Republic of the Philippines

ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIVERSITY

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
/ Tel. No. (062) 955-3732

COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMPUTING SCIENCES

Name: ALQUIN JOHN O. BULALANG Date: April 11,2024

Subject Code & Title: GE-ELECTICE 3 Score:
Course, Year, and Section: BSInfotech 2-A Face-to-Face class/Online class

I. DEFINITION OF TERMS. Define each term below and give your own understanding of
each word.

1. PATRIARCHY – In my own understanding, patriarchy is a social structure where men

hold the primary power and dominate in roles such as political leadership, moral
authority, and control of property. This system often results in the marginalization or
oppression of women and other genders.

2. FEMINISM – In my own understanding, feminism is a socio-political movement and

ideology that advocates for gender equality. It challenges patriarchal systems and fights
for the rights and interests of women and all genders, aiming for equal opportunities
and treatment in all aspects of life.

3. SEXISM – In my own understanding, sexism is the discrimination or bias based on

one's gender. It can manifest in various ways, such as through stereotypes,
discriminatory practices, or prejudiced beliefs, and it often leads to unequal treatment
or opportunities.

4. GENDER PAY GAP – In my own understanding, the gender pay gap refers to the
average difference in pay between men and women for the same work. It is a
manifestation of gender inequality in the workplace, where women typically earn less
than men for performing the same jobs.

5. WOMEN EMPOWERMENT – In my own understanding, women empowerment refers

to the process of granting women the freedom to make life-determining decisions,
providing them with control over resources, and ensuring their active participation in
all spheres of life. It is a crucial step towards achieving gender equality.

6. WOMEN SUFFRAGE – In my own understanding, women's suffrage refers to the right

of women to vote in elections. It is a fundamental aspect of gender equality and
democratic societies, as it ensures women's participation in political processes.

7. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE – In my own understanding, domestic violence refers to

abusive behaviors (which can be physical, emotional, sexual, or psychological) that
occur within a domestic setting, such as in a relationship or a family. It is a violation of
an individual's rights, safety, and well-being.

8. SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE – In my own understanding,

sexual harassment and sexual violence refer to unwelcome sexual advances, requests for
 sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. These acts can
occur in various settings, such as the workplace or educational institutions, and they
constitute a form of gender-based violence.

III. RESEARCH ON HISTORICAL VIEWS ON GENDER OF THE FOLLOWING

COUNTRY:

1. GREEK - In ancient Greece, gender roles were distinctly divided, and the society was predominantly
patriarchal. Men were primarily involved in public life and decision-making, dominating political, social, and
economic spheres. Women, on the other hand, were confined mostly to the domestic sphere, their roles revolving
around household duties and managing family affairs. However, it is essential to note that there were exceptions,
particularly in mythology and among the deities, where goddesses held significant power and influence, reflecting
a complex view of femininity and strength. Additionally, the city-state of Sparta presented a somewhat different
picture, where women had more freedom and could own property.

2. EGYPT - Ancient Egypt presented a more nuanced view of gender roles compared to many contemporary
societies. Women in ancient Egypt enjoyed a higher degree of social and legal rights. They could own property,
initiate divorce, and were involved in court proceedings. The society revered goddesses as much as gods, with
deities like Isis exemplifying the ideal mother and wife while also being a powerful magic practitioner. Pharaohs,
regardless of gender, were considered divine, and female pharaohs like Hatshepsut demonstrated that women
could rule as effectively as men. This relative gender equality, however, did not necessarily translate into all
aspects of daily life, where traditional roles were often maintained.

3. CHINA - In ancient China, Confucian philosophy greatly influenced gender roles, emphasizing a patriarchal
society where filial piety and hierarchical order were paramount. Men were seen as the carriers of family lineage
and were dominant in social, political, and familial roles. Women were expected to adhere to the "Three
Obediences": to their father before marriage, their husband after marriage, and their son in widowhood. Despite
these constraints, there were periods and dynasties where women exercised significant influence, such as Empress
Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty, who was the only woman to declare herself emperor in Chinese history.
Additionally, in literature and philosophy, women's roles and their contributions were sometimes idealized,
though often these ideals still reinforced traditional gender norms.

‫س‬ ْ ‫ع ال م ن‬
ُ ‫ إَف َ َ ”ر‬: Fa Inna ma'al 'usri yusra : Verily, with hardship comes ease - Surah Ash-Sharh (The Relief)
ْ ُ‫ي ْس ًرا ع‬
[94:6], Qur'an.”

CICS JEVA K. SALIMIN, LPT, MPM BS INFO TECH Instructor I