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slw23 Dete

CROP PRODUCTION
AN
MANAGEMENT
AGRICULTURE

The practice of groing plants and rearing

animals on a large cale fox food, fiber
and other UseAul product is called
agriculture'
CROP y

ihen plants of same kind are grovn trgether

On alarge 3cale it is called a crop
Eg- theat., Barley.
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514/23,

AGRICULTURE-Derived from a latin Nord

agricultura.
ager - feild
Cultüra - cutivate

HO TS

Why food has to be produced in alarge

Scale P

ans Food has to be produced n alarge scale to

feed a large population
92:
g2 Types of cTOps on the basis of seasons:
ans Types OP Crops on the basis Of seasohs
are :

Kharif- GrowS in ka rainy Seasons

2. Rabi Gtrows in vointer seasons
Loct to Marchl
 ans2)
Kharit cropssigetteg Rabi Crops
These are growh inouThese are gronin ninter
rainy season SeAsono
-From June to September From october tp March thers
here is production of Kharf crops is produchion of
Krarif crops generally need 3
Rabi crops generally ned
Rabi crops.
months to grow. 5 (months to ge grow.
For ex - Paddy, maiz e . iFor ex- theat
,

Foyabean, groundnut, ,grom,

pea, mustard, inseed
Obton,
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zl4l23)

Agicultural_Activity-Cultivation of cHops involves

Geveral activities Under taken by farmers over a
period cftime is kho ins as Agricultural Activities.
The following activities are reffered to as
agricultUral practices -

iPrepanaration of sail
ii
Goting
L Adding manure and fertileaser s
i Irigation
Protecting from szeeds
vi Harvesing
vi Gtarage
Preparatione of soil- The preparation of soil is the
first step before groing a Crop
The steps involved in this are:
i)ploughing
PTO
 ploughing The process.Of 1085tnirg and turing
of the goii fs called
is tfiing ar
done by using a plough. plaugting.This
up of wOod or 4y iron ploughs are.made
If the soft is very
dry, it. may need iatering
befure plaughirg
i) Levelling- The ploughed feild may
of soil called
crumbs. t ís
hate big clumps.
necessary
these crumos. Leelling the fegld is tobreak
for soving as Nellas for irrigaion benefcial.
9oil is Lexeling of
done vith the help ofaleveller.

Plaugh
This is uSed Since andent time.
for tilling soil.
adding ferilizers t the crop.
remoxing Keeds
turring Gi
This is made of wood and draWn by a påir cf wotf
 Ploughehaft

Ployhshare
The plovgh

handlete beam

Lrod
bent
plate
Ahoe
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It contains aStrong rectangular iron Strip

ploughshare. colled
The main part of the plough is a
which is called long og ofWood.
ploughshaft.
On the ends of the plough
there is handle on
one Gide and another end is
attached toa
beam hich is placed on bulls, neck.
Hoe -
It is a simple tol which is used for emaining
remoxing eeds and for lossening the soil.
It hasa long rod of wood or Tron. Astrang
board and bent plate ofion are fixed to the
ends
And pulled by animals
HOTS GUESTIONS |?

"WHY PADN CAN NOT BE GROWN INWINTER

SEASON?
crop and these kinds
ans:Paddy is atype of Kharif
need much water to grow Therefore
ofcrop
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Bridging the

Photnsynthesis -The prOCeSs Of making food by

the plants with the help of Sunlight , CO2y
ater and Chiorophyll pigment.
Carbondioxide t Water anight Glucose t Oxygen
Chlanphyll
Chlophyll -Green coloured pigment phesent in
Chloroplast of plant cell is knowh as
chlorap'yll Which tiraps solar energy.
Todine sol uhon
Test ’ Destarchleaf by boi línqTorn blue -black

Symbiosis - Arelationship in nhich tuo organisms

utually benefit each other
Rhizome- Rhizobium Bacteria_ is found
root nodules. of lequnxinous plants. Itgot
food and shelter from the plant. Tn returhe
it tixes nitrogen and repleyish the soil.
 Ngtrition in plant

Aututrophic
hutrition Hetrotophie
nutrition
nskng food by thengef Depend onh green plants for
by photoyn thetis fopd Cdirecty or
EgNon green indlrectiy
Non greern plant
Paresite Insectiverovs
plant
Ssprotophytic Symbiothic
pont plants

Gscsta, Pitcher
Raffesa plant Mushroom,
Yeast
itchen
Rhizafoem
Ahizobium
 tctity-I
Aim- To separate heatthy seeds trom unhealthy seeds.
Matenal reauired- Beaker, wheatl gram sSeeds, water
it
Method- Take a beaker and fill half of awith wâter
Putahandfl of &wheat Seeds and stir el
hait for Some tite. well,
observation- bamar Damaged seeds became helilow ahd are
thus lighter &floats. Heaithy Seeds are heavy, sotey
SinK

Resuit- Healthy seds are separated from unhealthy s&ud

kBeaken
Damoged seads
ater
8888 R0 teotiy soed S
214l23 Date

2
Soing of Geeds

berbre Soning-good qualty , Cean 2 healthy seeds.

Cf god vaniets are selected.
factors important while Gowing Seeds
ISeedlings thould have enough space fox gouith
and Should not Compete for nutrients, water

2Seeds should be Goun at the right depth.If they

are too close tp the surface, they may be
eaten by birds I tey too deep, trey may be
deprived of ar and woter. Dt: 25|4l23

Methods of soving Seeds.

used tradionally for souingseds is Shaped likea
TrAdional method:he tool
seeds manually with the help ot
a Brodcasting 5cattering
h¡nds
P.0
15

Funnel

Seeds

-Ppe

Funrel b-Opening
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bUsing funnel shaped tool- The seeds are Acd afmnal

into the funnel pas sed douwn through two or three
pipes having sharp ends. These ends_pierce int.
the coil and place Seeds there,

Seed dril - The Seeds drill is used for sowing witn

the help of tractors. Tbis SoNS the seeds uniformly
at equal distance and depth. ItensUres that
Seeds get covered by the soil after Sowinghis
preteets Geeds frem-beia eaten y bivds
Sonting by Using dseed dill Saves time and
labour.
Appropriate distance betuween the seed is Aessenecessary
Tiis allons plants to get sufficient sunlight, nutrient,
and water from the soil.

LAdding Manure and fertilisers

The Subetahces which are added to the soil in the
form of nutrients fur the healtty gronth of plants
are called manure and fertilizers..
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Sno
Ferilizer Manure
1:
Fertilizer is a nman Manure isA natuHal
made inorqanic Saltsubstance obtaihed
by the decomposi hon
of cattle dung and
plant residues.

2Fertiliser is_pre pared 2Manure can be preparea

in factones in the fields.

3Fertiliser does not 3Manure provides alot

provide humus to theof humus to the soil.
Soil

FerilizerS âTe veTs Manure is relatively les

rich in plant nutnents rich in plahrt nubients.
like ritrogen,plhusphora
and potaSsiuna.
5Eg urea, ammoniaum 5 Eg: Coompost mawrs
phosphate, potash, qnean
NPK INitrogen. potdssium
hosgkanud
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Adiantnges of manua
The organic Manuse ls Considened bettey than
Aertili zers. This is because
lt enbances the watey holding capacity of the soil

lt makes the soil porous due to thich eXchange of

gases beComes easy.
It increases the nuntber of friendly microbes

It improves the textwne of the soil.