Technological Institute of the Philippines-Manila

P. Casal St., Quiapo, Manila

College of Engineering and Architecture Department

PLANNING 3

AR 452

HW #1 : Local Examples Showing Principles from the History of Settlement Planning

Submitted by:

Ebio, Kim Harold M.

Section:

ARCH42S4

Submitted to:

Josefina De Asis

Date:

02/01/2024
PART 1. Defining characteristics of the period/ type of settlement

Nomadic Settlement to Rise of Civilization - Human settlements evolve through distinct periods, each marked by
unique characteristics. Nomadic, agricultural, and the rise of civilization encapsulate key aspects of societal
development. This journey explores the interplay between environmental adaptation and cultural shifts, shaping
diverse human societies.

Nomadic Settlements:

 Territoriality: Loose sense; claim to a place only during occupation, moving from place to place.
 Adaptability: Nomadic lifestyle requires adaptability to changing environments.
 Dwellings: Simple 1-room structures, constructed from locally available materials.

Agricultural Settlements:

 Technological Advancements: Introduction of the plow and agricultural developments.

 Social Structure: Growth of communities fosters the development of hierarchical systems.
 Settlement Location: Often near bodies of water to harness benefits of natural resources.
 Planning: Two primary layouts—radiocentric and rectilinear planning—emerge during this period.

Rise of Human Civilization:

 Cultural Symbolism: Monumental structures serve as cultural and religious symbols.

 Spiritual Practices: Communities build monuments reflecting changes in worship and lifestyle.
 Urbanization: Concentration of population around significant architectural developments.
 Social Segregation: Higher social classes tend to reside near important structures, emphasizing
status.

Classical Cities to Renaissance - In the course of urban development, various historical periods have left their
distinct imprints on city architecture and planning. From strategic fortifications to grandiose structures, each era
brought unique features to cityscapes.

Greek Classical Cities:

 Defensive Architecture: Greeks built forts on mountaintops for protection during frequent wars.
 Community-Centric Polis: Greek city-states centered on community life, with spaces for interaction.
 Urban Planning Pioneer: Hippodamus of Miletus, introduced the grid system.
 Roman Classical Cities:

 Monumental Architecture: Emphasizing grandeur as a symbol of power.

 Infrastructure Focus: Romans prioritized utilities and engineering not emphasizing on defense.
 Social Class System: Class system reflected in the separation of forums and types of dwellings.

Medieval Period:

 Establishment of Cities: Former Roman outposts became medieval cities, often small and fortified.
 Christian Influence: Christian churches became focal points in medieval cities.
 Feudal System: Population growth led to the decline; turned to country estates, forming feudalism

Renaissance Cities:

 Humanist Influence: Renaissance humanism emphasized human achievements and potential.

 Scientific Urban Planning: Renaissance thinkers introduced scientific principles to city planning.
 Colonial Planning: European exploration and colonization led to the planning of colonized nations.

Industrial Revolution to Globalization - In the Industrial Revolution, urban planning adapted for concentrated
industries, high-density settlements, and environmental considerations. The rise of automobiles prompted
decentralized suburban development. Internationally, planning supported product specialization and global
collaboration, evolving into transnational initiatives as globalization erased traditional boundaries.

Industrial Revolution:

 Centralized Industrial Zones: Planning emphasizes the concentration of industries in specific zones
 High-Density Urban Planning: High-density settlements around industrial hubs and railway
networks.
 Decentralized Suburban: automobile prompts development emphasizing on highway accessibility.
 Environmental Planning: Becomes crucial due to the environmental impact of industrial activities.

Internationalization and Globalization:

 Infrastructure Planning for Specialization: focus on tailored infrastructure to support specialization

 Global Component Integration: integration of components necessitating global collaboration.
 Transnational Urban Planning: As globalization blurs national boundaries, urban planning extends.
PART 2. Local Example