RT Review Questions

1. The penetrating ability of an X-ray beam is governed by:

a. kilovoltage or wavelength (energy).
b. time.
c. milliamperage.
d. source-to-film distance.
2. Two X-ray machines operating at the same nominal
kilovoltage and milliamperage settings:
a. will produce the same intensities and energies of
radiation.
b. will produce the same intensities but may produce
different energies of radiation.
c. will produce the same energies but may produce
different intensities of radiation.
d. may give not only different intensities but also
different energies of radiation.
3. Short wavelength electromagnetic radiation produced
during the disintegration of nuclei of radioactive
substances is called:
a. X-radiation.
b. gamma radiation.
c. scatter radiation.
d. beta radiation.
4. Almost all gamma radiography is performed with:
a. natural isotopes.
b. artificially produced isotopes.
c. radium.
d. Co-60.
5. The energy of gamma rays is expressed by which of the
following units of measurement?
a. Curie (gigabecquerel).
b. Röntgen (coulomb per kilogram).
c. Half-life.
d. Kiloelectronvolts (keV) or megaelectronvolts (MeV).
6. Of the following, the source providing the most
penetrating radiation is:
a. Co-60.
b. 220 kVp X-ray tube.
c. 15 MeV betatron.
d. electrons from Ir-192.
7. The difference between the densities of two areas of a
radiograph is called:
a. radiographic contrast.
b. subject contrast.
c. film contrast.
d. definition.
8. The fact that gases, when bombarded by radiation, ionize
and become electrical conductors makes them useful in:
a. X-ray transformers.
b. fluoroscopes.
c. masks.
d. radiation detection equipment.
9. The reason exposure time must be increased by a factor of
four when the source-to-film distance is doubled is that
the:
a. intensity of radiation decreases at an exponential rate
when the source-to-film distance is increased.
b. energy of radiation is inversely proportional to the
square root of the distance from the source to the
film.
c. intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the
square of the distance from the source to the film.
d. scattered radiation effect is greater as the
source-to-film distance increases.
10. The most important factor in X-ray absorption of a
specimen is:
a. the thickness of the specimen.
b. the density of the specimen.
c. Young’s modulus of the material.
d. the atomic number of the material.
11. The maximum permissible dose per calendar year is 5 rem
(0.05 Sv) for:
a. extremities.
b. skin.
c. whole body (total effective dose equivalent).
d. a fetus from occupational exposure of a declared
pregnant woman.
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12. Exposure to small doses of X-rays or gamma rays:
a. has a cumulative effect that must be considered when
monitoring for maximum permissible dose.
b. is beneficial because it serves to build an immunity in
humans to radiation poisoning.
c. will have no effect on human beings.
d. will have only a short-term effect on human tissues.
13. Which of the following technique variables is most
commonly used to adjust subject contrast?
a. Source-to-film distance.
b. Milliamperage.
c. Kilovoltage.
d. Focal spot size.
14. A basic difference between a radiograph and a
fluoroscopic image is:
a. the fluoroscopic image is more sensitive.
b. the fluoroscopic image is positive whereas the
radiographic image is negative.
c. the fluoroscopic image is brighter.
d. there is no basic difference between the two.
15. Thin sheets of lead foil in intimate contact with X-ray film
during exposure increase film density because they:
a. fluoresce and emit visible light, which helps expose
the film.
b. absorb the scattered radiation.
c. prevent backscattered radiation from fogging the film.
d. emit electrons when exposed to X- and gamma
radiation, which helps to darken the film.
16. When viewing a radiograph, an image of the back of the
cassette superimposed on the image of the specimen is
noted. This is most likely due to:
a. undercut.
b. overexposure.
c. X-ray intensity being too high.
d. backscatter radiation.
17. An image quality indicator (IQI) is used to measure the:
a. size of discontinuities in a part.
b. density of the film.
c. quality of the radiographic technique.
d. amount of radiation that penetrates the test object.
18. In film radiography, IQIs are usually placed:
a. between the intensifying screen and the film.
b. on the source side of the test object.
c. on the film side of the test object.
d. between the operator and the radiation source.
19. At voltages above 400 kV, the use of lead to provide
protection may present serious structural problems. If
this should be the case, which of the following materials
would most likely be used as a substitute?
a. Concrete.
b. Aluminum.
c. Steel.
d. Boron.
20. A distinctive characteristic of megavolt radiography is that
it:
a. results in comparatively high subject contrast.
b. results in comparatively high radiographic contrast.
c. is applicable to comparatively thick or highly
absorbing specimens.
d. is utilized for stainless steels only.
21. Given the radiographic equivalency factors of 1.4 for
InconelTM and 1.0 for 304 stainless steel, what is the
approximate equivalent thickness of InconelTM to produce
the same exposure as a 3.8 mm (0.15 in.) thickness of
304 stainless steel?
a. 3 mm (0.11 in.)
b. 9 mm (0.35 in.)
c. 18 mm (0.7 in.)
d. 36 mm (1.4 in.)
22. The fact that each solid crystalline substance produces its
own characteristic X-ray pattern is the basis for:
a. xeroradiography.
b. X-ray diffraction testing.
c. fluoroscopic testing.
d. polymorphic testing.
23. When inspecting a light metal casting by fluoroscopy,
which of the following discontinuities would most likely
be detected?
a. Copper shrinkage.
b. Microshrinkage.
c. Shrinkage.
d. Fine cracks.
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24. For testing a 25 mm (1 in.) steel plate 305 mm (12 in.)
square for laminar discontinuities, which of the following
would be most effective?
a. 3.7 TBq (100 Ci) of Ir-192.
b. 925 GBq (25 Ci) of Co-60.
c. 250 kVp X-ray machine.
d. An ultrasonic device.
25. A critical weld was made with a double vee-groove.
Among those listed, which radiographic technique
would provide coverage with the greatest probability for
detecting the most serious discontinuities?
a. A single exposure centered on the weld and
perpendicular to the principal surface of the plate.
b. Two exposures aligned with the vee-groove, focus
±30° off perpendicular.
c. Two exposures, perpendicular to the plate, offset by
the width of the weld bead.
d. A single exposure centered on the weld with two
films aligned ±30° off perpendicular to the principal
surface of the plate.
26. A fuse assembly is radiographed so that measurements
can be made on the film to determine a minimum internal
clearance dimension. What should be factored into the
dimension taken from the film?
a. Projection magnification.
b. Film latitude.
c. Slope of the characteristic curve.
d. IQI alignment.
27. Miniature electronic components are to be
radiographically inspected to reveal broken copper
wire leads of 0.008 in. (0.2 mm) diameter. Which of
the following IQIs would be most effective to use in
establishing a reliable technique?
a. A series of steel plaque-type IQIs ranging in thickness
from 0.1 mm (0.005 in.) to 0.4 mm (0.015 in.),
containing 1T, 2T, and 4T holes.
b. A plastic block with the radiographic thickness
equivalent of the test objects, containing precisiondrilled holes ranging from 0.1 mm
(0.005 in.) to
0.4 mm (0.015 in.) diameter.
c. A plastic block with the radiographic thickness
equivalent of the test objects, containing copper wires
ranging from 0.1 mm (0.005 in.) to 0.4 mm (0.015 in.)
diameter.
d. A series of copper shims ranging in thickness from
0.1 mm (0.005 in.) to 0.4 mm (0.015 in.), containing
1/2T and 1T holes.