HENSON PACKS

Question pack: 3.1.2.5 balanced equations and related calcs.rtf

Q13 – How do you do it? You know what 70% is so you can find what 100% is, divide by the Mr for
moles, then say it’s equal to Zn moles, then times by Zn’s Mr for Zn mass

Q14a – Explain the titration practical and how it's applied to determine the Mr of a solid.

you have the acid conc and volume

so you know acid moles

and you have the balanced equation

so you know the exact number of solid moles

you need acid excess therefore solid limiting, so choose a lower number of solid moles

divide by mr for a solid mass

prepare said solid mass into that moles of hcl

titrate with naoh, work out naoh moles which gives hcl moles...then do hcl moles minus the hcl
withnaoh moles

this gives the hcl that reacted with the solid

then work out the solid moles via the balanced equation again

then you have that mass from the beginning, use that + moles to get mr!

Q19a – How do you do it?

29) which pair of solutions would give the greatest mass of solid? SEE WHICH PRODUCT IS
INSOLUBLE

Q30c and Q30d – Are we expected to know how the answers to these? NO

35c) how can the crucible procedure be improved? IT SAYS PROCEDURE NOT APPARATUS, SO
MENTION THE CONSTANT MASS FOR DRIVEN OFF RATHER THAN THE LID

Question pack: 3.1.3.5 Shapes of molecules.rtf

Q3b – What do you say for the skin diffuse fragrance question ? SOLVENT NEEDS ENERGY TO
EVAPORATE, AND IT EVAPORATES QUICKLY SO WE DEDUCE LOW BP AND WEAK VDW/WEAK
IMF, THIS ENERGY IS TAKEN FROM THE SKIN. THEN THE FRAGRANCE SPREADS SLOWLY VIA
DIFFUSION

Question pack: 3.1.3.2 covalent and dative covalent bonding.rtf

Q8d – Why is it stored as a liquid? OCCUPIES A SMALLER VOLUME SO EASIER TO STORE AND
TRANSPORT

Q18d – How do you deduce the empirical formula of graphane from that diagram? EACH C
BONDS TO ONE H

Question pack: 3.1.3.3 metallic bonding.rtf

Q9d, Q9e, and Q9f – Are we expected to know how the answers to these? NO

Question pack: 3.1.3.5 shapes of molecules.rtf

Q24c – How do we ‘deduce’ it? All I can think of is looking at the periodic table and just trying to
come up with something, but that’s not very methodical… LOOK AT THE COMPOUNDS IN THE
QUESTION. YOU’LL SEE ALCL3 AND WORK OUT THE MR TO BE 133.5, THEN YOU KNOW YOU
JUST HAVE TO DOUBLE IT TO GET 267

Q24e and f – You need to know how many outer shell electrons there are in thallium, but I don’t
know how you find this out. YOU WERE UNSURE BECAUSE THALLIUM WAS IN THE TRANSITION
METALS BLOCK. BUT LOOK AGAIN, THAT WAS TITANIUM! THALLIUM IS IN 6P1 SO IT HAS THREE
OUTER ELECTRONS.

Q24d – What has the same number of atoms, electrons and shape as AlCl4-? SICL4 BECAUSE
AL WITH AN EXTRA ELECTRON IS SILICON ACCORDING TO THE PERIODIC TABLE
Question pack: 3.1.4 energetics.rtf

Q10b – Enthalpy of atomisation of chlorine is half the enthalpy of dissociation of chlorine but
why? ATOMISATION FORMS ONE MOLE OF PRODUCT, DISSOCIATION FORMS TWO

Q12aiii – I don’t know how to deduce the identity of the solid. THINK POLYMERS – IT’S
POLYETHENE BUT WE KNOW IT’S ACTUALLY CALLED POLYTHENE

Q12dii – I don’t know how to identify the “organic compound with Mr=60” produced in the
ethanol + copper(II) reaction. IT’S JUST OXIDISING ETHANOL

Q20d – Why is the data book value different to your calculated value? THE DATA BOOK
AVERAGES OVER DIFFERENT COMPOUNDS, NOT JUST THE COMPOUND WE USED IN OUR
CALCULATION

Q32a – How do you do it?

Q34b – Enthalpy of formation of CO is difficult to measure directly but why? SOME C REACTS
WITH O2
Question pack: 3.1.6 equilibria and Kc.rtf

Q21d and 21e – How do you do it? The TWO h2so4 is weird but ok I’ll memorise it for now

Q25a and 25d – How do you do it? A) IS PRODUCTS OVER REACTANTS, D IS THE MOST
ALKALINE

Q26e, f, g, h – How do you do it? JUST MEMORISE THE MARK SCHEME!

Q32b – How do you do it?

Question pack: 3.1.6.2 Kc.rtf

Q11 – Are we expected to be able to do it? IT’S JUST REACTANTS/PRODUCTS, THEN FOR B)
YOU SAY ESTER EVAPORATES SO EQUILIBRIUM SHIFTS RIGHT SO ACID REDUCES SO LESS
ALKALI NEEDED IN TITRATION

Question pack: 3.1.7 redox.rtf

Q1f – How do you do it?

Q7b – They ask for an equation for “the reaction of potassium bromide with chlorine gas”, and
give us no further detail. I wrote KBr + H₂SO₄ → KHSO₄ + 2H₂O. However the mark scheme
wanted 2KBr + H₂SO₄ → 2KHSO₄ + Br₂ + SO₂ + 2H₂O. Since they gave us no further detail, how
would you know which equation the question wanted? JUST MEMORISE AND WRITE DOWN
THE OVERALL EQUATIONS AS A DEFAULT
Q13 – How do you do it?

b) the impurity reacts with dichromate, in such a way that when mass of feso4 and impurity are
equal we actually see impurity react with more dichromate than the feso4

my only issue is that i didn't know the fe2+ -> fe3+ + e- half equation, i had to look that up...is it
something we were taught in class? or something we get taught later? or just an extra little thing
we just have to memorise now? MEMORISE IT FOR NOW

Q19b – How do you know what the molar ratio is?

Question pack: 3.1.3.1 Ionic bonding.rtf

Q1d – What has the same number of electrons as the (N₃)- ion? IT HAS 22 ELECTRONS AND SO
DOES CO2

Q1eiii – Why does magnesium azide have the formula MgN₆ and not Mg₃N₂? (The azide ion is
N₃⁻). (N₃⁻) MULTIPLIED BY Mg’s 2 GIVES YOU N₆. (Mg) MULTIPLIED BY N₃⁻’S BY -1 GIVES YOU
Mg.

Q6b – You’re asked for the three processes in a mass spectrometer. The mark scheme says
ionisation and detection, which we learned, but it also says deflection with a magnetic field. Do
we need to know this or is it old-spec? OLD-SPEC
Question pack: 3.2.3.1 trends in the physical properties of the halogens.rtf

1) give a test-tube reaction to identify sodium carbonate. ADD HNO3 AND OBSERVE
EFFERVESCENCE

Q10ai - They ask you to identify the other sodium halide. I’m thinking NaBr because reaction 1's
cream precipitate comes from NaBr. The mark scheme says NaCl – surely that's wrong?

so yeah you've got NaCl and NaI

from test 1, we'd expect AgCl white precipitate and AgI yellow precipitate

however these mix together to form a 'cream' precipitate. don't be fooled and think of it as AgBr!

for test 2, dilute ammonia solution makes the AgCl white precipitate dissolve/disappear, leaving
the AgI yellow precipitate

for test 3, concentrated ammonia solution still leaves you with the AgI yellow precipitate

if you DID have NaBr and then made AgBr, then it wouldn't dissolve when you added the dilute
ammonia solution, meaning you'd be left with a cream precipitate AND the yellow precipitate.
however this isn't the case as we're only left with the yellow precipitate

Q12bi – Write the sulfuric acid + potassium chloride ionic equation. REMEMBER YOUR SODIUM
HALIDE EQUATIONS AND JUST KNOW THAT POTASSIUM HALIDES ARE ALSO GROUP 1 HALIDES
SO THEY WORK THE SAME WAY, THEREFORE H+ AND Cl- MAKE HCl

Q16a and Q16b – Are we expected to know these chemical tests? I didn’t know them… FOR
NOW JUST THINK ABOUT THE GROUP 7 PRECIPITATES

Q17a and Q17c – Are we expected to know these chemical tests? I didn’t know them… FOR A)
IT’S OXIDATION, FOR C) JUST THINK ABOUT THE GROUP 7 PRECIPITATES

Q18av – Why was the strontium chloride filtered and washed? REMOVE EXCESS SOLID THAT
GIVES TOO LARGE MASS, REMOVE IMPURITIES

Q18b – Write the ionic equation for the magnesium chloride + sodium hydroxide. MG2+ (AQ) +
2OH- (AQ) -> MG(OH)2 (S)

Q18b – Write the ionic equation for calcium + water. Ca (S) + 2H2O -> CA2+ (AQ) + 2OH- (AQ) +
H2(G)

Q19d – Why shouldn't you acidify the sodium chlorate? ADDING MORE ACID MEANS
EQUILIBRIUM SHIFTS LEFT TO CREATE MORE OF THE TOXIC CHLORINE

Q22c and Q22d – How do you do it? 22C IS THE REVERSE OF THE CL2+H2O EQUATION
(REMEMBER THE REACTION IS REVERSIBLE!), 22D REQUIRES YOU TO RECALL ClO- IS A
STRONG OXIDISING AGENT SO IT OXIDISES IODIDE IONS TO FORM IODINE WHICH FORMS A
BLACK SOLID

Q23 – How do you do it? IT’S JUST THE STANDARD “FILTER, WASH AND DRY”
Q27a – I wrote 2NaBr + 3H₂SO₄ → NaHSO₄ + Br₂ + SO₂ + 2H₂O.

The mark scheme wanted 2NaBr + 2H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + Br₂ + SO₂ + 2H₂O, which is also a
possible equation but different to what I wrote.

How do I know that the mark scheme wanted this equation rather than the equation I wrote?

JUST MEMORISE AND WRITE DOWN THE OVERALL EQUATIONS AS A DEFAULT

24a and 24b) what do you do for this question where they ask you to describe this new thing
called ethoxyethane? YOU SAY ITS NAME IN YOUR ANSWERS

Q28a – How do you do it? A2 TRANSITION METALS SO DON’T WORRY

Q29c – You’re asked to write an equation for the formation of potassium bromide. The mark
scheme wants you to use P₄, not P. Are we expected to know this yet? A2 PERIOD 3 SO DON’T
WORRY

Q31 – How do you do it?

1. a boiling tube is a weird choice for a solid. kinda small

2. use a beaker

3. turn silver carbonate into silver chloride using hydrochloric acid, then this silver chloride (and
the original silver chloride) all dissolve

4. do your standard "filter, wash and dry" if you want all the solid

Q35 – How do you do identify the positive ion and negative ion in Y? YOU KNOW POSITIVE ION IS
BA²⁺, YOU JUST NEED TO REMEMBER THAT Mg(OH)₂ MAKES WHITE PRECIPITATE SO THE
NEGATIVE ION WOULD HAVE TO BE OH⁻

Question pack: 3.2.3 reactions of halide ions.rtf

Q4 – Are we expected to know this? A2 TRANSITION METALS SO DON’T WORRY

Q20 – Which statement isn't true about chlorine+h2o? FORMS ALKALINE SOLUTION

Question pack: uses of chlorine and chlorate.rtf

Q2d – How do you find the mass of potassium iodide using the ionic equation? REMEMBER IT
SAYS MASS OF POTASSIUM IODIDE SO USE MR OF POTASSIUM IODIDE RATHER THAN IODINE
MR. EVEN THOUGH IONIC EQUATION SHOWS IODIDE, IT’S JUST TO SHOW YOU THE MOLAR
RATIOS AND NOT THE MRs

Q4b, Q4c and Q4d – Are we expected to know this? COMPLEX IONS SO DON’T WORRY
Question pack: Group 2.rtf

Q8a - How do you separate aqueous hydrogen peroxide from a mixture? FRACTIONAL
DISTILLATION

Q8c - Why can't infrared spec detect the water in hydrogen peroxide? WATER CONTAINS O-H
BUT SO DOES HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, SO YOU'LL SEE THE O-H AND NOT KNOW IF IT'S FROM
WATER OR JUST FROM THE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

Q12a – After adding excess solid, why filter before adding sulfuric acid? REMOVE EXCESS SOLID
THAT GIVES TOO LARGE MASS

Q12c – Why wash the barium sulfate? REMOVE IMPURITIES

Q13a – Why’s it blue to yellow? JUST MEMORISE IT AS BLUE TO YELLOW

Q13b – Why is Ca(OH)2 not good for a titration? WEAKLY SOLUBLE THEREFORE WEAKLY
ALKALINE THEREFORE ACID NEEDS TO BE DILUTED

Q18c – Why do they expect us to write Mg(OH)₂ when they asked for the reaction with cold
water? Mg(OH)₂ is produced when the water is heated. THAT’S THEIR FAULT DON’T WORRY

Q19 – How do you do it?

Q23b – How do you measure the solubility of calcium sulfate? TAKE KNOWN VOLUME, THEN
EVAPORATE TO GET A MASS THAT YOU CAN WEIGH. MASS/VOLUME (HOW MANY GRAMS PER
DM³) = SOLUBILITY.

Q30 – Do we need to know how to do it? GROUP 2 NOT IN TEST, AND THIS INVOLVES
COMPLEX IONS SO DON’T WORRY

Q31 – Why is calcium + sulfuric acid initially faster than magnesium + hydrochloric acid?
CALCIUM IS MORE REACTIVE, SULFURIC ACID HAS DOUBLE THE H+ IONS BECAUSE H TWO
SO4
Q35 – How do you do it?

Question pack: Group 2 pack 1.rtf

Q2 – Are we expected to know this? GROUP 2 NOT IN TEST, AND THIS INVOLVES COMPLEX
IONS SO DON’T WORRY

Q10c – How do you separate magnesium hydroxide from the reaction mixture, and remove
impurities? VACUUM FILTRATION, AND WASH

Q13aii – How do you separate a mixture of group 2 carbonate and group 2 sulfate? HNO3 +
FILTRATION

Question pack: 3.2.1 periodicity y13.rtf

Q13 – Are we expected to be able to answer this, or is this not taught until Year 13? A2
PERIODICITY SO DON’T WORRY

Q21e – What kind of structure is carbon? MACROMOLECULAR

Q32 – Are we expected to be able to answer this, or is this not taught until Year 13? A2
PERIODICITY SO DON’T WORRY

Question pack: 3.3.1.1 nomenclature.rtf

Q6 – Why is it C and not D? JUST MEMORISE IT FOR NOW

Question pack: 3.1.1.3 Electron configuration.rtf

Q9 – Why is it D? YOU EITHER FILL 4S’S 2 SPACES FIRST AND LOSE 4S FIRST, OR YOU FILL 3D’s
10 SPACES FIRST AND LOSE 3D FIRST. SEE FOR YOURSELF THAT COPPER WOULD BE
3d10/4s1, THEN LOSING ONE LEAVES IT AS 3d10

Q11d – When comparing charge density what should you compare? PROTONS/CHARGE, ION
SIZE, OVERALL CHARGE DENSITY AND ATTRACTION AND METALLIC BONDING

Q14d – Are we expected to know this? A2 PERIODICITY SO DON’T WORRY

Q22a – You’re asked for the electron configuration of a chromium 3+ ion. They take the electrons
from 4s first, but I thought chromium was exempt from that rule…or is that only for chromium
2+? YES YOU’RE RIGHT IT’S ONLY FOR CHROMIUM 2+

Q24c – You’re asked for the Period 3 element with the highest electronegativity value. We know
this to be Ar, but the mark scheme says Cl. Is this something we need to know now, or in Year
13? A2 PERIODICITY SO DON’T WORRY

Q30b and Q30c – How do you ‘count the jumps’ for transition metals e.g. vanadium and
scandium? Vanadium is 3d3/4s2, we see a big jump going to 3p, so from fifth to sixth. scandium
is 3d1/4s2, we see a big jump going to 3p, so from third to fourth

Q30e – How do you do this? Calculate the oxidation state of the vanadium ion?! URGENT - The
Student Room

Question pack: 3.1.1.2 Isotopes and mass mumbers.rtf

Q9b – You’re asked why Kr sometimes has a small peak at m/z=42. The mark scheme says two
electrons are knocked off. Are we expected to know this, or is that old-spec? OLD SPEC

Q19a – Are we expected to do this? It involves carboxylic acids which we haven’t done yet…
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS SO DON’T WORRY

Question pack: 3.1.1.1 Atomic structure fundamental particles.rtf

If asked for the relative mass of an electron, what should we put? Some mark schemes say
1/1800, some say 1/1840, some say anything between 1/1800 to 1/2000…what do the current
spec’s mark schemes say? DO WHATEVER YOU WANT

Question pack: 3.1.10 Equilibrium constant.rtf

Q21a, b, c – How do you do this? FOR 22A, PROPAN-1-OL MOLES = MASS/MR AND MASS IS
DENSITY*VOLUME. FOR 22B, IT’S WEAK SO TITRATE WITH HCl AND FIND MOLES THEN
SUBTRACT FROM ACID MOLES AT EQUILIBRIUM. FOR 22C, ESTER EVAPORATES SO YOU END
UP WITH INCORRECT VALUES TO FIND KC
Question pack: 3.1.2.1 RAM & RMM.rtf

Q2b – Why does the mark scheme allow electron impact ionisation but not electrospray
ionisation? JUST SET ELECTRON IMPACT AS YOUR DEFAULT

Q7d – Why does the mark scheme allow electron impact ionisation but not electrospray
ionisation? JUST SET ELECTRON IMPACT AS YOUR DEFAULT

Q10d – Which isotope gets deflected the most in the mass spectrometer? THE ONE WITH THE
LOWEST M/Z RATIO

Q15c – Why does the mark scheme only let you say “gas leaks out”, and not allow “gas leaks
in”? JUST MEMORISE THIS

Question pack: 3.1.6.1 equilibria and le Chatalier.rtf

Q19b – For the cl2+h2o->hclo+hcl reaction, what happens if you add the cl2 to a ph7+ water? IF
IT'S PH7+ THEN IT'S GOT OH- IONS WHICH THEN REACT WITH THE CL2 REACTION PRODUCT'S
H+ IONS, THEREFORE ACID DEPLETES SO EQUILIBRIUM SHIFTS RIGHT TO MAKE MORE ACID

Q35a – You're given a graph with the reactant conc and product conc for an equilibrium
reaction, when does the reaction reach equilibrium? NOT WHEN THE TWO CONCENTRATIONS
CROSS, BUT WHEN THEY LEVEL OUT

Q29b – You’re asked to draw the skeletal formula of ethyl ethanoate. Should we be able to do
this?

This is what the mark scheme did, but I don’t know why we
have to rotate the bonds like that in step 3. Is there an easier way?

Q29d and 29e – Are we able to do this? I don’t think we can, because we’re not familiar with this
reaction of ethanoic acid and sulfuric acid…

Q34d – How does adding water affect the equilibrium mixture? The mark scheme says both the
reactants and products decrease in concentration, so the equilibrium shifts to the side with
more moles (products side). Normally we don’t discuss the number of moles when explaining
concentration’s effect on equilibrium; we only discuss the number of moles when explaining
pressure’s effect on equilibrium. So, I don’t know why we’re linking moles to concentration this
time. Well it’s to do with Kc – the lowered concentrations will affect the products side more due
to more moles and higher powers in the Kc formula, so Kc has to shift right to fix this.
Question pack: 3.1.2.2 the mole and avogadros constant.rtf

Q26a – They ask why NaBr has a higher melting point than NaI. Is it because iodine has a greater
atomic radius than bromine, so in NaI, iodine ‘pushes’ the ionic bond towards Na, making the
ionic bond more one-sided and therefore easier to break? YES

Question pack: 3.3.5.2 Oxidation of alcohols.rtf

Q20b – Are we expected to be able to form the equation for propane-1,2-diol under reflux? YES

Q10a – Why was the ethanol heated with a water bath? NAKED FLAMES + BUNSEN BURNER
FLAME = FIRE, SO USE WATER BATH TO REDUCE FIRE RISK

Q14d – Explain the pattern in alcohol combustion. EXTRA CH2 THEREFORE ONE MORE C-C
AND TWO MORE C-H BROKEN BUT ALSO ONE MORE MOLE CO2 AND ONE MORE MOLE H2O
FORMED (INCREASE IN BROKEN AND MADE BY A CONSTANT AMOUNT) THEREFORE Y=MX+C

Q16b – Why is bacteria used in the reaction? CATALYST

Question pack: 3.3.3.1 nucleophilic substitution in haloalkanes.rtf

Q7dii – They ask why nucleophilic substitution doesn’t use a carbocation, but I don’t know.
THEY’RE NOT ASKING WHY ONE OCCURS WITH A CARBOCATION AND WHY ONE DOESN’T
OCCUR WITH A CARBOCATION, THEY’RE ASKING WHY ONE OCCURS AND WHY ONE DOESN’T
AND THEY’RE SAYING THE ONE OCCURRING HAPPENS TO USE A CARBOCATION. ANYWAYS
THIS IS EASIER TO ANSWER NOW, THEY BOTH HAVE CARBOCATIONS BUT TERTIARY > PRIMARY
SO THE TERTIARY HAPPENS.

Q32c – They drew a three-carbon chain, with a methyl group on the middle carbon, and an
aldehyde functional group on each end. I drew a four-carbon chain, with a ketone functional
groups on the second and third carbon, is that also allowed? NOT IN TEST

Q32d – How do you do this? JUST ADD TWO C---N’s AND TWO O-H’s TO YOUR ANSWER FROM
32C NOT IN TEST
Question pack: 3.3.4.2 reactions of Alkenes.rtf

Q4a – Define addition. REACTION WHERE TWO MOLECULES FORM ONE MOLECULE

Q13a – The jet space wasn't filled. what's the effect on the titre? TAP'S JET SPACE FILLS BEFORE
LIQUID DELIVERED MEANING LEVEL IN BURETTE FALLS THEREFORE THE MEASURED BURETTE
VOLUME LOST IS GREATER

Q13b – Why were the titres inconsistent? PIPETTE DROP SIZES VARY (THEREFORE
PERCENTAGE ERROR) AND THE DROP SIZES ARE SO SMALL SO THE PERCENTAGE ERROR IS
GREATER

Q13c – How do you make the oil titration more accurate? LARGER SINGLE VOLUME OF OIL,
DISSOLVE, 250, 25CM3 TITRE

Q13d – How do you do this?

Question pack: 3.3.3.2 Elimination reactions of haloalkanes.rtf

Q14b – When asked what kind of isomerism is shown and the answer is E-Z, what else must you
say? GEOMETRICAL

Q19d - How do you do the mechanism without knocking off an entire CH3?

Question pack: 3.3.3.3 ozone depletion haloalkanes.rtf

Q2b – When describing the ozone depletion process, what must you also mention? CL RADICAL
IS A CATALYST SO IT FINDS ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY WITH LOWER ACTIVATION ENERGY AND IS
REGENERATED TO CAUSE CHAIN REACTION, PLUS THERE AREN'T ENOUGH CL RADICALS FOR
THEM TO CANCEL OUT/TERMINATE
Question pack: 3.3.2.2 Modification of alkanes by cracking

Q1b – When saying more surface area = more vdw, what must you also say? THE MOLECULES
ARE MORE CLOSELY PACKED TOGETHER

Q3a – Are we expected to know the crude oil fractions and their boiling points, or is that old
spec? OLD SPEC

For the cracking of hydrocarbons, is the mechanism homolytic fission or heterolytic fission? The
mark scheme for Q3b says homolytic fission, the mark scheme for Q4c says heterolytic fission.
HOMOLYTIC FISSION

Question pack: 3.3.1.2 polymers.rtf

Q30b – How do you do this?

A more general one for polymers…

Question pack: nomenclature.rtf

Q12f – The mark scheme says Cl₂ and then it says Cl-Cl. Do you need to say both? It’s only worth
1 mark so I thought only saying Cl₂ would be fine… YOU’RE FINE

Q33a - How do you draw the skeletal formula of 3-methylbutanal? PUT =O ON THE TOP AND
EXTEND THE LINE FOR THE H

Q35f - Why do stereoisomers form? RESTRICTED ROTATION AROUND C=C AND TWO
DIFFERENT GROUPS TO EACH CARBON IN THE C=C
Question pack: 3.3.6.2 Mass spectroscopy.rtf

Q4e – Confirm the trace gas had both these gases. SAME MR, BUT SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT SO
TWO MOLECULAR ION PEAKS

Q5a – Define molecular ion. THE MOLECULE WITH AN ELECTRON KNOCKED OFF/LOST

Q8a – Why can't mass spec distinguish between two isomers? SAME MOLECULAR FORMULA
AND IDENTICAL MR

Q7d – Are we expected to know this benzene fragmentation stuff? NO

Q10b – Are we expected to know this? We know Tollens’ reagent but we don’t know what
happens when it oxidises an aldehyde… NO

Question pack: 3.3.5.3 elimination reactions of alcohols.rtf

Q1 – How do you do this cyclohexene mechanism question?

Question pack: 3.3.6.1 identification of functional groups.rtf

Q10 – Are we expected to know this? A2 ACYLATION SO NO

Q17b – How do you derive A and B?

Question pack: 3.3.6.3 Infrared spectroscopy.rtf

Q18a – Why don't many glucose molecules in the solid state have the structure shown?
BECAUSE THAT STRUCTURE HAS NO C=O BAND BUT GLUCOSE DOES HAVE A C=O

Q11a – What’s the structure of the tertiary alcohol with C₄H₈O?

Q2b – How do you explain the formation of a nucleophilic substitution mechanism? ONE'S
MORE ELECTRONEGATIVE THAN THE OTHER (ELECTRONEGATIVITY DIFFERENCE), SO PARTIAL
POSITIVE PARTIAL NEGATIVE, SO PARTIAL POSITIVE ATTRACTS LONE PAIR/LONE PAIR ATTACKS
PARTIAL POSITIVE/NUCLEOPHILE DONATES LONE PAIR TO PARTIAL POSITIVE

Q21b – You’re given an infrared spec and asked to deduce no trichloromethane but how? NO C-
H BAND AND BUT TRICHLOROMETHANE DOES HAVE C-H

Q26 – What type of imf do aldehydes have? PERMANENT DIPOLE-DIPOLE

Q29c – Why is a high temperature good and bad for fermentation? GOOD FOR RATE BUT BAD
FOR ENERGY COST AND ENZYME DENATURE
Question pack: 3.3.9.1 carboxylic acids and esters.rtf

Q20 – Are we expected to answer this multiple choice question on vitamin C? NO

Q26e – We’re asked for one compound in biodiesel that’s formed by reacting methanol with the
given vegetable oil structure. Are we expected to be able to answer this? NO

Question pack: Ideal gas equation multi choice.rtf

Q17 – How do you do this?

Question pack: Ideal gas equation.rtf

Q1c – Why was the gas Mr experiment inaccurate? SOME AIR LEAKED INTO THE SYRINGE
THEREFORE VOLUME TOO HIGH = MOLES TOO HIGH = MR TOO LOW

Q1d – What's the safety precaution for the gas Mr experiment? TOXIC VAPOUR SO USE FUME
CUPBOARD

Q7a – 1 mole of nitromethane forms a certain number of moles of gas, and you're given the
equation. what must you remember to do? COMPARE WITH THE MOLES IN THE EQUATION

Q7b – Why can't you use this reaction to remove co2 from a car engine? CAR ENGINE REACTION
SO HOT IT'LL BOIL THIS REACTION, ALSO THIS REACTION MIGHT BE TOO SLOW

Q7e – Why should you mix air with the fuel? HIGHER PROPORTION OF OXYGEN THEREFORE
MORE COMPLETE COMBUSTION

Q20bv – Why is limestone rather than sodium hydroxide used to neutralise acidity in lakes?
ABUNDANT

Q24d – When asked which reaction/stage has the higher atom economy, which do you choose?
THE ONE WITH LESS WASTE PRODUCT

Question pack: Time of flight mass spec word doc

Q1g – What do you do you’re asked to name the ion that reaches the detector first? PUT A PLUS
SIGN ON IT

Q6c – why must atoms be ionised? IONS ARE ACCELERATED AND IONS CREATE CURRENT
Question pack: Yr 12 bonding practice questions.rtf

Q1b – How do you explain the formation of permanent dipole dipole imf? ONE'S MORE
ELECTRONEGATIVE THAN THE OTHER (ELECTRONEGATIVITY DIFFERENCE), SO PARTIAL
POSITIVE PARTIAL NEGATIVE, SO PARTIAL POSITIVE ON ONE ATTRACTED TO PARTIAL NEGATIVE
ON THE OTHER

Question pack: 3.1.5 kinetics.rtf

Q10ciii – Why does the overall equation show this to be a catalyst? ACTS AS INTERMEDIATE,
NOT IN OVERALL AND NOT USED UP AND REGENERATED

Q17d – Why's the handwarmer dangerous? SPITS AND RELEASES CORROSIVE CHEMICALS

Q24b – How do you determine the initial rate of reaction? DO YOUR MEASURING AND PLOT,
BUT ALSO CALCULATE THE SLOPE AKA GRADIENT AT THE BEGINNING

And finally, a more general question…

Suppose a question’s part a) makes you calculate something and you round your answer at the
end.

Suppose that question’s part b) makes you use your answer to part a). Should you use your
rounded answer to part a), or use the unrounded answer from your calculator? ROUNDED
ANSWER TO PART A)
PMT PACKS

How do I figure out the molar ratio of the acid to the alkali? Answer is B MEMORISE IT JUST IN
CASE

The pack this was from: Amount of Substance (Multiple Choice) QP.pdf
(physicsandmathstutor.com)

The mark scheme for the pack: Amount of Substance (Multiple Choice) MS.pdf
(physicsandmathstutor.com)

How do you do this? Answer is B

The pack this was from: Amount of Substance (Multiple Choice) QP.pdf
(physicsandmathstutor.com)

The mark scheme for the pack: Amount of Substance (Multiple Choice) MS.pdf
(physicsandmathstutor.com)
Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 09 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 09 MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

For Q4c) you need to use redox equations to write an overall equation which then gives you the
molar ratio. I’m not sure how to do this, although I’ve done it for similar questions asking about
potassium manganate. JUST HOPE IT DOESN’T COME UP, PROBABLY WON’T SINCE IT
INVOLVES COMPLEX IONS

No idea what’s going on here… Answer is A

The pack this was from: Amount of Substance (Multiple Choice) QP.pdf
(physicsandmathstutor.com)

The mark scheme for the pack: Amount of Substance (Multiple Choice) MS.pdf
(physicsandmathstutor.com)
A ‘guess the compound’ one, like the one just above. Answer is D

The pack this was from: Amount of Substance MCQ QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

The mark scheme for the pack: Amount of Substance MCQ MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)
Part a) is fine but part b) expects you to know the ammonia test. We haven’t done that this year,
but are we expected to know it for our exam because it’s from the GCSE?

Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 04 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 04 MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

OH- ions: 1cm3 sample turns red litmus paper into alkaline blue

NH4+ ions: sample and sodium hydroxide, put tube into water bath and produce fumes that
turn red litmus paper into alkaline blue
Are we able to do any of the parts of Q1 and any of the parts of Q3 on this question pack? These
questions look tough/off-topic… Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 02 QP.pdf
(physicsandmathstutor.com)

Here’s the mark scheme: Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 02 MS.pdf
(physicsandmathstutor.com))

IGNORE QUESTION 1, BUT LEARN THE MARK SCHEME FOR QUESTION 3

Are we able to do any of the parts of Q3 on this question pack? This question looks tough/off-
topic Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 05 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

Here’s the mark scheme: Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 05 MS.pdf
(physicsandmathstutor.com))

NO

Are we able to do any of the parts of Q1 and any of the parts of Q2 on this question pack? These
questions look tough/off-topic… Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 10 QP.pdf
(physicsandmathstutor.com)

In particular I’m wondering if we’re able to do Q1aiv) and Q2d)…

(Mark scheme: Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 10 MS.pdf

(physicsandmathstutor.com))

NO

For this question pack…

Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 12 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

(Mark scheme: Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 12 MS.pdf

(physicsandmathstutor.com))

We’re asked to use Q1b) and Q1c) to do Q1d). How do you use Q1b) and Q1c) to do Q1d)?

USE MOLES=MASS/MR

For this question pack…

Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 13 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

(Mark scheme: Balanced Equations & Associated Calc\'s 13 MS.pdf

(physicsandmathstutor.com))

Do we have the knowledge to get the answer to the last part of Q6? If so, how?

JUST MEMORISE THE MARK SCHEME: THEIR SUGGESTED SOLUTION WOULD REACT WITH
THE HCl
For this question pack…

Application of Hess`s Law 6 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

(Mark scheme: Application of Hess`s Law 6 MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))

Not sure how to do this one… Answer is D

For this question pack…

Kinetics MCQ QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

(Mark scheme: Kinetics MCQ MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))

For Q14, the answer is C – the time taken for the cross to disappear will decrease if you use a
bigger conical flask. I don’t understand why though.

IN THE BIGGER FLASK, THE PRECIPITATE IS SPREAD OUT MORE, SO IT TAKES LONGER TO
BUILD A THICK ENOUGH LAYER THAT BLOCKS OUT THE X.
For this question pack…

Chemical Equilibria QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

(Mark scheme: Chemical Equilibria MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))

Should we be able to do Q4b)? It asks us to deduce the structure of the diester. NO

For this question pack…

Oxidation, Reduction & Redox eqns 3 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

(Mark scheme: Oxidation, Reduction & Redox eqns 3 MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))

Q4 asks you to write an electrolysis equation, could we be expected to do that in our exam since
it’s from GCSE? YES

For this question pack…

Group 7 the Halogens QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

(Mark scheme: Group 7 the Halogens MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))

Q5d) asks you to find the moles of AgI. Q5e) asks you to use that to find the moles and mass of
NaI. It turns out the AgI:NaI ratio is a 1:1 ratio. How do we know it’s a 1:1 ratio? JUST LEARN IT
For this question pack…

Alkenes QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

(Mark scheme: Alkenes MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))

Do we know the reaction/mechanism for Q2a)? If so, what reaction is it?

NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION (FEELS HARDER TO SPOT BECAUSE OF THE COMPOUND’S

COMPLEX IUPAC NAME, BUT JUST LOOK AT THE REAGENT AND YOU’LL KNOW BECAUSE THE
REAGENT IS DILUTE NAOH WHICH IS FOR NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION)

For this question pack…

Addition Polymers 1 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

(Mark scheme: Addition Polymers 1 MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))

Do we know how to do Q1b)? If so, how do we derive the two original reactants?

NO

For this question pack…

Alcohols QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

(Mark scheme: Alcohols MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))

Do we need to know what ‘phenyl’ in ‘1-phenylethanol’ means? Answer is C

NO AS IT HAS A RING

For this question pack…

Organic Analysis QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

(Mark scheme: Organic Analysis MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))

For Q3a), I know Q, R and S react with acidified potassium dichromate(VI) since they’re primary
or secondary alcohols…the mark scheme agrees, but also says that T (an aldehyde) can react
with acidified potassium dichromate(VI), and I don’t know why.

YES, BUT ALSO REMEMBER THAT ALDEHYDES CAN BE OXIDISED INTO CARBOYXLIC ACIDS!
For this question pack…

Alcohols QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

(Mark scheme: Alcohols MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))

Why can’t some alcohols be dehydrated? Answer is B

For this question pack…

Elimination 1 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

(Mark scheme: Elimination 1 MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))

Same thing here, why can’t some alcohols be dehydrated?

For this question pack…

Elimination 1 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

(Mark scheme: Elimination 1 MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))

For this question pack…

The Mole & Avogadro Constant 2 QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

(Mark scheme: The Mole & Avogadro Constant 2 MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))

Q2 is long but here’s how you do it

For this question pack…

Alcohols QP.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com)

(Mark scheme: Alcohols MS.pdf (physicsandmathstutor.com))

Q9c) Neutralises the phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid catalyst

Q9d) Prevents pressure build-up

Q9e) Doesn’t react with the cyclohexene

JUNE 2018 QP 1

JUNE 2020 QP 1
JUNE 2022 QP 1