PR1 Final

BULIHAN INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL T
Bulihan, Silang, Cavite
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Time management, according to Ben Lutkevich (February 16, 2023), is
the organization of tasks and activities to enhance an individual’s
effectiveness. In essence, the goal of time management is to help individuals.
It is the ability to use one’s time productively and efficiently. It is about
planning, prioritizing, and controlling the amount of time you will spend on
specific tasks. Many students struggle with managing their time to finish all of
their schoolwork. It appears that students who perceive themselves as having
good time management are usually the ones who have a high desire to
achieve, resulting in a higher level of performance.
One of the important indicators of a student’s academic success is time
management. The essence of time management on academic performance of
the grade 11 students in Bulihan Integrated National High School will serve as
the focus of this study. Students in Grade 11 experience a critical year as they
prepare to enter college, which determines their eligibility for higher education.
As a result, it most is essential to investigate the factors that influence grade
11 students’ time management in order to improve their chances of success.
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The ability to manage one’s time allows one to properly organize
responsibilities, no matter how simple or challenging they may be. Students
who perceive themselves in having good time management are usually the
students who have a high desire to achieve, resulting in a higher level of
performance. Hence, time management aids in lowering stress, pressure,
destruction, procrastination, and confusion regarding what needs to be done
first. It also helps to be more confident, to have more time on your hands, to
be more focused, to be more productive, and to make things simpler and
easier.
Time management plays a vital role and has a significant impact on a
student’s life and academic success. Nevertheless, there are several factors
affecting the management of time among students such as procrastination,
mental health problems, household chores, lack of prioritization and
organizational skills, intensive use of gadgets, and spending too much time
and attention on social media. Lack of time management skills acts as a
barrier to a better academic performance. Therefore, it is important for
students to develop effective time management strategies and seek help as
they struggle with managing their time.
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1.2 Objectives of the Study
This research aims to familiarize Senior High School students with the
concept of time management. The study will investigate the current time
management practices of Senior High School students and identify areas for
improvement. Furthermore, the study can also teach students the value of
time management and assist them in setting their goals and priorities, as well
as lessen the difficulties that senior high school students are facing when
completing tasks such as projects, activities, and other academic
assignments. In addition, this will determine the level of time management
attitude and skill level of senior high school students at Bulihan Integrated
National High School. The study will provide practical strategies and
techniques to help students effectively manage their time and prioritize tasks
in achieving academic success, as well as evaluate the effectiveness of these
strategies in improving students’ academic performance. Specifically, this
qualitative research will seek answers to the following questions:
1. What are the goals and priorities of the Grade 11 STEM students?
2. What are the factors affecting the students’ Time Management?
3. How does Time Management affect the Academic Performances of the
Grade 11 Students?
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4. Based on the results of the study, what programs can be developed to
improve the students’ time management skills?
1.3 Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

I. Profile of the The assessed impacts
Students The assessment of
BINHS’ Grade 11 and the factors
• Age students’ time affecting their
• Gender management affecting application of time
• Section their academic management and their
• Class Ranking performances through: academic performance
with or without applying
II. Information
• Preparation of proper time
Gathering
Survey Questionnaires management.
• The students' goals
and priorities • Information
• Factors affecting analysis
the students' time
management
• Effects of proper
Time Management to
the students
Figure I
Conceptual Paradigm of the Study
Figure 1 shows the conceptual model of the study of time management
to Grade 11 students in BINHS.
The first frame presents the input of the study, which includes the
profile of the respondents such as their age, gender, class ranking, goals and
priorities, and the factors affecting their time management practices. It will
serve as a basis for the succeeding frames that will delve into the analysis and
interpretation of the information gathered from the survey conducted among
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respondents. The input aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the
study’s scope and methodology.
The second frame presents the process of the study, which involves the
assessment of the BINHS’ Grade 11 students’ time management and how it
affects their academic performances by gathering information through surveys
questionnaires and analyze the information gathered in a qualitative method.
This input will give researchers a clear understanding of the steps taken to
ensure the validity and reliability of the data gathered, as well as the ethical
considerations that were observed throughout the study.
The last frame presents the output of the study, which shows the
assessed impacts and factors affecting their application of time management
on their academic performance and provides recommendations for the
improvement of time management skills among Grade 11 students in BINHS.
The output also includes a discussion of the implications of the study’s
findings for educators, parents, and students themselves. Additionally, it will
highlight the potential areas for future research that can build on the findings
of this study.
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1.4 Significance of the Study
Time is a resource that affects all aspects of human endeavor. This
research aims to help the students understand the importance of time
management affecting their academic performances. The outcomes of this
research can be valuable, significant and greatly benefit the following:
Students. The proposed study will help the students to learn effective
time management strategies that can help them manage their time efficiently
and encourage them to develop better study and work habits, leading to
improved academic outcomes.
Teachers. The results of this study can benefit teachers by providing
them with a better understanding of how time management affects their
students’ academic performance. Teachers can use the information to help
students develop better time management skills and to provide targeted
support and guidance to those who may be struggling.
Parents. This study will serve as their guide to monitor their child’s time
management habits and how it affects their academic performance. The study
will help the parents identify potential areas where their children may be
struggling with time management.
Future Researchers. This study will be useful to future researchers.
Future researchers will benefit and be helped by the proposed study, where
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this will be their reference and guide to further develop their studies in the
future.
1.5 Scope and Delimitations
This study focuses on the attitudes, perceptions, and experiences
related to time management of Grade 11 STEM students at Bulihan Integrated
National High School with the general intent of determining its essence and
impact on their academic performances. The researchers will gather
information through the use of survey questionnaires. These will be distributed
to the fifteen (15) respondents who will be selected by the researchers from
the three sections of STEM, namely, (STEM 1, STEM 2, and STEM 3). The
study aims to mainly identify the influence of time management on academic
endeavors as well as assess the different factors that affect their proper
management of time. The study will only focus on time management and its
relation to the academic performance of the selected students.
1.6 Definition of Terms
To further understand the study, the following terms are defined in the
context in order to assure that all readers are able to conclude this research:
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Academic Performance - This refers to an individual’s success or
achievement in academic endeavors, such as their grades, test scores, and
overall academic progress.
Distraction - Any factor that interferes with the ability to concentrate and
focus on a specific task or activity, such as technology, social media, noise, or
environmental factors.
Prioritization - The act of identifying and ranking tasks or activities in
order of importance, urgency, or deadline to ensure that time and resources
are allocated effectively and efficiently towards achieving one’s goals.
Priorities - It refers to something that must be done first or handled first,
considering that it is more vital than other things.
Procrastination - It is the act of delaying or postponing a task or activity,
often to the point of not completing it on time or at all.
STEM - Stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
which is a program of study designed to prepare both primary and secondary
students for college, graduate school, and careers in these fields.
Stress - It is a physiological and psychological response to a perceived
threat or challenge, often resulting in feelings of tension, anxiety, and pressure
that negatively affect the overall well-being.
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Time Management - It is the process of organizing, planning and
arranging how much time to allocate to different activities or tasks in order to
make the most efficient use of one’s time.
By defining these terms, readers will have a clearer understanding of
the research and its implications.
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the existing
literatures and researches related to the topic being investigated. This section
of the study aims to demonstrate the researcher’s understanding of the
research problem and its significance, as well as to provide a framework for
the study. Through this process, the researcher can easily identify the
strengths and weaknesses of the previous research and identify gaps in the
literature that the current study aims to address. This also aims to explore the
existing literatures related to time management and students’ academic
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performances, analyze its key themes, findings, and limitations, and identifying
opportunities for further research.
2.1 Time Management
The ability to effectively plan and manage time is necessary to allocate
the proper amount of time to the proper tasks in order to achieve specific
goals (Prachi, 2018; Shutterstock, 2019). Having said that, time management
is the process of organizing and consciously controlling the amount of time to
be spent on particular academic tasks in order to improve performance and
achievement. The definitions also show that time management is the capacity
to do more significant and beneficial tasks at an appropriate time. Time
management is seen as a critical prerequisite for productive and efficient
learning in higher education. A framework for self-regulation of approach,
effort, persistence, and time management is provided by students who can set
realistic work goals for themselves and master time management techniques.
Time is a limited resource like other limited resources, time may be managed
more or less effectively according to Razali et al., (2018). In addition to that,
Lualhati (2019) pointed out that developing time management skills such as
goal setting, scheduling, handling paperwork, and prioritizing is difficult.
However, he also argued that in order to finish a work, a person needs to
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know what to prioritize. The most important tasks must be completed first, and
the challenging tasks must be planned so that the student can finish the task
with a better output.
Knowing the tasks that must be completed in the time frame set is a
necessary component of creating a successful timetable according to
Chapman, Rupured, Price, Carney, & Clews (2020). There are time
management strategies that can be applied to perform and apply effective
management on one's time in everyday life such as prioritizing tasks, setting
goals, using time management tools, and creating schedules. It could be in
written form, which needs to be frequently checked and updated. This
procedure offers a snapshot of one’s workload at any given time, accurately
depicts the entire work schedule for an extended period of time, and provides
a sense of what lies beyond (Forsyth, 2019). By implementing these time
management strategies, students can improve time discipline and
management skills to stay focused and achieve greater success to their
personal and professional life.
2.2 Concept of Academic Performance
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School is a primary setting for academic and social experiences. The
significance of the amorphous concept of student’s academic performance are
immense, owing to the mere reason that better academic performances set
the prospect for a better future of any nation. Similarly, understanding the
integrity of the concept holds a great connotation. Students’ achievement in a
variety of academic subjects is measured by their academic performance.
Teachers and educators typically measure students’ achievement through
their standardized test scores, average grades, and classroom performance.
Strongman and Burt (2020) found that students with better grades took fewer
and shorter breaks, corroborating the notion that academic success and the
ability to focus for long periods of time are related. Despite the fact that
numerous studies have demonstrated that high levels of motivation can help
people stay focused and are likely to result in success.
In an article in the Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics
Education (TURCOMAT), the study “Defining and Measuring Academic
Performance of Hei Students,” conducted by Agarwal and his colleagues
(2021), stated that the perspective-oriented nature of “academic performance”
further creates hindrance in giving an exhaustive definition of the term.
Completing courses and gaining knowledge and skills may be the definition of
academic performance for some entities. Whereas, for some others, believe
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that having the abilities to secure a progressive career would be the version.
Further, (Agarwal, et. Al, 2021) mentioned that the significance of students’
academic performance is monumental since it is considered a pre-requisite for
securing good jobs, a better career, and subsequently a quality life. It may
appear to be a simple outcome of education; however, the impact of academic
performance on students is multifaceted. Academic performance
encompasses cognitive and non-cognitive skills, including the acquisition of
knowledge, skills, and attitudes that are necessary for success in school and
beyond (Tadese, 2021)
Academic Performance’s complexities begin with its conceptualization.
It is also referred to as school readiness, academic achievement, and school
performance, but the distinction is only explained by semantics because the
concepts are synonyms. Academic performance has been defined by different
various forms. (Bong, 2020) give the definition of academic performance as a
measure of how well students are able to meet the expectations of their
teachers and peers in terms of learning, understanding, and applying
academic content and skills. Academic performance on the other hand, is
defined by (Delfino, 2019) as the degree to which a student is meeting the
academic standards established by a school, college, or university. This
includes not only grades and test scores, but also attendance, participation,
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and engagement in class. According to a study conducted by (Macatangay
and Garcia 2018) the level of academic performance defined the academic
achievement of students in terms of their grades, attendance, and participation
in class activities. The study found that those students who had higher
academic achievement were the ones who performed better academically in
school and were more likely to have positive attitudes towards learning and
better study habits. (Esguerra, 2019) also conducted a study to explore and
investigate the factors that influenced academic performance among senior
high school students in San Pablo City. The results of the study revealed that
besides parental involvement, motivation, co-curricular activities, and the
regularity of teachers, that significantly contributed to students’ performance
inside the classroom. It was found that time management is a major factor that
has a huge influence on students’ academic performance.
2.3 Students’ Concerns/Problems in Time Management
Time is a process that continues uninterrupted beyond the control of
individuals, from the past to the future success of events to come today. Time
should not be wasted; it is an important resource that must be used wisely.
Properly managing time is very important, and it may actually affect an
individual’s overall performance and achievements. However, in today’s
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society, in the fast pace of life, individuals’ chance is steadily decreasing to
use the concerned valuable resource in an effective manner. Time
management is one of the major challenges that students face, and this has a
bearing on their academic performance and social life (Mukwevho, 2018).
Students nowadays always comment that they do not have enough time to
complete all the tasks assigned to them (Razali, 2018). In trying to read all the
books and chapters assigned, meet paper deadlines, and participate in
extracurricular activities, students may become overwhelmed with the feeling
that there is not enough time to complete all their work adequately. Thus, time
and timing issues have become critical factors in the life of a student.
It is a skill to manage time, and every learner must be familiar with and
command this skill for the sake of better results. A student can only survive if
he or she has the ability to utilize time properly (Ahmad, et. Al, 2019).
However, there are a lot of students who lack this skill. They do not know how
to manage their time or handle time efficiently. (Mukwevho, 2018) emphasize
that there was a serious lack of time management on the part of students.
Work overload and stress made it difficult to address tasks adequately, hence
their poor academic achievements. Thus, mostly learners face issues like
errand repulsion and vulnerability, so they begin to stall because they need
time management abilities (Ahmad, et al., 2019). One study published in 2018
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examined the concerns of students regarding time management. The
researchers found that the top concerns of students were procrastination,
distractions, and not having enough time to complete assignments (Yuan &
Kim, 2018). Time control is very fundamental to any student, and it is one of
the keys to competing in the field and getting achievements. (Baothman, et al.,
2018) emphasize that without the development of effective habits, such as
motivation, metacognition, self-regulation, and time planning, students are
likely to perform poorly and find it difficult to improve future performance.
2.4 Factors affecting the Time Management
Time management has been described in a variety of ways for research
purposes. Despite the fact that these strategies center on the completion of
tasks or activities within a certain amount of time, achieving quality results
through methods like planning, organizing, or prioritizing (Segrado et. al
(2020). However, Herrero, Perello, and Ribes (2019) explained that time
management is a process by which clear goals or objectives are established,
choosing the tools that support time management, taking into account the time
available, and ensuring the use of time; that is, the perception of control that
the person has over the use of time. Conversely, Sagredo, Bizama, and
Careaga (2020) claim that the levels of stress connected to academic activities
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if time management were employed as a strategy under these circumstances,
academic difficulties could be diminished by increasing academic production
and efficiency.
In this regard, Calderon and Gustmen (2019) stated that countries like
Spain, where the structuring of student time is a cultural norm. As the cultural
symbols of its population, Germany, China, and Japan are present in all facets
of their daily obligations. The academic stress factor was also estimated to
have partial mediating effects on the relationship between the social support
factor and university adjustment in the South Korean study by Park, Park, and
Kim (2018). Both the social support factor and the academic stress factor of
university students were found to have statistically significant effects on
university adjustment. Also, (Garcia, Hernández, Chávez, Och, Cocom, and
Garca 2019), it is important to remember that students will experience times of
anxiety related to academic stress. If they have not had good time
management for their activities, they will not be able to control these activities
effectively or identify those that are more important to achieving their goals,
which will result in a significant increase in academic stress. International
studies conducted in the past have found that procrastination has an inverse
link to time management: moderate levels of three factors, such as
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responsibility, cordiality, and extraversion (Calderon, Gustems, Calderon, and
Pujol, 2020).
2.5 Time Management in Academic Performance
Time management has a significant impact on students’ academic
performance and is one of the many complex factors that influence academic
achievement (Magulod, 2019). Effective time management is crucial especially
for academic success. Students who develop these skills are more likely to
achieve their goals and succeed in their academic pursuits. Hence, Adams &
Blair (2019) came to the conclusion that the component that substantially
connected with students’ cumulative grade point average was their perception
of their control over time. The ability to manage one’s time is essential for
academic success. A person can become more organized, experience less
stress, be more productive, learn better, and acquire crucial life skills.
Nonetheless, according to the study conducted by Khan, Ashraf, and Nadeem
(2020) on the effects of students’ time management on students’ academic
achievement in higher education institutions, the relationship between time
planning and academic performance is positive, but other study-related
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activities have a negative impact on students’ academic performances. This
demonstrates that spending time on other activities will result in an
unsuccessful grade. The coordination of tasks and activities maximizes the
impact of an individual’s efforts, which is what time management is all about
(Rouse, 2019). He concluded that the purpose of time management is to
enable people to complete more effective work in a shorter amount of time.
This suggests that students need to adequately organize and manage
their time if they want to be dedicated to their studies and raise their academic
performance. Therefore, students must learn how to manage their time
productively so that they will be able to pass their tasks without meeting or
exceeding on the deadlines given. On the other hand, good planning
guarantees students a successfully complete task. Students’ academic
performance can be significantly improved by a task and time allocation that is
effective. Time management is essential for academic success as it helps the
students to stay organized, reduce stress, and maximize their learning
potential. When students manage their time properly, they have more time to
engage in active learning.
2.6 Synthesis of Review of Related Literatures
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In order to satisfy an established linguistic competency and the effects
and impacts of time management on the study habits and academic
performance of grade 11 STEM students. There are several positive and
negative impacts of time management on students’ academic and social
performance. There are several ideas and findings in relation to the effects
and impacts of time management, as well as plans to lessen the negative
outcomes.
Furthermore, time management must be implemented and practiced
consistently to achieve its benefits. Since students have multiple
responsibilities, such as studying, attending classes, and participating in
extracurricular activities, effective time management can help them balance
their workload and reduce stress. This research will help students find out how
to effectively manage their time in order to lessen and perhaps prevent its
negative impacts and attain its positive effects.
Based on the gathered information, the researchers suggest a theory
that will concentrate on “effective ways of improving the academic
performance of the students with the use of proper time management”.
Researchers have evaluated how time management severely affects students’
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academic performance. It shows how its negative outcomes can be minimized
by implementing effective time management strategies such as prioritizing
tasks, setting realistic goals, and avoiding procrastination.” Additionally, the
study suggests that seeking support from academic advisors or counselors
can also help students improve their time management skills. In this asset,
when students learn how to handle their time properly when doing their tasks,
they can perform at their best in terms of academics. Other than that, students
can balance and improve their social lives and academic capabilities by
knowing their priorities and lessening procrastination. These formulated
aspects helped the researchers establish a significant research statement that
concentrated on the effective ways and outcomes of having proper and
improper time management on students, and their academic performance,
which was successfully resolved by affiliated institutions and universities
through the implementation of time management workshops and seminars
that encourage students to manage their time wisely and effectively.
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
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This chapter provides a brief presentation and discussion of the research
design, research setting, sampling technique, research procedures, treatment
analysis of the data, and ethical consideration of the researchers.
3.1 Research Design
This study employs a Phenomenological Approach Design for its
qualitative analysis. The researchers relied on the empirical phenomenological
perspective of Neubauer (2019). According to him, phenomenology is an
approach to research that seeks to describe the essence of a phenomenon by
exploring it from the perspective of those who have experienced it. The goal of
phenomenology is to describe the meaning of this experience, both in terms of
what was experienced and how it was experienced. As also defined by Vagle
(2018), phenomenology seeks meaning from appearances and arrives at
essences through intuition and reflection on conscious acts of experience,
leading to ideas, concepts, judgments, and understandings.
Since the focus of the study will be investigating the student’s time
management, the researchers will examine and describe the student’s
perspectives and experiences regarding the application of time management,
as well as the factors affecting the arrangement of their working time. The
researcher will sift through the data and analyze each piece of information to
identify significant statements, categorize them, and extract meaning and
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relations. Subsequently, analysis will include an attempt to identify themes and
make broad generalizations about how the students perceive or experience
this quandary. This will enable the researchers to comprehend the nature and
meaning of students’ experiences and perceived challenges in time
optimization. This research method correlates well with the intent of the study,
which is to figure out how time management influences the lives of students
towards achieving academic endeavors. Further, this approach will allow the
narration of participants’ experiences independent of researchers’
presumptions, enabling objectivity in the interpretation and improving the
validity of the themes that will be identified.
3.2 Research Setting
The National Housing Authority provided a housing project for the
relocation of families from Metro Manila to settle in Bulihan, Silang, and Cavite
in 1982. Due to the population’s rapid growth, this occurrence resulted in a
need for fundamental services, particularly in education. Considering the
community’s need for a secondary school in this region, the Batasang
Pambansa passed a bill creating Bulihan Sites and Services Project High
School in 1984. As a branch campus of Dasmariñas Relocation Center High
School, the institution opened its doors in 1984 as an annex school and
eventually changed its name to Bulihan National High School in 2007.
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It became an integrated school as the K-12 program was implemented
in 2016. Hence, its current name is Bulihan Integrated National High School.
This increased access to educational resources and opportunities for junior
and senior high school students. Being the only secondary school in the area
and surrounded by multiple barangays in Silang, 126 students in grade 11
were enrolled as STEM students for the school year 2022–2023. Additionally,
the school provided classrooms that serves as office for the administration, a
supply office, libraries, guidance offices, and faculties per subjects for
teachers. Principal IV, Dr. Cristina M. Austria, who’s currently supervising
Bulihan Integrated National High School, received compliments and praises
from different schools as the Division of Cavite also recognized Bulihan
Integrated National High School as one of the most highly performing schools
in the province.
3.3 Sampling Technique
In this research, Convenience Sampling will be used as sampling
technique upon choosing the participants. According to Akman, 2023,
convenience sampling is a technique that enables researchers, without the
need to study every person in a population, to conclude the population’s data
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from a subset of that population. Convenience sampling is a non-probability
sampling technique that relies on data collection from the population that is
conveniently available to participate in the study or the drawing of a sample
from the easiest possible source or the easiest individuals to reach (Gardner,
K. 2021).
This sampling technique enables the researchers to subjectively
choose their participants who are open to being approached and participating
in the study rather than requiring them to be randomly selected based on
predetermined criteria. This allows the researchers to analyze the responses
of a subset of individuals chosen from a larger group or population to estimate
how the population will respond.
By employing Convenience Sampling as this research’s sampling
technique, the researchers can provide an easier analysis of how grade 11
STEM students at Bulihan Integrated National High School manage their time
in connection to their academic success.
3.4 Research Procedure
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3.4.1 Survey Instruments
The researchers will use survey questionnaires as survey
instruments.The questionnaire will consist of orderly-arranged questions to be
answered by participants to collect factual data and information needed for
the study conducted. The questionnaire will contain questions that aims to
assess the respondents’ perceptions and experiences regarding the time
management and each respondents will receive the same questionnaire to
answer.
Before the administration of survey questionnaires, it will be presented
and reviewed by the adviser to examine and ensure the relevance and
appropriateness of the questions prepared by researchers. It will also be
submitted to a panel of specialists for item validation. The expert opinions will
be taken into consideration, and included into the finalization of the research
instrument.
3.4.2 Administration of Survey
Prior to data collection, the researchers are required to obtain the
necessary approvals from their teacher and the senior high school coordinator
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of Bulihan Integrated National High School in order to conduct the study. In
addition, a consent letter will be sent to the parents, and an assent letter will
be provided to the participants before they take part in the study. The
researchers will utilize a survey questionnaire as the primary data-gathering
tool for this study, and it will be administered during the participants’ free time
to avoid distractions and conflicts with their schedules, particularly during class
hours. Afterwards, the confidentiality of all data collected during the study will
be maintained in accordance with the strict adherence to the Data Privacy Act
of 2012. The data will be analyzed through transcription, coding, and
formulation of significant themes, and the results will be presented through
thematic analysis.
3.4.3 Ethical Considerations
In this research, the researchers will be cautious and avoid plagiarism
or copying the work of others. In compliance with Intellectual Property Rights
laws, recognition and accreditation of the sources of any information and ideas
included in the research will be observed. The study will provide credibility to
the gathered data and ensure fairness and accuracy in the selection of
respondents. It will be ensured that the participants in this research are not
coerced and that the overall purpose of the research and the significance of
their participation are clearly understood. The protection of respondents will
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also be upheld, as their personal information shared in the research will
remain confidential. The researchers will remain honest in presenting the
results of the analysis conducted, and the outcome of the study will be based
on the gathered data from the respondents without any influence from the
researchers’ opinions.
3.5 Treatment and Data Analysis
This study aims to delve into the participants' perceptions and
experiences on utilization of time management in relation to their academic
performance. Thus, in gathering data for this qualitative research, the
researchers will use survey questionnaires as the chosen research instrument.
Once the data is collected, it will be analyzed through the following
procedures. The responses obtained from the survey questionnaires will be
transcribed into a format that can be easily managed and analyzed. This
procedure involves converting handwritten or scanned responses into digital
text. Then, all the obtained information will be stored in a collaborative Google
Drive, accessible only by the researchers to guarantee respondents’ safety
and confidentiality.
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In addition to that, the researchers will perform data coding, which
involves systematically assigning labels or codes to the segments of data
according to their content. The researchers will use open coding to create
codes based on the qualitative data itself. The survey responses will serve as
the basis for all codes. The data will go through careful and in-depth
analyzation to derive insights and develop a broader understanding of the
research topic. Furthermore, thematic analysis will also be used in this study
to gain a deeper understanding of the participants' experiences and
perceptions, as this involves examining the relationships, identifying the
concepts and patterns in meaning across the data to derive themes, and
exploring any variations or contradictions within the data. Based on the data
analysis, the researchers will interpret the findings in the context of the
research objectives and draw meaningful conclusions.
However, the conclusion from the data gathered will not be generalized
as the researchers used a convenience sampling technique in choosing the
respondents. The responses will serve only as a sample and not represent the
entire population of the grade 11 STEM students of Bulihan Integrated
National High School.
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REFERENCES
Adams, R. V., & Blair, E. (2019). Impact of Time Management Behaviors on
Undergraduate Engineering Students’ Performance. SAGE Open, 9, 1-
11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018824506
Agarwal, S. K. D. M. a. D. N. (2021, April 5). Defining And Measuring
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APPENDICES
INFORMED CONSENT
Date:
STUDENTS’ CONSENT FORM
We, students from STEM 11 - 3, are conducting a study entitled “Time

is Gold: Exploring the essence of Time Management on the academic
performance of the Grade 11 STEM students in Bulihan Integrated
National High School”. This research aims to familiarize Senior High School
students with the concept of time management. The study will investigate the
current time management practices of Senior High School students,
particularly STEM students under the academic track, and identify areas that
may help for improvement.
Your response to this study will be confidential except in cases where

the researcher is legally obligated to report specific incidents. Your identity will
remain anonymous.
If you have questions at any time about this study, you may contact the
researcher(s), whose contact information, is (are) provided above.
Your participation in this study is voluntary. It is up to you to decide
whether or not to take part in this research. If you decide to take part in this
study, you will be asked to sign this consent form. Even after you have signed
the consent form, you are still free to withdraw at any time, and without giving
any reason. If you withdraw from the study before data collection is completed,
whatever data that have been collected will be destroyed.
Republic Act 10173, also known as the Data Privacy Act of 2012, “does
not apply to personal information processed for… research purposes…
36
provided, that the personal information shall be held under strict confidentiality
and shall be used only for the declared purpose.”
____________________________________________________________________
CONSENT
I have read and understood the provided information and have had the
opportunity to ask questions. I understand that my participation is voluntary,
and I am free to withdraw at any time, without giving a reason and without
cost. I understand that I will be given a copy of this consent form. I voluntarily
agree to take part in this study.
_______________________________
Respondent’s Name, Signature and Date
Date:
PARENT’S CONSENT FORM
37
I am Mr./Mrs. ___________________________ (Parent/Guardian’s
name). I voluntarily authorize my child
________________________________ (participant’s name) to participate in
the study conducted by the students of STEM 11 – 3, entitled “Time is Gold:
Exploring the essence of Time Management on the Academic Performance of
Grade 11 STEM students in Bulihan Integrated National High School”.
I understand that the information obtained from them will remain
confidential and that no information that can be used to determine their identity
will be included in the researchers’ reports, or in any organization in
accordance with the provisions of the Data Privacy Act of 2012. I willingly give
my consent as it is clear to me that their participation is voluntary, and they
also have the right to refuse this participation.
_______________________________
Parents' Name, Signature and Date
Date:
PERMISSION LETTER
Dear Ma’am / Sir,
38
We, students from STEM 11 - 3, are conducting a study entitled “Time
is Gold: Exploring the essence of Time Management on the academic
performance of the Grade 11 STEM students in Bulihan Integrated National
High School”. This research aims to familiarize Senior High School students
with the concept of time management.
We are writing to inform you that we would like to interview selected
students from your advisory class. We would appreciate the opportunity to talk
with you about our research and to request permission. We confirm our
sincere intention to conduct this research for educational purposes only. We
guarantee your student's privacy and anonymity. Please let us know if there is
any other information we can provide.
Respectfully Yours,
Ortiyas, Peejay Paul C.
Quiban, Daniela Mae D.
Rosana, Yessa Fate R.
Suniega, Mizette B.
Tuibeo, Chrystal Geen C.

Researchers
TIME IS GOLD: EXPLORING THE ESSENCE OF TIME MANAGEMENT ON

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 11 STEM STUDENTS IN
BULIHAN INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
39
QUESTIONNAIRE
Based on your opinions and experiences, shade the circles that best
corresponds to your answers on the given statements.
Strongly Disagree Agree Strongly

disagree agree
1. I find it difficult to manage my time due to

d d d
commitments or responsibilities outside of school,
such as work or family obligations.
2. Proper time management positively affects my
academic performance as a grade 11 STEM
student.
3. Using a planner or task management applications
helps me to organize my task and manage my time
effectively.
Rarely Sometimes Almost
Often
always
4. Excessive use of social media and playing online
How often do you find yourself feeling overwhelmed
games are some of the factors that leads me to
or stressed due to academic workload and
procrastinate and put off my responsibilities as a
deadlines?
How frequently do you procrastinate when it comes
student.
to completing your academic tasks?
40
Which areas of time management do you struggle with the most? (Select all
that apply)
a. Setting priorities
b. Avoiding procrastination
c. Planning and scheduling
d. Delegating tasks
e. Meeting deadlines
f. Balancing multiple responsibilities
g. Other (please specify): _________________________________
In your opinion, which specific aspects of time management have the greatest
impact on your academic performance? (Select all that apply)
a. Setting goals and objectives
b. Planning and scheduling
c. Prioritizing tasks
d. Managing distractions
e. Allocating time for different subjects/assignments
f. Meeting deadlines
g. Other (please specify): __________________________________
Section: STEM 11 - 3
Group No: Group 5
Researchers: Ortiyas, Peejay Paul C.
41
Quiban, Daniela Mae D.
Rosana, Yessa Fate R.
Suniega, Mizette B.
Tuibeo, Chrystal Geen C.
42

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BULIHAN INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL T

Bulihan, Silang, Cavite

1.1 Background of the Study

Time management, according to Ben Lutkevich (February 16, 2023), is

the organization of tasks and activities to enhance an individual’s

effectiveness. In essence, the goal of time management is to help individuals.

It is the ability to use one’s time productively and efficiently. It is about

their schoolwork. It appears that students who perceive themselves as having

achieve, resulting in a higher level of performance.

One of the important indicators of a student’s academic success is time

management. The essence of time management on academic performance of

As a result, it most is essential to investigate the factors that influence grade

11 students’ time management in order to improve their chances of success.

The ability to manage one’s time allows one to properly organize

responsibilities, no matter how simple or challenging they may be. Students

students who have a high desire to achieve, resulting in a higher level of

performance. Hence, time management aids in lowering stress, pressure,

destruction, procrastination, and confusion regarding what needs to be done

be more focused, to be more productive, and to make things simpler and

Time management plays a vital role and has a significant impact on a

affecting the management of time among students such as procrastination,

mental health problems, household chores, lack of prioritization and

and attention on social media. Lack of time management skills acts as a

barrier to a better academic performance. Therefore, it is important for

students to develop effective time management strategies and seek help as

they struggle with managing their time.

1.2 Objectives of the Study

completing tasks such as projects, activities, and other academic

assignments. In addition, this will determine the level of time management

in achieving academic success, as well as evaluate the effectiveness of these

strategies in improving students’ academic performance. Specifically, this

qualitative research will seek answers to the following questions:

2. What are the factors affecting the students’ Time Management?

3. How does Time Management affect the Academic Performances of the

4. Based on the results of the study, what programs can be developed to

improve the students’ time management skills?

1.3 Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

interpretation of the information gathered from the survey conducted among

respondents. The input aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the

study’s scope and methodology.

assessment of the BINHS’ Grade 11 students’ time management and how it

affects their academic performances by gathering information through surveys

questionnaires and analyze the information gathered in a qualitative method.

considerations that were observed throughout the study.

assessed impacts and factors affecting their application of time management

on their academic performance and provides recommendations for the

improvement of time management skills among Grade 11 students in BINHS.

The output also includes a discussion of the implications of the study’s

findings for educators, parents, and students themselves. Additionally, it will

1.4 Significance of the Study

Time is a resource that affects all aspects of human endeavor. This

research aims to help the students understand the importance of time

management affecting their academic performances. The outcomes of this

research can be valuable, significant and greatly benefit the following:

improved academic outcomes.

Teachers. The results of this study can benefit teachers by providing

them with a better understanding of how time management affects their

students’ academic performance. Teachers can use the information to help

students develop better time management skills and to provide targeted

support and guidance to those who may be struggling.

struggling with time management.

Future Researchers. This study will be useful to future researchers.