ANJUMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, NAGPUR

Department of Electrical Engineering

ASSIGNMENT NO. 4
UNIT IV (Equipment Protection)
Q1] Explain the percentage differential protection of 3 ph Star/Delta transformer. Show the polarity
markings of the CTs.

Q2] Explain the buchholz relay and its functioning in transformer protection.

Discuss the limitations of the relay.

Q3] Explain the protection scheme of 3 ph alternator in case of:

(i) Unbalance loading

(ii) Loss of excitation

Q4] A 11 KV, 3 ph, star connected alternator has full load rated current of 200A. The reactance of the
armature winding is 15%. The differential protection scheme is set to operate on Earth fault currents
more than 200A. Find the neutral earthing resistance which gives E.F. protection to 90% of the stator
winding.

Q5] Write short note on following:

(i) Protection of 3 ph Induction motor against earth faults.

(ii)Earth fault protection of bus bars.

Q6] Explain the duality of amplitude and phase comparator with the help of neat phasar diagram.

Q7] The neutral point of a 10,000V alternator is earthed through a resistance of 10 ohm, the relay is set
to operate when there is an out of balance current of 1A. The CTs have a ratio of 1000/5. What
percentage of the winding is protected against fault to earth and what must be minimum value of
earthing resistance to give 90% protection to each phase winding?

Q8] What is magnetizing inrush current? What measures are taken to distinguish between the fault
current and magnetizing inrush current? Explain Harmonic Restraint Relay.

Q9] Write short notes:-

(a)Buchholz relay

(b)Bus bar protection

(c)Protections for large 3 phase Induction Motor.

Q10] Point out the abnormal conditions in large synchronous generator against which protection is
necessary.

Q11] Describe suitable protection scheme for three phase alternator against unbalance loading.

Q12] Develop the percentage biased different protection scheme for three phase ∆/λ transformer.

Q13] Draw and explain the % differential protective scheme for 3 phase, 220/11000 volt Y-∆ connected
transformer. The protective transformer on 220 volt side have a current ratio of 600/5. What should be
the C.T. ratio on 11,000 volt side ?

Q14] Explain the scheme for inter-turn fault protection of alternator.

Q15] A 3 phase 33000/6600 volt transformer is connected in star-delta and the protecting current
transformer on the low voltage side have a ratio of 300/5. What will be the ratio of the current
transformer on the high voltage side ? Draw the complete protective scheme.

Q16] Discuss the various abnormal conditions in Induction motor. Explain stator protection using over
current relays.

Q17] in a percentage differential protection scheme of an alternator the relay has slope of 10%. A high
resistance ground fault occurs near the grounded neutral end. As a consequence the currents flowing at
each end are 320A and 304A respectively. Assuming C.T. ratio of 400/5 find:

i) Will the relay trip the breaker?

ii) If the generator is not connected to the bus, will the relay trip?

iii) Show the relay characteristic and the operating point of above conditions.