“PERCEPTION OF GRADE 11 STUDENTS TOWARDS PREMARITAL SEX”

A Title Proposal
Submitted to
Rodolfo C. Penales Jr.

BY:
Lyrra Mae M. Malasao
Jenebie M. Anlag
Mark Justine R. Dayanan
Hardie M. Macarial
Ritchelyn B. Bongcalot
 Abstract
Lyrra Mae M. Malasao, et. al (2023). Perception of Grade 11 students towards

premarital sex. Unpublished practical research, Libayoy National High School, Libayoy

Tigbao, Zamboanga Del Sur.

This study is conducted to examine the insights of grade 11 students in Libayoy

National High School towards premarital sex. This study uses qualitative type of

research. This study was conducted in Libayoy National High School. The study utilized

the descriptive research design and techniques that helps the researcher to obtain the

information on the phenomenon being studied. The respondents of this study are the

Grade 11 students of Libayoy National High School. There are 20 questions for

gathering the data.

Keywords: Premarital sex, Liberal Person, Conservative Person, Teenage Pregnancy.

i
 Acknowledgement

First and foremost, praises and thank to God, the almighty, for his showers of

blessing throughout our research and its successful completion.

The researcher would also like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to our

research adviser Rodolfo C. Penales Jr. for providing us invaluable supervision, support

and tutelage during the course of our research study. We would also like to thank him

for his empathy, patient and knowledge that he imparts onto us. It was a great privilege

and honor and study under his guidance.

The researcher’s gratitude also extends to Sir Christopher A. Clamonte, school

head, for allowing us the opportunity to conduct a research among the grade 11

students.

Our thanks and appreciation also go to our respondents who willingly helped with

their full cooperation which has made the research study achieve it smooth completion.

We would also like to give thanks for the kind and knowledge that you have give us to

conduct this study.

Last but not the least, to our deepest parents for their deep consideration for the

finances and undying support throughout the making of the research study. As well as

for their word of encouragement to all those nights that we’ve spent making the

research study.
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Dedication

The research paper is dedicated to the parents of researcher who gave their

outmost support, and never-ending inspiration throughout the study. They are the one

who provide the resources that needed in the making of this study. It also dedicated to

the teacher who are behind in making this research possible through guiding the

researcher to complete this study. The researcher would also like to dedicate to the

student that may need in help in minimizing their perception of premarital sex. Also, this

study is also dedicated to the school who gives opportunity the researcher to nurture,

test their skills and cooperation to build this study. We look up and dedicated this whole

study to our mighty God who gave the strength, knowledge, wisdom, protection, and will

to continue and keep positive to finish this research.

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Table of contents

Chapter 1…………………………………………………………………………………………1

The Problem……………………………………………….….…………………………………1

Introduction ………………………………………………….………………………..….……1-

Perspective of the Researcher…………………………………………………………………

Conceptual Framework…………………………………………….……………….….

……….3

Statement of the Problem…………………………………………….………………………3-

Scope and Limitations of the

study…………………………………………………………….4

Significance of the Study……………………………………………………………………….5

Definition of Terms………………………………………………………………………………5

Structure of the Thesis………………………………………………………………………….6

Chapter 2………………………………………………………………………………………...7

Review of Related Literature………………………………………………………………7-10

Chapter 3………………………………………………………………………………………11

Research Methods……………………………………………………………………………11

Research

Design……………………………………………………………………………….11

Research Environment…………………………………………………………………….11-

12

iv

Research Participants…………………………………………………………………………13

Research Instruments…………………………………………………………………………13

Data Gathering Techniques…………………………………………………………………..13

Statistical Treatment ………………………………………………………………………….14

Ethical Consideration in Research……………………………………………………….14-15

Survey

Questionnaire………………………………………………………………………….16
 v

List of Tables

Table 1 The Research Participants…………………………………………………………13

 vi

List of Figures

Figure 1 Conceptual Framework of the study………………………………………………..3

Figure 2 Libayoy National High School………………………………………………………

12
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Chapter 1
The Problem

Introduction
Prior to marriage, chastity is crucial, however nowadays where modern

technology transports some changes in human sexuality. There are several incidents,

challenges, tolerant attitudes to prosper. This attitude resemble liberalism. It promotes

open mindedness. Individuals who favor gradual reform, submit to changes rather than

reaction and demonstrate opposition to the presented ideas can be considered us a

person with liberal though. Some decision in life need the act of liberalism, flexibility and

liberty of though and be released from the bandage of restrictions to adapt changes;

however, in some area’s conservatism is required. The act of adhering to the tending to

pervasive the accepted society order especially on sex issues, signifies conservatism.

To hold the purity before inter the holy matrimony seems to be unpredictable anymore

nowadays.

Sensitivity is decision making is required in today’s world with a purpose to be

appearance of events, incidents, or effect of his/her actions. Individual make their own

decisions but occasionally the perspective of others is needed to consider important

details before its final. One of the important decisions on choosing wither to engage in
certain crucial life, wither or not to have premarital sex. The action/decision to be done

has a big part of person’s life in the future.

Teenagers are especially vulnerable group when it comes to premarital sex. In

order to protect themselves, protection from the states and knowledgeable neigh boors

are both necessary. This protection might come from their mental clarity rather than

legal actions to that individuals may make informed decisions about premarital sex

difficulties.

Premarital sex is a terminology which are mostly by people from the teenagers.

Some engage in this act in a casual way and think its effect after they have committed

such activity. It is so common knowledge that when a woman and man engaged in

sexual

intercourse it is occupied with pro creation. This will result the pregnancy and for

teenage.

Premarital sex is an intercourse engaged in by person who are not married to

each other. It is generally used in reference to individuals who are presumed not yet of

marriageable age, or between adult who will presumably marry eventually, but who are

engaging in sexual activity prior to marriage Lucas et.al (2000). Premarital sex is a sex

before marriage and it is generally found among the youths. It involves fornication, rape,

defilement and incest. The causes behind it have been established including curiosity

among the youths, proof of manhood lust, pornography, and its advents effects, insanity

and sex promiscuity as well as moral decadence among the youth Choe et.al, (2004).

According to Joromat (2012) as he observed. He mentioned that some students

discontinued in their study due to early pregnancies and much worst is this pregnancy

will gain with no moral and financial support from the obligated man that contributed to

the early earlier motherhood situation. In facts there is also case in our school where
some students engaged in early marriage and early pregnancy with leads to the dis

continue of study.

Through the years approximately beliefs premarital intercourse comes thing in

recognition is turning into extra evident (Wells et.al (2005), Zhang et.al (1999)).

Premarital sex among young people exposes them to teenage pregnancies unsafe

abortion

sexually transmitted diseases like HIV/AID’S (Anafari; (1997), Li et.al (2015), Okigbo

and Speizer, (2015)).

As teenager we must minimize premarital sex and focus in our study. This

research will investigate the insight of grade 11 students with towards premarital sex.

Perspective of the researcher

The researcher is: Lyrra Mae M. Malasao, Jenebie M. Anlag, Mark Justine R.

Dayanan, Hardie M. Macarial, Ritchelyn B. Bongcalot. They are grade 11 students of

Libayoy National High School with the track of General Academic Strand (GAS).

To consider the student in our place where some students engaged in early

pregnancy and early marriage as the result of premarital sex. As teenager, we can’t

prevent to have relationship (boyfriend/girlfriend) but sex is only for married and not for

students. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the insight on premarital sex of

Grade 11 student in Libayoy National High School.

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of this is shown in Figure 1.

 Contextually, the proposed study took place in school where adolescents are

easily tempted interns of premarital sex. They don’t think what the possible result after

engaging premarital sex, which can lead to teenage pregnancy and unwanted babies.

Engaging premarital sex to unknown/anybody can cause SIDs and HIVs. Therefore, it is

important to note that young people perceptions about premarital sex to minimize this

activity for better future.

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the study.

Grade 11

Premarital Sex

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to conduct a research to examine the perception of Grade 11

students of Libayoy National High School towards Premarital Sex.

Specially, the researcher desire to answer the following;

1. What premarital perception is most prevalent among the respondent?

a. Sex before marriage

b. Marriage before sex?

c. Both

2. Is the respondent insight on premarital sex differ in terms of their sex, age and

gender?

3. What are the possible ways to minimize premarital sex?

Scope and Delimitation

 The scope and delimitation of the study elaborated the following delimiting

parameters, which are projected to illustrate the study from the other studies conducted

on the variable in this investigation.

Subject Matter. The purpose of this study is to examine the insight of Grade 11

students in Libayoy National High School towards premarital sex.

Time and Place. This study conducted in Libayoy National High School, Libayoy

Tigbao Zamboanga Del Sur.

Research Design. This study the descriptive research design, as it is assessing

the existing concept through the survey process and interviews.

Research Method. The study used the descriptive method, a technique that

helps the researcher to obtain the information or the phenomenon being studied.

According to Calderon (2008), as cited by Alberto et.al (2011), the descriptive design is

also known as statistical research, it describes data and characteristics about the

population or phenomenon being studied. The respondents of this study where the

Grade 11 students of Libayoy National High School.

Significant of the study

In the modern day, where social media influence is pervasive. It’s important to

educate the young people especially those who are just starting out about premarital

sex or sex before marriage. Teenage pregnancy and unwanted babies will be the

possible outcome of premarital sex.

The result of this study may have an important impact in:

Students. As a result, they specify the premarital sex related issues to stay away

on it. Avoidance of those action that will interference there objective and provide them a

better and brighter future.

 Parents. They will receive instruction from this study on how to raise their

children who graphs concerning on premarital sex. Additionally, they will learn who in

the family had the greatest influence on their children.

Teachers. The teacher will learn from this research in a competent to decide

what method should be used to instruct the students so that they would understand the

topic of premarital sex better.

Society. The respondents from the general public enhance and over population

will stopped.

Future Researcher. This research paper will help to give idea to the future

researcher who conducted the same study.

Definition of terms

The following context/words were used frequently should be understood on

accordance with the definitions provided below in order to better appreciate the context

and application of this study.

Premarital Sex. Premarital sex is a sexual behaviour that people engage in

before coming married.

Liberal Person. Liberal person is one who does not strictly adhere more

tolerance for change, but they mostly have to do with freedom and openness to change.

Conservative Person. Conservative person is a verse to change the innovation

and holding traditional values.

Teenage Pregnancy. Teenage pregnancy is when a woman gets pregnant

under 20 years old. It usually refers to teens between the ages of 15-19 but it can

include girl’s young as 10.

Structure of the Thesis

 This study consists of five chapters: Chapter 1. The problem, Chapter 2. Review

of Related literature, Chapter 3. Methodology, Chapter 4. Presentation, Analysis and

Interpretation of data, and Chapter 5. Summary of findings, Conclusions, and

Recommendations.

Chapter 1. include/s Introduction of the Problem, Perspective of the Researcher,

Conceptual Framework, Statement of the Problem, Hypothesis, Scope and Delimitation

of the Study, Significance of the Study, Definition of Terms and Structure of the Thesis.

Chapter 2. Discuss about the Review of Related Literature.

Chapter 3. Covers Research Methodology; Research Design, Research

environment, Research Subject, Sampling Techniques, Data Gathering Techniques,

and Statistical Treatment.

Chapter 4. Shows the Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data.

Chapter 5. Figures about the Summary of Findings, the Conclusions reached by

the researcher regarding the statues and significant differences and relationships of the

variables and the Recommendations formulated based on the strength of the findings.

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Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

Premarital sex is very common in our society especially to the teenagers where

having sex with their boyfriend/girlfriend or even in unknown people that leads to

teenage pregnancy and ruin their future.

There is aspect of life that teens do not fully comprehend since they are the

vintage, this specially refers to the behavior known as premarital sex. As stated by
Leyson (2013) “virginity is no longer a commonly expected needs for the marriage

covenant. This the adage might not apply to everyone in the world.

According to Szeman (1985) a village in Hungary have been characterized by the

double standard view much on the role of men and such as the women prohibited to

engage in any type of sexual relationship prior to marriage. Szeman continued that this

outlook has been affected through the exceptionally strong family socialization.

In addition, the study has provided evidence for the notion that despite

liberalization there are still variances in the premarital sexual pattern from Hungary’s

social trends. There are significant variances from one region to the next and from rural

and urban areas.

Szeman (1985) stated being pregnant before getting married is one of the

various situations that exist today. Although Thai people have very good morals and

customs, there are issues in Thai society. In line the current social tends more

individuals are accepting of couples who have lived together in the past. All age groups,

from children to adults may clearly see the tendency towards marriage (Oujit, 2011).

In the study of Ghuman et.al 2006, they suggested that premarital sex is

becoming more common in Vietnam but is still not wide spread. The increase in the

frequency of

premarital sex was seen since there were individuals who engage in sex exclusively

with

a future spouse. They further claimed that “very few men had premarital sex with

someone other than a future spouse.

Pregnancy before marriage is a condition that does not only affect foreign woman

land, but the Philippines also have this. According to the research done by Zablan
(1994) revealed only 2% of young people in the Philippines approved of having sex

before getting married, while 81% disapproved were impartial (Leyson, n.d. citations).

The Philippines is one of the top ten (10) countries according to the World Bank,

where there are more teen mothers (Ong, 2009). The adolescent years after birth of the

child at such an early age. The mother is left with the responsibility of raising the child.

Another important consideration is be considered, however typically this will raise the

nation already excessive populations the miserable state of life.

The Philippines is one of the nations with the quickest growth rates, according to

Writzler 2009, Internet article. People throughout Asia have roughly 2 million annual

births. According to the government estimates in the Philippines populations could

reach 142 million people by 2040. Furthermore, he elaborated on the fact that teenage

pregnancy is common in the Philippines particularly among the Manila is indigent.

Significant health hazards are present for young moms obstructed labors is

frequent and result in the mom’s ability or death as well as neonatal deaths. Harding

(2010) echoed this. When the author claimed in this paper that there are purported

negative physical and psychological repercussion of premarital sex is analogous to

birthing outside of marriage. In telephone conversation with Rama Kangleon, the

population officer, Gorne (2006) discovered that premarital sex incidents and teenage

pregnancies are common in Southern Leyte.

According to Kangleon (2011), the most recent outcome on the Maasin City

scares that provincial government. The Pinoy youth survey conducted together with the

population commission was starting because in terms of the frequency of teenage

pregnancy and premarital sex Eastern Visayas come in second Southern Leyte is

include in the occurrence surrounding Metro Manila (Gorne, 2006).

Kangleon (2011) noted further that elementary aged youngster are not free from

adolescent pregnancies especially those who have already had their period for the
month. It is vital become pregnant when you’re not quite in your adolescent year

because at this the woman is anticipated the secured a higher position. By this well

enable to her to avoid financial difficulties. She is now physically capable therefore this

is also expected.

Melgar (2009) cited in Ong (2009) stated that he was prepared to confront the

motherhood. Despite this, this social teenage year required appropriate direction.

According to Tigdill (1998) who was quoting from a time magazines CCNN survey that

74% of teens responded that their friends and the television where the main sources of

only 1% of teenage says their parents gave them more sexual information according to

(as mentioned in the king book of Human Sexually today Fourth edition) premarital sex

offenders in the Philippines are not without victims. States without victims do not

prosecute those who have accused of the crime (“Gale Group”, 2008).

There are overseas Pilipino workers (OFWs) in nations in Europe or North

America and they discovered that premarital sex is common among teenager in their

corresponding spot. They discovered that since they view chastity as being outdated, it

is not significant to them constructed virtue. This is the reason many OFWs, particular

moms are presently hoping that their daughters and boy will continue to uphold virginity

and reject western society horns. As of 2011 (Villegas).

As of underage of 17 is typically believed to be single in Philippines because the

majority age is 18. This is the age at which individuals may enter into a marriage under

Philippines law valid agreement. Thus, this well fuel the notion that when a woman has

a child at this age, she is capable in caring for them has had premarital intercourse but

is

not yet married.

The findings by Woodward, and Hovwood (2004) highlighted showed women

between the ages of 17 to 20 were must likely to become pregnant for the first time
United States of America (USA). While there were still teenagers 40% of all teenagers

and 75%m of those between the age of 13 to 19, who had had sex. By the age of 19,

America women will become pregnant (Myers, 1990) it is noted worthy that adolescent

both the mother and baby induce long term problems during pregnancies.

While the UP-Population Institute data shows younger average ages for those

who have sex before being married. It was discovered that one 4 (1st) Filipinos

premarital sex is being had by 24 people according to a (2007) report (“Premarital sex”).

According to data from May 2021, there are 10 instances for children age 10 to 14 and

606 cases for those between the age of 15 and 19 in Zamboanga City.

Information officer for POP COM-9 Cecillies Abuy reported that the number of

teenage pregnancies in the area has decreased from 11,554 in 2018 to 2,811 in 2019.

In order to connect with young people and improve social protection, Abuy said they

launched a variety of interventions, including seminars, trainings, projects, and other

populations awareness initiatives.

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Chapter 3

Research Methods
 This chapter describe the study’s methodology. Discusses the research

environment, research subject, sampling techniques, instrumentation, gathering data

strategies, and statistical analysis. It also covers the discussion of the research design

and research methodology.

Research Design

This study applies qualitative type of research.

In qualitative research, they are gathered to test hypothesis or provide answers

to question about the current situation of the study’s subject is assist the situation and

report it’s finding. Data analysis is primarily statistical, and it gathers numerical data to

understand, forecast, and regulate event of interest (Gay, 1996)

Qualitative research is primarily exploratory research. It is use to investigate

underlying causes, opinions and motives. Qualitative research offers insights into

problems or aids and the development of concepts or hypothesis for possible qualitative

study. In depth problem solving and discover of thoughts and opinion patters are others

uses for qualitative research. The procedures use to collect qualitative research to

collect data might be semi-structure or unstructured. Some popular strategies are focus

group (Group Discussion), one on one interviews and participation / observation

according to Wyse (2011) the sample size is often limited and respondents are chosen

to meet a predetermine quota.

Research Environment

This study was conducted in Libayoy National High School. Libayoy National

High School bill originated in the House of Representatives through the effort of

honorable Antonio Cerilles, was signed into law by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.

By virtue of

11

R.A. 9564, the school was finally legislated on April 7, 2009 bearing the official name as
Libayoy National High School. The said act gave the school full authority in terms of

operations. The school site has the total land area of three hectares donated by the

LGU through the effort of Barangay Captain Honorable Eduardo A. Camaongay

together with the barangay councils. At present, the school is in its fruitful existing,

although much is needed to do especially in terms of physical facilities. The school now

has a total enrollment of ___ junior students and ___ senior students with ___ teachers

in junior high school and ___ teacher in senior high school. The school only offer the

General Academic strand in their senior high school course. Figure present the photo of

Libayoy National High School.

Figure 2 Libayoy National High School

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Research Participants
 The research participant of the study was Grade 11 students of Libayoy National

High School. Table 1 presents the research participants.

As shown in the table, this study was limited to use the population of Grade 11

students of Libayoy National High School.

Table 1. The Research Participants

No. Schools Grade 11 students

1 Libayoy national high school 37

Total 37

Research Instruments

An adapted survey-questionnaires from Anna C. Bocar et.al. (2013)

On their study “Student perception toward premarital sex” were used in obtaining

necessary information needed about the subjects. It contains items that determined the

insights of Grade 11 students toward premarital sex. Items in this part were presented in

five-point Likert Scale. The respondent specified their perception of premarital sex as

Yes (5), Sometimes (4), Often (3), Maybe (2), No (1).

Data Gathering Techniques

The Grade 11 students 20 item questionnaire to evaluate themselves on

how much they are oriented on pre-marital sex and what are the consequences on

indulging with it, as well as their perception on premarital sex.

The following steps were observed in the gathering of data portion of the

study. First permission to conduct a study in the research environment was from the

school

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division superintendent, after approval, the researcher set appointment with the school
principal to administer the questionnaire in their schools, Since the principal and the

total population of teacher were taken, the researcher distributed the questionnaires to

the respondent. The researcher explained the purpose of the study and the manner by

which the interest to be accomplished. The retrieval of the instrument was done on the

spot after respondents answer all the given questions.

To deepen the interpretation of qualitative data gathered all the Grade 11 student

were interviewed by the researchers.

Statistical Treatment

The statistical processes perform in the investigation involve descriptive

statistics, such as the mean, to measure central tendencies.

Ethical Considerations in Research

The following are the major ethical issues considered in conducting research.

They are equally crucial that researcher should know, understand and consider them,

they are but not limited to;

Informed consent is the major ethical issue in conducting research. It means

that a person knowingly, voluntarily and intelligently, and in a clear and manifest way,

gives his consent. Informed consent is one of the means by which a patience right to

autonomy is protected.

Beneficence- ‘’ The principle of beneficence includes the professional

mandate to do effective and significant research so as to better serve and promote of

our respondents’’.

Respect for anonymity and confidentiality – the issue of confidentiality

and anonymity is closely connected with the right of beneficence, respect for the dignity

and fidelity. Anonymity is protected when the subject identity cannot be linked with

personal

14
responses. If the researcher is not able to promise anonymity he has to address

confidentiality, which is the management of private information by the researcher in

order to protect the subject’s identity. Confidentiality means that individuals are free to

give and withhold as much information as they wish to the person they choose. The

researcher is responsible to “maintain confidential key that goes beyond ordinary

loyalty”.

Respect for privacy – privacy is the freedom an individual has to determine

the time, extent, and general circumstances under which private information will be

shared with or withheld from others. Invasion of privacy happens when private

information such as beliefs, attitude, opinions and records, is shared with others without

the person’s knowledge or consents. A researcher cannot decide on behalf of other

persons on those

delicate issues. All aims, instruments and methodology must be discussed with the

prospective subject and the researcher works prior to the investigation. Whenever

subjects refuse to report personal information as they regard it an invasion of privacy,

the researcher ought to respect their views.

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Survey Questionnaire

Name: (Optional) ____________________________ Age:_______ Sex:______

YES (5), SOMETIMES (4), OFTEN (3), MAYBE (2), NO (1)

What premarital sex perception is not prevalent among the respondent?
1. Have you experience sex?
2. Does Premarital sex is okay as long as you have protections/contraceptives?
3. Does Premarital sex is a common activity in this modernistic generation?
4. Premarital sex is just the same as sex after marriage.
5. It is alright to have sex before marriage.
6. It is alright to have premarital sex with man or woman who is married to another.
7. Man or woman can engage premarital sex even if they are not getting marriage.
8. One need to love a person when he is going to have sex before marriage.
9. It Is alright to have a sex before sex if it is with you have planning to marry.
10. It is alright to have premarital sex in relationship that has last at least a week.

Is the respondent insight on premarital sex differ in terms of their sex, age and gender?
1. It is okay to have sex just for fun if both people involve agree and do not expect a
relationship to develop.
2. Sex is just a part of relationship.
3. It is alright to have sex with someone who a person has only known for a week.
4. Does premarital sex helps improving oneself such as improving health or
forgetting problem?
5. Does Premarital sex do not emotionally damage a person?
6. Premarital sex not a sin against God.
7. Premarital sex is freedom.
8. Premarital is sometimes just a mistake.
9. Premarital sex is not a problem of society that need to be solve.
10. Premarital is not just about lust and desire.
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