Chapter 1: The Problem and Review of Related Literature

Introduction

Teenage pregnancy is a situation which involves female adolescents. A teenage female can
be pregnant as early as age twelve or thirteen, although it is usually fourteen and older.
Nowadays, many women at a young age are getting pregnant. Teenage pregnancy is one of the
most issues that affect societies all over the world and is considered as communal problem.

Even before Reproductive Health Law in the Philippines was proposed, this problem is
prevalent. Moreover, it entails consequences to the childbearing teenager as well as risk factors,
both to the child and the mother to be.

Anemia, highblood pressure, premature birth, poor nutrition and absence of pre-natal
care, toxemia and placenta previa are some of health risks of the pregnant teen and the unborn
child.

Most consequences of the unwanted pregnancy is burdened by the mother since she will
have to give up much of her life in order to tend the child. Dropping out from school is the most
common things to follow.

This research paper provides an overview of pregnancy that happens in teenage years.
Researchers will emphasize on the reasons as to why this happens, as well consequences of and
prevention of teenage pregnancy.

Setting of the Study

Doing a research is hard especially that our topic is all about teenage pregnancy.
Researchers gauged if there are willing interviewees for their study.

Interviewees are mainly from Bulaon, Pampanga, in order to narrow down the population
of the study. After being interviewed, all their answers are inputted in research paper. Also, the
selected interviewees are mostly with contact amongst the researchers in order to preserve
confidentiality.

Review of Related Literature

According to Madison Beauty, most people, almost everyone knows about being a teen
mom. Teen pregnancy rates are growing and we need to bring awareness to that.

According to Krisse “Teen pregnancy is communal problem, a family problem, and a

personal problem all rolled into one. It frequently goes hand in hard with premarital sex.”

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 Fox(2008) also defined teenage pregnancy as one of the most important and alarming
issues in today'sworld. A teenage pregnancy, also referred to as teen pregnancy, comes to be
when a girl attains motherhood before she becomes a major or adult, as laid down by the law of
the land (p.5).

Some 16.5 million Filipinos belong to the 15-24 year old age group. Filipinos are forced
with a glaring truth that at a very young age, a lot of young people today have children of their
own. 30% of all births belong to this age group; and by the age of 20, 25% of the youth are
already mothers. This shocking truth about teenage pregnancy in the Philippines should wake the
government and parents themselves to take action (Flores, 2008).

According to the 2002 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study by the University of the
Philippines Population Institute (Uppi) and the Demographic Research and Development
Foundation, twenty six(26%) of our Filipino youth nationwide from ages 15 to 25 admitted to
having a premarital sex experience.

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Profile of teenager Self-Structure Identify the reasons and

students engaged in Questionnaire Gathering circumstances that led to
teenage pregnancy Data from teen aged the teenage pregnancy
students and their current situation

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Statement of the Problem

This study aims to emphasize on the reasons and circumstances that may have led to teenage
pregnancy as well as its effect on the current life of the teens that underwent to this.

Specifically, the study attempts to answer this question

1. What is the demographic profile in terms of age, age when pregnant, educational
attainment, status of the respondents.
2. Is there a significant difference among the sociological and psychological problems of the
teens during the time of conception?
3. Among the causes of the teenage pregnancy, what is the most that impacts the teens?

Hypothesis

The following null- hypotheses were formulated to guide the study:

1. There is no significant difference on the educational development of teenage pregnancy when

grouped according to age, educational attainment, status.

2. The causes of teenage pregnancy has no significant effect on the holistic development of youth
in Bulaon, City of San Fernando.

Scope Of Limitation

The study is delimited to students who have been pregnant at their teens (12-19) years old
and living in, Bulaon. The subjects were drawn to the students who have been pregnant and or
have been a student on their teenager days and living in Bulaon. The study focused on the extent
of major causes of teenage pregnancy which are family, peers, community, with the holistic
development of youth in Bulaon.

Definition of Terms

Only words or phrases which have unique meaning in our study are defined. The words are
defined in working order, that is how they are used in the study based on the dictionary.
1). Teenager - A person age from 13 to 19 years old.
2). Pregnancy - A is the time during which one or more off spring develops inside a woman.
3). Teenage Pregnancy – Is a pregnancy in females under the age of 20.
4). Birth – the emergency of the baby or other young from the body of its mother.
5). Menstruation - is the regular discharge of blood mucosal tissue from the inner lining of the
uterus through the vagina.
6). Risk - an situation involving exposure to danger.

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7). Issue – an important topic or problem for debate or discussion
8). Factors - a circumstance fact or influence that contribute to a result or outcome.
9). Sex – A. sexual activity, including specifically sexual intercourse.
B. either of two main categories (Male or Female)
10). Consequences - a result or effect of action an action or condition
11). Advantages - a condition circumtances that puts one in a favorable or superior position.
12). Disadvantage - an unfavorable circumstances or condition that reuces the chances of
success or effectiveness.
13). Guaranteed - A. provide a formal assurance or promise, especially that certain condition
shall be fulfilled relating to a product, service or transaction.

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 Chapter 2

Methodology

Research Design

The study being conducted is a descriptive, qualitative research. It includes the collection
of data needed to answer the question concerning the current status of the study.

Research Respondents

The respondents of this research study are the female teen age students that are enaged in teenage
pregnancy in Bulaon, City of San Fernando. This study is conducted at Pampanga where the
study focuses to extract the statistical data of teenage pregnancy. This study is conducted in
December 2017- January 2018.

Sampling Design

In this study, researchers used non probability sampling to select teenage mom that are
familiar to the researchers. Specifically, the study utilized purposive/judgmental sampling where
people whom you are sure could correspond to the object of your study like are selected.

Source of Data

Researchers did a survey through asking them in person to gather information about teenage
pregnancy. It might aim to obtain the opinions, thoughts, and feelings of the interviewees.
Researchers also observe to examine people or the teen moms according to their situations.
Consequently, researchers interviewed to know what are their experienced in this topic and what
are their problem regarding this and of course there’s a questionnaire to interview them because
questionnaire are useful and it’s makes our interviews fast.

Instrument

The researchers used a self-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire is all about the
background of the information about the pregnancy of the teenager. It is structured as to guide
the respondent in reflecting and understanding her situation

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Data Gathering

We gathered data from our respondents by giving them questionnaire we made. Each survey
questionnaire is written or a piece of paper and it has enough space for respondents to answer. It
has set of question carefully made chosen to achieve the information we need. Our respondent
writes their name, age. We also made sure that there is someone from our group guides the
respondents. And we will be there to give solution to some concern or question in case. It is
needed but of course we will also take note that it will not affect the answer of our chosen
respondents.

Data Analysis

We analyzed data and we read some answers that our chosen correspondents answered then
we list down everything. Like their answers to our questionnaire that we made.

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 Chapter 3

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of data

This chapter present analyst and interprets the data gather to determine the problem of this
situation. Our topic in this research is Teenage Pregnancy, the one who got pregnant in their
young age. This research paper provides an overview about pregnancy. We made some
questionnaire to be answer by them and we analyst and study their answer. They said that being a
teenage mom is not easy and also you can not do what you want, because you always look for
your child. This study present the things all about teenage mom or how hard is this situation for
them.

This table represents the name of the people we survey and show how old they are when
they get pregnant and more information of them.

Name of the Birthday Age Year of Giving birth

Myrhel Ace Ejera May 12, 1998 19 2016

Christina Perico June 8, 1997 20 2014

Cherrlyn Nacpil November 05, 2000 17 Currently pregnant