Near East University

Department of Civil Engineering

Fall 2023-2024

CIV581-Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis

Assignment N°3

Question : The concepts presented in Truss analysis using stiffness method will be
extended and applied to the analysis of the BEAMS.

a) Derive the global member stiffness matrix for Beams. Show your steps for the
application of the Stiffness method for Beam analysis.

b) Solve at least 2 problems with your own notation.

 ANSWER A
A. Demonstration of the matrix [ ]
 We have a bending bar structure or a bending beam.

We consider a flexural beam with 2 degrees of freedom at each node.

So in total we have 4 degrees of freedom for this element.

Consider the equation of the deformation of a 3e degree polynomial whose coefficients

are indeterminate constants in generalized coordinates :

(1)

Let's write equation (1) in matrix form :

 Vertical displacements are :

At node i : x = 0 (3)

At node j : x = l (3)

 The angular displacements are :

At node i : x = 0 (4)

At node j : x = l (4)
Let's write equation (4) in matrix form :

(5)

The linear expression of equation (5) is : ⌈ ⌉ [ ][ ] [ ]=[ ] ⌈ ⌉ (6)

 The deformation energy of a bent element is given by :

dU = U = ∫[ ][ ] (7)

with ; [ ] (8)

Or, = ( )= + (9)

Let's write equation (9) in matrix form :

Equation (8) becomes : =-Z[ ][ ] (10)

Equation (6) in equation (10) : =-Z[ ][ ] ⌈ ⌉ (11)

LET'S TALK : [ ] [ ]

Equation (11) becomes : =-Z[ ][ ] ⌈ ⌉ (12)

  HOOKE'S LAW :

[ ][ ]⌈ ⌉ =-EZ[ ][ ] ⌈ ⌉ (13)

Then becames : =[ [ ][ ]⌈ ⌉] =-EZ[ ] [ ] ⌈ ⌉ (14)

Equation (12) and (14) in equation (7) :

U= ∫ [ ] [ ] ⌈ ⌉ [ ][ ] ⌈ ⌉ dv

U= ∫ [ ] [ ][ ] [ ]⌈ ⌉ ⌈ ⌉ dv

We know that: dv = dxdydz

Equation (15) can be written as follows :

U= [ ] [ ]⌈ ⌉ ⌈ ⌉ ∫[ ] [ ] dx ∫ (15)

We know that the moment of inertia with respect to the Z axis is given by this formula :
∫ ∫ (16)

 ∫[ ] [ ] dx = ∫ [ ] [ ] dx = ∫ [ ]

=[ ] (17)

Equation (16) and (17) in equation (15) :

U= ⌈ ⌉ [ ] [ ][ ]⌈ ⌉
  [ ]
⌈ ⌉
Adj A

Equation (18) and (19) in equation (15)

The matrix [K] is given by : [ ] [ ][ ][ ][ ]
 ANSWER B
Example 1

We know that :

Note : We'll demonstrate the same result using the matrix method.

 Strengths
- Known :
- Unknown :
  The deformations
- Known :
- Unknown : et

 Global stiffness matrix for bar 1-2 and bar 2-3 : L = 1 m

Note : since the spans are symmetrical, i.e. the overall stiffness matrices of the bars are
also symmetrical.

 The structure's global stiffness matrix

 Calculation of reactions and deformations

[ ] [ ][ ]
  Let's make a deduction from this 6x6 matrix to determine the deformations :

[ ] [ ][ ] [ ] [[ ]] [ ] (1)

Or [[ ]] [ ]

Equation (1) becomes : [ ] [ ][ ]

 Let's calculate the remaining matrix of order 3x3 to determine the support
reactions :

[ ] [ ]

[ ]

Note : everything is verified and demonstrated

Example 2

 Strengths
- Known :
- Unknown :

 The deformations
- Known :
- Unknown : et
  Global stiffness matrix for bar 1-2 and bar 2-3 : L = 2 m

 The structure's global stiffness matrix

 Calculation of reactions and deformations

[ ] [ ][ ]
  Let's make a deduction from this 6x6 matrix to determine the deformations :

[ ] [ ][ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] (1)

Or [ ] ⌈ ⌉

Equation (1) becomes : [ ] ⌈ ⌉[ ]

 Let's calculate the remaining matrix of order 3x3 to determine the support
reactions :

[ ] ⌈ ⌉

[ ]

=-