
nvent
ory
ingmar
inegeol
ogy
.(NOAAMar
ineGeol
ogy
)

426.Geomorphol
ogyFeatur
es–St udyi
ngthenatureandori
ginofl
andf
orms,
incl
udi
ng
rel
ati
onshi
pstounder
lyi
ngstruct
uresandprocessesoffor
mat i
on.

427.Di
pandStr
ike–Pl
ott
ingdi
pandst
ri
ker
eadi
ngsandt
hei
rgeol
ogi
cal
ori
ent
ati
onwi
th
rot
ati
onal
symbols.

428.Di
git
alRockEngi
neer
ing–Tunneli
ngundergr
oundwithatt
ent
iontoexi
sti
ngt
opogr
aphy
andit
ssurroundi
ngwhi
chincl
udesabove-
groundandundergr
oundstr
uct
ures

429.Aer
omagneticAnomali
es–Cor
rel
ati
ngaer
omagnet
icanomal
i
eswi
thsur
facegeol
ogyi
n
tect
oni
call
yact
iveregi
on.

430.Cont
inent
alDr
if
t–Measur
ingt
ect
oni
cspl
atemov
ementwi
thGPS

431.Enter
Vol Geology–Creati
ngful
l3D,vol
umet
ri
cmodelsofgeol
ogydi
rectf
rom col
l
ect
ed
datai
ntegrat
inglit
hologydat
awi t
hsurf
aces.(
Ent
erVol
Geol
ogy)

432.Subsur
faceMappi
ng–Mappi
ngt
hesubsur
facet
hroughwel
l
-logdat
abydr
il
ler
swi
th
st
andar
dli
thol
ogi
cal
ter
msandcl
assi
fi
cat
ionsy
stem

433.Landf
orm Classi
ficat
ion–Classi
fyi
nglandfor
mswithqual
i
tat
iveanal
ysi
soft
hesurface
l
ikesummits,passes,convex/
concavebreakli
nes,cr
est
sandmorewithgvSI
Ggeomorphology
tool
s.

434.Geol
ogi
cStr
uct
ure–Usingphot
ogrammetryi
ninaccessi
bler
egionsi
n2Dand3Dcr
oss-
sect
ionsf
orgeol
ogi
cstr
uct
uremapping.(
HexagonGeospati
alPhotogr
ammetr
y)

Geost
ati
sti
cs

Geost
ati
sti
csGI
SAppl
i
cat
ions

435.Spati
alAut
ocor
relat
ion–Testi
ngwhethertheobser
vedvalueofavar
iabl
eatonel
ocal
i
tyi
s
i
ndependentofthev
aluesofthevar
iabl
eatneighbor
ingl
ocal
i
ties.(
GeoDaSpati
al
Autocor
rel
ati
on)

436.Dat
aMi
ning–Aut
omat
ingt
hesear
chf
orhi
ddenpat
ter
nsi
nlar
gedat
abases

437.Spat
ialRegr
ession–Buil
dingspat
ialr
egr
essiont
omodel
sforest
imat
ingt
her
elat
ionshi
p
betweenspati
alvar
iabl
es.(
GeoDaSpatial
Regressi
on)

438.ZonalSt
ati
sti
cs–Summi ng,
aver
agi
ngorf
indi
ngt
her
ange,
mini
mum ormaxi
mum i
na
gi
venrange.(
ZonalSt
ati
sti
cs)

439.HexagonTessel
ati
on–Def i
ningsampli
nglocati
ons,helpi
ngt
oensur
ethatal
lregi
ons
wit
hinthestudyar
eaarerepr
esentedbythesamplingresul
ts.

440.Fir
stLawofGeography–UsingTobl
er’
sFi
rstLawofGeogr
aphyi
nanal
ysi
s-“
Ever
ythi
ngi
s
rel
atedtoever
ythi
ngel
se,butneart
hin