Analog Electronics

Lecture -28
28-03-2024

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

 Voltage Regulators
1. Introduction

2. Performance measures of voltage regulators

3. Voltage Regulator circuits

(i) Zener Diode Regulator

(ii) Emitter Follower Regulator

(iii) Feedback Voltage Regulator

(iv) Feedback Voltage Regulator using Op-amp

4. Short Circuit Protection

5. Foldback Current Limiting

6. Thermal Shutdown
 (ii) Emitter Follower Regulator

Vo = Vz - VBE

Vo  → VBE  → I B  → I C  → VCE  → VO 

Sv =
rz
and R o =
rz || ( Rs + R) + rx + r 
rz + R + Rs 1+ 
where rx – base spreading resistance and r small signal resistance
between base and emitter terminals of the transistor
(iii) Feedback Voltage Regulator
(iii) Feedback Voltage Regulator
 R + R1 
VO = VZ  2 
 R2 
R2
and VB = VO = nVO
R1 + R 2
nVO
ib 2 =
R B + r x 2 + r 2 + (1 +  2 )rz

and i c2 =  2 i b2

RB +r x 2 +r 2 + (1 +  2 )rz
Therefore R eq =
n 2

ib2 and ic2 denote the incremental

changes in base and collector
currents
Req
VO Sv =
ic 2 = R3 + Req
Req ( R3 || Req ) + rx1 + r 1
and RO =
1 + 1
(iv) Feedback voltage regulator using op-amp
(iv) Feedback voltage regulator using op-amp contd..
(iv) Feedback voltage regulator using op-amp contd..

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

4. Short Circuit Protection

2VD − VBE
I RSC =
RSC

Vi − 2VD
I SC = + I RSC
R3

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

5. Foldback Current Limiting

0.6 V
I L (max) =
R SC

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

6. Thermal Shutdown

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus