Chapter 2

Literature Review

Description of The Problem

In many countries, especially the Philippines, school uniforms are a

common feature in public and private schools, and their impact on

every student’s behavior, academic performance, and cultural aspects

have been a subject of interest for our group, Experts, educators, and

guardians all agree on the paramount importance of effective student

behavior management in their daily lives. Also, administrators and

parents acknowledge and recognize the pivotal role that student

discipline plays in an individual's daily life. the advantages of a school

uniform is widely recognized, with many arguing that they instill

self-discipline and confidence in learners, However, some argue that

the implementation of school uniforms might only further burden

students. They suggest simple hygiene practices and a nice outfit

would suffice to instill confidence in students.

According to Perkins (2006), a school’s climate can be characterized

by the learning environment through the interaction of human

relationships, physical settings, and psychological atmosphere. thus

suggesting that the decision to implement school uniforms should be

based on a thorough analysis of the unique needs of each school

community, rather than being solely dictated by the personal

preferences of individuals. Also, a study by Brunsma and

Rockquemore (1998) found that school uniforms help mitigate social

tension and harassment, promoting a sense of solidarity and fairness

among students. Additionally, uniforms have the potential to reduce

economic disparities among students by masking differences in

clothing and accessories.

A study by Brunsma and Rockquemore (1998) found that school

uniforms help mitigate social tension and harassment, promoting a

sense of solidarity and fairness among students. Additionally, uniforms

have the potential to reduce economic disparities among students by

masking differences in clothing and accessories.

On the other hand, some argue that the implementation of school

uniforms might only further burden students. They suggest that simple

hygiene practices, combined with a basic white shirt, would suffice to

instill self-confidence in learners, According to a study by Bodine and

Powers (2005), the cost of school uniforms can put a financial burden

on low-income families. Moreover, enforcing uniform policies can be

challenging and may lead to disciplinary action against students who

do not comply.

While it might seem that society's perspective and thoughts on this

the topic is divided, and studies have produced mixed results. A

study by ProCon.org (2021) found that school uniforms can have

some positive effects on student achievement, attendance, and

behavior. However, the study also found that the effects of school

uniforms vary depending on the school's location, socioeconomic

status, and culture.