MCQ AUTOIMMUNITY

1. What is immune tolerance?

a) The ability of the immune system to attack healthy cells
b) The immune system's inability to recognize self-antigens
c) The immune system's natural ability to not attack healthy cells
d) The immune system's response to pathogenic antigens
ANSWER : C

2. Why do white blood cells not attack healthy cells in the body?
a) Because healthy cells lack antigens
b) Because healthy cells display self-antigens recognized by white blood cells
c) Because healthy cells produce toxins that repel white blood cells
d) Because healthy cells are physically separated from white blood cells
Answer: b

3. What characterizes the encounter between white blood cells and healthy cells in terms
of immune tolerance?
a) White blood cells attack healthy cells aggressively
b) White blood cells ignore healthy cells completely
c) White blood cells recognize self-antigens on healthy cells and spare them from
attack
d) White blood cells engulf healthy cells for nutrient absorption
Answer: c

4. What happens when the immune system exhibits autoimmunity?

a) It becomes more efficient at fighting infections
b) It targets and attacks only pathogens
c) It attacks both pathogens and healthy cells
d) It suppresses the production of antibodies
Answer: c

5. Which of the following is NOT an example of an autoimmune disease?

a) Rheumatoid arthritis
b) Type 2 diabetes
c) Lupus
d) Multiple sclerosis
Answer: b
 6. What is autoimmunity?
a) The immune system's ability to differentiate between self and non-self antigens
b) The immune system's attack on pathogens and infected cells
c) The immune system's loss of ability to differentiate between self and pathogenic
antigens
d) The immune system's ability to eliminate toxins from the body
Answer: c

7. Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of autoimmunity?

a) Genetic mutation
b) Exposure to certain pathogens
c) Damage to the brain
d) Adequate functioning of the immune system
Answer: d

8. What role do germline DNA variations play in the development of autoimmune

diseases?
a) They have no impact on autoimmune diseases
b) They enhance the immune system's ability to recognize self-antigens
c) They contribute to impaired self-non-self discrimination
d) They reduce susceptibility to autoimmune disorders
Answer: c

9. What are some examples of environmental factors that can contribute to the
development of autoimmunity?
a) Genetic mutations
b) Germline DNA variations
c) Infection or chemical exposure
d) Defects in antigen recognition
Answer: c

10.How do autoimmune responses, such as inflammation and organ damage in systemic

lupus erythematosus (SLE), primarily initiate?
a) Direct attack by T cells on healthy tissues
b) Activation of autoreactive B cells by self-antigens
c) Production of autoantibodies by antigen-presenting cells
d) Recognition of foreign antigens by the immune system
answer: b

11.In multiple sclerosis, which cell type plays a significant role in the destruction of myelin
sheaths surrounding nerve fibers in the central nervous system?
 a) B cells
b) Macrophages
c) T cells, particularly CD4+
d) Natural killer cells
answer: c

12.How do T cells become activated in response to self-antigens?

a) They directly attack healthy cells.
b) They release antibodies.
c) They produce cytokines and recruit other immune cells to the site of
inflammation.
d) They induce apoptosis in infected cells.
answer: c

13.Which of the following statements about autoimmune diseases is true?

a) Autoimmune diseases primarily target foreign organisms.
b) Autoimmune diseases only affect specific organs.
c) Autoimmune diseases do not affect systemic health.
d) Autoimmune diseases involve the immune system attacking the body's healthy
tissues.
answer: d

14.Which chronic autoimmune condition is associated with inflammation in the digestive

tract, resulting in symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and rectal
bleeding?
a) Rheumatoid arthritis
b) Lupus
c) Crohn's disease
d) Type 1 diabetes

Correct answer: c)

15.What is one of the potential risks associated with Crohn's disease?

a) Heart disease
b) Liver failure
c) Increased risk of colon cancer
d) Respiratory infections

Correct answer: c)

16.Which of the following statements about Crohn's disease is true?

a) It can be cured with medication.
 b) It only affects the small intestine.
c) Treatments are available to manage symptoms, but there is currently no cure.
d) It primarily causes joint pain and stiffness.

Correct answer: c)

17.What are some oral manifestations associated with Crohn's disease?

a) Swollen gums and bad breath
b) Tooth decay and cavities
c) Dry mouth and cracked lips
d) Sore throat and difficulty swallowing

Correct answer: b)

18.What is the primary characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

a) Bacterial infection
b) Widespread inflammation and tissue damage
c) Viral replication
d) Neurological dysfunction

Correct answer: b)

19.Which parts of the body can be affected by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
a) Liver and spleen
b) Stomach and intestines
c) Joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidneys, and blood vessels
d) Eyes and ears

Correct answer: c)

20.Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) primarily targets which system of the body?
a) Digestive system
b) Endocrine system
c) Immune system
d) Muscular system

Correct answer: c)

21.What is the nature of the inflammation caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
a) Localized
b) Mild
c) Widespread
d) Absent

Correct answer: c) Widespread

22.How is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) different from localized lupus?

a) It affects only one organ.
b) It does not involve inflammation.
c) It causes widespread inflammation and tissue damage.
d) It primarily targets the skin.

Correct answer: c)

23.What are the common symptoms of Sjögren’s Syndrome?

a) Fatigue and rashes
b) Dry eyes, dry mouth, and dry skin
c) muscle and joint pain
d) vaginal dryness
answer : b

24.Which glands are primarily affected by Sjögren’s Syndrome?

a) Sweat glands
b) Oil glands
c) Lacrimal and salivary glands
d) Adrenal glands

answer : c

25.What is the primary characteristic of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

a) Loss of muscle mass
b) Decreased bone density
c) Painful swelling and inflammation in the joints
d) Numbness and tingling in the extremities

Correct answer: c

26.Which parts of the body are commonly affected by Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?
a) Liver and kidneys
b) Lungs
c) Joints in the hands, wrists, and knees
d) Skin

Correct answer: c)
27.What are some symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?
a) Headaches and dizziness
b) Joint pain, swelling, stiffness, tenderness, and fatigue
c) Fever and chills
d) Vision changes and hearing loss

Correct answer: b) Joint pain, swelling, stiffness, tenderness, and fatigue

28.How is Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) managed?

a) specialist care
b) healthy diet
c) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
d) Physical therapy only

Correct answer: c)

29.How can early diagnosis and treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) benefit patients?
a) They can prevent the development of the condition.
b) They can reverse joint damage and deformity.
c) They can decrease pain and inflammation and slow down joint damage.
d) They have no impact on the progression of the disease.

Correct answer: c)

30.What is Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

a) A bacterial infection of the central nervous system
b) A chronic and potentially disabling disease of the central nervous system
c) A viral infection affecting the optic nerves
d) A type of arthritis affecting multiple joints simultaneously

Correct answer: b

31.What does the immune system mistakenly attack in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
a) Nerve fibers
b) Blood vessels
c) Myelin, a protective sheath covering nerve fibers
d) Muscles

Correct answer: c)

32.What is the result of the immune system's attack in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
 a) Inflammation and damage to the nerve fibers
b) Strengthening of the myelin sheath
c) Formation of scar tissue on the muscles
d) Decreased production of cerebrospinal fluid

Correct answer: a)

33.Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

a) Fatigue
b) Blurred vision
c) Skin rash
d) Numbness or tingling

Correct answer: c)

34.What makes the progression of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) unpredictable?

a) The severity of nerve damage
b) The location of nerve damage
c) The individual's immune response
d) All of the above

Correct answer: d)

35.Which of the following symptoms is NOT commonly associated with Multiple Sclerosis
(MS)?
a) Muscle weakness
b) Difficulty walking
c) Hearing loss
d) Problems with coordination and balance

Correct answer: c)

36.How can the severity of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) vary?

a) It is always mild
b) It is always severe
c) It can range from mild to severe
d) It remains constant throughout the disease course

Correct answer: c)
37.Which of the following medications is used to reduce inflammation and pain in
autoimmune diseases?
a) Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
b) Anti-inflammatory drugs
c) Corticosteroids
d) Antibiotics

Correct answer: b)

38.What is the primary purpose of corticosteroids in treating autoimmune diseases?

a) To boost the immune system
b) To suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation
c) To directly attack pathogens
d) To enhance the production of antibodies

Correct answer: b)

39.Which therapeutic approach aims to reduce the immune system's activity to prevent it
from attacking the body's own tissues?
a) Immunotherapy
b) Immunosuppressive therapy
c) Antibiotic therapy
d) Antiviral therapy

Correct answer: b)

40.What role do lifestyle modifications play in managing autoimmune diseases?

a) They have no impact on the condition.
b) They can cure the disease completely.
c) They help manage symptoms and improve overall health.
d) They worsen the symptoms of the disease.

Correct answer: c)

41.In which autoimmune disease might regular exercise and physical therapy help manage
symptoms?
a) Rheumatoid arthritis
b) Type 1 diabetes
c) Hashimoto's thyroiditis
d) Lupus

Correct answer: a)
42.What specialist might be involved in the management of autoimmune diseases
depending on the type?
a) Cardiologist
b) Neurologist
c) Rheumatologist
d) Allergist

Correct answer: c)

43.Which type of drug is used to slow the progression of autoimmune diseases like
rheumatoid arthritis?
a) Antibiotics
b) Antifungal drugs
c) Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
d) Antiviral drugs

Correct answer: c)

44.What is the main purpose of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)?

a) To treat infections
b) To reduce pain and inflammation
c) To slow the progression of autoimmune diseases
d) To manage symptoms temporarily

Correct answer: c)

45.What is the primary goal of therapeutic approaches to autoimmune diseases?

a) To cure the disease completely
b) To alleviate all symptoms permanently
c) To manage symptoms, slow disease progression, and improve quality of life
d) To suppress the immune system indefinitely

Correct answer: c)

46.What is recommended regarding dental cleanings and exams for people with
autoimmune diseases?
a) Yearly cleanings
b) Quarterly cleanings
c) Biannual cleanings
d) No need for regular cleanings
Correct answer: b)

47.What is emphasized as a good oral hygiene habit for individuals with autoimmune
diseases?
a) Flossing once a week
b) Brushing once a day
c) Brushing at least twice a day and flossing at least once a day
d) Using mouthwash daily

Correct answer: c)

48.Which type of diet is recommended for individuals with autoimmune diseases to

maintain oral health?
a) High-sugar diet
b) High-salt diet
c) Anti-inflammatory diet
d) Low-fiber diet

Correct answer: c)

49.Why is staying hydrated important for people with autoimmune diseases such as
Sjögren’s syndrome?
a) To prevent weight gain
b) To combat dry mouth and associated oral health issues
c) To reduce inflammation in the body
d) To improve sleep quality

Correct answer: b)

50.Which medication is specifically indicated for the treatment of systemic lupus

erythematosus?
a) Abatacept
b) Rituximab
c) Secukinumab
d) Belimumab

Correct answer: d)