Eni S.p.A.

Exploration & Production Division

FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION

WIND ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEM

20176.VAR.ELE.FUN

Rev. 1 June 2003

ENGINEERING COMPANY STANDARD

This document is property of Eni S.p.A. Eploration & Production Division. It shall neither be shown to Third Parties not used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.
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FOREWORD

Rev. 0 Total Number of pages 18

November 1994
Issued to comply with the EEC directives
Cancelling and replacing the following specification:
08969.VAR.ELE.SPC : GENERAL SPECIFICATION - WIND ENERGY GENERATION
SYSTEM

Rev. 1 Total Number of pages: 18

June 2003
Issued to comply with the E.U. directives and normative references revision
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INDEX

1. GENERAL……………………………………………………………………………..…….……4
1.1 SCOPE…………………………………………………………………………………..…..……4
1.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES…………………………………………………………..…..…..4

2. FUNCTIONAL NORMATIVE REQUIREMENTS……………………………….….…..….….6

2.1 DEFINITIONS……………………………………………………………………….……..……..6
2.2 SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS………………………………………………….…...……6
2.3 OPERATING ENVIRONMENT……………………………………………………….…….…..6
2.4 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS………………………………………………….…....……..7
2.5 BOUNDARIES, LIMITS AND EXCLUSIONS…………………………………….… .….…..16
2.6 ERGONOMICS………………………………………………………………….…..….…..…..16
2.7 SAFETY………………………………………………………………………….……….….…..16
2.8 REQUIREMENT FOR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND ASSURANCE…………….….…17
2.9 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR REVIEW…………………………………….….…..17
2.10 DOCUMENTATION………………………………………...………………………….…….…18
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1. GENERAL

1.1. SCOPE

This specification sets out the minimum requirements and the inspection plans for the
supply of the "Wind Energy Generation Systems" for onshore and offshore installations.

Any other additional information not covered by this specification will be specified in the
rules and publications in force and in the project technical documentation, particularly:

– Data Sheets

– Inspection Data Sheets (I.D.S.)

– Required Documentation Data Sheet (R.D.D.S.)

The technical requirements of this functional specification are based upon considerations
of performances and functionality, therefore the instructions contained in this document
are not meant to be discriminatory.
Any alternative suggestions will be considered, provided that the compliance with what
required in this document is satisfied both from functional and performance points of
view.

1.2. NORMATIVE REFERENCES

The main Normative References that entirely define the wind energy generation system
are herewith listed.
References are made to the Directives (when applicable) and European Normative
references (EN = CEI EN), in the absence of the above, National CEI/CEI UNEL
normative references and/or IEC publications relating to the place of installation and/or as
stated by the contract.
In any case, all the rules, fixed by the legislative provision acts and regulations in force, if
those exist, and under the jurisdiction of which the plants are installed, should be
respected.

1.2.1 Applicable European Directives

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC)

Electric systems and equipment shall be in conformity with Directive 89/336/CEE, revised
and supplemented with directives 92/31/CEE, 93/68/CEE and 93/97/CEE, implemented
with D.Lgs. 615/96.
The preceding D.Lgs. 476/92 was repealed with exception for art. 14, comma 2.

LOW VOLTAGE DIRECTIVE (LVD)

Directive 73/23 CEE for electric material intended to be utilised within such voltage limits
as (50÷1000 Vac and 75÷1500 Vdc), implemented with legislative act L.791/77.
Its subsequent revision with directive 93/68 CEE, was implemented with D.Lgs 626/96.

MACHINES DIRECTIVE (MSD)

The machines shall be in conformity with safety requirements of Directive 98/392/CEE

and subsequent Directives, implemented withj D.P.R. 459/96.
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1.2.2. Normative References

NATIONAL INTERNATIONAL EUROPEAN TITLE

(classifications CEI) REFERENCES REFERENCES
(IEC) (CENELEC)
CEI ENV 61400-1 IEC 61400-1 ENV 61400-1 Wind turbine generation systems
(88-1) Part 1: Safety requirements
CEI EN 61400-2 IEC 61400-2 EN 61400-2 Wind turbine generation systems
(88-2) Part 2: Safety of small wind turbines
CEI EN 61400-11 IEC 61400-11 EN 61400-11 Wind turbine generation systems
(88-3) Part 11: Acoustic noise measurement
Technique
CEI UNI EN 45510-5-3 ---- EN 45510-5-3 Guide for procurement of power station
(88-4) equipment
Part 5-3: Wind turbines
CEI EN 61400-12 IEC 61400-12 EN 61400-12 Wind turbine generation systems
(88-5) Part 12: Wind turbines power performance
testing
IEC TR 61400-24 Wind Turbine Generator Systems - Part 24:
Lightning Protection

1.2.3. Normative References of other organisations

A.W.E.A. TITLE
American Wind Energy Association ( NOTE 1 )
Standard Performances Testing of wind energy
A.W.E.A. 1.1 conversion systems
Standard procedure for measurement of acoustical
A.W.E.A. 2.1 emission from wind turbine generation systems: TIER I
Design Criteria recommended Practice Wind Energy
A.W.E.A. 3.1 Conversion System
Recommended Practice for the installation of wind
A.W.E.A. 6.1 conversion system
Standard procedure for meteorological measurements
A.W.E.A. 8.1 at a potential wind turbine site
Expert group study on recommended practice for wind
I.E.A. turbine testing and evaluation .8. Glossary of terms
International Energy Agency
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2. FUNCTIONAL NORMATIVE REQUIREMENTS

2.1. DEFINITIONS, SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Reference to the Normative References from paragraph 1.2 will be made for definitions,
symbols and abbreviations.

2.2. SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Moreover, symbols and abbreviations shown in TABLE 1 are defined:

TABLE 1
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

MEASUR.
DEFINITION DESCRIPTION SYMBOL
UNIT
A system that includes one or more windmills,
Eolic System the relevant support systems, and a control --- ---
panel
Eolic Generator/ A windmill coupled with an electric generator --- ---
Windmill
A machinery that transforms the eolic energy
into rotational mechanic energy, complete with a
rudder device which is properly adjusted on the
Windmill main shaft, allowing the system correct --- ---
alignment.
Environment The installation site temperature in stagnant air
temperature conditions T °C
The maximum power generated by the eolic
Peak power generator on a proper load at the environment Wp W
temperature conditions.
Idle voltage supplied by the eolic generator, at
Empty voltage the environment temperature (T) Voc V
The design voltage of the generator
Rated voltage Vn V
Short circuit current The short circuit current generated by the eolic
generator. Isc A
The period of time in which there is not enough
Wind calmness wind to generate energy, expressed in days. --- ---

2.3. OPERATING ENVIRONMENT

The wind generation system components will be designed and built according to the
installation site environmental conditions specified on the Data Sheet.
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2.4. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

2.4.1. Operating Conditions

Under normal conditions, the system will provide:

– The transformation of the eolic energy into electric energy.

– The complete charge, and the constant charge of the accumulator batteries
simultaneously to power supply of loads.

– The power supply of loads by d.c. with continuity, every hour, day, and season of the
year, and under whatever wind conditions.

2.4.2. System Sizing

The system will be designed as to guarantee its performance under functional normal
conditions, and to ensure with a high level of certainty the power supply, even under poor
wind conditions during a period of time, and with a voltage specified on the Data Sheet.
The Supplier shall provide the Company with the calculation method applied for the sizing
of the system, taking into consideration the following parameters:

a) Installation site environmental conditions;

b) Installation site geographical position (latitude, longitude and altitude);

c) Distribution (%) of the wind intensity in nodes (1 Node = 1.85 Km/hour);

d) Estimated number of days without wind.

This parameter indicates the number of consecutive days without sufficient wind and
establishes the system autonomy to cope with under the worst circumstances;

e) Required energy (Wh/day) specified on the Data Sheet;

f) Energy necessary for feeding selected loads (Wh/day), based on the average daily
values in “no wind” conditions;

g) Rated voltage of the system;

h) Work current (I) of the wind energy generators;

i) Eolic generators maintenance coefficient;

j) Efficiency of the wind energy generators;

k) Efficiency of the accumulator batteries;

l) Safety coefficient.
It is the energy increase in relation to the energy absorbed from the users, which the
generator must produce in a year, to provide for all the different wind variations from
one year to the next one, and necessary to charge the batteries in a relatively short
period of time.

The Supplier shall specify the source of the values and data given in c) and d), if not
indicated in the Project Specifications.
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2.4.3. Construction Characteristics

2.4.3.1. General Prescriptions

The components, and the materials used shall be in compliance to the installation site,
the service conditions, and the transport conditions.

Standardised and serialised materials shall extensively be used.

2.4.3.2. System Components

The eolic generation system, object of this Functional Specification, usually will include:

– Windmill

– Electric Generator

– Support structure (tower)

– Control and calibration system

– Battery charge and d.c. power distribution control panel (if specified in the Data
Sheet)

– Electric accumulator batteries

– Accessories and auxiliary equipment

2.4.3.3. Windmills

The windmills will be classified according to the rotor axis orientation with respect to the
wind direction; that is:

– Rotor with horizontal and parallel axis to the wind direction (frontal).

– Rotor with vertical axis.

The rotors will be also classified according their rotation speed:

– Constant speed.

– Variable speed.

Unless otherwise specified on the Data Sheet, the components characteristics shall be:

– Resin polyurethane or epoxidic blades reinforced in fibre-glass.

– Aluminium cover for onshore installations, and in stainless steel AISI 304 (at least) for
offshore installations.

– The rotor axis and the bolts and nuts in stainless steel AISI 304.

The windmills shall be provided with an automatic breaking system in case of strong wind
gusts.

Figure 1 shows the main applicable schemes for windmills.

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FIGURE 1

WINDMILLS MAIN SCHEMES

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a) Horizontal axis windmill

The horizontal axis eolic machine will include the following items:

– A lattice or tubular type support.

– A vessel called "nacelle" containing the electric generator, the speed multiplier,
and some control equipment.

– The rotor, made up by a hub, on which from 1 to 3 blades will be mounted. It will
be possible to place it windward or leeward with respect to the support.

– The rudder for the orientation of the machine according to the wind direction.

– The control system, the instruments, and the cables necessary to transport the
produced electric energy, and to transmit the necessary signals.

Figure 2 shows a typical horizontal axis windmill.

FIGURE 2
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b) Vertical axis windmill

The vertical axis eolic machine shall include the following items:

– A tubular shaft standing vertically.

– Two or three curved blades with both the extremities connected to the shaft.

– A basement, containing the speed multiplier, and the electric generator, if any.

Figure 3 shows a typical vertical axis windmill.

FIGURE 3
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2.4.3.4. Electric Generator

The electric generators can be of two types:

– Constant speed and constant frequency (VCFC).

– Variable speed and constant frequency (VVFC).

The VCFC type will be obtained with the following items:

– Synchronised generators coupled with constant speed windmill. Two or more

generators may operate in parallel with the network and shall maintain a constant
rotation speed, not affected by the wind velocity. They shall be complete with devices
for the control of the speed;

– asynchronous generators (or induction generators with a creeping between 1 and

5%) coupled to windmills with almost constant speed. They shall be started as
motors. The installation of devices for improving the power factor shall be provided.

The VVFC system shall be obtained with:

– variable speed and constant frequency generators, coupled with variable speed
windmills;

– permanent magnets generators.

When not otherwise specified in the Data Sheet, the characteristics of the various
components shall be:

– copper, possibly tinned, coils, wound in epoxidic resin;

– aluminium enclosure for onshore installations or in stainless steel, at least AISI 304,
for offshore installations;

– rotor axis and bolting in stainless steel, at least AISI 304.

2.4.3.5. Tower or support structure

The tower shall be sized for the loads and stresses to which it is subjected (horizontal
component of the rotating machine and horizontal wind force), both in normal conditions
and in presence of severe atmospheric perturbations, as gusts, storms, hail, lightning, ice
or sand storms and salty fogs.
It shall be of the self-supporting type, fabricated with steel bars or tubes, suitably treated
for the environment conditions and in conformity with the provisions of the Project
Specification. In addition, the support structure shall be enough rigid and shall not
represent an obstacle for the flow of the wind and shall not produce turbulence
phenomena among the blades and the structure itself.

2.4.3.6. Adjustment and Control System

The adjustment and control system will include a number of non-dissipation units with
adjustable intervention threshold, equal to the number of windmills making up the eolic
generation system.

Each unit shall provide the control of the Pb or Ni-Cd accumulator batteries voltage, in
accordance with the Data Sheet.

Each single unit and related auxiliary equipment shall be installed on a panel and
assembled on a 19’’ rotating rack.
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A temperature sensor properly placed within the battery room will be connected to the
system for the automatic control of the voltage value at the battery charge end.
Each unit shall act on its relevant windmill, which shall be inserted on the load in function
of the value of voltage in the batteries.
Each unit is functionally independent of the others, in order that the failure of one of the
units does not interfere with the operations of the others.

a) Electric Charge Regulator

The electric charge regulator shall provide at least the following operating functions:

1) To rectify the a.c. power supplied by the generator, when requested in the Data
Sheet, through a silicon diodes Gretz bridges.

2) Selection of battery type and its related voltage parameters, which shall dictate
the various automatic interventions.

3) Charge the batteries with a constant voltage system or a step-by-step system.

During the constant voltage charge, the regulator will continue charging the
battery until it reaches the maximum charge capacity (given by a thermowell, or
previously established). When it reaches the maximum charge, the charge shall
be stopped and it will be restarted after a pre-set period of time.
In the event that the eolic generation system is not able to supply enough power
to obtain the maximum charge voltage, the shutdown device will be activated,
and the regulator will restart the charging operations after a pre-set period of
time.
During the step-by-step charging, the shutdown device will remain close until
the system has reached its maximum charge level. The system will
successively and constantly control the batteries voltage, and when it goes
below 1.4V with respect to the maximum limit of the charge end voltage , the
shutdown device will be shut again, and the regulator restarts the electric
charge phase.
The current shutdown device can be electromechanical or electronic; it must
guarantee the maximum reliability and duration, taking into consideration the
expected commuting daily frequency and the commuted power.
In both types of charge, prior to activating the shutdown device, the system
must carry out all the necessary tests to verify the relevant conditions, in
particular:
The regulator will activate the charge phase when the following conditions
are met:

VE > VB

where: VE = Eolic generator voltage

VB = Battery voltage

The regulator will stop the charge phase when the following conditions are
met:
VE ≥ V Max.
Ic = 0
where:V Max = Battery maximum charge voltage (given by the thermowell,
or by the pre-set maximum value)
Ic = Current between the panel and the battery

4) For Pb batteries, after each relatively deep discharge (up to 70 - 80% charge
status), the regulator shall recharge up to the compensation voltage and
maintain the battery at the buffer voltage.
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b) Control System

Unless otherwise specified on the Data Sheets, the control system shall at least
provide the functions shown on Table 3.

TABLE. 3

SIGNALS, ALARMS, SHUTDOWN

FUNCTION LOCAL S.C. RTU

DESCRIPTION
(note 1) PANEL (note 2) (note 2)
A Overload time expired X X X
A Battery charge at 70% X X X
A Battery charge at 40% X X X
A/B Battery charge at 10% X X X
A High voltage battery X X X
A/B Power supply "off" X X X
A Battery charged at buffer voltage X X X
A General Alarm (summary) X X X
A Efficiency field reduced X X X
A Regulator failure X X X
S Battery circuit breaker status X X X
S Charge circuit breaker status X X X

NOTE: 1 - A - Alarm, B - Shutdown, S - Signal

2 - Free voltage SPDT contacts

c) D. C. distribution and interconnection panel

Whenever required on the Data Sheets, this panel includes two sections, and is
integrated on the same Regulation and Control System Panel.

– Interconnections section: it shall include one or more terminal blocks for the
incoming and the outgoing of all the cables and the Panel internal cabling.

– D.C. distribution section: this section includes all the components (switches,
relays, etc.) for the power supply and the storage power supply in accordance
with the Data Sheet. The following control instruments, protection and
disconnecting devices, can be mounted on this panel in compliance with the
project specifications:

– Voltmeter for the battery voltage;

– Ammeter for each output on the loads;

– Ammeter for the current supply from the photovoltaic field;

– Fused switches on the incomings from the photovoltaic field.

The charges connected to the panel must allow operating functions within the
battery voltage variation field; otherwise, a proper voltage stabiliser must be
inserted.
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The connection circuits (and the corresponding disconnectors and fuses) among the
regulator, the storage battery and the users shall be designed in such a way that the
power supply will never take place from the photovoltaic field without having the
battery in parallel, because in the event of this happening, the voltage would be
increased above the safety limits.

If a d.c. panel (DCP type) is specified in the Data Sheet, separated or in place, the
d.c. distribution section will be eliminated.

The d.c. control panel functional and construction characteristics shall conform to the
relevant functional Specification and the Data Sheet.

2.4.3.7. Storage battery

The battery selection and the sizing will be carried out in accordance with the
specifications given on the Data Sheet.
The battery functional and construction characteristics shall conform to the relevant
functional Specification and the Data Sheet.
Unless otherwise indicated, the following conditions will apply:

– The self discharge characteristic shall not be greater than 2% per month at 25° C.

– The batteries will be of the lead-calcium type, or lead-antimony type with a low
content of antimony, or nickel-cadmium type. They shall be suitable to be used with
the wind systems.

– The batteries with the topping up possibility must be of the greater reserve of
electrolyte type, in such a way to schedule only one intervention each year.

– The battery capacity shall cover the longest “without wind” possible period (discharge
of at least 100 hours).

– The estimated degradation of capacity after 10 years of service, with the charging
cycles indicated on the Data Sheet, shall be as low as possible.

2.4.3.8. Accessories

When requested in the Data Sheet, some speed meters shall be included in the supply of
the eolic generation system. They will measure the rotations per minute for each eolic
generator.
The monitored data shall be available in analogic form to be passed to a processor
system.
The level of the output signal shall be in mV or in mA, in accordance with the Supplier's
standards.

2.4.3.9. Electromagnetic Interference

Any disturbance to telecommunication shall be eliminated, or ruled in accordance with

the provision of the C.I.S.P.R. (International Special Committee on Radio Interference).

2.4.3.10 Start-up Spare parts

The material necessary for the start-up shall be supplied for each system.
Based on previous experience and the utilised types, the spare parts provided will be the
ones the supplier consider to be necessary.
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2.4.3.11. Protective treatments

a) Painting

Painting and the relevant protective treatments will be done in accordance with the
prescriptions contained in the Data Sheet.

b) Tropicalisation

When required in the Data Sheet, equipment and materials will be subjected to
tropicalisation treatments in accordance with the relevant Reference Specification.

2.4.4. Packing for transport

Packing for transport shall be defined by the Supplier according to the modalities required
by the Company.

The batteries shall, however, be dismantled in units suitable for transportation and their
re-assembly operations shall be as simple and as safe as possible.

2.5. BOUNDARIES, LIMITS AND EXCLUSIONS

2.5.1. Usefulness

This Functional Specification has to be considered as covering some aspects not defined
in the Supply Specification, which specifies the limit of supply, the design data and the
specific choices.
No specific application area is, therefore, addressed by this specification, which shall be
utilised both for plants on which the eolic generation is the main energy source and for
plant on which this type of power generation is auxiliary to a different energy source.

2.5.2. Limits and exclusions

Particular limits and exclusions, if any, are indicated in the Data Sheet.

2.6. ERGONOMICS

The noise level of the system shall not be over 65 dBa , measured at a distance of 1 m
and at a height of 1 m.

2.7. SAFETY

2.7.1. General prescriptions

The Supplier will guarantee that the material and components of the system, subject of
this Functional Specification will be designed according to a good practice to respect the
safety prescriptions contained in the Normative References.
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2.8. REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND ASSURANCE

Any additional requirements of Quality Management and/or Quality Assurance are

contained in the relevant management specification enclosed in the request for bid.

2.9. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR REVIEW

When required, tests indicated in the Inspection Data Sheet (I.D.S.) shall be carried out
and are subdivided in:

– Type test;

– Acceptance test (individual);

– Special test.

For any inspection and test not included in the Normative References and in this
Specification and requested in the Inspection Data Sheet (I.D.S), the execution
procedures shall be defined on a case by case basis.

When required, the tests and inspections shall be carried out on:

– battery charger and d.c. power distribution panel;

– electric storage batteries.

They shall be as defined in the Functional Specifications and Inspection Data Sheets
(I.D.S.).

2.9.1. Type test

The type test aims at guaranteeing the compliance of a specific type of eolic generator
with the Normative References and the original design.
The type test shall be carried out on a prototype of eolic generator and the Supplier shall
be fully responsible for its execution.
The type tests shall be carried out in official laboratories.
The Company shall be exclusively responsible for the acceptance of eolic generators that
are similar to those supplied as prototypes and shall reserve the right to request the
execution of some of the type tests.

2.9.2. Acceptance test (individual)

The acceptance test aims at guaranteeing, by verification of documents and execution of

a limited but important number of inspections and tests, the compliance of windmills with
the original design and prototype as well as with the Company's requirements, and to
detect any faults in materials and fabrication. The acceptance test (individual) shall be
carried out on all components of the supplied system, assisted by the Supplier.

2.9.3. Special Test

It includes tests and inspections not provided for in the type and acceptance tests, that
the Company may require from time to time.
The list of tests and inspections and any criteria of execution will be indicated in the
Inspection Data Sheet (I.D.S.).
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2.10. DOCUMENTATION

The Supplier will deliver to the Company all the documents indicated in the Requested
Document Data Sheet (R.D.D.S.), in accordance with the agreed terms and schedule.

The technical documentation will be written in the official language indicated in the Data
Sheet and using the symbols indicated in the applied reference Rules.

2.10.1. Bid Documentation

The Supplier will include in his bid all the information and documentation required in the
Data Sheet (R.D.D.S.).

2.10.2. Documents Subjected to Approval

The approval of the documentation by the Company, if necessary, will refer to the formal
verification of the parameters indicated in the design's documents only.

2.10.3. Documentation used by the Company for the system design

The Supplier will deliver to the Company all the documentation necessary to the
execution of the system design and to the installation of the supplied system.

2.10.4. Test Documents

The Supplier will deliver to the Company, within the schedule and in the way indicated in
the Data Sheet, all the certificates relating to the type, acceptance and special tests.

2.10.5. Final Technical Documentation

The final technical documentation, with the only exception of the Supplier and
Subsuppliers catalogues and publications will include the following references:

– name of the Supplier;

– name of the Company;

– identification tag, as indicated by the Company;

– title of the document;

– details of the Company's orders.

and will consist of:

a) Design and Installation instructions;

b) Operations instructions;

c) Maintenance instructions.

The description and drawings can be contained in catalogues and documents of the
Supplier, as long as they satisfy the following conditions:

– they contain all data and information required in their final form

– they are relevant to the type supplied and the materials included in the supply are
clearly identified amongst those in the document.

The documentation subject to approval will be integral part of the final documentation
approved by the Company.