INTELLECTUAL

REVOLUTIONS
LEARNING OUTCOMES:

➢Articulate ways by which society is transformed by

science and technology.
➢ Trace the history of science and Technology in
different areas and civilization; and
➢Enumerate scientific and Technological
advancement made by people and some
civilizations of seventeenth century.
 Scientific Events that changed our sociey
1300- 1600 – a time of great change in Europe as scholars began
to question ideas that had been accepted for hundreds of years.
BEFORE 1500 – scholars generally decided what was true or
false by referring to an ancient Greek or Roman author or to the
Bible.
REFORMATION – religious movement that prompted followers to
challenge accepted ways of thinking about God and salvation
 A NEW WAY OF THINKING

BEGINNING IN THE MID- 1500’s – few scholars published works

that challenged the ideas of the ancient thinkers and the church. As
scholars replaced old assumptions with new theories, they launched
a change in European thought that historians..
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION - was a new way of thinking about the
natural world. This way was based upon careful observation and a
willingness to question accepted beliefs reached because of the
combination of discoveries and circumstances the age that fueled
scientific researches especially in astronomy and mathematics.
 THE MEDIEVAL VIEW

GEOCENTRIC THEORY Ptolemy

A REVOLUTIONARY MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE

HELIOCENTRIC THEORY
A REVOLUTIONARY MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE

Tychonian Planetary Model TYCHO BRAHE

 GALILIEO’S DISCOVERY
GALILEO GALILEI – an
Italian scientist who built new theories
about astronomy;
➢ he studied heavens in 1609 using
telescopes he made.
➢ He published a small book entitled
Starry Messenger which described
his astonishing observations;
➢ he announced that there are four
moons of Jupiter;
➢ the sun had dark spots
GALILIEO’S DISCOVERY

➢ earth’s moon had a rough,

uneven surface (shattered
Aristotle’s theory that the
moon and stars were made of
a pure, perfect substance.
➢ His laws and observations
also supported the theories of
Copernicus.
 CONFLICT WITH THE CHURCH
1. Galileo’s findings frightened both Catholic and Protestant leaders because they went against
church teaching and authority. If people believed the church could be wrong about this, they
could question other church teachings as well.
2. In 1616, the Catholic Church warned Galileo not to defend the ideas of Copernicus. Although
Galileo remained publicly silent, he continued his studies.
3. Then, in 1632, he published Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. This book
presented the ideas of both Copernicus and Ptolemy, but it clearly showed that Galileo
supported the Copernican theory. The pope angrily summoned Galileo to Rome to stand trial
before the inquisition. Galileo stood before the court in 1633. Under the threat of torture, he
knelt before the cardinals and read aloud a signed confession. In it, he agreed that the ideas
of Copernicus were false.
4. Galileo was never again a free man. He lived under house arrest and died in 1642 at his villa
near Florence. However, his books and ideas still spread all over Europe. (In 1992, the
Catholic Church officially acknowledged that Galileo had been right).
5. The revolution in scientific thinking that Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo began eventually
developed into a new approach to science called the scientific method.
 THE
ENLIGHTENMENT
 THE ENLIGHTENMENT
Benjamin Franklin - British colonist who embodied Enlightenment ideals in the British Atlantic with
his scientific experiments and philanthropic endeavors. he gained fame on both sides of the
Atlantic as a printer, publisher, and scientist
Several ideas dominated Enlightenment thought,
1. Rationalism is the idea that humans are capable of using their faculty of
reason to gain knowledge.
2. Empiricism promotes the idea that knowledge comes from experience and
observation of the world.
3. Progressivism is the belief that through their powers of reason and
observation, humans can make unlimited, linear progress over time.
4. Cosmopolitanism reflected Enlightenment thinkers’ view of themselves as
actively engaged citizens of the world as opposed to provincial and close-
minded individuals.
 FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
SIGMUND FREUD – Sigmund Freud was one of the famous psychologists who
dedicated his entire life to the study of the human mind. He has given a theory
of mind that talks about the different levels of the mind. In this theory, he has
created characters for the three levels of mind defined by him
MODELS OF THE MIND
1. Conscious- this is where our current thoughts, feelings, and focus live.
2. Preconscious (sometimes called the subconscious) - this is the home of
everything we can recall or retrieve from our memory.
3. Unconscious- at the deepest level of our minds resides a repository of the
processes that drive our behavior, including primitive and instinctual
desires.
 THREE METAPHORICAL PARTS TO THE MIND:

Id: The id operates at an

unconscious level and focuses
solely on instinctual drives and
desires..
Ego: The ego acts as both a conduit
for and a check on the id, working to
meet the id’s needs in a socially
appropriate way.
Superego: The superego is the
portion of the mind in which morality
and higher principles reside,
encouraging us to act in socially
and morally acceptable ways
 DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
CHARLES DARWIN- an English naturalist and geologist who explained the diversity of life on
Earth with a theory of evolution in his book “On the origin of species” that was published in 1859
Evolution, as explained by Darwin, occurs by means of natural selection.

In addition, natural selection might occur because of the following reasons:

1. OVERPRODUCTION AND VARIATION – some species produce many offspring but not all of
these young will survive. It means that not all of the offspring have the characteristics to
survive in the environment.
2. COMPETITION AND SELECTION – competition may or may not be direct but the idea is
always on the survival of the organism. The organisms that survived more likely reproduce
which transfer their characteristics to their offspring.
3. ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE – the environment will not adjust for the organism but rather it
is always the organism that will change to adapt to the environment.
 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Fossil Fuels, Steam Power, and the Rise of Manufacturing At one time,
humans were fueled by the animals and plants they ate and the wood they
burned, or aided by their domesticated animals, provided most of the
energy in use. Windmills and waterwheels captured some extra energy, but
there was little in reserve. All life operated within the fairly immediate flow of
energy from the Sun to Earth.

Industrial Revolution which began around 1750. People found an extra

source of energy with an incredible capacity for work. That source was
fossil fuels — coal, oil, and natural gas.
 Early Steam Engines
1. JAMES WATT (1736–1819)- a Scottish instrument-maker who in 1776
designed an engine in which burning coal produced steam, which drove a
piston assisted by a partial vacuum
2. STEAM ENGINE- its first applications was to more quickly and efficiently
pump water out of coal mines, to better allow for extraction of the natural
resource, but Watt’s engine worked well enough to be put to other uses; he
became a wealthy man.
3. Attached to machines that spin cotton thread on spindles and to weave it
into cloth on looms for faster production of cotton cloth.
4. British also invented steam locomotives and steamships, which
revolutionized travel.
 Assessment Task
Instructions: Answer each question in 3-5 sentences. Encode your answer in MS word/WPS word (if
there’s any, if none write your answer in yellow paper and took a photo of it). Submit it in our google
classroom. Please be guided with the rubrics set below.

1. How will you define a society without science and technology?

2. What do you think are the factors that adds resistance to intellectual revolution during the time of
antiquity?
3. In your own perspective, how important intellectual/scientific revolution is?
that ends topic 5…

THANK YOU
Next meeting!
✓ Graded group recitation
(bring 1pc chalk and 1/8 size
illustration board/group)