1.

Energy Efficiency:

• Formula (Energy Savings Potential):

• Energy Savings Potential = Baseline Energy Consumption - Proposed Energy
Consumption
• Explanation: Energy savings potential calculates the difference between baseline
energy consumption (before implementing energy-efficient measures) and
proposed energy consumption (after implementing energy-efficient measures).

2. Water Conservation:

• Formula (Water Savings Potential):

• Water Savings Potential = Baseline Water Consumption - Proposed Water
Consumption
• Explanation: Water savings potential calculates the difference between baseline
water consumption (before implementing water-efficient measures) and
proposed water consumption (after implementing water-efficient measures).

3. Materials Selection:

• Formula (Embodied Carbon):

• Embodied Carbon = ∑(Carbon Emissions for Extraction + Carbon Emissions for
Manufacturing + Carbon Emissions for Transportation + Carbon Emissions for
Installation)
• Explanation: Embodied Carbon quantifies the total carbon emissions associated
with the production and use of materials throughout their life cycle, including
extraction, manufacturing, transportation, and installation.

4. Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ):

• Formula (Daylight Factor):

• Daylight Factor = (Daylight Illuminance at a Point on a Horizontal Plane) /
(Outdoor Illuminance on a Horizontal Plane)
• Explanation: Daylight Factor measures the ratio of internal daylight illuminance
to external daylight illuminance, indicating the level of natural daylighting within
a space.
 Core Concept Formula/Calculation Explanation Example
Energy Use Intensity (EUI) If a building consumes 100,000
represents the total energy kWh annually and has a total
EUI = Total Energy consumed per unit of floor floor area of 50,000 ft², the EUI
Energy Consumption (kWh) / Total area over a specific time would be: EUI = 100,000 kWh /
Efficiency Floor Area (ft²) period. 50,000 ft² = 2 kWh/ft²/year
Water Use Intensity (WUI)
measures the water If a building consumes 500,000
consumption per unit of gallons of water annually and
floor area over a specific has a total floor area of
WUI = Total Water time period, indicating the 100,000 ft², the WUI would be:
Water Consumption (gallons) / Total water efficiency of a WUI = 500,000 gallons /
Conservation Floor Area (ft²) building. 100,000 ft² = 5 gallons/ft²/year
Calculating the embodied
energy of concrete involves
Embodied Energy quantifies summing up the energy
the total energy consumed required for extracting raw
Embodied Energy = ∑(Energy throughout the life cycle of materials (e.g., limestone,
for Extraction + Energy for a material, including sand), manufacturing cement,
Manufacturing + Energy for extraction, manufacturing, transporting materials to the
Materials Transportation + Energy for transportation, and construction site, and installing
Selection Installation) installation. concrete components.
Thermal Comfort Indices Calculating PMV and PPD for
such as Predicted Mean an office space with an air
Vote (PMV) and Predicted temperature of 24°C, relative
PMV = ∑[(M - W) - 3.05 - Percentage Dissatisfied humidity of 50%, and
0.0014M(34 - Ta) - (PPD) are used to assess metabolic rate of 1.2 met,
0.00034M(34 - Ta)(1.1 - RH) - occupant comfort based on would involve plugging these
0.00064M*(ta - 35.5) - factors like air temperature, values into the formulas to
Indoor 0.00021M(Ta - 35.5)*(0.1 - RH)] humidity, clothing determine the level of thermal
Environmental <br> PPD = 100 * CDF (0.44 * insulation, and metabolic comfort and the percentage of
Quality (IEQ) (PMV)^1.14) rate. dissatisfied occupants.

Explanation of abbreviations:

• EUI: Energy Use Intensity

• kWh: Kilowatt-hour (unit of energy)
• ft²: Square foot (unit of area)
• WUI: Water Use Intensity
• CDF: Cumulative Distribution Function
• PMV: Predicted Mean Vote
• PPD: Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied
• RH: Relative Humidity
• M: Metabolic rate
• Ta: Air temperature