: PRESSI ( HERSON )

YAK 68'7.1l. Oi 2

ell II 11 1 P. [1, l( oll c r pY llp o lla ll lle r,l y iKc Ko ii O;\c ;-v. ;lI J 11 :1
<pll r y p l,1 C 01 K .~ O llell mIMII. H ,l.'l ·ll() ,,: I en,a ll II!IJ.YCT p 115l»,
I!)7I. 14·\ crp ., H l p all' 52000 ) 1\:1., n ella '1-1 xon
B 1\1 1111" .'In11 1,1 ,·.IIO'·O UIoI on pc.i c.t c uu n OCOOl' Ii IiOC re ft
l' <:,10 C: iOil, e Il Il H, II:D te ile ll llH ' lc ]Jn'il\ cii xo uc r pytcunf II . IC·
1" 1:1, 113.1 0iK CIi ~ Iero ;'l 1I0 CTP OCIIIIH 'l Cp TCil(e ii , ziauo orut ca ­
uue ~ lo .'le.' llIpO lJ a Il Il H II 1\0 11 1.: rpy upouauua ~ IYil\ C l\ o i'i BC'P XlIC II
O,'l Cil,;l bl 11:1 '!Jltrypbl c OTI\ : IOIICIIIII D IIl II OC<J III\C II I'C ,11JC.~Il··
»ccunu.
T e l\ CT COll p u lJO ilQa e TCn co o T lJe T n B Y lo lll l l ~ 1 1 1 'l e p Te il,a ·
:-11 1, .1CKa .'l<I:.11l It Pl lc YIII\inll l.
Kuura HlJ:l lleT c H Ilpa KT ItI\c r l, m : VYIW lJOil CTBO:1l :1.' 11 :W ,
l,p oi' i1lll li ,OIl a T C : Il, '~ ro p o na II c e: l bc'l\o i'1 \ i CC Tl ll h :T1I, yqa·
1I111 XCli !(y p COll 1I0 1l101l 11 CIIIIH l\ l\a ,lIll)l l1l\a ll ll ll. p a Ol1rlll ilWB
II It: lI l11lt:l va.u .n o ro lI'l r OTIJIl.'lell llH ll.ll'iK.l LI,
1'1IC)··IIl\o1l 103 , 6I1o.1I1orpa ll))I u 13 n a m auu fl.
P c uc m cu r C OI; (i ,W U(l 1'. fl.
3-16 - - 3
55- 71
OnPE)l.EJl EH H E OCOEE H H OCT EH TE JlOCJlO)KEH H51
LJEJlOBE KA nP HMEHHTEJl b HO K KOHCT PY H POBAH H IO
0)]. E)K)].b I
LI.:IH np ann.n.nou IIOCa Jl}": JI na.re.um n a rpnryp c IICOOXO ;Uf:I,lO n p n
KOIICT PY ll PO Bd HI1II O; ICi r..:;:LhI Y1IIIT hllJaTb OCHOI3lIb l e pasxrcpu II q)QpMbl
dnr rypu . a ra roic e ocaux y II .npcnopunu rena lfe. 1I 0 BCK3 .
Ocani:o. 0 0 ;1, oca nxof no.tpaayxtcnaior CcrCCTBCIIH OC IIOJIO)K eII HC
TC: ICl YC:IO BC Ka BO Bp C' I R n OK0 51 II ;( Bl Ii I": CIII1R . B :J<I ll llC m IOC TII UT
IlO .1 U)r..: CIJll H xopn vca ( , I CP KCl Il x) , xapaxrcp nayroiucro ocaux y ' ICJIO ·
IlCKCl , P Cl :J:I IIIICIIOT qllI r y pbl Jl Op ,JCl JlbIIbIC (O K = 7 , 5 ± 1) , cyr y.ru e
( OK =!J C II II 0 0 .1\..'(') II IICP CrIlOJl CTbl C ( OK =6 C.1l II ~ICll C C) . Tnnu
(IHI ryp xa p aI\T Cp H:Jy Io TCR B 3 IIa 'IIITC.'J bII Oii ,I epe cr pocu ne» n 0 3110 ­
IIUlf l II IK<t , cr enci n.ro oro H3 f'II OOB Il rp y.u roxi II n OHCIIH'I IIO,1 o rnc.r a x .
ll a oca uxy (]lIl rypbl Kp O,I C cr POCl IIIR n 0 3B OJlO'IHHK Cl OO.'I!>IllOC
B:lI IJI IIIIC oxa xu nae r cre rie.ts Bhl cT ynallllH : 1On a TOK, rpynn, )IOIB OTa ,
cre nei n, pa :JHllr lIR xu-runt II il\ fl p oor: IOI KCII IIH, nO .TJO )l\C IIllC n JIC'leB OfO
IIOR ca , T (J :" 1, py r..: II nor.
Y , Iy ii, lfll il e uop u a.m-no ii OCCI IIIW i'1 C]JI1r yp bl (p uc. I ,a ) cnnna 11
r p yn b y , ICp C IIIl U BhIIlYK i IhI, nuc xnca ra .um (B T) CO cr opouu cnnnu
II Bhl CTYII HfO .ll. I1U, npnn epno panuu . >1(11 BOT, COCT a BJIHH n " a BHOC
npono.nacenue rpynu, IIIDKe .TJ III IH H T a JlI1H cne r xa BbID.a eTC}] nne pcn ,
Y , Iyil": l I11 11 C CYTy.l0fI oca uxon r!lllry p bl (pu c, 1,6 ) emma oOJlc e
1J30 r 1lYT<I na san, 'IaCT O oxpyr .no-nu nyio rof ( 1)O P ~ Ibl , 1I YBe m 14 e Ha n o
p asxr epy, OCU6 CII IIO no .1.1 I1HC. Fp ym, npn :iT O, 1 nna.ta a, .!L1J 11 I1a nc­
pen a no !I HII IJIJ TamlIl yxieusurena. Bu exrxa T a JJII Il II nucryn HrO,ll1lI1
xicm.urc, ' IC,I Y cPll ryp C nopu ansn ori oca uxon, a )I": }]l.lOT cuns uee Bbl .
n acr e» BII epeD..
y , 1)' i K'I 1I1I C I1CP Cf II 6 IICTOll OC<lII1\Ofl <!m rYPbl ( p IIC . 1,6) c n H H3
Oo.r ec uun paxt.neua ll : l ll OTK: IO IICII <I Ha 3<1 n, r py n s npn sro» 6 0 Jl e e
p a s a ep ny r a II npuno.n ra r a, ;l m l Il a nepena no JIII Hl III r anun y nenn ­
LJ CIJi1, nu exixa Ta.'!1l 1J II su crv n nrozmu n o cp asn eu mo c Hop :\l a JIb lIOH
<llIl rY P OlI ya cnnuen u , }KIJBOT nucr ynacr na ypOBHC .TJ HH II H TaJIH H,
KII H3\' 0 11 BHIH VT.
J1'3 ,r ell e I-III R- I10 .'!Q)Ke Il I1R, p a av ep on Ii rpop» TeJI a B 3 a BHCH:YIO CTH

3
 Il P II C Y l' y.1 0 ii ¢ 11 r y p e ( CM . pu c . 1, 6) r o-rxa 0' cue ura er ca
0 1' 02 3 11 1'11 cxexi a 1Il'lCCKiI noxaaa uu nep n u ca.n. uu xn , II rOp1l 3011­ n CCKo .1 b1\0 s n paao no np51MOll AI11 (T 04Ka 0 2 ) , T04Ka 01'- aneno no
Ta .1bHbl~IJ I .1I IHH5Dlll na p il e . I. ~\ \ e 'I\ .J.Y -'l.BY.\I51 BepnIKa.lb llbl.\ lll rino ­ ll :; lD lO ii rr , (ro ux a O ~ ,), TOlJ Ka 0 1, - B,/JeB2 O (T04Ka O ~) Ii T O'l Ka Oa
C KOC T 51 ~HI B N II BIH I 1l3 06pall\CHbl Tp H CH.1Y3Ta . 0 P 0 .J.O.rIb ll a 51 OCb Iln Da BO (T OlJK a O~ ) . COe~I1I15151 TOllKIl 0 , 0 ~ " O ~, 0 ~ ncnyu aio r
001 , .lle.1 51 w. a H npH .\IYIO BS l non o.i axi, HB.l51CTC51 YC.'IOIl Il Oii .lJli llll ei·1
Kp HBy lO, COOTB CT CTBy IOW.YIO no.roaceuuio Te .1 3 . Cnnu a npn 3T O~1 na
e e lJeHII51 TC.lJa lPP OHT3 .lJb HOf! ,1I.l 0 CKOCTbI0 , a .1 HIlHIl AA" l , TT l rr YP OUfJe .'10 n a T OK Ilp 1l'I-I H\laCT oonee 11 3 0rl-lYT o e naaan 1l0.TJ0:>K e HHe
II EE l .llCJI51 T cjHIrypy no xoncrp yxrus uuv noscaxi na YP OB lIH X oc­
r:OB aHHH well , 0 6 xBa To13 rpynn , r annn H cenep ,
=
(Fl K 9,5 C.lt) . TO lJK3 F KaK 6bI nepe MeLIL 3 C1'C51 an epx II IlHII3 no
IlpHMOi'1 BH (rl H P), YBe.IJl1lJ IIIla51 na yro,n nepe u eui en nn Jl,.lJHlIY
B II {/ cnunu .
llm1J!a c m III LI B OCI-IOB llo\] YI3 C,1 1l1IlIB 3C 1'CH B 06 : I<1 CTI1 .lJOna1'OK .
Bu exnca ra.nun vxr en suia crcn (BT = 3 ,5 C.lI ) , ,,'111 11 11 $1 Hr OJl,HU yxop a ­
unaae rcst (T Olm a E,) 11 Hr O,J,IIULI y n .10 Ul-a IOTC51.
Il o .TJl1 1l1l11 n cpC JI-3 BCC 3TH 1I3.\I CHCHIIH np OIiCX O}l,HT B 0 6 p a 1' 1I0 ~1
I10p 5Ul,Ke .
/I
Il p n uc p c r n o n c r o n ljl llr yp c (c» . puc. 1,6) ace 31' 11
r. VI I /1 \ I mxr euenu u npJ IJIIDl alOT np 0 1'I1BOil O.1 0 iK II1>I i'1 xa pa x r cp no cp a s ne n m o
c cyrynoii (jmr ypoiL
Y l!llIryp p a 3 11 000KlIX nee 3TIl 1l3.\I ClI CIIIH1 I1P OlI CX O ~ 51 1' 13 IIp al3 0 ­
ua npa na c nu nx.
.1 C ll O~1

Cxcxi a nO JlOiKCIIl151 .1 1-l 1ll111 I1PO JlO.lbIl Oii OCH 1'CJI <I II .1 II H11 11 rp yna,
ra.t un, ()e ilCP, OCII013a Il HH in e n 13 3 ClFl llc m l OCTU 0 '1' rp ex OCIIOBHblX
TlInO B oc au xn (!Hlr y pbl ' l C.TJ O!lC' K3 HB.'I5Ie rC SI BaiK ll],1\1 op ne urn po a
11 pn KOiI CTP YH pona IIlIll O ~eil( 11,bl II a cjllIl' ypLI C OT K,/J OlleIl HH:'IIf , B OCa ­
OCII IIOCTII II pn I\OP p CKTH pona 1111 11 OCl 3 0 £lbIX .'[ CI( a " H3 ra xne <jlll rypu,
P a 3p C3CJ 51 .'1CKa ,1lO n a 0IlP C !lC.1 C IJ II 0~ 1 y lJ3 CTKC, C 0 ,U.1I0 i'l cr opcn u I-lX
pa 3 13 0 ; UI. C np yrof lIil K.'lCl;I.blB<l5I .tpyr na np yr a H.TJH I1X ncpc.nnn-an,
n o n y4 8101' KOIICTPYKI1,H10 II COO1'UCTCTI3I111 C fl O JIO /I\ C IIIl-e ~1 II (llO p ~lO rl
H 1 , va ' ~n .V~ --I4 tt TC:I<I.
Oca uxa ljmr YP 1>I 3 3 BlI CIIT TaK ,I( C 0 1' ·13 bICOT bl I1: Ie lJ (1311 _.- paa­
P ile. J. Tp u 0 ('11 0 13 11 1>1-' I'IInn O('i1 I1I(Jf MYiI\CIW i", ¢ltl'yp bl : nocn. YP OBlIei'I O~ THC T o ro o rpO CTK3 C C llb~IOI" O III cfruor o n0 3 BOI-! Ka )
n- lIl1 n.\ I :I.'H. Il :JH , (j e~ "f ~· . ' ;,} ~I . fI Jlt.l'v rJ l(o llCT ,U I I 1I.1ClJCll Oi'1 TOllJ(II , Il ,1C IlI 13 3ClBHCIHI OC1'H 0'1' IlLICOTbI I1Pl1Jl51TO pas ­
'
JI- C,'J 51 T1> ua 1I 0 P ~ J(j,;I bll lJ I C - ·n p ll p a 3 1'OCTlI YjJOBIICii 7 ±O,75 CII, na
C OC;UI IHI H T0 1IK'y' A (C l: ;l- b .\IOj'j W Ci" : lbl i'j n0 3J) (j T]OK) C T(llJ KOii A l 1111 3KH C - l lp ll P3 3 1IOCTlI y p onn ef 8,5 ± O. 7 5 CII, II 13 lJICOKHC - np "
(51 p C.\lII a 51 BLlp C3 Ka ) , 1I0 : IY'laIOT ,1 11H1I10 OC1Io n a ll lI51 lII CIl . rI P Il IICP C­ pa 3110 CTiI v pon nc u 5,5 ±O ,7 5 C.ll. -l a rr o HCTPC l l<1 fOTCSI cjlH r ypbl, y
ceueunu np H.\l bI X: DO, C All 1 11O.'1)' lJaI OT T OlJKY Q' , UO J C Fl, _ KOTO pbl X n.n cun IICOil l111 axo noii 131>I C01' 1>1 H IIC 0 ;1 11 11 <1 K0 130r O n O.lJO IKC­
TOlJ KY Or, DO , C 1'7'1 - TO' ll-:y OT, D O l c [; E I - TOlj KY 0 ". t lIlH _ . 11 0 13 epllYT bIC nnepcn 11,111 pas ucpnyr u e nasan. Ecnu T1 .1ClJll no .
n p 11 11 0 P .\I il : 1 [, II (J i'l (11 II I' Y P C t o !. p IIC. La) : l il Il HH OCII rlCP Il YTh I nncpcn, 0 6 1>1'11-1 0 00 pa 3Y I0 r C51 nna nnn u Il OO.lJaCHI K.1IOlJHll.
0 0 1 p a CIl O.'1a ra Cr C51 nep ruxa. n.n o, a r OjJ H3 0 1lTa .l blI LIC .1 1111 11 11 F r i. C Ka TbI n .1 C' 1 lJa CTO 01>IBalOT IICPO BlILI .\11I H ll eO JI II ll aKO B bl ~I lI no (jl op ­
TTl II EE , - II CP II NI !U f l( ~ ':n/p l' O K II di . J3Lln y n ;:l IOw. HC '1' 011/\1' CII IIII I>/ .\IC. Il .l e 'JII Ob 18<1 101' W Il P OI\lD I Il II Y3 1\1D III , o x pyrvi uxm Il yrvro na ­
pa cno.r oacenu 11(1 /.;a CCl Te .lf b l!o ii !( n jJl I:I!o ii 8 11, uucry na xn u uo TO'l I·;1I T1>l\ilI.
lJ r O,i.U1n IICCKO:II> l\ O y : ta : 1C " I>' OT li c e . J7P 0I1 0 Pl(lIl/ re.ia. Bo.n.nioe 3 1,(llJ (' IIl IC npn ~I O ~lC ! llIpO B a l ll l ll II KOH­
II p II :.[ C lJ a II Il l ' , B Jlp a l': r HI( C ~ n l\pl) j'tlI l1 J1 ;()ll rlJlJry pv n p n nsr o C' ll l r ,n b 1I0P ­ c r p y n P OBil 11 1111 Inl e c r OUp C;W .le IIIIC n p OIl Op UlI ii r e n a .
M iI .1b Il Oi i , 1\0r;lil nsrcrvu uiouu«: 1'0 '11, 11 Ll ll : llbi II lI r u; tII l( P ;1l 1l 0 .1 (J ~I ; ~ II J, 1 1l:I o .i u on Il on IJp OIJOP IlII 51 .\11I r e.ra n o n p a s y n e u a e r c n coor nonrenue p aa xie ..
r1P }D IOi i.
P 0 13 OTlI- C.'l b ll!>l X u a cr cii rc .ta . l L:IlI .\IOJI- C:lll p o Ba IlII H 11 lW IICT PY II P O­
Pa CC I'OHllll C 01' TOlJl( 11 A ; 1,0 Ilp ln l o ii BH ( n o .io.x e u n e xop n y c a ) n a: 1l15I O :~C, l( ilb l o c o o oc 3J1a 1ICIl HC n xieer COO1'IJO!ll CIIII C p OCTa 1I o c­
p a n n o 7,5 ± 1 (.11, a p aC CT0 51Il!l C OT TOIIKll T ;1,0 II p 5I ~lO ii BfJ ( u si cxnca 1l0 BIIOr o pa a xiepa - o ri xa a r a r py.ut , COOTllO WCIJl le .\ICil( ;l, Y 0 6 x Ba­
Ta .11111 - BT) p an uo '1,5 5 C.lI .
5
4
 ]\ .l OI ICi l I1l1 n Il p on o p UH lI X rjJllr y p bl 3 a K a3 l[ lI K a . 4 e .TJ Oll e K y He Ubl·COK o r o
ra vn rpY .1II , ra.r un, 6 c ; Lcp II uien, \ IC'K.l)' nm punof cruniu II rpy m ,
III II pu !l o i\ nne -r 11 6 c : Ll'p, .1.'1II1 10 i'I Ty,l 0 !311 uia II xoueuuo cr cf (pyx II
p o n a . I\ Ope naCTO\IY ne P CK O\\ CIDy eT c H lI a .:l b T O C l lIlU JW :Vl KOpOTKoe

1I0 r ) , : L.1II ' 10I'i .1 0 T3 .111 Jl II P OCTO\I : coorn otueuue \ I C, K ; lY p ,13 11 hl \ 1l 1

II CB00 0.1 11 0i'\ cl)Qp\1bI. LJC.10 Dt' K Y C Y 3 1\1l\H l II Il 1I31\1I \1 II n .1 C t[ <I ~i II II K
TO\I Y i K C D hl C1Yf1 a IO llJ.H ~1 1 1 f) C' ,lp a\IH H:! II lIrO,'illu a:"111 li e C.1C;lY CT
yuacr xaxnr r e.ra ncpe n a I I cnnuu I I T. n .
II OCIll b na . n- r o n o x p os p e r .i a H 1I: 1lI 1I0 .1 yp e r.'l a ll , ra 1\ K 3 1( n O.l 0 t !' ClI ll e
Y C:I 0 13 11 0 nponopuuoua.u.uof \ ly , K'Ci', o i'l ljw r yp o ii n p H HlI TO CtI lI ­
r a n, q1Hr yp y 50 paaxrepa CPC ;U k i'1 n o .t uor u IV p o cr a (173 C.1/ 6c3 ru a o n p c r ,lil iia e rne OO: I CC Cy,l, a cT n ,lC' l[ 11. C C.11I II.1 C1lll l lllIpOKII C, II C
p l' hO \l e lLrYIOT CH 1I3 J.C.1 I1H n OKp 0 51 I\ll ~ I O H O , T 3 K I, a l\ oT c yI'CT I311C IImO B
l\ \ cp Ka
l[ i1 ~TII
06YBIl). 11 0 .1y o o :\ 8 3 T a T3 .11l1I, ( " lI T a n no o e.lb lo , .1. 0 .1 1l' H<I
B :l Cp X Ht' i"1 npo i'I.\lbl 1\ID I 0 1l0 C03 .1 a CT Bll el['!T .1 CII II C CllLC OO.l e l'
6 bITb xte ut.utc \ ICPIOI 110 .1 ~'0 0 X B(lTa r p YJ.1I u a 8 C.l t, \ lC pi\ a n o .i y o o­
X BHTCl De fl Cr ,1 0 : 1, 1, 11<1 n p c uuu: art, \ I CpK)' no.1 Y OOX Ba T il r pyn n na 11 111 [)(.J!\ l l :\ 1I:I C1[,
1.5---2 C.lI ; xiepx a um punu rp v.m . i o .r a c n a ObITb \ iC llb Ul e \1 C'P1\1I
unm m n » e ll II II h i I I Cl 0 , 5 C.lI ; :I, lIl HCl CIII I H bl :[0 : llN l lI II T3 : 11l11 COCTCl !3­
CH51TI1E MEPOK ,ll.J151 KO HCTPYHPOBAIHUl onsx nu
.1'1 11 (;1' np u xi c p u o 0 ,2 5 po c ra .
G" , K 11 bl ;\111 11 01\ ,1J(l r C\ 'H I \111, X , I Pa KT CP 113 YIO ULII \ 111 II po no P I LllO 'I<I . 1b ­
1l0CTb1 C.lil , lIB:l ll IOTClI r a x»;e n on ep cuu u c , n c p Ci11111e 1I s a.u tne :1 1I a ­ Tui a r C.'l h HOC CHlITlI C \ IC pOK . C B OC B P C~I C lI ll ()e B bl H B.1 C1l1le 0 ;:06 e11 ­

xi crpu (p lJl" yphl. Flponopun oua.n .uoii (jllI r y poii c u u r a c r c n T3 1\il 51 . y 1I0 CTCi'1 rjm r y p bl J 3 ]«1 '3'lIll\<1 ,1i1 CT B03~ 1 0,1,11 0 CTb 01lpC .1.C.l 1ITb r .t <1 BHOC

KOTOp o i'1 .1 113 \ [ CT P n.n cucnof 06 . l r' CTII ( n p OCK UII OJlIl OC P3 CCT 05111IlC
11 KO iI CTP Y IO.l11ll - 03 .1 (( I I C, C11.1 Y3 T , OC11011 llble 3 .1 e ~l e ilThI C]la COH a
M CIl, ;lV n a nri o .rc c llhl CTV !WIOIJUI\111 ro u x avu r ; LC:l b TOillU II I>I X xnsun n )
13:1e. I!1 l1 11 r CIU aTh 3'10 B n p o u e c c e npucsia 3 i11\3 3 a , 113 3 <1 !, P O i'11l 0 ~ I
'
n p e m .u u ac r I I ;] 10 C.lI ilOnCp l:lJ oIbli'l ; L!I ,D I CT p Ty.I OBIJ wa na y po n u e CT O.'l e , a Il l' BO Bpe :<IH 1IP11\I CP1\l1,
;\'\ CpK II . npnuu ruc ;1.1 71 T1I 11 0 Bhl '\ 11111ryp , ne n c cr.ia Ol,IBalOT ;10 ­
OK py , K I I OCTI I lIrO )lH LL I I nori cp cunuf . LIl 8 \ I..:T P .1 1l1l1J 1I T8 .1 1111 na G­
CTaT01[ lI bl : L'I H 11 bIH lJ:lOlI llH O': OOE'l1IIOC TCi'J TC .TJOC: I0,I\CIIII1I T Oi'I }U I II
7 c.'! xrem.m c n o n e p e n n o r o Jl!I il \l CT p a Oi'; P Yil\ HOCTlI II <I yp c nn e n ro .u i n .
u uo n Ollp e :J.C JIC IlI IO i'J cjm r ) phI. l-l a upu xrep. ~ lepK<1 1l0 n y o o x B aT <1 T am p!
Fl pon op n uoua.n .u o C:I O,I,l' Jl l l b l \ I H C 1II I T a lf )T C51 1'8 IOI\ C r]l " r yp bl
( C T) ll C \1 0,K e T 011PC : LC .l llTh n e .111 11l lll y 1ICJ 51 Cl l llll ll or o 1\3 r 1l6 3, 33 rjll1K ­
MCllbllllJX II OOJlbll.l ll X paaxiep ou Il p o c r o n , eCl il II X p cl l :1lCpbl COOT­
c u p o n an, Bl ,! c r y n a ro IlLlIi'1 11 : 111 Bl l c1.1 hl i'1 , I\1 I 13 0 T; \J e p l' 3 nO.Jlyo6XBa-ra
Be T C T I3 ~ 10 1' COpU J \ I CP 1IOCTH\1 OT; LC.1 b ll bIX l Ianci'! rc.ra YC.10B II O npo
5l'.1Cp ( CO ) I I C o n p et c .tncr n 1 0 , KI1C 11.:111 nhlCTyn3IolLllI C Hr 0 11IlLlbl ,
n o p u n o n a .t s u o ii r]Jllr y ,pbl . ua npnxic p, (!JHr ypbJ 48 -ro p a a xi c p a I [I p o ­
CT a , 52 -1'0 pa 3 \ICp ,1 V po c r a JI 1', 11.
n.1 0 C1\lI C n. i n 1\PYTbI C OC: lPa . Flpu 0 .1Il1 1X 11 lCX ,I,C ~l epKClX - nnnnu
cn uu u .10 ,1111 11 11 11 r a .u n : (n TC ) !l .' LJlll ll hl n c p c .t a :1 0 JlI1 llH II T 3 J1I1I1
0 .1.11 8 K O .TJ IOi1 11 , 11.\l C' IOIlLl I C II p :1Il 0 p l ll I OIl ' 1.1 b Il OC C.1 0 ' KC II I I C II JlOP­
(nTn ) - (j lO P \ lhl c n n u u 1\ n cpc.ia vrorvr ObITb PCl3 HhlYlJI . n 0 3T OM Y
:'lilJl bHY IO o can xy, l ie n a cr e oo pa u ta ror cn K Y C TJ ynl\ 1 <II'C.TJ b l'.
npu onp c1c.1 CHlIll I'C.l0C.10'K ClI illI Ha ll oo ,lCl' C.1 0 ' K ll hI X C!lIlryp aax po ii ­
4 alH C n c ero K c r o y cn y r a x: 06p<1 11la IOT C5J mO.LLII, uxtetoumc OTI,:IO­
IIL IIK )' npIIX O:l1lTCH OblTh OLJ Cllb Il lll-I\ l alC.TJhllblYl , o coti cu uo pa CC;:'I<1T­
lieH Bff Il Te .10CJIO/l, ellllH: uccopaaxrcpuu e no POCTY II 110.TJ HOTe, no ! L.TJ lJ­ 1ICU
pllB311 rjlll rypy B n pOC!l H .'l b . B lIC OOXO ; IIl\lhlX CJIY IX 118.10 CIIH \ la Tb
lie T)'.lOI3I1J1(a 11 KOIJC11l10 CTCi i, C a C IJ~ I\ ICT p llei1 rena II T. 11.
Ha noo.n.uree KO.1 COCl IIIJC II np o ri o puunx TC:I3 n a o .n o .i acrc u B p a s ­ JLo n O.l lll I Tl': l h ll hI C \ ICPI\I I.
M Cp <1 X OOX rHITOB r a .m u H OC; l CP 110 OTl IO II I CIl IlIO J, 06XB clTy r p y .u: II
!l.lH 5 0.1l'C TO LJ IIO rO cnn m » \ !C POK LITC II i h ,f[ 11 .\ f e p 0 l< BhTCOThI

l\l e Il C'l Y OOX!l <1 T, l\I H rann n II Ol' ;1Cr . •Qa'l\C' 13 CPC :U 1E'\1 Tl IIIO !1O\ I 5 0-0 .\1
3 a :I Hc i'\ 11 Il c p e ':lll c ii npou » n plI \I CIIHlOT rlO n OJ1lI Il TC.TJ h I IO K cau r uxie r­
p OB Oi'I .-[ CI ITC ), 3K)' 10 P C.:ll IIl I\Y : 1:l lltlO rt 1- 1 , 5 .11, xoropo it 1\I 0,KIIO onos ­
pasxrepc p a an nua Il lI 3 ~I C p e l l II>1X u o .iy o o x u a r a Ta .1 1I1i n o OT I JOlllC lI JI IO
CClTb I]Jmypy 11 0 .un um T3.1 1111 II r py nn . Ll Jlff nsv cp cnun n OJlO , I, C­
K nonyorixuar y rp y lU I K CM CO: l e TCH B upe.ic.iax 5 - 1 I C.lI, 3 B x p yn­
1I1 1H icopn yc a . Bl'.1HtIHlI bl B bI C\I1\ l1 1'<1.1] 1-111 II Bb l cT y na lO w,Hx TO l[ CK n ro ­
n u x paaxrcpax O' l e ll b OO.'lh ll IO ii no.uroru 00XB3 T ra .u m J aLJil CT V IO
s ua -u rre.u.no II p e nuu: a CT OOX B<1 T rp y ,1.H . Y ' lI lT h! Ba l l T3 KOC p e 3 J~ O C
.i u u \ IO , K II O npll ~l l'IIIHb Call Tll\ l CTPOIlY IO n c ury C n O,TJ, BCW ClI '!l bIM K

x o n c o ann e Il co o r n o u re n u u 3T IlX pa 3\lcIJOB , B W K a Jl l' nITIOpa3~ lepo­

llcii rpy aoxi ( pu c. 2). Ll: l}l np o u c .tcnus np o exunounux Il 3 \ ICP l' ­
l lI Jii _ nO .lO ' I,eHllH l\O pny ca , B ble \ l l\ll T a :lll II H np . - - \10)!<H0 peKo~icH ­
pOCTOIl J1 ,1 ff il l a c c o n Or o ll .:lrOTOB.l l'llll51 o :le/l\ .1.bl Obill BllCj],CIl nO llo.'l ­
i1 0 Ba T b KO\16 I1fl ll POB ilI11lYlO .1Hll ei'IKY (pH C. 3 ) , pa 3 paooTaHllY l0 3B ­
IIH TC: l b ll blii lIpH 3ilaK - 1I0.1 IIOT ' \. C o r :w ello 3TO ii IIlKa :l e O.lC'K ;W
JVI51 \I Y /I(lJ lI lI :1 0 m K 113 :to fiG - r o p 3 3 .\ I Cp a 11 3r OTOB.1HTbClI no Tp e\1
TO pO :"1 COB\ l eC Tl I O C i\OHCTPYKTO PO \ 1 Uj-[HHWn H. 1\. H a p 5 e­

1l0.TJI IO T,nl, i1 OT 56-r o I I fl hl l ll C' - lI O ll CTblp e :v\. P iJ3 1llllL 3 n II O:I I I OHI X 1\0 Bbl \1.
K O:V! Oll ll ll p OB a lIH 3 ~1 ,1II Hei'IK Cl npC ;1CTa Il.TJH CTCOOOJO .le peFlH f1l1bl t"l
0 0 hl 1ll l 0 CEl H3<1 l l il C 1303pa CTO\l. 1 1.1 H ~ I O :IO .lC /I'!1 xapaKT cpllbl Oo.le c
( n n a c nI 3 'c coBbli'l) y r o.1 bIl ll K , l la Bl ly TpCllll l1X Kp O:"I K a x K OTop or o 'l1a­
T OH K,HI '1"(1: 11151 , Donec Y 3K Il l' DC JLpa , nJlH m O;I ci'1 CTapw e ro B03 pa ­
lIe Ce 11 3 W K <1 ,TJ a 1 (pll C. 3 ) C \ I H,'IJ1ID lel'pOB bl M I1 1l.C.TJellllH \ IH . H all­
e ra - yB e JI IJl!CH ll hl e OOXB,lTbl T a ,11ll 1 Il OelI.e p .
3 a .na lJ3 3 a K po i i lll,H K 3 COCTOIIT 13 1'0\1, llTOObl , 1l0 .1. 0 H p a ll COOTB CT ­
OO.'lbW illl p ci'I K il 2 y ron b llH KC:l Il\l eeT )lmllly 50 O t. n o ,'I. n pHM bl\1

CT BYIOIU Il i'1 Cil .'l y 3 I' II cjJaC OlI II 31rC.l II H , CK p bl T b n o B03 \ IOIKHO CTII 01' ­
yr.l0 ~ 1 K H eii ,KeCTKO Kp e n HT \I CII bW YIO p ei'I K y 3 )l.TJ ll HOt"1 20 - 2 5 C.11.

G 7
 H 3 JVI HHHYIO pcfix y Ha g e l' ~ leTa,1.'l11 4eC K H il .'wo fnlO i'l n OJ13 y H 4,
KOTOpbIii CB0 60,'l!1I0 ~IO )K e T n o Hc ii nepexr eutan- cs . 0 0 ,1 0 ;.I, e HHe n OJI ­
3Y H3 n a p eiix e {!m KcHp y e TC51 n p 1DKID lllbl\1 DHHTO~1 5. B 6 0 KODOii n a s
no.iayna ncrann ena peinca 6 .'I}IH HOi'1 20-25 C-ll co urxa.r oa. KOTO­
pas epll Kc Hp y e TcH n p lDKHiIlHbl'iI! DlI H T O~1 7 II ~1 0­
)KCT nepe xreuiarscn B 3 T O~1 naay nepneunnxy­
i l51p HO pe ince 2. P eincn yn.eP lK l1B 3 10TCH DH HT 3 ~HI
D .11 0 6 0 ~1 IB bI 6 p <l IH I 0 ~1 no.n oxc ennu.
Jl Jl51 1I3r OTOB.1 elllI>! 1\O~1 6 H H H p o B a lI ll o i i .t nne n­
KH ~IO )K I I O ncno.u.aonars uxretoumecs B npo.naace
?
K <1I11 ~ C,:1 5lp CKH e .1 HHe i'IKH C nnycro ponnef W Ka ­
,1 0 iL Ill npn na i Ill HCf'lKII n 03BO.15'le T c.ie.uan, H3
nee .'I. !lC pcinc n co unca.raxm.
B oc06 0 c.toacuux c.1 Y4a Hx pexoxr ennyer cs
n pu xrenrm, ~ Ia K eT 11 3 J, e .lIl H, H3r OTOIl.1 CHllblfl 11 3
xoa eux op a , 051311 H n OJ,O OllbIX TKa Hci'I. IICl KOTO'
P bfii npx nn u CTpO lJKa ~ 1 11 Ha IlOC51 T ocno unue IW II ­
CTPY KTlIU llble .'Jl Ill lIl i - rp vzm, T a .11111 , no.r yaa uoca
II npvrue . l\ \ a KCT natena io r na 33K 3 3l[ 11 1,,1 II n o
n O.l 0 )I\ CIl IlI0 KOllCT PY KTl IB ll bl X .1 II II lIii, 13Cm llJ IIHe c;Y11<'>,lJ-_ 7
IiX c xrciu eun u, 11 0 0 6 pa 3 0D313 I1J !l~ I C51 3(l.'10~ 1<1 \I
Ollp C!LC.'ll lIOT OJ'!\ .lOilCIUIH rpn r ypts. Kpyuu ue
ilTC.1bC xrorvr !l~ICTb raxne ~I a l\ C T :'1 1I<l ocnon­
II hlC pa 3~l cp·h; II poet a (Imryp bl II lJ IHD 1 ~ IlHTb IE
npn cnn r un xr ep ox.
OPII CI!5I1'III1 xr epoi, 11 3~I C P H C -'I bl lJ .F J.l il\l' ll
C TO ~ Tt. IIp ,I:II0 6 0 3 uanps ac cn ns. Bu npnxr.icun ue
py xn C £lblTH IlYTbD Ill na .n.ua xru n p ll K<l ( <I 10 TC5I I,
L
Pu c. 2. Onpencne­
601\0 %1.\1 n OBCp X!I OCUDI 6 c .'I.l' p . Cryn nn no 1l03­
.\ I O/I\ 1l0 CTIl conpuxaca ro rcn nnr xaxm . Il ,11C'lII He
.1,0 : 1iK I; hi (j hlTb II CI\Y,'CT ac II Il 0 Ii P II no.i njJ T 1>1 n.u:
'lPC 3 ~ICP lI O onyui cuu.
nne ocauxu upu no­ Bee 1l3 -'lep l:!11l11 11l:3 a Bl1CID 10 0'1' Bll .l3 II3:ll'.l Il H
MOIL(lI CaUTlIMCTp O­ n pouauoaa r 11 0 PyGa wKc . 3 TO 1J.a CT 130 3~I Oil\lIOCTI>
Ho ii .1 (: II T I>I c f10 JUl C­ TO'l IICC ycruuomrn, C'r p OCIl l1C fjl l1rypb1. <:!) Il r yp y
urcnusi xt I' lie f! r py­ 06~1 CpHIO T ca IIT JD l CTp OBOii .1C IlTO ii. llT o o bl Oil pe­
30'\
!t Cm lTb .1 11111110 T3 ,11l1l If C[351 3 3 Il lI bIC C II c fl naxiepc­ P lI C. 3. KO ~I G n lll-l p O IJ all ll a n :llIIIc iuc a
11 11 51, p c K O~ I ClJ :ly e TC jJ aa B5I 3 3 Tb noxpyr 1 a.n ui
m n y pox IJ.lHI IKe II CnO .'lb30Il aTb n .'I H 3TOII u e JIH pe3 HHK Y. T aK Ka K
'ICpTC i l\ 6cl<l ro lla pn CI1.\ I \ l l'TPll ttIlOCHI npasoa H .1CBOii no.i onnu na­ P o C T P. I1 3 ~ l ep HlO T 01' nu cmcu TO'lKlI ro.tc uu ,1.0 no.i a. M e p ­
;l C,l H\1 (TPOIlT TO.'lbKO ua ormy n O:I OIHlI IY. TO II xi cpxn ,1.1 H 06,X8 (11'a La J (pu c. 4 ) necri xonn xi a .'L,'I5I 6 o.1 ce rou uoro on p C;1,e.1e llHH npo­
W CII, rp Ygil , T<I.11111 II 6e;lCp , W II pin: hi r p YI!H II cnn !lbl 3<1 nncu 11 <1 lOT nopunn cl)ll ryp bl I! YCT3 1W Bi ICIIII51 pacxoxa rxann , ; (1 H3 ,'le ,1 Ii C.
II .nononnunoxr paa xrepc. I l on y o o x s a r m el! Cm . M Cp Ky 2 CIlIDI<lIOT n o OCIIOB<lll lllO
0 0 .1] 1I0 0 b I0 aa nncsmaror » ep xu urupn nu n.reva, ~I C P K H 13 I>ICOTbl IlJ l' II. lI:IOTIIO n p l1K.1 (1 .1.bfB a H K li d ! Ca lITl l\ICTPOIlYIO : ICI1TY, 110 o e 3
[i 1l..1 11 Il LI, a TaIOKe xrepxy 06xB (lTa n.rcua. :\\e p l\ H 1l0 .1 y 0 6 x u a T0 B II..tTH/ KCI1Il5l; JICHTa .'I.O.1)Klla npox o.um- C3a JUi na .; OCTl ICT h l\1 OT­
0 0 0 3 Ha'l a 1O T 6Y KBa:Vl li C, xr epxn unrpu nu - ill , xr epxu 1J..1l1l1bl - - i t P OCT l\ O ~I ccnsxroro in eunoro n03I10IlK<1 Il 3a:Vl bIK<lTb \:H cuepc an.
xi epxn ooxnaro u - 0 II T. .1. v
8
 Il o .t yo G x BaT r P Y J. 1I Cr . C a HTlDl e Tp OBa H .ncura 3 }I.O.'l lK Ha
~ n p o XO.lII T I> no CnJ i lI C na y po sue aa n n n x y r J10B n onxr suu e-nu-rx nna ­
II rl , II , DblXOJ. 51 113 - 1l0. l DO ;l~ l blWC 'IHbIX nnamm, npoxo.m n, n o au ­
CT\ 'JJ<l/ OIUinl T0 4 I<S ~ l r p v ~lHblX ;'I\C:103 .
. Il o a y 0 6 x B 2 T T it "1 11 II Cr. C aH T ml e Tp OBa H nerrr a 4 llO"' ;'K Ha
npoxo.um, rop.isonra.u. no n o Y ll aCT,l\a ~ 1 uauti onsnr cr o ,n p o ra 6 a 6 0 ­
IW Dbl.\ C10 110 IJ r e.na .
ll o n y o LJ x B a T 6 e a C P C 6. Canrnxrer ponyro : W HTy 5 pac uo
,1 a n 1lO T ropu s o u r a.u. no noxpy r ocnep. C 3 a JI,I 1 OHa JlO,!!/K Hil npoxo­
'II IT I.> '110 II<lll LJO .'1CC' S bIC1\' rICll OIU lI\ I TO'lKil , I nr cnuu. ECJl II CCTb 3 ,H I CT­
I1a 51 nu ny x.t oc n . ;'1';lIDO[a. TO li COOXO}lI D I O OCJla6 IiTb JlCHTY Ii llaT b
COCl TIlC rcr nyic um n n pnnycx.
n
W II P II II a r P J' H W r. Caun urer pona n .neura 6 ll Oml\ lI a npo­
"\0.1,11T1> r OpI IJ OIH i1.1 bIl O na.i nu cry narcuuo ru ro -ncaa n rpynuu x xce­
'leJ :10 IlC P C}lI IlI X yr: JOB 1I().l~1 blIlIC4HblX nna.u: II.

~~ ·-a
.Tn u u a n e p c n a II.O .1 H H Il H Ta JlHlI nTI l. Ca nrn v et ­
fJ O Ll ~ 10 .i eury 7 ua npaa.t a ror OT ocr ncro ro or pocrx a CeJl.b MOr O ru cu ­
11 0 1'0 1I031101l1,a 1I0 OCIlO n i1 IlJl10 w ell -r epca auc ryn a ro mne 1 0 'l 1<H
~ rp ym u x iJ';C: IC3 :10 n e p CCC'ICI III,1 C .'JllI llIefl ra nnn.
til II P II i l a en H Il hI W c . Ca ir r nv e r pon y io Jl CII TY 8 pac noa ara ­
--
';

':2. C'..l _ 0.., (3

c.. 10 r nJ 1l1I3 011 ra.u. no no .nnm u .t ouaro x ~ I C iI\ ;( Y 3all lIl D l ll y r : l a \ Ill no.t ­
-...
~ .\ l hl l llC' Yll l,IX nna.u m.
<, : L : l JI I I a 11 :1:l c .1 11 }1 ,~l " . Ci!I ITl1 ~IC TPOBiHl ncur a 9 fl OJl iK ll a npo­
~
'" :\ 0.1 111 b OJ" O C T1 I ~r o ro OT POC TI';il cc.uc roro iuciiuoro cn oanonx n Il ll 1l3
o no Il PO :W.'II, i lo\I Y 11 3 i"!IOy r v.ronnui a .to iI\ c.1a C ~ Io i'1 ,1,.'1 1l1lbl C Y llCTO ~ 1
~ Bbl c n ' ll a : IOllilT OK.
u •1'.1 Ill i a C II Il Il 1.>1 Jl O ", II H 1111 T a Jl 11 II nT C. C a llT lIiIl eTp OBYIO
.' ICIl TY 10 na npa n.nuor OT OCT II CTo r o o rpo crxa cezn.n oro iuefinoro
noxao u x a llllll::l 110 1l0 3 1101l0 llllllI\ )' ,/1.0 .'I1i HlllI T a.'1I1I1. M Cp Ky C Il II ~la fOT
-
"­ CJl I13 Y IlBC pX , yC T3 Ila B,l Hna 51 uau ano ca ur m icr pouof .rI CHT bl B TOllKC

=~ \;:~
li CP CCClICIl l lH 1I0 :l 13 0 1l0 11 IIIlI.;a C .1 HHlle ii Ta .111 11 (umy po xi) .
B 1>1 cor a 11 .1 C II a K 0 C a H Bn K. }Vl c p 'Ky 11 C H l1 ~l a I O T ncnocpcn­

M C I IlCIIIIO 38 xrepx o ii n T C I. H e OTlI IH la51 ca nr u aer po uo f Jl e ll Tbl or

'! Oll !\ ll n c p C' CC'I CII1l51 ,1]111 11 11 T3 :I 1lI1 C 1 1I 031l0I IO ll H II K O ~ I , 1I3 MCP HIOT p a c­
cr on 1I11l: :to n : ICll CUbIX 1 0 l1<: K ( npocxr n P Y C ~ lOr o n.n cueuor o III na) n p a­
noi'r II .'1en o i'1 c ro po u rp ur ypu .
~. .:::t ~ ~"") J. .1 j I j[ 3 C 11 II II bl }l 0 .1 II II II H T a Jl II II 13 Ta p a H n TC I I.
J\ \ c P I\ Y 12 CIlI D l a lOT OT np OCI\ Tllp YC\ lO r O nncneuoro U1Ba y ocuo na­
1I11 H men .1 0 il ep CCC CIIII51 C :1111II1CH r a n un n o Ilb lCTy na lo lU lD I T Oll I\ a~1
'I
nonar ox napn .a.ie.u.no 11 0 3 n OIlOYIIIl KY.
11 .'1II II a 'n e P C .:t a ;1 a .1 II II 1I H T a Jl II 1I B Ta p a 51 n T Il l I.
\ \ e p I\ Y 1,'3 CIIll\ l ilIOT 0 1' npo c x m pyeao r o n n eu e n o r o W Ba y OCIIO Ba ­
l iIIH m en ( BbI CIU,:HI 1 01l K8 r op.r ounnu) '4 e p e 3 :l3hl c Ty n a fOln Ylo T0 4KY
r p y :H l hl X iKe.1 C3 ;1 0 IICP CCClJClllI H C J1HIIlle i'1 T a.'1l 11 1. M .ep KII n TC II II
)1 111 I I .t aror B 03 ~ IOiK IIO C T b o n pcne.n r n, 6a .'la HC 11 3 ilCJIH H 6 e 3 ri p e n ­
n ap IITC.1 b !l bIX p a c n c r o a .
n pn CIlH T Il I1 xi epox n T C II, n r n I I H Bn K Ll.MI 6o.rrec TOlJHOr O

It
 onp ene.n enu n n OJIOiKell llH np o eKnlpye~ loro n.neveaor o tuna pexoxren­
P a c C T 0 51 H II e 0 T .1 II H II II T a .'1 Il II 0 0 I< 0 13 0 I' 0 I< a p ­
.a yeTcH K rineuy npn xpernm, 6y.1 a B K a ~IH cneun a.tsnyro HaK.1aaK Yr
CKo nll pOB3 HHYI0 11 3 Be pXH IIX lJa CTell ll CKa .1 cnun xn II nO .'104 KII (p II C. 5) . \1 a II 3 P OK. ,\ l e p KY 1 8 CIIII:>laIOT OT Jl lI lIllll Ta.'l HH no .nauana pac ­
1I0 .1 0 iKe li11H xa pxra ua. :
MH ofll e sax pon um­
.Jml nocr poennn -repr ezca )KI J.TleTa ClI lI ' ~la IOT nO nO JlII l1Te JI b Hble
/\11 np e ;W O'1l 1T3 1(1T .J..'I>I
)1 c p 1\11 :
OIl peD, eJIC HlI Y! COOTHO W C-'
HIIY! .J..!1 II II bl crnnu» JI nc­
.J .1 II 11 a i I( JI .1 e T a l l iK . C i1 trn rxterpoayio nenry 19 pa cnona r a ­
:.....~ 10'1' 01' OCTlICT OrO OTpO CTKa cen s xro ro uu eiuroro n03'BO HKa BJlII3 n o
pena Jl,0 rm uuu T ilJ 1ll 1I
I10.'l L3 0 Ba Tb CH ~ l e p J "D I II
1l0 3 flOHOlJIIIIKY n o mlH HI1 r an n u. K
n eJlH1IJIHe s r of xrepx u n pI1 0 a n .Tl51­
lOT CLU e 10 - 1 2 C.lt ( l aBlI c li T 01' ~1O ,[.( e.rllI) .
D) c II II nTI I 11, n p o ­
G bl COT a B bl P C 3 a )/\ 1l .1 e r a B B}K. Cau rnxt erp oayio ne ur y 20
Xo i1>IUl/D II I flO ll a JIOO:I C
I I M) pi! B.1 HlOT OT OCTIICToro OT p OCTI<a cens xo ro uienn or o 'n03BOH Ka
Bblc Tyna lOl UJl\1 ro -nca»
no OCil 0 I3 i1 11 1l10 iu en ;1 0 ;Ke.la C\JOro y ponu» aup es a )I\ll.'lCT a .
r n nnu II nep e.ra.
Flpn xoucr pvnponanun OplOK OOb ll lll o n O.;Jb3Y IOT CH CIIHTbn l ll xiep­
~
11 :IH qJIlryp Oo.l e e xa \ 1H 1l0.lYOOX na TOB r arru II II 6 c.1Cp r a K. xa K 113.10iK CIIO BblW c .
~ C'.'lO'K IIb IX - C CIIJJb IlO
O r Til.l b lI Lle :'v ICPKIl CllI D l a IOT C.1 C.1 YIO Ill ID I 06 pa Jo ~ 1.
'" '"
::. BLI cryn a IOLU II\I , Kll BO­
11 .1 1I II a 6 p 10 K Ll6. .\l c p K Y 2 1 CIII D la lOT n o 60Ky OT .nu n n n
~ T O~1 HJIH a ronn uaxin JI
~ ""
"': T. Il , - 3TIl Me p:<II
ra:11 11I IlCP Tl IK3 .1 h Il0 ;1 0 cep c.umu aa.n mxa 6 0 Tl I llK a IIJII I no i Ke n ac ­
~1O i'1 D,.l l111 lJI Op lOK ,
t::: no.n a.
t::::""
\, }.l.l II IlH IOTCH ;1 0
~ P a c c r 0 5l II II COT : 1 JI l l il II T 3 c1 II 1I no K 0 ! l C Il a Ll TK.
iI PO XO;lH no ll all OO.l e e
,\ \ ep KY cun xra to r L: n c peJ, i1 OT .mn n n 'rann n no KOJlCHa 11<l yp osne
nucr yna ro um xr Tl) lJK,HI
epJIr y p bI IIIl i Ke r a.t uu. nc .u p a l\o: IC illlO i'1 'l ClUlC ' 11\II ,
B blcora c u a c n u n Be. .\ \ Cp Ky 22 CHlD 'l aIOT C Cil ll51IJ.lCrO ue­
11.1 51 CII5ITIl H ~ I Cp O K ,[.( O
'IOBCI<CI OT .1 Illl II II T i1m m no 60K)' ;1.0 CIl}l e ll h H CTYJI3 .
IlO MI o.annn p e~l ClII lO C3 a ­
' [ :HI n OCTjw C:IlIHI 'l CP W il\ il or IO;, li ma OplI Jl il\ c ii II r a.nupc npo­
D,TI II cnepc rm p eKO ~ IC II -
t:l BO;UlT .tono.u ut r e :lb!lhI C IIJ \ i Cp elI Il H (llII rY P lJI :
ayeTc51 nOJI b 30naTbC
yn.nunennon ca nru xrer­ o (j x 13 a T 110 r Il t t o n 1\ 0.1 c n o :,1 O Il!\. C a Il TlI~ I CT P O B YIO .i c n­
I Y 23 pacno.nnra ro r rOp H30 iITCl.lbIlO 'n o n xoneu noii l/ aW e 'lK oJ"t B Me­
ponoii .'ICll TOii, na KOIl llC
PII C', 5, n .1C'I CUUll IIUK.1a,D.Kil JJ.Ml cua rus xiep ox e TC IICl lI Oo .1JbW e r o CYIKe HllH ,r OJIe HH ;
KOTOPO!1 ,[.( O..l i KCH OblTb
Lh c I I, Jhll I I II BI lK
npa xpermon rpy a. K 06 x B a T II K P LI H 0 r H a ll. M ep Ky 2 4 CHHMalOT r Op H3 0 1IT a .Tl b HO
e aI lT lI~ l e T p 0 !3 o i'1 .t e nr e n .\ICC'( C ua noo.n s urero pa 313lITJ I$l ~ lbIWU nxpu;
n)IIJ IIo ii 1 5 0 cu n p IlCOe,LW ll HIOT euic t1 BC .te ur u , na unua n C 5 1-ro 1l0 ­ o () X 13 a 'I' ui n K 0 :10 T I( 1I O ur. C a HTIH l e T p OBYIO JIe llT Y 25 pac­
MCp 8. JI e llT a o yaeT IH l e Tb nJI ll II Y 350 est. n n.t .ua ro r ropnso ur a.t s no no.t . 10 .1bDKI<o ii ;
LU II P Illl a ,11 .1 C '1 3 LU n . C 3ll TIDl e T p OB)'IO ,'l e ll TY 14 ( 0 1. n o Jl 0 IK e H II e 1< 0 P n y c a fIK . Hs v ep eua e 2 6np OIi 3 BOJl,51T OT
pu c. 4) pacnon ar aior OT OCIIOna ll lI5I well ;'.(0 n.t eue ao r o CYCTCl BH ocr ncr oro or pocr xa ccns xroro me uuoro n 0 3B OHI<a Jl,0 13CpTI1KaJIbllO l l
(M CCTO BTalJ KII pyx ana} . n.t uc xo.n u, IljJOX (J: IHUle ii 'I C' pC3 uauo onec BLlcTy na JOLU lIe TOt lK lI JIO ­
Ll Jl 11 11 a P y K a B a Llp . M e p Ky 1 5 CHID 13 IOT OT IVle'l CBOrO cycra ­ (I ;!T O!\ , rI P Il Ci I}lT lI JI 3T Oii ~ l CPKIl na ..1 0n3TKIl rO !)IJ 30HTa .'lbIlO HaK Jl~ -

na (MCCTO couneue nns pyxn C n.TJe110 ?l1 ) no CBOOO,il, IlO o nyureunou PY KC'
110 }Ke Jl3ell10 11 n m l lI hI.
06xBaT n n e n a On . C UHT II\I CTP OBYIO .1 CIIT)' 1 6 IJ<l lIp a B.1Hlo T
BOKpyr p y KII TaKlnl o6pa30 ~ 1, '!T OOhl BCp \ ll l1ii Kp a ll ec Ka Ci1.1CH 3 a .1­
He r o y rna Il O Jl,~I LIW C41I 0ii a na .u m u II 3,Dl bIK il:ICH COOKy ; pyxa .ro.i -x­
Il a OblT b CB060 11HO o nY LUC Ila . 3Ti1 ~ 1 C' p Ka Il Y iK Il 3 .1.151 OIlp e ;le .1 CHIl H
il l ll punu :n p o lh l LI Ii IIIf1 pH f1 bl pyKa na .
B LI C OT a 60 K a 8 6. i\ l e p Ka 1 7 >lB.'lHCTC H /\ OHT!)() : I LHOii II C1Y"
iKIIT n.1 H on peaeJICfl lIH r.'l yO HII LI :n p o ih l LI. Ee Cll ln laIO'l' .1 11 i1c ii IW ii .
Il p n JJO)Ke II IIOII CnC pCD.I I l< n O,J)I L!llJ C'I IIOII Bn a ,'.(Il HC :.(0 : l llil liJ I T'1.1J III.
12
t!,I BiI:" r 1 IIHC iiK \ ' .
.J p~ r ue .LCnI(l .l IIJITC:lb llJ.,l C ~ 1 C' P l\ lI . pcxoxrcuay evuc J ) IH onp cncne ­
1I1~ 1 \ COOC;l lI n C IT i'l T C.10e .1 ()j l\ ~' II Il H , o yn,yT npun cne nu '13 1 e KCTC B CO­
OT hC T~· Tn \ · i O Ii U! X .\ 1 cer a x .
Fl uxtnxr o ]Cl I1lIClI xicpo x sa xpofuun« J.lOm KCll BIle CTJI B O.li1IlK IL'1lI
n a Cfiop r lil Kiua II fJ:Il CTKII 0 3 3 \l C' ICIl IILIX OC06C IlHOC T51X TC.TJOC JIOi KC­
II II II, JIy tI Il! C 3 TO e ;!C.!IilTb n a a a p n c o n x a x (!)]Ir YPbl , lnl CIOi IHIXCH 'B
rr<I CI10 jlT L' 3 a1W 3013 .
G r e x <lTC.'1b C, r .r e IJ B C ~l cH O pa3 .aeJl elme T pyna ~ I C )K J. Y 3 a Kpo i'l ­
I! UlI\<J .\ I H - O,[.( I1H Il P II HIl f\la e T 3a l<a3 B CaJlO lle, n py ro i'I 3aHHT B pae­
I\ P (J ill j O ~ l II CXC, - P CKO)I C' II.1ye Tc H np lIM eHHTb ll a n C'IaT a JHILl e B .\1<le­
13
ur r a tie u e pr eacn OCfl OB J\O HCTP YK U Hl ), 11(1 xor opu x uenyui n i'l sa I\ P OII­ ,D.Tc= 45 ,.5 ( 1-2); lLTC II = 48 ,5 ( .1-2, 5); n TII =52 ,5 (-1 .5);
lU HJ( or vteuae r neocxo.nrau e KOlICTPY J\TllI3 i lbl C 11 3~I C II C ]j ll H J .151 ,UTIl II = 43, .=):(- 1,5); W e = 20 ,5 (-1- I) ; ill r := 18 (- I );
KOII KP (' Tl IOi"I cpllry pbI.
13111\ = 48,0 (+ 1); O K = 9,5 ( + 2) .
OCODEH HOCTH KOHCTPYH P OB A H 11 51 n JI Ell E Bb IX
H3llEJIHH HA ~HrYPW C OT KJIOH EHHE M B OC AHKE B 11 3 Je.l ll ll , C l( P OC H H O~ [ 110 .n exan axr 11 .111 s eprex. a» .u.'l 51 T IIlI OBO ii
ljJl l r y p bl, npn npusi cpx e aa C YTy.~ Y IO (pllryp y oon ap yxcat cs cnenyio­
Oco c euuocru IKOlI CT pY ll p o 13 a HH51 nIl J i l( aKa ua c!mrY P hl C OT K: IO He ­
w Ile ; lc cp e KT bI: 60pTa 00.'10'l KI1 oynyr pa cxoznrrs­
1111 51:11 11 13 ocauxe nox aaauu na 'lcpTeiKax OCHOll Ii 6a 3 0BbIX .nexa.r a x
C5l. c n ll Hl\a or cr aa a n, OT qJl1 r y p b I ( XBOCTllTb), BO­
rnno uoir lpm ypbI 50-1'0 paaxrepa I V po cr a cpenueii nO .lll OI' LI (pII C. G). P OTII II K OTCT aFHlTb OT w e ll , OOI\0 13ble WB bl o le ­
1I II/KC npus encuu 13 e .1IPIIl Hbl ~IC P OI\ . IICOO':0 111 \ l ble
CT HTl' 51 1133 a !l. OT OOI\OBblX 11180 B ao xpyr upon»
npn nocrpoennn tl e p TciKc ii .u.'l 51 T1HI O I;(-,I:( (llI l ry p " ,
no p a .l YIOTC 51 3 a .1 0 ~ 1 hI. I1 3 ;I,e m [C Ci y ):lCT cncpcnn
csi (xrepk n .ua H bl oxpyr.ieu uu vm II 1ipe .te.t a X
) .l :I I[ IICll ll h l l\!. a csa .ia Yl<OP 0 'l ClHl bt'l 1I C13a:1!l ­
0 ,5 C.ll) :
ua T b C51 C n .1 C'1.
P = 17G (13 06 YBI1) ; Cui =20 ; Cr = 5(); CT , 1 ~3 ..=) ; OC IHJ BHa fl npu-n uta yxa aanuu x ilc cj)C I( TOO -_.

Co = 53; W I' =-= 19; LLTn = ,') 4 ; l l lc I ~I ';); ;J,TC~ Jla pY Ul c II II C 0<l .'18 1ICa 11 3 ,l e Jl1I5I ( cnnn x a KOjWT I( a
no c c p C;J.lI HC II n a 13 hlc T y n a lOlI.lIIX YIJaCT KaX cnu­
- 43 ,5; Blll( = 47 ,0 ; 111,1, a (' OO KOB OH a , lI a06 0p OT , L1,/1I111 1I a ; nO:IO 'l K<l
nTC 11 = 46: lLm 11 = 45 ; 0 1( = 7,5 , !I..1U1I1la ) . Ba.ranc u apyiuen 11 3 - 3a OT K:IOII CHlIii 13
n O: IOi I\ ClI HIl xopnyca (p llry pbl II no.n0 i l( ClIlUI naer ,
LL.'1f1 UOJI CC n cra.n.noro ana .u raa OCOO CII IIO­
I\O TOP blC 1l0B epHyTbl nnc pcn.
cre f Te Jl oc.10/K CI1I1H KO II I\ P CT IlO i'r qJllr ypbl cc pa 3 ­ 0 0 .1 0 tJ KII j\lO r YT paCXO.l1lTbC51 II!I II CJI111111( 0\1
xicpuu e upuan a xn If Xa p a l( Tc:pI ICT IIK ll cp a Il II IIO, j­ aaxon ur s npyr ua ztpyr a II II p H IIp a l3ll.1 1>I-1Oi\1 6a ­
lOTC51 C paaxr cpm.rxu: np H311aK,D !ll II x a p ax r epu ­
M I IICC 13 KOlICT p y l, U lI lI 1I3 ;J.e.'IIIH , ecrm ncnp a unm­
CT II I«n l ll TJIII0 13 0ii lp ll ry p bl a na.nor n-moro paaxrcpa
1I0 COC.111I1ClI bl rop .noannu nO.'lOlJ KII [I CII II II KII , HC
H pocra .
11 [W II3 BC;J.e HO COOT13CTCT BYIOW CC (\1Op xro nanu e
.- B na .u. uciu uc » fiy JYT npu ne.t cu u .1 11 1111, TC
CJl 1I1IKII II 110.10'11( 11.
1I 3~l e p eI II1 5l, IW TOP bl C lI~ lC IOT OT!(:IO IIC IlIl51 OT 11 3 ­
O ;U IIt'1 \'ll.'1I111CII lI C\1 CII lI llK lI (n OZlllflT lIl' l\I
~I CP CII II51 TIIII 0 I30i'r (llII r y pu, II PJI '1 C ~l n C.1 II'11111 1>1
y po uun BblCW Ci'I TO tJI(lJ rOp JI013l111u) II yxop a l( 11­
OTl<'~ O Jl eIlJlH OY11yT npnnen enu Il Cl\ o G l( cl.\ 3I JaI\ C1­
na uue» II0 JI Ol[I (1I lllOHlI il\eHII C~ 1 y p o ll m l BblC WC i'1
MIl + ' ( .\ ICP K[I yOC.1 11'l Cll a ) II - pl Cp l( a y~I CIII> ­
TO' l l\ 11 rop.nonnuu) IIO J1IIOC pasuo uccu e 1I0 .:1 01lKlI
iueua) n o cpann ernno C r unonofi . II CII II IIKll lI C YCT<llI013 l1TC>I, BCC ):lCC\l CKTbl li e
P eK O~ I e l-I .uY C~IbIC OCOOC ll ll OCTlI TIOn pOe llJ l 51
~TI' P ;) II HT <: 51 . 00 T lw 6 yeTcH 13 11CCCll lIC' CYII lC CTBC II ­
'l e p TCil ( e iL xopp cxm ponaunu 6a J OBhl X .1C I( [I:1 na
111,1.'\ naxieucnuu B KOHCTp YKlllllO 1I3JC.11151
dmr ypu C O TK.10 IlC II II H~ I JI OT Tl II IOB h l.\ Il C C1351 J() ­ IJ ouepr nune .1 111l1lH cpcn ucro IUBa cnumc u. rep ­
IIbl C 1\ C1 I (J1 ~ 1-.~ 1I60 ou pca c.reu uu» ~1(>TO; lO ~ 1 K p OH.
. 11InHll bI. no.nva auo ca , IIPOi'IM bl 1I OK<lTa pv xaua, Pu c. 7. l!)urypa cy-
it r a io t;e B ( I)oP ~!OIl<l ll lIC CII IIH KII 1I [\0.10'IKI I. ry aaa
PIlC. G. <1> llry pa ruuouan C liClp "a:II,lIoii O(' ,II IlWi'!
n.q 51 vcr a noe. reuun np ann .n. noro o a.1 all c a
~Hr YPW C Y T YnA ~ H nE PE r H 6 HC T A ~
113.1(' : 1!I 51 B COOTBC TC Tll li ll C OTK JIOll eH1I5Ii\11I B II0 JI Oil( CII II II xopn y ca
lltll r y p bl I1 C O U X O .'l lI ~ I O 1I 3~l CHI1Tb n O.1 0 il' CH II C Bb lCWlI X T Oll CK rop no­
H 3M CII CJB!51 B uepr excax OCII08bl CIIHIIKH II n OJl OlJ KII ua CY T y .~ Y IO 1111!>1 CII II II KII II n O.1 04KII (r .t aunu x TO IJeK OI IOPI>[ 11 3 Jl e nII51 ) lI C TOJl b ­
ep ll rypy
1\0 110 nep nuca.tu, 1I0 H 110 rop 1I301lT a ,1 11.
7n OKCl 3ilH xap axrepusui Cll.1 )"3T Cy TY: IO i'1 q )Jl r ~ p b l 5 0-1'0
I l a puc. Bc.umnua OT IlC.1CI lI IH c pe !lIl ci'l ,'IlI 11 lI 11 crnun:n A' Y (pH C. 8) s u ure
paaxi epa I V p OCTa Cp C.u Il Ci'I nO .,'lIJOTbI. OT.'11JlIHT Cilb Hb le pasxi epuu c YPO ll1l 5I .1 0 11a TOI{ 3 3B I1ClI r ,]( a K ~ JT no.toxceuna .111111111 men, I<pH BiI 311b I
r;p1I 3 HaKII ee cnenyio um e, C,II: T1 03 l\ O!l O'l ll II Ka ua 3T O~I y tta CT KC, T a K II OT CTc nC HIl 13 blD YI<.1 0C TH cnn­
E LI _ ce pCKO ~Ie l l-1y c T C51 p a CCtl il TbI llilTb OT nerm un usr OT I(nO lle Il Il 51
• 1:\ lIPH .10 iKCIlIIII ;la Jlbl 1l3M ep CIJIlH TlInOBbl X (plJryp OCIIOIlIIl,IX p a a xrcpon
If po cr ou , n \ l (~ [ lI( e O K.
15
14
 B e .1H4HHY OT Bene HH5I suctueii TOIIKH ro p n os n u u rr OJI01I KlI p ac­
::4 11Tb1B3 10 T r axace 01' BeJIH4HHbl OTK.'I OHCHlI5I -B xr epxe HK.
CIlUHKG . ,UJIHH y cpenneii .'l H HHH c rr H HK H AIT l (01. 'p HC. 8,a) 01'­
K:l a ;~ bI B a IO T cor.n acno ~l ep Ke ,UTC *, TO'IK y AI cn euiaror snpa ao no
1/1f-~--- ~ a a
ro p l 13 0 HT3 .1b H o i'l .TIII HII H aa pa CCTOJlHlIe , pa nnoe noa onau e BC.' l1l4HHbl
I OT!\.1 0 He HH5I B ~I epKC DK. t
I
I
AlA' = 2 X 0,5 = 1 CM .
Touxy A' COenHH5IIOT C T04K Oii J' C.'1CrKa Bl>lrryK.'1ofl JlIHIH eil.

:t
DPH peaxnx H3rH6ax cnnnu o ,UnOBp CM CIIJIO C n epC~!Cm CHHeM

\ ;'ii I) .r-. ~;: h TO' I KII Al an p 3 BO 'OTBO.'1.51 T TOllKY Y llJlCno.

Ilpn nocrp ceunn cpenuen .'IHHlIlICrrHHKII or T0 4 K H Y BHH3 CJIe­
.1 ye T Y 4HT bl BaTb BeJlH4HHY su cryrra sronau cj)Hr ypl>!. DPH rr.'l OCKHX
5lr o ;U lUa x .!l H HIIIO cpe a n e r o Ulna OTB On5lT anpa ao, npu nu cr ynato­
W II X s ronnua x - B.'l eBO . EC .'lH CHJlY3T H3ne.'l1H1 pacuurp euuuft, TO
CPC;1.I110 1O .1 HII Hl O CITlI HKH nep ea cuia ror BJIen O, T. C. p aCUlHpHiOT

~ Cfl Il HKY ·
,U.'lIIHY cnnnxn ,UTC II orxxanu na rcr no UlTPH XOIlOi'l .IJHIIHH T;A 2•
Lll up nn y H BblCOTY rop.non nuu c n HHK H onpenexaior pa cuernuu ny­
,11 T'
/j l ll5
I

!J __ lj
,

T e ~ I.

D O.'10IK eHlle n.r exeuon 1'04 KH tt,

o n pC n CJIHIOT corna cuo ~ I Cp'KaM
Tif T8
1\1 T, 7
Ill n II BITl<, .n p n 3TO~'I .'lIIHBIO nn eucn or o cpe aa yu eaunmaior na
I \ 0.75- 1,0 eM (ua BeJIII'lHi-Iy CyTIO ,l(K!1 I1mI uu ra -r x n ) . WHpHIIy 'c n a u ­
1 K fl rr o .1 H II HII r pynn OT K.Tl a n bI Ba IOT COr.Tla CIIO M CpK C Illc, D o nOJI y­
4 eH ll bI :\! TOll Ka M Bbl 4e p 4 11n3 IOT HOBb i e x on r y pnsi e .!lHIlHH CITlIHK H,
!\ Ci l( n OK a 3aII O II a 'le p Te) Ke UlTpll XOBblMH JI HHH5IM II (CM . pH C. 8) .
==~- I
n~· ·--~ ---#=----
n O,W'lKG . Ilonoacen ne .'lIIHIIII TaJlIlH 'I IO.IJ Olf KH OTIIO CHTeJlbllO ,'1H ­
!I 111 1 T 3 .111I1 CnI1HKH 3a BHCli T K aK or OCa I1KH, T3K II 0 1' n cnn oru cjm­
rv p u . ,ll.'l51 Cy Ty.TIO i'1 cjmrypbl TOLI KY T4 (pu c. 8,6) CM em alOT npn­
G:1I 13H Te .l b llO IIa 0,5 Cit BB CpX ( T04Ka T~).
II . .~ .., ._ ---=
" __-,--, L..-::::===__~ - - . . = ~..". J T 04 1\Y T~ COCll. IU I5IIOT np5livIoi'I C r cux oii T5 II .'l H Il lle ii .n on y a a n o ­
f, --- -="';--'= .J " J
a , n a n e p c c eueuna C x or o p o a CTa B5IT TOIj I\Y T~·
P IIC. 8. I 'l::l ~ l c II C I I Jl C lICP TC/I( il OCIJOBbJ .um l cyrya oil ¢J1rypbI T~H~ = TH (na 'l CpTel1<e cflHIIKII).

Il o.ioa. eun e s u c ure n T01I KII r OpJI 0 13I1Ilbl rr OJI04KII P 3C'C4HTblBaIoT

COr .l a CIl O xiepxe 'uTrr II. B C.'l 1l4H lIY Me pK II or xnansmaro c or T0 4 K II
I3 113.'l,C,111 HX C n e.u. n oii n cp a a p esu o n c nunxoii cp em noro JlHHHlO
T~ 11 13C p X no .1 I1HH II T~ A 4 H rr O.IJ Y4 aIO T T 0 4KY A~ . Or T 0 4 K H A~
BBCPX Y !I C OT llO ;l51T. I3 3T O ~! c.ry u ac 06.1c raiIHe o n n u u B H3 ;I,CJlHII
Bn p a 13 0 n ap an.re n s u o JUl II HH 'n .'l C4 CBOr o c pea a np OBOn5I T npaayto,
J~ OCTlI ra CT cH n u r a ux o nn o .rIJ l lI IHI Il,l C"I CI30rO IlIBa, I3.'l a/K IiO - Tc rrn OBOii
u a x o r o p o ii OTK.1 3;I, l>lB a IOT OTp C3 0 K, pannuf rr Oi IOBIiH e OTK JIOHeHH5I
o 6 p a 6o 'j j\O !'1 cnnux n; I3 H3,l C.'lll H X CrrOp Tl iB HOrO xapaxrep a - au­
TCl lm o !"1 n o .'Jll l liH I xox erxu , CC:III ona npcnycvcrpeua n o xro.re.r u. nO .l 0 i K CIIII 51 xo p n y c a , II .n oayu aio r T OQKY A~.
B T CX C1 Y '1<l5lX , x o r.ia oti.rcr an n e CITlJllbl .lO CTlI ra CTCH I3.'l a /l<HO-T c n ­ A~A~ = 2 X 0,5 .= 1 CJH .
; IO ll Oi'! oGpa6 oT KO I I I l3 ;l C"l H 51 , nur auxaxn: IU II HH bDIH K OllcTpyKTH B­
II hl M lI nyr nxur, COOTBCTc m e IIHO yxrcnt.uia ior BeJlH 4 HH Y OTB enCHHfl Yro.r CY TlO / K Kii H paCTBOp n ep e nu ef 'B l>IT a LJ K II ,lI a 0,2-0,3 CJH

TU 'IK H A.
yxrem.uiaior . Ill npnuy II r .nytinuy ,r o p .IJOBH HbI Ol'K.'I anbIB a IOT no npn ­
I3C .l IFi Il 1l8 OTBClI.e lllI51 au curef T04KH ropaonnnu 1ll0JIO'IKH 3aBHCHT
• 3ll.CCb II .ra .ree IIM eeT C51 lJ nany crxnanuu aua c MepOI{ C IWII CTP YKTII BHblMI1
K a K or (I)QP~l bl rpy n llO II KJIC TK I1 (n OCT05lHHOrO c xoca}, TaK H or 1I[l 1l6 a u Ka MII.
Bhtrr YK;1 0C TI 1 r py nu ( n e.m sn na yr.ta CYTl O)K KH ) .
2- 895 17
16
 l...... '. . . . . . . .
IiHTbli\! p ac-reraxr. TOIIKY fl s cxi euraio r BHH 3 H 3 CTO.% I\ O, na CKO.'ll> i\O
O ICC TIWI1 'BDe p X TOIIKY Il , na CnHHK e, H nonyuaio r T04K Y n'; I U H­
C:

pany n.'1e
'ICBOrO
cp e sa OT IC'Ia;J.LI BaIOT OT TOlJKH A ~ no ,,111 11 11 11 A~ n; '"
H moa yu aio r T OII K Y n;
WHpH Hy 'n OJl Ol m ll no .'1I1HHII rp y.n r r3r, ::
"­
~
OTK.'13 11.b1l33 10 T cor.nacno xr ep x e Illr. COOTl~ eTCT B C IHIO li 3 :'1 l CIl fl JOT .'111­
"
HIlIO npouxn», nO.l 0Il\ CIIII C 60K OBoii BbITa'IKIl H 60KOBoro c pe sa. D PH
c:
3TO!ll 611c ceKTp ll c y r l l YBcml411 BaIOT aa 0,2-0,3 C.Il, a 611c cclnpllc y ~
r24 Y:'>I CHb Ill3JOT na 0,2-0,3 01. lIo H a M e lJeI!lI bl i\1 TOlJK cD t I3bl'leptlll ­ lL I ~~ Or,

Ba lOT H3 :'11e lJCH ll bI C tco n r ypbl ·n O.'l O' I K H, xax nO K83 3 lJO 11 3 ucpr e»; e ~

llIT p I1X OBbnlll .'llHI I1fl \ II 1. "

~ ~"
Ih M e ll e ll JUI B KOIICT PYKUIlII H3 )l.CJl II SI IIa cyr ynyio di n r y p y nYTe ~1 ;.:.
c. :=
~ g
z;
KOp p e KTJt p OOa ll HSI o a 3 0 Dbl X Jl CK a.1J B npouecce pacx pon T K all 1l .'-. . :..t-_=
~

~ ;;'f
3 a
pa c x p o e
1I0 C.'1Cn ll HC r OJI.l>1 ne e
H 3,'.lCJI Ii ii,
60.nee
11 3rOT OD.TI H0 1blX
um p c xo e
no
.pacnpocr pa uenae
H II ,'I.11 Hl u ya .TI b H l>I:\l aax aaaxi
HpH
~) ~ t
HaCCJleHH51, nO:lY'ICleT np ll.\'lC II ClIH C ~ 6 a :J o B bl x .i e x a . t .
~ ~~
,
- l...'- c~ ~

~~
Il pnn eneunc 6 a 30BLl x nex a.t ( IW HCT p Y IU U Ill OCHOB IHI T11ll0 BLI C
qm r yp bl ) ,pa3paOOT 3 lHlhlX Jla 6 0 p a TOpJl HM II , KOJ I CTp YK To p a ~1JI s xcn e­
I,
I
II ~ i
r: ~
~
-
pH M e HT a .TI h HbI X UCXOfl (VI ti C3:'1HIMl1 aa xpo innnxaxnr , OC3j"C,'10BH O, 't:
- - 3 ~ ~I
cn o c ofi crn y e r H e '[ OJl l>I<O monuurenmo
YJIy tl ill CHHIO xa 4eCTlJ3 pa 60Tl>1 a a KpoihUl1KOB.
np OH 3 BOll. llT CJl b IIO CTH ,

Koppexrn pcs a nne 6 a 30BblX JICKa.TI IIa epHryphI C OTI<.10 1IeH1I5J:'I11l

OT THnOB blX M OJKCT 6 blT L ' n p O H 3 I3 e~TJ.C H O KaK IIYTC~I na npcaanun
HO 1\

r\ c '\ 1:::::: '

~ ---
_
.....~ ~
1­

- -
_I
o
~ ~
~ ~ ~..
~

~ ~
::,,_.

~
..
o'l:

'" ~ ~
n e­ I:::::: M

~
)""
xan, T a K II n Y T C ~l IIX nepennuacxn.
­ \0
:!: '!J
"<:::. ~
D pH lIe p BOM cno cooc n cxana 13 o npe;J.CJlC HIIbIX Y 4aCTKa x na npe ­ ~ = :."
CJ
= \~

3 UIOT H, n OJl OJKJi B Il X COOTB CTCTBeH HO H3 T K a Hb , K pa51 p a 3p C3 0 I3 TO ~,- 2i . ~

--~ --:;; o ~-
p a 3 BOJl.51 T, OTK JIOH515J HX ,n Tpe6y e:'>10:\ 1 H a np a B.'1CIIH II, H TC ~l ca Mbl~ l 'I
Yll.Jl HIHI51 '3 TII
n py r
yuacrxu ua lIeOOXOJl.H:\-IYIO 'Be Jl}[lIl1 Hy , TO UaK.TI3 lI.LlI3aIOT
HaJl.pyra , Ha ,KJIO H515J K pa5J p33 pe 30B B r p e c y e xi o » nanpaane ­
_ N
<c
'I
'"
1 ~ ~~
~ ttl "":

Il H H H Te M ca M bl:'>1 YKo pa 4 1lB351 :JI e K a Jl a aa 3 TlIX Y 4 3CTK3X aa IIc06 ­

"<:
g- ~ 1:­
\
X O)l.HMyIO 'BeJllflIl1 Hy . D PH BTOP0:'lI cnocotie BCC 3TH oncpau nn 'Bbl'n O,l ­
'<:
\

~2.. ~ l...
- :­
~ g~
en' ~ ~
IImOT nyr ex Ji3MeH elllt H OCIIO B HL IX KOH CTPYKTH BH bl X TO'leK (n e p e­ <::::
1I.BHJKeHlteM T0 4 eK .JIeKaJI).
Jlexan a KJI a 1I.yT aa rxaus, 06B01l.51 T JIerKIH IH urrpuxonuau 'I
t;t= -- ----1 - -..;;: -...;;;--.:; ~ ~~
::i) I ~ :;::
I ~ ~
JIH H1I5J M H, H3 MC'I alOT JlIIHHIO T3J1HH , r p Y1l.11 Ii 1I.p. 3 a T e :'ll na COOTBeTCT­
BylOW. HX Y'laCTK3X ·BHOC5J T H3:'1IClI ellli51 COr JlaCH O OTK .l0HCHII51 :'11 epH­
..
'<:
'I
'<: '" L.::::, ~ ~.
ct :-:'
r yp u . D o :n OJI Y 4 c II H l>I ~1 TO 'lKaM 06BO l l.fl T KOI-ITY Pbl n ctan cir 1\ nO .'IY­
na nuoii rpnrypu (na II 3 W lI X pucyaxax
4 alOT 4e p TCJK 11..'151 cxopp ex­
_. i\
'<: I J "»0
~~
..
r-;
<c ~~
r a ponaun u e Y 43 CTKH nOK a 3 3 Hb i cnnouruu vu .111H Hfl:'lHI, a 6 a 3 0BLl c
J1eKaJla - lll Tp HXO Bb I !>I H) . - I
DOJIY 4 c HH ble uepre»; n P CKO~ ICII Jl. yeTC5J
:VIC P K Cl M 11 npHlI 5JTb l~ 1 pacue'raxt.
HH/KC n p ll DCJl.ClI LI IIC KO TOP l>IC npnxr epu
np o n e p n r s no

KOp p CK TlI p o aa 11iHI 6a 3 0­

CHHTbD l
1 I
l:::I
nu x Jl CK a JI na CYTYo'1)'IO cjJHr y p y .
H a pH C. g,a nOKa3aHO ·n OJI QrK CII HC .texa.ia
1\ ~ ~I J _
CllllllK H TlIllO BOi"l epH­
~/jl!llf I:fllflC/!/0 17
'"
18 2' 19
 rypi; Ita rxa uu B COOTBeTCTBHlI C TCXHl1yeCKlk\IH ycaosna xu: p a c­
KpOH 1I3 neJIHH . Ha puc. 9,6 ,n OKa 3 a H OnHH 113 BapHaHTOB KOppCKTlI­ 0 6 .1 3 CT II .'1 0naTOK n,OCTHraeTC5I CYTIO ,KKOi! CIlII H K H no cpeaa x npoii­
posauns n exana CIl/lHKII. 3 JJ.eCb xopp exrupyercn .TIH W b OTBe ACHlIC ' I bl H In .'IelJe Bo ~ I Y , a TaKIKe 'n o cp e nuef ~l II II HlI ClII l HK I I (II 0 3 . a na
cpcnneu cnunxu suur e ypOBHH .1 0 n a T OK B COOTBeTCTBlIlI C
JIlIlllIH p ile . 10) . B II 3,LI.eJIII51X H3 TKaHeji B n onocx y CY TIO)K K a i\: OiK eT 6bITb
011K ,rlOlleH lI e~1 xopnyca . JI cKa .TIO na ypoaae HaH60JIbWeii BblnY,KJIO CTil lJ aCTlI'IHO aaxr eaena OTT5IIKI\OI1
cnu nu (TOYKa Y, a 1I110rn a, npn ClI .'lbHOii cyrya ocru . BbtW C 1I nuxce
TOYKlI Y) pa apeaaio r n ropnao nra m.noxr Il3npaB.1eHIIII na pa CCTOH­
JlO nenrp y
( 11 03. 6
'B bIIl Y K.1 0 CTl1
1Ia pHC. 10) ,
ClllIHKII
lJT06bl 1I3­ <
-L=-~
i~
HlIH, p aBlIOM OT p e3 KY j iA . n OJl yy eHHYIO TO'IKY 060311ayalOT 6 yK­ 6e , !( aTb na p yiu enun pucyaxa II a
BOl' Y 1• Co oTB eT cT BCHH O nO.10)KlIB .:tCK a,TJO na TKaHb, ero OTBO)~HT TKa II II.
8V

,f
no mll1l1l1 paspeaa nsepx na TlO.1I 0BHII Y OTK.;JOHC HIH I 1l0J1Q)KeHlI5I K Op­ Ilp II pesxof nbIIl YK.1JOCTlI .'10­
nyc a (n,,). I1<1 T OK p eK O;\l ell ,Uy cT c51 CA e .laTb
no nn e lJen O;\lY cpeay nbITa'lKY
YY 2 = 2. x 0,5 J= 1 CAl. ( 1103. B II a puc, 10), cpe a npu
B P C3 YJI bT aT e orucnenns sepx nen y aCTH .1C K aJI a 1l0JI yy aIOT H O­ 3 TO, 1 B bIK pa H n a lOT no Bbl ll y K.'I Oi'I
BOC nO,10,Ke H l1e ,iI Il H lI lI r Op J10B lI H bl , nJ1e y e BO r o cpes a, npOHMbI. .1II II II I I.
a
Ha
.10KClIo ro
'p H C. 9,8, e npnuenen u nsa
KOpp CK TlIp o B a 1I11H .10Ka.'1 .
xoxi n­
'B a p I1a II T a 60JI e e 1l0JIHOr O 11
Koppexrnp csauue nponaaona r
Y CyTy.TJ bI X .TJ IOn, e ii lI.TIellll lI a­
CTO 6 bmaIOT nanp a nne nu nne­ \\\~
...

npu convc nieuan nexa .ra cnnn xn C J1e K a.10 ~ I nOnOYKII. Ornpauuof
JlI1HlIei'1 npn -raxoxr K OPP CKTlIp Ofl al!ll!I H BmICTCH JIIIHll51 00 1 (CM .
pen, OTlJe r O 0 6 pa3 yc TC5I 3 a'I eT­
nan nnan nua cncpeun n 00:1:1 ­
\\
p II C. 9,8) . Ee npO Bo J~51 T ncprmcansno, nauunas OT TOllKII a- c ep e­ ern K .TJ I0411LI" o e OOClI lI O 0113
----J- ---~
JH I II !>I 'np oiblbI. 1,13 T OYKII a nponons r r opH 3 0I-ITa JIbIlYIO nun 1I10, 511l­ aaxier ua v XV,LI.bIX .110Ae H. LI.on)K­
,'IH IOIUY IOC51 M llIlI ei'I rpyn n, 1I n o n ei'l p a 3pC 3aIOT .nexana . HallI1H a51 lI OC o O.l c r a l i ll e 113ne.111H na 31'0\1
OT TO'lKII 0, B CTCpOlIy cpcn neii .1 11 11 11 11 CIIIlII KH BepXIlIOIO lI a CTb ae­ y 'l Cl CT K C ,LI.OCT ll r 3 CT CH COOTneTCT-
K3 ,'l3 OT BO,U5IT BB CpX COr .la CHO xr epxa » LI.TC, BnK H Il x. OT T O'II<ll a llY IOlI.J. II M epopMOfl31111e;\I Ka K xia ­
B CTOPOHY .TJI1 I II11l n0J1 Y 3aHoca n epX IHOIO -r ac rs .rexana llaK.TJa n,bIB aIOT re pnan a nepx a, TaK 1I OOpTOBO!'1
1I3 HIIIK llIO IO COr JIa Cl l O xrepxa » OT KJIO HC HH 51 nep ena . [I p OK.TJ a ;1.K II .
Ornpannon rouxoii na puc. 9,c H13J1HeTC5I rouxa a', p aCnOJIOIKe ll­ JI Y4UIIIi\I clIoc060 ~1 CP.OPMO­
H a ll II ]J) K C .'IU II!IH rp ynn na 3- 4 LIt. Jl cxa .no Cnll H1\1I pasp eaaror lIO n a II I I 5I 1l.'l elJ e BOI1 ya CTII 113AC.TJ1I51
n p H M o i i , coennnmouien T04 1,y Y C TOlJ l\Oii a', II 3 a T e M BepXHlOIO 5! n JI 5Ie T C51 OTT5J)KKa ee C rpex
4aCTb nexarra OT flO,LI.H T nuepx Il coor ncrcrnnn C OT K.'10 Il eI 1H5I:'.1I1 B CTOp OII - co CTOpOII bl ropaonu­
srcpxax LI.TC, BnK II Ilx. T C~I Ca;\IbDI aIJ TO ~ I a TlI YCCK H 11 3;\I CHHCTCH uu, nneueaoro cp esa II npoit au .
r JI y 6 1l1I a H n O,T]Q)I\CI!lI C .'I 1I1i1I1I np onxiu n COOT fl CT CT ll ll ll C ocamcof
q T0 6bl 11 36 e )l\aTh paCT5J)KeHII 51 PIl C. 10. CIlo co6 LI (1 ]()P ~I OI J:lllI l ll cnnuxu
etl Hr y p bI.
I I:J e lJe n Or o c pes a II lIapYW CHIIH ua cyry.nyro lllll rypy
nO JIO'lK y pa sp caaror OT TOlfKlI A' n r opH 30HTa nbHOi\I HanpaB.TJ 0' pncy uxa TKaHII, OTT51IKK Y H3
11 11 11 ,LI.O .1 111 111 11 ncny aau oca. B CPXIIIOI O 4 a CTb .iexana H aK.TJ a .1.bIB aIO T nnannny n 06.1 aCTlI I<.TJIOYIIU l3 OCII OnIlOl-1 IIP OIl 3BO ,LI.H T c o CTOp OIlLI
ua II 11)K I II0 10 BCOOT flCTCTB U Il C ~! Cp K (D I II OT K.l0 H e llll51 'nepezta. WHPll ­ ro pnou nuu . Boa ee ro ro, nnc-renoii cpes ,UMI npenoxp a ue u u n ero OT
uy CIlI lJIIK lI II ,n o .1 0 1[K II 11 3;\l e H5IIO T B 3TU X cny-raax nepean ma xof paCT 5I1I<eII II 5I C.TIer K a CY TIO)K IlB aIO T II CYT IOIK K )' 3 a K p e I I.1J 5lI0 T non e­
.rexan. pen no n nO.TJOC l\ oJ", 11 3 651311 .
Be.'1114 111Ia ep op~lOBaHllH nYT c~1 fl ,la,K lIO- Te nJIOB o f! 06pa6 0TKil
npenycxiorpcn a
.1.OJI )l\lIa 6 bITb B xpce. LI. eT a JIIl Kp OH ,UO.rIIK Hbl 6bITb
4>op l\lOBallH e CIlIfII K H H n OJIO'I KH H3 ,UCJIHSI na CyTyJIy lO 4>Hrypy nocne 0 6 pa 60 T K II nponepe uu n o COOT BCTCTBY IO II U I M JICK a.TJai\l 1I,1H

Xopouiec o ri ne ra nu e 11 3 .r~e .TJH51 n a ejJl1ry p e , B oe 06 CHUOCTfl n a rpu­

no xie pxa a.
D OpT OllyIO n p o x .n a nxy pa OKpal1B 3 10T Il 0 6 pa 6a T bIB a lo T C YlI CTO~l
rype C OT KJIO IIC II II 5I;\11l, /LOCTl1 raC TCH ne TO.TJbKO COOTn CTCTBYIOlI.J.eii
ee TeXH 0.10rII'le CK'I1X cno ncrs . Ecrm npOI<JI3,LI.Ka 113 lI e 3.rI a cTlJlIHo i't
KOHCT p y K U He i'I , 1I0 II B 3aB II CH :-'I OCT I1 OT T eXHOnOrI1l1eCKHX CBofICTB,
TK a I I H , T O ee pa 3p C3aIOT eo CTOpOHbI ropn onnuu II.TJ1l In .1JC lJe no r o
p llCYIIKa T K a H lI - eO OTB e TCTnYIOlI.J.llM (l)Q p~I O Ba II He ~I crmnxn 11 no-
c pea a II co CTOp OI I !>1 npoi'iYlbl (puc. I I). n .ll1I1a p a ap e a os 5-6 C,lt .
OlJ KH, 'T . e . Il,'I a)K HO -TenJIO Boi'I 0 6 p a6 0TK oii H BbIT a 4K a ml. B n ane ­
B np OKJI a,UKy n o .'lllHI1H~1 p a apc a os IlCT aB.'151 IOT K.TJIlHb5I 1lII1PllHOi'1
H 51 X Haqll1 ryPY C okpyrn o-nunyxnof cnuuon o fin e r ann e cn H HK H B
1- 1,5 C.1t n o C pC3 a ~1.
o 21
 pa3 BO;1 51 T na 0,75- 1 c.1t H B np oxreac y rxax BCTaI3J151 10T KJlllIIb5l. 3a­
/ -). T (; ~ I :-I CfI\J,Y c .'1 0 5l ~ m T KaHH ·n p o Ki l a J,bI Ba IOT B3T HH IlJlH nary H npo­
/.~ ~'--
" l CTCrIl BaI O T.

H3 1\1eHe H IHI B lI epTC)KaX OCH OBbl Cn H H K I1 11 IJO Jl04KH aa

nep erariacryro $l1rypy

Ha p n c y nx e 13 nOKa3aH x a pa x rc p u u i i vcunyar n CpCrH6H CTOH

I!Jll r y p bI. n o cpaan eumo C qll1 r ypoii an a n oru u n o r o p asxrepa II p OCTa
1I0 p :-l a .l b Ho i'1 OC3H KH OHa InJCCT C.:1CJ,Ylo W,He OTm l 'IlU e Jlb HhIC p aa­
\IC pfl hl C n p1l 3 HaKII, C.1 I :

l1.TC= 42 (- 1,5); n rc II = 44 \(- 2); l1.rn = 56,0 ( + 2);

l1.TTI II = 47 (+ 2); Illc = 18,5 (- J); Illr = 20 (+ 1);
Bnx = 46,0 (-I); Ilx = 5,5 (-2) .
B 11 3 l le.1 11 H, cxpoenaoxr 110 u epr eacaxr ( .TJ CK 3 .TJaM) .nJl51 THI1 013 0lt $11­
rv p r» . n p n npnxreprc e u a neperu tincr yio OOIl3 p)' )I(a TC51 CJJ e.nYIOW,HC
:l l:f IJl~ I(1' l>I : '11 0 JlO l KII Oy :!.)' T C :llll 11j(O ~l 3 3 XOD. ll Tb n py r n a npyr a, ocpa ­
'
3yH « I10 ,K il lI ll. bl » , c rm n x a BII II 3Y OY.'!.CT I13JJ l11l1H C upu .nera n, K <pH ­
ryp c, a n Op OTHlII( - l\ Lll CC. OOIW l3bl C JII Bb! O ICC TlI TClI an epen,
C nepx y CTlll Il K 3 OK <l, J(CTCH C..1 I1Ul KO:-! cB0 6 0 .'1II0 r'i. 06 pa 3y 51 K a K I1P O­
't o .u.n u c , T3 K Il fl OIl CP CLJ !I bI C C!\ J13,'l KI I. n Cp CJ!. 11 3 .'J.CJIHH o y .ne T KOp O­
Iff: CII IIlIl( lI . T. C. ,13 IU J,C.'I lf H ua pyuicn O<l.l aIlC .
C/l IIIIKU . Ll.111 Hy CP C:W CI I .TI lI lI l lll 'Cl1II Ii K II A I T, (p HC. 14,a ) OTKJla ­
. !.l,I BCl JOT no ~I CP K C n
TC. TOtI Ky A I OTBO.1 HT BJICBO 11 3 pacs era T10JlO­
fi ll II bl OTK o1 01l CI III 1I B Il x.
P ile. I I. P dC/( po ii II OO[J J OO rKii r ,:e. 1.3 cT>Hrypa
(j"[JTOll Oji np OK.1i1IlK II 11 ,1 vuac n : c II l'p c n lo li c T il fl
A]A' = 2 x 0,5 = 1 CM .
n .IC ' IiI IU II C ~.l il CT IflJll o ii TKil lI II
T OlJKY A' COCJJIII HIO r IlP 5D IOi'1 n u u u e nc TOlJKOr'i Y . )lJl H IIY CTIlU I KI1
TC I I OTK .rra ,·l bIB a IOT 110 LllT P IlX0130f! .'1II II II 11 T'IA 2 . I.UI1PHIl Y II I3hlC OT y
r o p .'I o Il l l ll bI onp en en n ro r p ac lf CTll hn [ nyrcxr .
Ilcno aceu no n .'l C'[ C13011 T OllKIl fill Oll p Cl l C.TJ Hl OT co rJIa CIIO ~l epKaM
l1l11 Il Bn K, npn 3TO~ 1 13 Il .TJeLJ CBO:-1 c pese n a 0,5 c.1t Y MC IIb Llla lOT Be ­
.'l fl lJll ll y cy n o ac x n. Ill upnny c rnn ncn n o .'IlI HII H rp y nu OTKJl a .'l bI Ba IOT
c o r .t a c u o ~ I C P I\C Lllc. n o H a ~ I C lI C H II bn l TO llK<l ~ 1 nuxc punaaior I10 Bb l e
P ile. 12. P a cl(pojj non ll "' C' /I /1I KOIJ I(OIl T y pH l>l C .1II HHII cn n n xn C y-r ero v ,BHCCCHHh l X 11 3M e Il CHI1H .
Il ono -u:a. Ll.l51 o n p e n cn eu ns 1l0 lJOr O nonoxce u u a m m l1H TaJlHH
[ C.l I 1 )K C nr
OK
.1 Cl .l K a ll 3 T1\a/l1 1 .r e rxo T1 oJ"l,acTcH B.TJ afl<II O-Tcnao­ llC p C.1 3 TO'! J()' T 4 O I C!lJ.(IIOT BII 1I3 I1a 0,5 'CAt (pH C. 14 ,6) II 'noa yxaio r
Eoii OOp ,l lJOm e , c c p a Clo: p <ll f B aI OT Ta K , '!T06bI n .lclIeBol1 c p es , r o p ­ TO 'II()' '(I . T O' lJ( y T ~ COC.'111 ll 5!JO T C TOllK Oii Ts H ,TJH HIICl! n o a y a a 1I0 ca .
.10 BllflCl II n p oibrhl OblJlll p a,: lI OJJ O)KCIIbI no 1\ OCO~I Y f1anp a B.l eHIIIO T Ol lI ( Y n ep e ceucnnn 3TI1X .1I1HH }[ 0603113lf 3JOT 6 YK DOi'! T~ .
flHTII. ¢ Op .\I Ol.laII11 e n na ;J.ll l1hl 13 c.iyuae ~n O.\1 '~ I Q}I( H O
npOH 3BOJUlTb
OrHOI(KOii Kpa CB l\ 3 K c o CTOj)() JlbI r op .tonnnu , TaK II c o CTOp OHbl T~H ~ = TH ( ua n epr eace CllHlIK H) .
n.rcs en oro cpe aa .
rl O.'10 )K CllH e nucuie rl TOllKH rop .TJ OBlIllbl 11 0 .TJ OllKH p a CC'IIITbIBaIOT
n O;l T1 JI C;I II II K II p a CKpall BalO r 11 3 .tu yx C.1 0 e B TKaHH . B 0 ;J.f1 0~1 113
COr.l il ClI O xi epxe !LTTI II. Be.'1HlIHlIY ~ I CP KH OT KJI3.II. hlB a [OT OT TO'IKH T~
C.10 CB J,C.1a IOT o nuu p a s p ea , B n pyr oxi - :1.B a (pHC. 12). Pa apesu
lJlJCp X 1I0 .111 ll lI ll T~.4 ~ II ·n Oi r Y 4 a 10 T TOlfKY A 4.• Or TO'IKI1 A4 BJleB O
22
2.3
 Az
1«1I0 T T04KY n 's. W lI P IHI Y n OJI Oll K Ii n o .'IlI Hlili rp y.ni OTK .'I a Jl.bl BaIOT
cor.l a Cll O xiepxe W r. C o o T Be T c T Be H Ho H 3~l eH5IIOT .1I I1111110 npo fi xna ,
I10 .10fK Cfl l1e 60K013oij BbI T a4 KH If 60KOBoro cpesa. O P II ~nO~l 6 l1cceK­
-pucy F 42 yne.'1114l1BalOT u a 0,2-0,3 C,lt, a F1 I y xrens ui aro r H3 0,2­
0 ,3 CJ I. 00 Ha~le 4eHH bl~I T04Ka~1 I3bl4ep4liBalOT I1 3~leH CIHlbJ e KO HTy ­
pbl ll O.l OII KH, KaK 'n OK a 3 a HO I1a n ep rexce .

H 3 M CH CH HSI B KOHCTpyKlJ,HH H3J~CJIHSI aa nep erucucryio (pHrypy

nyTe M KOppCKTHpOB3HHSI 6330BbiX JICKaJI B npOlJ,eCCC pa cxpos TKatlH

B a p l1a HT xoppexruponanns JI eKa .'1a CITl I H K ll n YT e~1 O T I3 C ~le H lI 51

c p c .m e n .lll H IiIi au uie y p0I3 11H .'lO n a T OK 13 COOTl3eTCTl3l1l1 C OTl' .'I OH e­
I IIlC~ 1 xopnyca n OK a 3 a H a a p a c .15,a.
Iexa.ro y T04KI1 Y p a ape aaior 13 ·r o p 1l3 0 H T <1 .1 b ll O ~ 1 nanpa n n ennu ,
p a BII o :VI Y A, n n o .nyua io r TOllKY .)'1. C OOT Bc T c T Be lI Ho n O.'10 )K 1l13 IIIIiK­
I fl OIO Il a CTb JICKaJIa na r xa ns, sepxmoro lI a CT b .'1eKaJI3 11 3K JIa }!.bll3aIOT
,, 1, l'1 Hi! n uacmo ro H an OJIOBIIH Y OTK JIOIl e HlI 51 nO,TlOiJ,eHllH O E .
_ ~
. ,12
TMr I I ~1
!j"r.
1 =n=t==
zIIL {t,:
r~
Ts YY 2 = 2 X 0 ,5 = I CM.
r/3 B p c ayns rare H a l lO )l( ellH 5I nepx ucii lI a CT H nexa.ta na lll l iKHIOIO
11 0 JIY LJ 3 10 T l10130e nonoxccn ne rOp .1013IlHLI , nJI C l le130rO cpe aa II T . .i .
Ha p u c . 15, 6 II 8 nOKa 33llLI n s a npnecra KOppe KTJlp OBaIllI51 63 30­
IJbl X .'I CK 3 .'1 crmnxn na neper nria cryro '(lm r y p y , npn K OTOpLIX np e ny­
0 1aT p lI 13 3 CT CH naxene uuc .!lilllllbl T3 ,l1111, I3bl COT bI n .n e u , nOJI OiJ(ClIlI51
npoirxt bl nYTe ~1 p a s p e sa HI1 51 .'1eKa.'1 01' .'1II Hli ll 0 0 1 nocepe.tn n e
npon xi u .

H 3 M e tl e HHSI B KOtlCTpyKlJ,HH pyxaaa na cyrynyio H ncp crH611CTYlO

c1JHrypbl nyre» KOppCKTHpOBallHSI 6a 30BblX JI CK a Jl
a § ..o;;;;;;;::o~--.;;;;-.:::_ C 113:Vl eHC llI Ie:V1 K OHCTP Y K lJ,I1H Cn l1HKIl 11 n OJI OlI KlI 13 COOTI3CT CTl3l111
C OC3 1iE oii , nO.'lO)KeH IIC~! xopriyca epllrYPbl ~l e 1l5l10TCH ra KiK e K Ol11-Y­
PJlC. 14. 113MCIlCJllie IICpTe)Ka ocuouu na ncp.::m6lJCTylo (!JlJrypy p l. l ,'1Il11H II npoitau .
Ha pIIC . 16 nO Ka 33 11 bJ xoury psr JllllllIH npoir» bl n a II Cp TCil,3 X x on­
CT P Y K lJ,lI l1 na TpH OCIIOBlJ bIX runa OC3l1KlI rpury pu . Y Cy Ty .10 i! e~) lI r y­
rr a p a JI.'l e JIb HO .'1liHli H n.'1e 1IeI3 0r O Cp C3 a np0130,lHT npH ~IYIO , na I\OTO­
p bl no J!lI ll l1l1 np ofl xna T0 4Ka 17 } (pIIC . 16 ,6 - c n .1 0lU II Ll e .l l1l1llH) 13
pen OT'KJIall.blBa lOT 01'pe30K, pal3HLIii nO .'I OI3H ll e OTK.'IOH eHIlH nO.1JOiK e­
COOT Be TCT l3l111 c nonoxceunexr nn eu OICCT II JlaC b I3Bep X II I3npaBO, 3
H H5J x opn y c a , li lIOJIY4a loT T041\Y A~ . . OlJKa 17s O leCTII.'1aCb nnp a n o H Bll11 3. DIICCe I(TpHCa F ,l rrecxo.m.x o
A~A ~ '= 2 x 0,5 = I CH .
Y BC.l 1flI JU l a Cb , a F 42 ICOOT l3eT CT,B e ll HO y xensnru nacs . B ooparnov n o­
PH ,lJ.KC 1I 3~l eHII .'1HCb KO IITyp b l .'1HIlIIH npon xn; na nepernoucr yro ellll ­
Yro .'1 CYTlO;.KKIi II pacrn o p n e p e ,lH cij BL ITa4KII na 0,2-0,3 C.lt r y p y (pHC. 16 ,8) .
YBemJl1Hl3aIOT. llIHpH Hy H r.'1y6 HI ly ro p.ros uu u OTK.la ll. bI Ba lO Tno n pn ­ Haxrenea ne KOHTy pa m IH H II nporiau I3JIe i leT a a COOOIO 1l3111 CHCBll e
HHTbnI p ac ue ra ».
K OII CTP Y K lJ,II H pyxa aa , KO HTypa oxar a , IIHa4 e y CyTy.'1bIX epH ryp py­
T OII K Y ns 0 1e UW IOT IlBCp X na CTOJI LKO , na CKO.lbKO CMeCTII.1H cxe ureuu n a s a n ,
K a ll a 6 Yll.YT y neperu oncru x - anep en.
B HH3 TO IIKY f7 1 n a c n H HKe Ii no.ny-uno r TOIJ K)' ti ; 1lIlfp H II y n a e u e ­ Peuiarouie« 311a 1i CIIHe ,lJ..lIH
rrpaBIIJIbHOrO n OJlO}l(CHIiH pyxa s a npu
aor o cpeaa OTK.'1all.bIBa loT 01' TOI I'KIf A; n o .'1li Hl ill A;I7~ Ii n o .n y­ OT K: IO Il e ll HH X B ocauxe epHr y p bI WI-IeeT nO,10)KeHHe HI1}j( Heii Il a CTH
OK a-f a p y x a n a. E c.TJII ,ilJI5I HOpM a JI bH Oii eplI r y p bI HHiK HHH 4 a CT b OKaTa
24
25
 ...'"
:r
:::
a
"III pi
~~~- :~ i'~ "
~
'f }", I I~
=
a
::;
. . t:

6: =
C :::
.§.§
o u
>. "
f- "

10
::
'"
u "
:.
::
u
'- ::::
'" '"
0.. 0
C,; :..'
OJ
c: ­
§ g,
~ ~
'":.:.,.. ::::'""
:-..
~ ~ g,
::
~
~
:.::
o'" :.
:=­

<:S ;- ~
f- ,
:.: I
~" i6'
SI:::"
::.::;" ..
0:

tr.i ~ r:I rz rll r?

- ~
~
~ 0~
0..
a o d
r: P uc. 16. Pyx as a II npOliMbl na qlllrypbl:
~ a - HOp M a Jl b HY IO; 6- C)'T )'Jl YIO ; a - n c p cr1l611 CTj'1O
;- .

~
c: P ,P2 (01. p HC. 16,a) pa Cn OJIOLKe Ha OTHOCHTC.'l b llO rop Il3 01lTa .TJb1l 0 ,
s: f a .!l:JH Cy Ty JIOH Iqm r y p bJ OHa .!lOJILKHa 6bITb ll C1KJIOlle llC1 sne pen, T. C.
"
"c,
'"o
r o v x a P 2 (C M . pH C. 16,6) JLO.1LKHa CMe CTtlTb CH nse p x npnx epno H3
0.5 C.It , a TOqKa PI - COO TB e TCTBe HHO BHH 3. n aJIbll CilllJ Ce n ocrpo e ­
~ rnte I1POH3BOII HT ,n o.!l np H ~lbJM y rJI OM x llOBO:>lY nOJIO,K elH! IO .rTli HHH
" OClI OlJa HHH OKa Ta n o npHH5ITbIM pacuer ax . T OqK H P 4, O2 II 5 nepe­
\lC CTHTC5I, K aK n OK a 3 a HO a a q epTeLKe (c nn oumue JIH HH H) , nJIH qm ­
1l){!U11I1 UOfdl/tlJT ry p neperucucr u x Bc e3TH H3M e He llHH B K OHCTp y KU HII p yx a n a ( CM .
puc. 16,6) np OH3 B0 1l5IT B 0 6 p a T Ho M nop5I II Ke co r n acao nenuxnue OT­
K.10 11 Cll Il 5I B o c a a x e.
26 27
 Hatpnrypy cyr ynyro BepXHlOlO II 1I111K HlOIO rrOJIOBHHKH pyxa aa rro
.'II1 HHH OCHOBaHHH OKaTa P 1P2 (01. p IIC. 16,6) - OT T04KH P 2 .'IOK­
r esoro cpea a .lI.0 T04KH 0 1 - paap esaro r Il OT TO'IKH P 2 pa3BO.lI.51T ro­
.10BKY anepx aa 0,5 Of, a rro nepezmexiy xpaio HaCTOJIbKO »ce sa­
KJIa.lI.blBalOT CKJIa.lI.KY BHH3. 11 COOTEeTCTBeHHO, rrOJIOIKHB JIe 'KaJIO a a
:'laTepHa .rI, 06Me Jl51lOT x o n rypu a epxn ea H HHIKHei1 rrO.lOBHIlOK py­
xa aa . COOTBeTCTBeHHo H3MeHHlOT xon ryps: HHIKHelf rrOJIOBHIIKI1 gb
r ----..
""1C:,tiI 1i~;J
I
pyxana .
Ha n epernrurcryio epHrypy KOppeKTHpOBaHHe 6a30BblX JIeKa.l1 py­
xa aa rrpOH3110.lI.51T aHa,TJOrH4HbIM nyre v, HO ,B 06paTHoM n opa n x e
(01. pHC. 16,8). l+ f# _'}l :Mt~ p.

H3MeHeHHH B KOHCTpyKUHH H3nenH~ rroKpoH pernaH Ha cYTyny~

H rreperH6HcTY~
$Hrypw rryTeM KoppeKTHpoBaHHH 6a30B~x neKaJI
Koppexrupoaaaue .1eKaJla peraau aa cyrynyio ljlHrypy

*
Cnunxa. JIeKa,'10 crrHIIKH rro nlt HlUI f f 2 (pHC. 17,a) paapesaro r
H BepxIIIOlO e e 4 aCTb OTBO.lI.51T asepx OT JIHHHH paapesa ua BeJIH4HHY
OTKJIOHeHH5I B xi epx e nTC H OK, 33Te M 06MeJIHlOT xonrypu perna­
n a. OpH CHJIbHO cyr y.noi; cnnue JIe Ka~lO paspeaaio r cute B T04Ke Ji
HJlH nuure. KOHTpo,lbHyIO T04KY fl s cMew.alOT ssepx na 0,5 C.lt.
Il DADIlKa. JIcK a ,'10 P.OJ104KIi paspeaaior no JIItHHH f 2f c,
(pHC. 17,6), 3aTeM BCpXHlOlO e e 4aCTb HaKJIa.lI.bIBalOT na HH)KHlOlO
a a BeJIll4HHY orxno neuns B :>lepKe nTrr H OK H 06MeJIHlOT B rax oxi
rrOJlOlKelIHH xonrypu p er.naua . KOHTpO.lbHylO TO'lKy fl 6 caeuiaro r
BHH3, na CKOJIbKO CMC CTIV 1I1 BB CpX TOl.J:KY fl s.
Pqxaea. Jlexano (pH C. 17,8) 3 a n n e II nOJIOBHHKH p yxa .sa paspe­
3alOT OT T04KH P 2 no T04KH 0 1 H Bep XHlOlO nacn, pyxa sa y rOl.J:KH P z a f per.ian
17. KGVVeKTHpOBaHlle aexana cnanxa Ii nonosxu 1i3,1leml!! nOKpOH
OTBOJI.HT BBCpX, H3 CKOJlbKO OMeCTHJIH asepx TOl.J:KY fl a (c s epreaca P il e.
118 CYTY.IIYKl II nepem6liCTYlO qllirypbl:
crrHHKH), H 06:'le JI5lI0T B Ta KOM rrOJIOtK eHHIt xotrrypu sepxnen 4acrH a _ cnHHKa ; 6 - n01! CillKa; 8 - pyx a aa
3 a.lI.Heil rrOJIOBHH KH pyxana " " ,
JI eKaJIO rr epe .lI.Hei1 nOJIOBHHKH pyK aBa pa3pe3a~T OT T04Kll Pi HOpMa.rlbHaSl, cyTyJIaR H n Cperl16HCTa51 - 3TO JIHWb OCII013Hble
,;:1, 0 T04KH 0 1 H BepXJ-IlOIO 4aCTb PYK3B3 y TOl.J:KH PI uaxnanuaaio r ua ruriu OCaHKI1 , Y4HTbIBaeMble npn K OHCTpyllpoBamm one )l{ .Qbl I-Ia IUI­
IHD:I{J-11010 aa CTOJlbK O, n a CKOJIb KO na nOJI04Xe CMeCTH.'1H TOl.J:KY fl 6 , !.HlB HJI. y a n b H Y lO epHrypy. B )l<11 3HI1, onn axo, Ha6moJI.ae TCR HeMa .rlO
H 06M cml10T II TaKO:'! nO ,110)l{eHHH xonrypsr aepxneii 4aCTH n cp e naef qlll r y p C rrOJIOJl<eHl1eM TeJIa, Bapbl1pYIOlllHM TOT Hml IlIIO i'l TH'IT o ca n­
rrOJIOBHIlKH pyxa na (ua xep rexce n OKa3aHO mrpnxoauan JIHHHHMH). ii I! II C04eTaIOlUHM Bce6e xapaKTepHCTHKH r o ro H .lI.pyroro ruria
COOTBeT CTBelIHO :'!CHH~T xonrypu HHJI{Hei1 rrOJIOBHHKH p y x a aa, c a n KH, nnorna 11 npOTHBOnO JlO)l\lloro . T a KH e epl1r ypbl npenCTaBJlR­
KaK n OK33aHO na pHCyHKC. lOT c06010 OC06ylO cn O)K HOCTb nn51 3 aKp oiilllHKCl .
I-I m K e npHBO.lI.IlTC51 pH,!!, npuv epos oc06ellHocreii KOH CTpyllpoBa­
Koppexrapoaaaue aexana pernaa ua nepera tiacryio lj!llrypy 111 51 One)KJI.bl aa <pHrypbl, IDl elOlllHe OTK.T10HCHIl H B Te ,'10C.110)KeIlHll OT
OCII OBll bl X THrrOB ocaHKI1.
H a TIeperH6HCT Y~ epHrypy KoppeKTHpOBaHHe JIeKaJI npOH3BOJI.HT
$ HD ' PA C BOrHYTOA cnanon H BbICTynAIOw.HM )I(HBOTOM
B 06paTHOM nopn nx e COrJIaCHO MepKaM OTK.rIOHeHIl5l, KaK rrOKa3aHO
lIa pHC. 17,a, 6, 8 Jl<IlPHbl~1H JIHHHHMH. I-l a puc. 18 'TIOK a 3 a Ha epl1r y p a , KOTopa H n o CBOH\I OCIIOBllblM H3­
\Ie p CHHHM CXO.lI.H a C T1lIIOBo iL OTJIHllaeT CH OT a ce TOJIbKO Mep KaMII
* Ha xepreace noxas ano urrpnxonuwa Jll tI1lHIMl1.
** Ha neprexce nOKa3aIJO WTPUXOBblMIi JlIIHIIHMll. 29

28
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
 n m I , n m II, nTC I 11 nTC II, 4TO 06ycJlOB.1elI O
o can Ko il - YBeJl I14 e H'I1 e M Bb IeMK H ran nn II BbIC Ty­
nO M )KI1BOTa . B a sn e,nII II, CKpoeHHOM no nepr e­
r unos on npu npmi ep xe na
11 ~
lA-' \
)
J!(aM .uJl 5I qlllryp bI,
T(lKy IO qlllrypy 06HapYJKaTC5J xa pa xr epu u s ne ­
¢eK Tbl : sepea 60KOBbIe W Bbl 113-n OA npo iHILI
CIl Il II KH B Ha np aBJl e HIIH rannn rt epezr a IIO i i .1Y T
\

.,
nan pnacennu e CKJl3 AKI1, c 0 3A a B a 5J DIle tIa TJ1 CHII C
y xopouenuon crnruxu, a no JlH HH Il T n.lll l l non ­
!I
IJlIT CSI nonepexnue CKJl a AKH (H 3,1J1lWe l\ TI\ oIIH),
OT J( paCB KOT Op blX naepx 11 BHII 3 Ta KJ!, C JlOT51 Hy T­ ) r;{{ r.,- - ­
en 11 3n p H1I\ e HHbI e H a KJlOHHbI e CKJlaA K Il (cr pe,n­
-t-----r '~-.--" ~ -

~
I
K Il ). H3!J.eJl He cncpen n B 06 J1aCTH .IlIlIIlI lI T a JlIIII , 'J
1,11\
Bb 1( 1) '1Ia )K IlB OT a 3aY1l\eHO, a K H II 3 Y ¢ Cl .'I,:U lT , I I
I
f1P II Jl OJKIlB K au cryn aro uru a T0 4 K 3 :-'1 CII Il Hb ! I
a Il T II M e TpO BY IO .nenr y C OTB e COM ll JlJI hO ~ 1 6 Il H II­
I
I I
PO BClHHYIO Jl Il He HK y (CM . pII C. 18 ), aaxponuuu: I I I
I I 1.' I
yfi CJUITC}I, 4TO Y .uaH Hoil ¢ l1r yp bl IlO iI OiI, CHll e
,;Ts S "I

H
V

1
I !\ ~' a l ,
2
xop nyca HOpMa Jl b HOe , asrcrynaiomu e T0 4 K Il 511'0­ ~ '/ 8
11=',;
~'
T
.'11IU 11 Bb l c T y n a lO lUll e T04KIl cn uau 1I3 XOAHT C5J
II a o ;:l,lIoii BepTI1KaJlbHOH nJlOCKOCTI1, OA H a K O Bbl­ I 7j- I '8 I
exrxa r anun y ae.naaeaa nporns HOpM!>I, 11 3 - 3 a 4er o I I _ =~. - lA', I
I
np n paanoa C ra nonon ¢l1rypoll M e p Ke C T II I I

I~
I
O;l,IllI a KOBbI M H 6 0 KOBbl M H BbI eMKaMIl r an n u VBe­ I I
/ l l fll CIl n o T a .~HH BbICTyn 1I\ HBOTa B1I\, Ilpl l ll e~l ua I I ,
CT O.,~ b K O , na CKO.JJ b KO yaena s eaa BbI eM K 3 r anun . !is I ,5s
Tarcoe nOJlOJK eHl1e ren a oTpaJ!, a eT C5J na ¢ op ­
PIl C, 18, ¢Il r yp a C xre Il .uJl HHe nepenu en II 3 a .uHe i l 4a cT e li qlllr ypbI ,
DOfJJ y TOii Cn JlflOH H 4 TO He MOJKeT n OBJII1HT b KaK aa 6a .fJ3HC 11 3A e.fJII H,
aucr ynaiouiaa lKH· T:1K 11 na ero nocazix y n a ¢l1ryp y B u e,TJ OM. nJl Il ­
j
UOTOM H a ne pe.ua no JlHHHH TaJlI1H y TaKOH ¢ Ilryp~ 1/r' a
y BC,TJH 4ella, a A.TIHHa cnanu no JlHHIHI Ta .'lI1 I1 lI e ­
CKOJlb KO xr en sure no cp as nena ro C HOpMaJIblloH. 3Ha lll1T C.lJbIl O yn e­
JlH4 eH p a a ae p qlll r ypbl n o lI aKJl OHHOH: - OT nsrcryria .fJO n 3 TOK n o P IlC. 19, H3 M e llc HIl e 4 ep TC/I; a OCBOIl,,1 u a ¢ Jlr ypy C aor n y ro n en Il II 0 i'! II Ubi ·
asrcryrta i K II BOT a na JlH HHH TaJlHH. cryn aiouuo: iKI1IJOTC M

lI il CTO.1 bl\O IKe ( 11 3 Y B(~ .l II'I e ll Il C nu cr y n a 5Jro ,u.I1 11) Y:VIlIII51 10 T or pc­
H3Mell CHIUI B l{ e p TC1I\ a X cnHHK H H nOJlOlfKH na (tlHrypy C sornyrojl
3 0 1\ T I /l I , onyc xa s TOIIK Y HI ( no.'Ty4aIOT TOII KY H ;) .
C" HHO M H aucrynaiouma >KIlBOTO I\l
T OII K Y T; COC;:JJI IIHlOT C T0 4KOi'1 Y cne rxa B bill y K.IIQ i'I ,T1il I!II Cii, a C

H 3 ~ e Il C ! llI n B K OIl CTPY K UI1I1 OCHOBbl EH OC5JT B COOTB CTCTl3 1111 C

T ~ llK Oii 11; - n p 5l jlO i i.
OTKJlO IIClI IJ5DIH B oca n x e qm r y p bl. E C: I II 113 :1(\ '111:1 BhI IlO.l 1151IO T 113 T I\Cl iIlI , .!1 Cr KO 1I0 }I.Jl3 10 Ut e iic H 8 .'1a )I' ­

C!l IIIi /\ Il, LIr o 6 bI ne nonuepxnaar i, OTK,1]OlI eH I1H, n p o r l16 To T, Ho-r CfI.'l(j[j oi"l o 6 p a 6 0 TKe , TO KO II CTP YK T Hl3 fJblC n a xie ue u n» crnnucn
4 aC H l4 11 0 11 .1 11 Il O,1110CTb IO npO II'3 BOiJ,51T Iwa i K J!O- Tc n : lO no i'1 o ti p a ­
(p !I C, 19,0) n a Jl ll ll lll1 T a J!l W y a e .n11 4 1lBaJOT Jl II W b a a 0,75 Y Be.r111II CJII151
6 UTI<OiL
B bIe j l K II Ta .'I II H IIpOTH B HOp M !.>1 II .'1,1] 51 co x panenns n po ri o p u n u c n a u ­
n O.10 1I K il . D..'l o;J yr o u n e n u n 6 <t .'13 I1c a TO'IKY T~ o n ycx a ior n o 'T II HlHI
KII I1a CTO.'IbK O )K e Y ~ lell b walO T nporuo B 60 K O BO~1 cp ea e. 11a 0,5 C.lt
COLTJ aC II O .\'l e p Ke n TC o n y c x a io r TOlf K Y A (nony naror TO IlK y A'), 1I A ~T4 na 0,5 BJK H n OJIY 4 a lo T T04KY T~ ( p u c . 19 ,6 ) . 3aTc ~ 1 ec Co­

30 31
CJ.HH HIOT r o p u a o u r a .n. u on .1 11 I1HCH C JIH HHe H n O.1Y3 a HOCa H T 01[K Y
n ep e CC'I eHII H 0 603 l13 1[aI OT 0 YKB OI) r.. 3 aTcM TO' I KY T~ COeJl,H HHlOl'
np51Mo l'i JIlI Hll e l f C T O' I KOII Ts. ,UJIIIHY nepe.na OT TO'I K H T ~ Jl,0 BbI C­
uief TO'l K H ro paosnnu OTK,1aJl,bI Ba IO T n o l\Ie pKe ,UTIl II H nonyuaior
TO'lKy A~ , xorop yio COeJl,II H5lIOT C T01[KOI"1 [Js WT pH X OBOfI JIHIIH e iL OT
TO'lK H A '~ n o mlHHII A ~ [Js OTK.TJ aJl,blB a IOT oT pe 30 K, p 3BH blii 0,5 C,lt ,
11 n 0 .1I )"1310 T 1I0n Ylo T O'IKY ropnosmna A ~I '
TI O.TJ O'l K y cnepe n n OT .nIlHIlH T 3 .nH H Jl,0 Hl 13 a p a CW H p 5IIO T H3
0,75 BiK II 11 3 0,25 B iK Y ~ Ie Hb w a lo T p3C TBO p nepen uen BhlTa'lKII.
T~T~= 0 ,7 5 B iK .
1'13 TO lJKIl T; OllyCKaIOT Be pT H K a,1 bHy lO .1IH HHIO , P 3 BII YIO oT pe3KY
TH + 0,5. Ilon yueuayio T O'I KY 06 0 3 Ha'l a1OT 6 Y K BOfI H~· T OII K Y ne­
peceueuns 3TOII .1111IHH C JIHII Hel'i oeJl,e p 0 0 03 Ha 'l a IOT 0 YK BOI) E~.
W II P H HY ·n O.1I O' I K I1 H3 .TJ II Hll ll 6 e Jl,c p OTK.i1 aJl,bI Il 3 10 T OT T O'IKH E ~. \'
T O'lK Y T;
COCJl,II H51 IOT n p 51:'IOi'I l Ill Hll e i'I C T01[ K OI1 r s.
i'
\
Ilp or uo Il 60KO BO ~f cpese T3T s y Bem·I 'I HIl3IO T na CTO.1l bKO, na
CKO.1 b KO Y~l e H bw 3 10 T npomo n 6 0 K OBO,,1 cpese crnmxn. Il porn o B
1\\ \
6 0KO BO ~I
cpese n Oo1 O'I KII "IOiK CT 6 bITb YB eml lJeH ' la CTHlJIIO sa cuer
orn onaeepun mu ooxonoro cpesa F s Il JIe BO n o ropn sonr am.a of JIII­ --I ~~1:jJ' I
11 11 11 aa 0,5-0,75 C,It. TI o .1 Y 'I eII Il Ylo TO'l K Y 0 003 113'1a IOT 6p: BOii r; 1, ~\ I
Ha ary iK C Ile,TJ ll 'l lIlIy yxe usur a ror npom o 113 .TJ H Hl lH Ta.TJllH B 60 ­ I · .J )n~ ' !I I I{! I
xonon Bb1T3 '1Ke (orp eanoxi 6 0 'l Ke ) ll llll OTBO;J.H T sepumn y BbI T3'1 K II \
13 .1e I30, K aK noxaaa HO na '1Cp T e)J{ e. \ I
I'1 3 M e ll e ll ll 5I Il nocr pceunn n .TJ C'I CBOr o cpesa n p o il M bl , OOKOB Oii \ I
BbIT a 'lK H n OK 3 3 a Hbl na -i epr e»;e. \1 I
,UliH n OJI YlJellHH Il bII1Y I'.10CTl I na s ucryn i K I1130T3 n o JIHH Hlf n p o ­ I
pes a OOK0 13 0r O ica pn ana CTpOH T I3bIT a'l K Y . E C.'1 ll no.nouxa CKOIICTP Y ­ I
a ponana C or pean u » OO'l K O,,1 II nepcnneu BbIT3'IKOI\ K aK Il uaiu exi I
np nxrc pc . II usrra u xa K sl(6 YiKC IIp e Jl.YOIOT peH3 , TO 11 3 su cr yn il{lI ­ 1,5
I
13 0 Ta ec paC I UIl p m OT Il 3 Bc m l 1IH Il Y K6K7. 118 117 .J
Bcn nunua p acrno pa KGK7= 0,5 T ~T; = 1,25X O,5 = 0,7 C,lI a g
(oxpyr.te nno) : H6lJ~ = KsK7. B em1'lIIHY pacr nopa BblTa 'lKH KGl( j
\I Oi K l IO !!O.'1Y 'IlITb rp (.1lI )Il lJ C CKHllYTe ~ l, KaK nOKa 3 alI0 na ucprexce PIlC, 20. I(oppcKTHpoB anHc .'lel,a.'l na (!Hlrypy C nor uyro ii crnmof n nu crynaro­
( )IO f(r ) . JIII IIIfIO K7H~ n o JIIH IlIH IlH 3a OTBOJl,HT na 1 C,It, or xreuaa unrst Jl\ 1!DOT OM

TO lJKY H ~. O Tp e 3 0K K7 H ~H~ xr oxcer ObIT b OCTa B,1CH KaK npnnvcx B 1 C,II (ua 0,75 y BeJIH'I ellll 51 BblC"IK If r a m nt ) , 3aTe M JIeKCl .110 p3 3pC3 a ­
it a cn Y ' l a ii paCW H pClIll 5I HH3a H3 Jl,C.lJll H. lOT no .1H H1IH rp y.iu H B T O'IKe r
Be pX IIIOIO uacr i, nexana or nonsrr
BBC p X !I 3 0,25 G.11. B T aKO~I nO.'IOil\ CHlII I 06 ~lCJImO T xonry pu cnHII Kl !.
K OP P CI\ T1lpOB allH C 6a 30BbiX JICK a.ll cnHHKH H noao-rxa na qJlirypy Ot pesnoii 60 l1OK. JI CK3 .10 pa 3p C3 a lo T n o .11IllHH T 3 JI JilI C Jl13Yx
c nornyroti cnHHOH H BblCTynaIOlUHM il\HI30 TOl\l c r o p o n , HC ;lOXO,1 rJ ;'1-0 m lHHH 001 (p II C. 20,6).
Or TO'IK H T Bep x HII fI CpC3 II a K .'l a }J, bI BaIOT n a lJIJiEH lIfl 11 3
s 0,25 CJ I,
a c o CTOpO H bl IlbIT3lJ K II p a 3 BO;UlT J18 0,25 CJ t H, nO.10iKIlB .1 CK a .1 0
CI1I1 Hl\a , JI c K a .1 0 n o .1 H HHll ra.mn: P Cl 3P C33 IOT . B e pX IlIO IO ' W CTb
.te x a ns y TO'l K 1I T2 (pH C. 20,a ) H aK.TJa,IT.bIBaIO T n a IIHiKHIOIO n a ua rtcaus , 0 6 :'IC~1511 0T
KOJITyp bl 60 .
1ma

n O/l O II KQ. JI eK3 no p a 3 p CJ ClIOT n o .111 11II1I TamIII 11 , nO .10iKIIB n n : « ­

0,25 O t. a y T04KH T] - na 1 C,ll , o o p a s y» no rto.ma r em, n bl II np o rno
111010 ua cr i, H3 TKa H b , BCpXIlIOIO ' W CT b c o CTOPOIl bI I l o.1Y3a fl oca OT ­
32 33
3-895
 13 0 .:0I"r nrsc px lI a 0,75 0 1 ( uc.m uu uv OTlCI OII ClI lI H B :\ICP I\C LI TII ). TC \I
ol· \ t e ll l CIIIlC :\1 51 r O}l l1U r a to k e C:\Ie w. a CTC51 uu cxnc a T3 .7111 11 , 00 b1'II10
Il 11O,rlOnIl Il Il O,\ l jl(j 3 ~ ICPC Ll C.1IltJJ1 I1bl O ICIHC II IIH 5I rO !UILl .
C<I \ I I>I:\I pa ClIJIl pH51 1I0 ,1 0 t ll,y 11 0 .u nnnt IIO..T )'3il IlCJC3 ( puc. 20,A) .
I Im l\II ioro ' Ia CT G .nexa.ra OT DO;J,HT BIII13 11 3 0,5 C II . nllHI IIO 1I0 :I Y3iJ ­
1I0 Cil 0 '1' T ' l.'H III ;J.O 1111 3 a llP ODOIl HT nepr tuc a.u. no. 1·1 B TaI\O \ 1 1I0 .10/l' C­
IlIlJI 06 \IC.1HIOT ]' OllTypbl 1I0 .1 Y3 8 11 0 c a • .1 J1 I1Il ii rop.rounnu, n .1 C'I a II U J III('Il('IIIlSl B uepreacax CnllIIKI1 \I n OJlO'IKIf na cPl1rypy C n.i ocxun u
II P C i'I ~ I"I.
Slr OJl, lf uaMIl II B bl c T y n aJO Il~ II M iK lf BOTOM
I'Io .'11 111 11 11 npopcaa 1\<I [1\l(l l li1 ; l C: I<lIOT BI>ITa 'l I\Y na nuc rv n i l\ lI­
BOT' 1. 01' TU' II, II 1< 1 BII I13 f1jJ0 I3 0 ;l HT n p H \ I Y'O : 11 1111 110 :W
nepccc-r cuua
CC C .'1I111 1Ic i'1 1III 3 a 11 IIO: I\ "WIOT 10'11\\' H i, Or TO lf l,11 H i B: IOUO n o lkpT C'lI\lI CTp 0 51T 11.1 11 11 3 \J CHCII1I5I B KO JIC TPY f\l~ IJ Il ocnonu Ilp OJl 3 ­
.'l 1l1l1l1l -1I113H OT I' : I ' J.:l bIBil IOT OTP C301\ . P il Bll l>l i'l B ;'I\ . nO J.lIT B COOTn e TCTBllI 1 C OC3JI KOi'I (jlll r y p bI. 0 6 1 ,C:\1 (jlll r y ,pbl 110 cp a s­
II IIO.'I\"lI<1I0 T TO' ''\\ H". 3 'lTC .\ 1 'r o -n c v fi R , OC: UI­ Il CIIII IO C T Jl IIOBOii 1I3 :\l ell IW C51 r .r nunu x, 06 pa 30 \l II lI ilK ,1 01l1l 0?-1 n a­
ll HIOT C TO'l I\Oj ', 1( ; II no.ryuaro'r PH C'f ll OP ut-rr a -r ­ IIpa13.1CII IIII - OT cn nnu B 0 0.1 aC TII .1011 a ,. 01\ ;J.O y p o n u u nucryna
KII I hl( 11I 7. n o 11 0 : 1YlfC II IIbl\1 CjW J <I \1 OO \ I("15110T · I\IIB Or;l .
1\0 1lTy p bl o Ol\o ll oii u a c r n nO J10 ' II' II. II p 0 [1('3 I, " p ­ C II II H /;0 , C p C.l 11 101 0 .'111 111 110 CII III II, lI OT .1111l1l11 ra .l I1 11 ..1. 0 II n aa
\l a ll a , II IIJ II .i p. 1'111 , ( p il e . 22. a ) O IC' IH3 10T n n pa so li e \ 1(' IICC uc xr n a 0.75 DC'.l H­
Bee 3 T II o uc p a u uu xroryr 6blTb 11[1 01 13 BC: l Cll ul l!i l ll hi n l ClUC III15I str o.uu t, n n a u e cruuuca OYJlCT OT CTan a T b OT dnny­
IIC p C.:l IlI I;·!\ IW i'l .W l\ i1: 1. phI. I IiI CTO.1 b l\ 0 i l\ e .l.lH cox pa n c uu n npouopiuru CII III I1\11 O le Ula JOT
rI O:1Y' ICIIII 1>1ii '1C[1TC'il\ PC I\0 \ IC1t'"l) e ICH IIP OBC­ UOI\OllblC cpcau , T Otl KY A n a 0,5 C.l 1 C\l CIU,3 10T BB Cp X, IIIl 3 CIIlI lI IOJ lIpH
P 11Th 11 0 :\I c p « H:\1 II II p l111 5lT bl \ 1 j1CI ClJCTCI ~ l. ra 1\ 1\;11\ 3TO?-1 113 U,G CII yK op(l'lJ1BaJO T.
II C1'O'Il IOCTb II I\ OP P CI\ T I1 ]W BI\ C i1C I\ 3 .r1 ;-'lO i l\ C I' 11 0 ­ J In lI H,\ ! C'I Cll l l bD l TO'l )\ <I \I Bhltl CP'I lI ll <llOT IWIIT y pbl CII ll lI l\H , xa x
1 1. ~ C 'IIJ :l Cl coo o ii ~ l l a lJ I1TC .'lb l1 hIC OT I\,10 I1CIIII51 1l n OKH:W IIO u a 'I CP TCii\ C.
tco n cr p yxn u u ll::J ilC.1 11 51 . n O,W III; (/.. LI:I >! YTO'lIIClI II 51 O a .'l ClIlc a 'I'O' II\ Y T] lI D ,1 11l1l11l A.,T"
ll lly CI,3 10 T n a 0.5 B i l\. II Il O.1 YlJ<l IOr T OIJI\ Y T;
( p n c , 22, 6) . 3aT CM
<1l lfrYPA C n JlOCKllMI1 5J rOn llL.I, AI\H I cc COC.1 11 1IHIOT ropnaorrr a.n.nof .11l11IIei'1 C .l I1 ll 1lC ii I1 0 .'1Y3 il lI o ca II
11 Bb IC Ty nAIOU.lI1M )K IIB OTO." TOIII, y nc p ccc u e nn u 0 0 03 11 3 '1(\ IOT 6yl' IlOi'l T ~. 3 aT C\l rouxy T; CO ~
1'.1111 IH10'J n p 51 \l o ii ,1 lJl l ll ci'l C TO'l IW j'l T 5 . JJ. .1 1lIl Y n o p o .r a or TO 'I KII T.I
I hi p IIC. 2 1 1I0 I\ ,J3 C1 1f() (!llJ r y p ,l . I\ CHOp, 151 n o
.'J,O Bb lC lll c il TO'l I';11 r o p .l 0 Bll ll bl or xn anu na ror lI D xrcpxe J],TII I I H
11 3 \ 1'-'1H.' 111 151.\ 1 C r . C1 , Co . WI'. B Il K 11 I h, CXO.'"l Il Cl
C T IIIIO[JOi'! ,11 1<1 .110 1'1 ['111 0 1'0 p asxi ep a II pO C1"<1. 11 0 nO j l) uaror TO'lK) A;,
KOTOp yIO COC.'"l lI lI HIOT C T0 11 1\Oi'l n
s. Y ro jl
OT,'l lI lJCl C' TC H OT IICC n o o c n u x e . ~ . ;Iil l1110ii diu r-y­ r YT IOi l\l\1I n pu ::J TO:\[ ll CCI\ O: l b I\O y :\IC lI b UICl IOT. B blCIIIY10 r o ux y re p ­
P h! ~·n.1 0 I Il C I I I JI 5lr o .'"llJl( hl 11 OI CIILCll bI BIICP C'.'"l 11 0 .ronnnu OTB O]HT 1J .1 e 1J0 ua O,G C.II , 000 31Ia 'lil51 cc A ~; , n OT n e e
OTI IOll lC Il lI lO I( BU l' Tyn Cl I0 I111 I \ 1 T OlJK CI \ 1 CIIII II!JI.
Ilc' .'IC.'"l CT ll ll C n er o il\ lIflO T BhICT\" n (JC1' I1C r o.n.i co
OIK ,'I,l;lIJlB il IOT 1lI Il p lI ll Y Il.1 C'I a s.n;
rI o ,rIQ'I !';Y 1I0 .TJII llli H n OJIY3a ­
lIOC ;] o r ,1 11 11 1lIl T a :lIIlI ;W 1I1I3a P Cl ClIIHP 5110T n a 0,75 B:«, n pn 3 T O~1
lI rI y p o n n c TCl;:"IlI . 110 I ~ rumcc. C nun a 11 [111 T <Il\O i'1
WI 0.25 13i l\ vxrern.tnator p acrn op ncpcnneu nurau su. T~T~ =
OC<lIII,C I1 p nOOp CT <l C1' OO.;ICC B hl ll YIU YIO (llOP\ I)',
= 0,7:1 BiK ,
if r p y .u, YII: I0Il lit CTC51.
l-I3 : LC:I II C. CJ\ P OCIIl IOC l ID 'I Cjn Ci I< Cl :\1 1I.111 .1 C' Ka ­ I I.~ TO'lI\II 7'8 o n YCl\ a IOT llCPTlI I\(j JI b Il YIO : 11l1l1l10 ;'1.0 I11I 3 a, p a n ­
:I:1 \ 1 ; l. JH run o n o ii cjil l ry phI , n pn npuxropxc I1 H rn ­ IIY IO J"l J+ O,57 0.75. Il O.'1YTICll ll YIO TOlJKY 0 00 3 1I3 lJil iOT H;' . TO 'IKy
PII C. 21. (!:> Il r yp a c
Ilm l CKIi W I aro.urun­ I\Y IO (ll i l r y p y Oy: l CT C3 C1 _'"l 11 Il OO:lHCT lI CII;LCI1I1 51 lIepC'CC'IC lI lI 51 C .uuureii OC;lCP 060 3Ha lJa lOT 6 Y1\1l0i'I E ~ . W IlPIIlI Y
U 1111II 1\0 \ 1 OTCT i1Il a T h . a CIICPC;U I r ccuu xi .
~fIl II uu crynruoum n lIO.10 11I \1I ua .'1I1 H II II OC; t CP orx.ta .u.ma tor OT TOlJl\H E ~ ( 1l0.TJ OlI Ka n o
/I\II BO T () ~ I I3 e : l ll'll1l1y C\I CIIl CI1IIH HrO.'"lIIIl 11IICp C: l II COOT­ .11I1I1I1I (l O'l I\ <I 11.1 11 OOI\O Bo r o c p e aa OT r an u n l\H lIJ Y .uOJlil\Ha 6 blTb
ll CTCT IlCll lI O Il C: lll lf llll Y uucry n a iI, 1I1l0T a s ax p o ir ­ COIJTB l' TCTfJl' llI lO cyacc u a, xa K 1I0 K3 3 alI O 113 lIe p TeiKe ).
UUI I\ :\lO i I\ CT on p e x c.urn. , n p II.10i1\1I1J Ca Il TlJ \ IeT­
I lo.toac e uu e p ac rnop a 6 0 Ko n o !'1 Il bIT a 11K 1I (O T p C3 1I0 ro OO'lKa ) 11 3 ­
p O U)'IO .1C IITY C r p Y 3 0 ~ J 1\ BbICT Y!lClIOlU lI.\ I TO '11\,1:\1 CIIII II J,1 (01.
~leI B I I 0T , l\ a K II ! l ,l 51 cpll r yp b l C BbICTY IJa IOlH lI \ l iKII BOTO),I: 110 : ICIJO­
p llc.2 1 ).
\ ty CP C3 Y n p o r u o n a .11I1I1l1l r a .run 11 3 0,3-0,5 C,1/ yv eru.uraro r , IlO
P ,l CCTm ll IIl C or BhlC'TY IlCIIO IIUIX TOlJCK 51fOJUIU no
OTBCClIoro n o­
11 (lCl1l0:\lY - u a CTO.1 b1\ 0 i KC YBe.~J I lJlIlJa IOT 11 .111 }l,OCTlI r a IOT 3 TO COOT­
.10 i I\ CII II51 CCl IlT JI\! L'Tp On oii : ICIl Tol p a1311 0 nu cr yny i!' 1l1l0 HI.
.1* 35
:l-!
 IJ~ A~
~ A ",
Ap ~
,q'

\
J
/
"if ~ I
~
I \

/ ) ~ ~ rI - -"918
,.
~

1
\
I ~, I I
I I
I II \'I I

!:w
I I I I
I I ,I I
W I ,I I
~f1T~ III~ I
,1
...
I
I I
• !¥1 M :J
iII J,.l:;ge:=......-i Fz:::::c::ah:~
I I
I 1 I J
5 8 1' I
I I /
I 11 58 j I I
I I I I
I I I
I \ I
II I I
HI fit! ~t -...- - - - ;-1 @ I I \I
H II
H; I
I \I
o I \
0,
Pile, 22. Haxrcueuuc II<:p I Ci Kd o eI IOH!>! 11 <1 (]JlJryp y c n.lO CKII.\ 11I S1 r OJ1 I1U<I\ li l L\, _ _~
II nu cry naroumxr X(JI IlOTO'.1
a o r
'Ii
B eT C T B ~I] O[UCrl Il MlIK IIO -T cn.'IOB oi't OO p i10 0T KOI1, II CCI' O.l I> I\ O OT ll O.l H
Ii
60'lOK BJI CBO. 11 3 ~ h.: Il C H Il H 13 n ocrpoenu u lI .'IC lJCUOr o cp eaa, n p of ~ l h I, PII C. 23. !\0PP <:I( TJIP OIHi IlIlC .~CKa jl na ljJlIl') py C 11.~OCJ(II MII Il r O; Ull W 1.111 II a ucryn aio ­
OO I\ OBO H 13b[Ta'II,1I 11 0 1\<1 ,1£1 111>1 n a 'I CP TCjKC. llllU! jK I!IlOT O ~ l

Koppcxm poeanue 6a3 0 Bbi X JlC KaJl na ¢urypy C 1l.10CKIIM H

nro n nua a u II B i>lCTY ll a I O l U H ~ l iKHB OTO M POIILI cpcnnero CpC3 Cl na 1 C.It , eo CTOP OHL! OO ](OB OrO - 1I3
0,25 C.I/ " , Il,:!.'[cc, ITO.l0 fl<HB .rexa.to ua T K3 11b, cpc!I,H1010 .JII1HHIO
CnUIiKa. Jle xano 11 0 .11l1l HH iIl rp ynu (u.m Hllil\e PC na .3-4 CIt )
Crrll lll( 1l OT .'1 II HIII [ r p y n n J.O 1I11 3 a e~ I C [H a IO T un p a n o li n 0,75 ncnn ­
11 r an n n pasp eaaior (puc. 23. a) . Flo .1 1111HH r pY.l.l1 l L' ](8.10 pa sno ­ LJ IIl IlJ! ynn ouieunn 5l rO,1. I1 U, 0 6:\'l e.1H!O T 1\O IIT yp bJ cnuu xu, y x o p a -nm a a
A HT eo cr opouu cpe.u rero c pes a ua 1 CJt , oo x o s o r o - n a 0.25 cx
Ce n p lt 3 TO :\1 IT O H[BY ua 0,5 CJII, x ax 1I0 K8381l0 n a IICp Te}](e.
Flo .'1HHIlH r a.nn: UCpX HHii c p es ll a K.13 ,.'J. blBa IOT n a II ll lI<llll i', : eo CTO­
.. Bee UJl <PPhI 3,D.CCb II n a ne e n a nu Kal, npnsi e p.
36
37
 Orpeznou aO I/OK . •' I CI' 8 .rIO p a 3 pC3 8 10 T n a TCX II{ C y p OB II HX, lIT O
BI1I\ = 48 { 1); n" = 9,.5 ( -I- 2):
II ua cnuuxe. O r .u umu 00 1 ( p II-: . 23, 6) n o ,'IH II II II r py.i n ( 11 .1 11 flP IL1 0 i l\ II B 1{ nu cr vuaionmxr I'OLJ I\ 8 ,\1 Cl1lHl bl CC1 J1 Tl I:'> ICT p OB ylO
JIl lil\ C' ) B CTOPO IlY 0 0 1\0 13 0 1"0 cpcaa .1 CI\ 3 .1 0 P <l 3 130: 1HT n a 0.25 c.~ r. 11(.' 111'\c rp ~ 3 0 ~ 1 11.1 11 KO \ I OII HUP 0 I38 11 I1YIO .1 111 1Cii 1\Y (o r. 'PII C. 24 ) .
n o .1 111 / 11 11 '1a.l l111 BCP XIl Il i'1 Cp C3 11 8Kila .l bW8 10 l' Jl 8 II l1iKIl Il i'1 na ,1f{POiJ UlIIl\ onpe.te.ur r , na C!\O ,lb I\ O Bbl C T Y 1 1a IOI ll ~.IC TOLJ KII nro.rn u
0,25 CAr, a , 0 cr o po u u OOI<OB Oi'1 Bb lT(}l!l \l l p a 3 BO.'{HT 11 8 0,25 C.II. 3 a­ OTd OH T OT OT BCl'Ho r o n O,1 0il{e lI JI H Ca lIl ll.\ ICT P OBO II .r en r u ( 13 .1. a 11 ­
T C' ~ I IUJ a;lY T ,'] (' ;, iI "IO ua 'TI\<111 1> II O O~ Il': ISlj O T l\Ol lT\' Pbl 00 '11\;1. I1 p II Jl O\ 1 npux.epc II Cl ,'1 C.lI ) .
:H O\ I ,: n p C] !lo i'r (i OlJOK llO .1 1111 11 11 0 0 ]{O l!Ol'0 cpcaa E C. I II npn nsrn., 'I TO y pa :JOlI p a C.\ loi'1 ljlll ry pbl na 0,7.5 C,lI yne.m­
C: 'il( i110T ua ("10,'11, ]\ 0 , ua (' KO.lb J< O C,\I \: IIHlI O 'j ClII IIl ­ 'Ie ll (\ n jlO'l Il J) 11 0P ~ l bl 'I\ P II 1:l 11 3 11a en II IIbl . rorn a BC,'I IILJ IIII a yn.iouicn 115l
Ky . Kell, no x asa uo 11 <1 Ilc p rC'iKC. Hr O'lllll II H~ l e CT C C 1161 IlC,1 1Jl IJII I <l B I,I CTY II <l iK IlBO Ta c oc r a nur
{f (J)/ OI Il~ a , l Io.toxc n n . tcxa.i o II:! 1'1\<1 l1b. 1I0: IO LJ · 2,25 c.\{.
Ky ( p il l' . 2:3,u ) no :li l iiJlll f1ll .1Y] 8 1Io .:a o r : 111111 111 Fl pu icoucrp v u pouau uu lIJ J. e .l II ii ma '1'8 1\)' 10 (Il ll r y p y OCOGylO
r a.n u: i J,O 111I:l a p acunipmor 1Ii1 IJC.'l I1LJ II IIY iliK \..1 0/l\ll OCTb n p C; l n 811.1HCT p a Clle T Oa .13l1 ca 1I3 }l C.'11151. J L;l ll ll bl i'1 'npn­
c Y LJC I'() ~ I y xrem .ur eu un p ac ruop a fl CP C; UI Ci'1 nu ­ Me p n C I\ Cl3bll Ja CT. lIT O li e BCe L l<1 COOTJ IOllI Cll lI C naxi epcunfl 11.'1'11 ][
TiI' II\11. Jl C I,iI : IO no : \II 1l1l1l Ta : 11 11I p a:J jl Cl,li OT II .n 1'C. II P1111 H ThH~ : 1.'1H p a C'I CTa 63 : 1a II Ca 1I11C: l ll i'l, a T Cl l\ il\ C COOT II 0­
O'I IlOJIHT OT .'111 1111 11 II n:lY ] (I 11 0 CCI IW CPX na 0. ,) C 1/, iueu uc 113\l l' P CH ll ii .1 ,l 11'H bI ncciirpn r ypu C3 '1.l 11 II cncp c.m HIl :1 5lIOTCH
BHI U I lfl 0.5 C.lI. C: J CTOp OH" 1 OOKO!l Oj'l B" IT Cl ll ­ nOl(a33 Te .'H ~ 1 1I o n pC}le.'1 CII II Oi i ocau xn (jl ll r y p bl. 0 .11111 naxi c penuu
1( 11 pa 3UO : lHT 1IC1 0.2 C ll. no .'111 11 111 1 rp y.ut CO '~.1 11 11 l>1 . OOXB a TO[l, ump nui; (Ill lr:, p hI (' 1I1C II C.1.0 CTa TOlJIl 0 xa p a xr cp n ­
C'I 0rO /I" 1 1I 0 : 1 ~ 3<111 0C a OO P ;U YIO I' ex, \(T;l I\ Y u 3\IO T 1l 0 ,'l Oi l\ CHII C II (llOp"l>1 or .te.u .u u x '1a n ci'! r c.n a II Ip C.l b Clp a '(] l l l ­
0,25 ClI " II OO\ l c : mI OT lil Kln! OO PWIO\ ! !W ll r y p J>1 6 ' p bl B Jle .I1 0 ~1. Y ;l a ll ll o i'I (jJll r y pbl COOT II OIII CllllC :-ICp OK 11.rc II 11. 1'11
JIO: IO' I I( 1I ; LO : IH IIJl II npopc.ia OO KOBor o ]{8 p :'> I C1H a . 110 111 '11 1l0 P ~ I a.rt.u OC, r a x h a I, n bl II YI\: I OC'I b CHll ll bI y paB l10 13 CUlI1 Ba ­
nO Jl~' '1 C I I J I ''lii IfCp TCiJ, P C K O~I (,II ,lYCT CH npOB C­ e TCH nucr yn oxi )101 BOTCl , 3 II.l 0 ClW CT b r py.rn - y n .'10 1l1CI I1l0C T b IO
p l lT b 11 0 :-1(;1)/«1.\1 JI ; Ip ll11511 '" \1 p ;J l" l l~ T ( D l. 51rO:J.lIIl , I-I CXO.1.H 1I:l upuu nn.tx n p aB II:I P il C'I CT 3 oa : I8 l1c a ll :l ;l C .~ I'H
I ,:00 rJl OlllC II JI51 Jl:r c II J1
TIl . nu cm a 51 TO'l l\ 8 ro p.ron 11 11"I 1I0 :I O'l 1\1l
J~O.li1\ II i1 Il il lJC In Ci h c l\ P 0 51 pa cno.iarrrn.cn n pn xic pu o 11 8 0 ,'11 10 \ 1
4'll fYI'A CYTYJIASI C nJ10 C KIl M Il S1 f Ot Uf UAMlf y pO IHI C C B bIClll Ci'1 TO IIKOii r o p .l 0 BII H bICI 1l11I1' 1I, 11 0 sr oro C1 C .~a T b
If BbI CT yn AIO UlIIA\ )fO i BOTO M ue.u .a n. TiI K I, Cl K rlm ry pa CYTy : ICl51.
11.m l 60 .1<' C n pa un.uar o ro pa C'I C'Ta 08 :la1l C8 JI3 ;le .lI1H , 0Ilp C.1C:1C­
I !:J p il l' . 2·1 n o x asa u a <Ial r yp a, KOT o p a H 11 0 1111 51 yponncu c rnn u: n II no.iou xn, .1 .1 11 II bI 3 T IIX n er a n en 'JI a o rne.m.­
1J:l .\ i Cp Cll ll n \ I Cr. Cr, Cu 11 11 0 COOTll OUI C llI lIO J1 3 ­ uu x Y' l aCT I\ 3 X IrjJll r y p LI PCI\ O ~I CII.1.~ e TCH P ,l C'I .1 CIlIITb xr ep xn ,UT C ,II
\l cp CIJ J1 ji Jl rc II .Tr u ( B : WlJ lI O" /I PII ~ J C p C Oll ll l l'rn. BbU C.'1IIB 11 3 II I1X ~ICP KII BbICOr bJ 3 a ;J,II Cfi npoi'I:Vlbl Banp II nu ­
Oo a p a BlIO YBC: III '1CII " I) cxo.t na C Til 1I0 l!Oi'1 a II a­ COT '" 'n Cp e , lI Tc i'1 np ofixn» B rmp.
.tc rn u.roro p a s vrc p a H pocra. 110 :~ II ,j1 II IT C:I " 1I 0 0 '1' ­ Baup !JI 3 ~I C I)}I IO T OT cc.u. xroro iueiiuoro n 0 3J30 H Ka 'B,l O.l b JI0 3 BO­
,l l1ll <l CTU I OT !l CC n o oca mcc - (' \' 'I"\' : J<I 51. lI : i OCKIIC IJO ' IIUI K;T .10 'y p OBJH! s an nux ~ L :IOB nO ;1. ~ lbIlll e lI1lbI XBna 31Hn C yrr e­
51 ro. t II II bl II Bb 1CT Y11810 11 11lii iKlllio l'·. B 11 3olC .'1II II , 10 :\1 n brCTYII Cl II II H (pil l' , 25. a) .
.t ona r ox
P uc. 24, CJlJl rypa cy·
rr; Jall C 1I.'IOCKIl.\IJI C K P OC l lI I O ~ 1 11 0 If CPTCil\CD l :1 .1 51 T Il Ii O BO i'1 <j"HI rypbl, Fl pn CIlH Tl Il I \ Ie pKII 'B n lJ p c a HT II :-le T p OJ3Y IO : I CIIT Y pa C110.1ara lOT
l lrO:11I118 MII Il Bbt- IIpl1npuxrepx c na p a CUI 8 Tp II Ba C \ IYI0 (Illl r ypy 00 ­ C3 a ,1 11 no OCIIOB ,lII II IO well II i: n YC]\ a! OT OOCID III KOI111<:I :,>11I '11 0 r pyn n
cry naioun r» i l\ JlIlO' nap yaca r cs: ,1 c <I)CKT bl. Co cr o po .iu ncp x ne i r 1I.0 ypOB II5I no.ixu.nuex . 1l 0.l YlJCIIII YI0 xrepxy n e.tnr nonoaa xr
T O~I
l!c:CT Ii CI1I1 I1KII B n a n p a n.r c i n m T a .-l lI JI /I Cp C;W Ci y ­ (pil l' , 25.6) , .3TII :\le p I\H :\I OrYT 'O bIT b CII HTbI KiII{ 0 '1' 7- 1'0 m c Flll o r o
uyr :l a :,ICTl l bl CK.'I CI :I KJI, .1 11 11 1151 ra 1 111 1 CIIC PC : lI l O I C­ !1rJJB OII Ka . Ta K II OT np oex rup vexr or o nnenenoro ursa , 06 03 HaQHB
cr ur cs BI3Cp X, JIO.'10 11I\II I< fl 113 Y O Y:lyT pa CXO:UITbC5J, a na yuac r xe 1I0C:I C.1H II C COOT BCTCT13 e HIl O B 3 11 P II II BIIl IP I I.
r py.u : IJOnB lrr C51 c .l a OIJ II a . Ha cnu.rxe Bo"p y r ,'11[!IJl II II p o ih l bl ori pa­ I"I Pll CII 5lT Hi l ~ I C PO K Banp II 8 311P II , Brinp II Brmp It
3yIOTl' 5I ~ a JIO \l b l . IW P OTI III K OY 31CT OTCTCl B,IT " OT 1lJ e'1I. a CnJ l lIKCI 11 0 J (; ~1. p il e, 25, a, 6) pexoxren'iv ercanpnxr enun, .nncr 16 Y ~I ar ll :J,.1111 10i:\
111 13 y 6 ~ ' :lCT OTCT a BaTb 01' (j)ll rypbl II T. •1­ 00-60 c.lI , C.l 0 i KCHll bri i B lI e CI\O .lb KO 'C.l 0 CB, II Jl O:lJJO i l{CHHbllll3 1'0­
<P ll r y p a fL\I Ce T c,'1e.'lY IO UU IC 0T.11I
'IIIT
C.lbllbIC 1I 3 ~I C P ClIlIH, C,II : PII :',() II T a :l b ll o ~ 1 '1I0 ,1 0 i KCHHII B y no p 'K 'll O!l.:\l bI lll e IIIl bl M B lJa JlH HaM
.uTC= 45. 5 H 2) ; ,UTC II = 48 ,5 ( -1- 2,.J); Jlr Jl = l ). 'i ( +- 1..5; ( .\l Oil{1I0 ,1..'151 YCT On ll HBOCTJI npu xpcrnm, 16 y .l a B K a ~ l H K pytiaui xe 1I3 ­
lI1 C[15IC\ I Or o ) .
,Qm II = 46,.5 ( + 1,5); Illc = 20 ,0 (+ I); lll r = 18,0 (_ 1);
31>
39
 Be.m -unra ~ I ep0 J( Banp
II Bsnp II, Bnnp H Brmp II 3 aB llC II T OT
,
A~
pOCT a, p a a xr c pa II 'n O.1 HOTbl qm r y pbl.
Bu cor a n p o u xn; B 60Jl b UIO fI CH'n eH II 33 I311 CIIT OT Bb l COThI n .r eu ,
rIO OT s r or o COOTHOW CHu e :.l e;'K,J. Y B bI COTOI"i n epe.m e ii 11 3 a .1H e i'l
np orrxua He naxr eunr cs .

II
/8 3np r
B . It.=- - - ., - . / ,
BJnp!J nn

I{S 'I 1 /(7

I, /f~
a
Puc. :W. H axreucn ue YCp TC)Ka OCIIOl!bl Ita q)nrypy cy ry.ryro , C 1I.10 CKI : \ lll nrc ­
II uu c: ynaiouur» )K nlJ OT O ~ 1
.lI. I1 l.( a ~ lH

a
H3M CIICIII HI B xep r eacax cn uus u II n O.I\O' IKII ua ~lIl ry p y Cy Ty JIy
P IIC. 25. ClIlITII C ~ICP O K Banp, Bnnp, BanpII II Bnnp II c n JIOCKHM n nr onu uaa u II BbICTyn aIOUJ,HM )KH BOTOM

Cn unt;a, ,Um IH Y CIHlHK H ( pn c . 26, a) n o JIII HIlII c pezm ero WB

or Jl I1I1I1I1 rp YJUI - T04KII C, Hm I n pn np "M eI1CIIIIII M CpK II Bsn p 11 ­
OT Totl KII C ), y s en u u a a a io r co rn a c u o 1I1epKe Banp II Bsnp II ( n H 3 "
B rrp ID I CIlH ClIIOiJ OCHOBe K OHCT p YK IUIIi cnnuxn 11 n On OlJKII Il 3 TII ­
1I0BY IO cpu r yp y 50 p 3 3 11Iepa , IV pocra cpe,J.H CI'i n Oim OTbI ( p u c . 26 )
WCM np usr e p e aa 1,5 0 /) H II 0 JI YlJ a l OT T OlJKH Al II A:~ . OT T ~t l e K C

aa npoexr upona n u CJI Cn Y IOllJ,II C BC.l llLlll IlbI 113 \l ep CI-IHH : Banp 2 1 c.lI = II 21 BII H3 n o .'1 HHHH TaJIH H OT Kn a JIbl B a lOT OTp e3 KI! zT I H cIT I co ..
H BmJp = 29 0 / n .n oc l\olI CTP YK Tl JnH bI e nputianxn, OTIICTCTB e l1HO pannu e ,UTC - Banp II ,UTC II - Banp II. B bI CW ) ' IO
B 'H a w e :-./ n pnxi e p e ( C\I. p uc . 2-!) Bsnp = 22,5 ( + 1,5) ; Bnnp = TOl lKy .'IlI H1ili Cp eJIII e r O tua a Al ClI CUl aIOT BII p aBO n o ropu aonr ans ­
= 27,5 (- 1,5) . 1I0il .'l ll Hl lH H3 p a cuera 0,5 c.l! OTK.1J OHe lH l H B x epxe O K: A lA; =
40 41
= I C Il . T OII}, \ ' / 1; coe.u ursnor c TO'IJ\O i'1 Y c .rorx a 13 bl fI \ · ]\ .'IOi'1 11010 LJ 3 CTb cro n o :111 11 11 J1 rp v.i u u ax.ian u narcr Il a llH i l\H IOIO '! .1 1l­
lI 11 e iL J.l a.l b ll c-i'I1.UCC '1I0 CT P OCli li C uepxncu uac r n CII HHJ\lI :ral\o(' )K(' 11 1111 In l l .71 ~3a1l 0 e a 11<1 1 ,5 c.1t , y .JIIl HIIIlO OKO l3o ii BbITa lI KlI - H a
Ka l, na cvry. t ym <!l lir y p y (0 1. pII C. 8) , a I1Il1KH Ci'1 lIa CTH - Ka K II 0.25 C,l1. no .1 11 11 11 11 T a .'11I1I Jl ll i l( 1I10 10 ua c r t, Y .1 II1I11l1 IIl OJ1 Y3 a ll o c a
(lm r y p y C 1l.'J OCKII \ I11 nro.u ma v u (cxr . pII C. 22) c o r:la e Il o ~ I Cp J \a . . . llTBO U IT nitu s WI 2 C.Il . Y OOI, OIlOi'1 I3blT ,PI I\11 - 11 3 0 ,2 5 C,lI . Jl HJlIIIO
.1 a Il llo i'1 (l)JI r y pbl 11 ill P lI Il 5IT bJ.\ I pa cucr a ». .\\<11\ TI Ol\ a 3 C1 11 0 I1a IICp Te ) KC, llo. y 3 ' III OCa 0 1' 1' ,1.'11111 : LOlI lI3 il ·n p 0 I3 0 .1 5lT I3e p TlI I( 3.1b II0 .
1
Il onous u. T O'l I\ Y n c p CCClJCIl 1l5J .TJ IIlI Ji lI r pv.n: [ :\[.1 (p uc. 26 ,6 )
e .'11I1I1lCi'1 A I T.1 OOO-lll a'l a lo T 0 YK13 0 i'1 C:I . n .l llll Y n cp e . t a n o .1111111 1
"2.44 OT I\ .'1a ;~ "Jn a l 0 ·1 110 ~IC P l\ C Bn n p . B na me» npn xrcpc T OII KY A
c xi e u t ator 13 1111:) n o n p ~' I.\ l o i'1 ;1 ~C2 'll a 1 ,.5 C.l1. 3 ,lT e:-r 11.1 n o .1 YlJCHII Oi'
T OlJh ll A; sn p an o n p O[}O;l5 IT II P 51 ~lY IO , napa.r.rc.u.nyro .1Il1I1I 1l 11.1 ('
If(' I30ro c p c a a . H OTK: l a JlhIB,ll OT n a lI cii 0.5 01. ll O: IYlJCIl HYIO TO'l Ky
000 3 l1:1' 1a lOT O VI\ll (Ji'l rl ~ .
11 .1 IIIf Y i IC pe.t a . i o : 11111 II II r a.t Il li
OT I' .l a.iu n a 101' 11 0 .\1e p xe TlI II n
o r 1'0 '11\11 A~ , T ·\ . B n a u i c n n p u xicpc T4T ; = 2 C.l l .
11 1l0 .1 YlJ a 10 T T( l ll Ky
T O'l I' y T ~ COC: 1I1I1 HIOT rop uaou ra. n .nou .1 1 1 1111 ~ ii C .11111 i10 ii 1I0 .1Y3 3 ­ 'I ~""--
uoca II IJ(l:IY'l a lo T TOlJKY T 0 , :l a T C ~ 1 TOII1\ Y T I eOC : UI H5110 T m p 51.\l ll ii
l 11 I1 I1 Ci'I C TO ll IW i'1 '1'".
Jl a .l" lI e ii lll c c IIOCT p OC' III1C' n e p x uc ii u a c r u 11 0 : 10 111\11 T a l\ OC iK e ,
1\<1 1\ ua c ~"r Y.'J Y l O (1 ) lI r y p ~', a Il lI il\ lI e i'I II OT p (' ] IIO l'O O(l lJK3 - l\ a E n a
(jH l r y p y c IlJ,' CTYllil IOJll ll:-1 i l\ Jl Il O T O ~ 1, c o r .: a el l 0 113:- l l~ I)(, 1 1 1I 5 DJ :WlI lI o ii
(l)J II' ~ ' PJ,1 II 'IIP III151T J,DI p3 ClICT eD I, !I.: I IIII Y 110 .1 0 '11\11 110 Hl D Y OTK: 13 ­
.'1, J,IBCl IOT eJT .11111 11 11 Ta .ll1 11 r.r; f,O
T~II ; = 'I'll 1- 0 ,5 C.it.
r, I T, ' II ill I \\ I 0,25

r I
II
K oppe xr upoaaune
c yry n y io
6 a3 0 Bbi X .TJCK ' l.'l Cnlll lK I1 II nOJl OIIK II ua Qlllry p y
C n.TJ OCKIIl\l H Slr OJl.Hu ar.111 II nu cry na touunr 1K1l8 0 TOM
I
I
I

I
I
" \

~
I' I
I
I
Il pII B c :~ e ~ 1 O;lII Il 11 3 I30 3 ~I O il\lIb1 X nap u a uron I\OP P CI\ T ll pOB3 11 1151
I I I
I I I
.'1C' 1",1,1 II a 1'3 I, Y10 (11lI r y Py . I
Cnuut:a. JI e Ka:lO c rn n n : n p a 3 p C3 i11 0T OT 1'0'1 1\11 Jl ( p u c . 27, a ) I I I
I I I
( YP OI'llfH .'I OIU!T OI' ) I3 n a np a u .r e n n n 1\ 6 0 1(Q 1l0~ IY c p eay H1l1l\ e .TJ IIH II II I I I
r py.m n a 3 C Il , a TaK/I, (; 111 0 .1 IIJII IIl T a :l JII!. f] O.1 0 )I\ III3 .'1CKa .l 0 n a I I
rx a in., f!CP XIl IOIO c r o '1a CTb OTIlO ;J,SIT 113 1 ,5 C.lI un e p x , e p e ;~ Il JO IO I II,' I
IJ
liZ i I H'
'13CTb cxrc nuuor n a 0 ,5 C.11 13 11 11 3 r a x , '11'0 0 " 1 .1 11 11 11H c pc.me r o iu a a L l J 0/ Hs /I I
c n u nxn 0 1' r a .iun .10 1I1l3 a 0 1>1.13 cxretucn a 0 1' ce n e pnon u u a .n. no r o
II/ Ht H.J l2'- ._- .1­ - - _ 5JI If'
a tf s
n O.l 0 )I\ CIII ISI ( 1IIT pIIX OBOi'I .1 11 11 1111 ) n a 2 C.1l II YKop OlJClI a BHH3 )' n a H~ 6
0, .5 e ll (cxr. p IIC. 27 ) . I' ll" '.n. K oppcrcrup ouauue .r cr.a.t 11 3 (~ lIfYPY CYTy.1 y IO C n.1 0CK ID IIl nr onu­
P acum penuc 'Be p x ll e i't '13 CTII CIlI III I\ 1I lI il CyT y :I OCT b II y x o p a u n ­ lI. a~ 11 1 l! IlbI CT Yll a IO IllIl ~1 »a ruoro »
Ba illi e c e uro 1II13 y 1Ii1 YJl:1O IIlC II IIC HrO : UIU II P 0 1l3 J3 0 ; l 5IT II c pC;J,I3Il)K­
l\O i'l : ICKa : J.
o Tp e3 1LOIl 6 0'101\. H axi enenn n n p o Il 3130 ;J,51T Kil K u a (!IHr y p y C Ocra .u. u u c 11 3 :'1l eH CII Il 51 - CY)I( e lll le nO : IOli KII no m l ll ll ll r pyn u,
n .'JO C K II ~ 11I n r o nnu a xm II B bl e TYl Ja IO Ul II~ 1 )I( Jl B O T O ~1
(p u c . 27, 6) . ll O., y ttc II He p ac r no p a BbIT a lI KH u a BblCTYII )I0 mOT a II ':l p . - n pOII3 ­
Il onosu:a. ll CK3.10 'I10nO IIK Ii p a a p e sa ic r JlII )Ke .1 J1 111111 rp y.m I1a I30 1l.5I T Ka)( lIa (p y rypy e YTy .1Y 10 II C I3 bI CT )~n a I0 l1J, II ~1 }KII130TO :-I CO­
3 C.l 1 II 110 .1111111 11 ra .n m , 3a Te ~ I n o .i o.xn n .r ex a .io u a rxa ns , ne p x ­ .'1 "ClI O xi ep xax; II IIp ll1l 5IT bDI p ac ue r a xr.
2 43
 ¢ ll f YP A C Bbln YKJlbl MH Cn l1HOH Ii fP Y)],bl 4 II~

I-l a p IIC. 28 nOK333H<l qJ Hry p a, KOTopa 51 no A

CllOID I OCIIOBHiJ I:\I II 3 ~IC p e Il H51 ~ I , IJ TO ~ I un c .re n o
COOTllOlU eII lI1{) lIIepOK LlTc H l l.T n , B .u. a H Il O ~1 npu­
xicpe pasn o yu e.l l1tICHIIbllll H3 1,5 C.It , H 1I1e pOI
Il1c, Ill r H B nx, T(JKlKe Y B e.1ll ll CIIIl hl ~ l . CXO,a, HCl
C T1InO Bo iL OJI.Ha l\o 13 H3 D, C,1J111, CKPOC HIIO \l no
ucprc xca 111 W lH JJCKa .l a M tl Jl 51 T1rn ODO{I qll1ry­
pu, Hp H npn xi epxe II3 pa cO I 3Tp fl I3 8e~ I Y I0 rp nry ­
PY oO lIa p Y1K3 TC51 C.1 C;l YJOIJJ,lI e }i CI!l CI(ThI. HO.1 0 t lJ( H
6 y n y T C.l l1Ill KO\ 1 s a xo.n rn, .!lp y r !I CI ~l P YT 3 , a
cnunxa OTCT3 1lCl Tb OT qmrypu, noxpyr nponxn.r
I
K3K c o cr opouu cn unxn, Til l, II CO CTOp Olll,1 n o ­
Jl O'l I\ll n 051B51TC51 3;1. · 1 ()~ l bl H T. n,
3TO C13 I1;ic n ..·l bCT UVCT 0 TO~! . If ro IIC nce r.t : !
OIllI O COOTHOlllCI llIe MCPO K JJ.TC II )J TlI 5Jll.1HeT Cfl J - ..
JI O K3:J iIT C .l e~ ! O Cil lI 1\1l IjHlr ypLI. B }i 3HH O\ ! c.iyuae
P CKO\ I ClI:l YCTC\l JICnO:I b 30 n a TI.> .'LOHO.1 i IIIT C.l b ll bIC
.\l CP KIl B3I1P I I BrJTJp. Y paccv ar pn nuexrof tp nry­
p hi 31'l1 \ ICP KII YBl':lJI 'ICi!iJl na 1,5 C.lt K8iK,lJ.3 5I , II
1I3 ~ IC J I C I Jlln C.1C:lYCT UllCCTlI TO.l 1> I;:O 13 ncp x nn x
'I il CT5iX CnIJlIKIJ JI 110.10 '11\11 - OT .'l 1l1l1l11 r p YJ. I1, CO­
r.racu o orK:IO ll C lIlI ~D I B xiepxax Bs np, 133np II H
Bnup, Bnnp I L n p l fll e ~ 1 na ClllJHI<C. 1\<1 1\ ;'J.,'15J cy ­
TYJIO II tpur ypu , 8 li n noaouxc, K3Kn.'!5I nc per uri nc­
P II C. 28. (t>lIryp a r o n q)JI r ypbl (PI1C. 29,(J, 6) .
C lH,IIIY/(!I hIMlI cnn­ ;\ na.t ornnuo KOp PC KTlI pyio r un 3 0 BI,IC .1CKCl.l ( ;

uofl 1\ rpynsto Clll lH 1\11 II n o.TJ OlJI(IJ (pHC . 30,(J, 6,B) . OCOO OC unn xta­ -
nue C.1CllYCT ) '}I C.1 IITb IpO r ~ IO B811 11 10 cnu ux n II n o ­ a t7
JIO'l KlI , Kill( n O l< Cl 3 8 HO na pu c. 29 11 :3 0. Pu c. 29. na lpllrypy C llblllYKJlL IM Il cnn­
J.'I:! .\ ICII CIIII C lJCp r C)K a OCIIOIJbl
n Orl II rpyns ro
¢ Hf YPA C KP Yf JIO-B Of IlY TO n cnuu oa
iaccxar punacn yto dmrypy OOIIClPY}KlIT C51 xmoro ne!jJe KTOB . Il onon­
Ha ·p n c . 31 'n OKa3 8 Ha dinryp a , I\O To p a 51 no 1I3 :,!Cpe HII 5I \1 C r, CT, 1\11no m lHIl II no.tyaa uoca n a .'lIJ II HH TCl .JIIJH l ie 'C0 ILTJ. YTC51 , na cmmx e
C 6 IJ lIeKOTOpbD I }J.PYflL\! npu aua xa xr IIC3I1 eJlIIITe.lb HO OT.lll 'l 3C TCH ke ua :'J T O ~ l ypO BHC OOP33 YCTC51 c.l aOIJHa . Co CTOpO IIiJl uc pxueu
or T li n OBOl1 aua .iorn uuoro pa axiepa H pOCTa . no 3 1I8 II IJTe.TJI.>II O or.m ­ 118CTII cn n u xn no Ha 'np aB Jl eIIIJI O .'I'IIHIJII Ta mlli ne pena II OT .TJ lI lII lII
lJa eT CH OT nee n o cucen qJ0p ~ le II oca nxe. Y D,aHlIO I1 q) Jl r y p bl I13 rJ1 ­ ra.111 11 nepca a 'n o n an p an.i eumo on uuxn u a y p oane au cr yna 511' 0 ­
6 1.>1 n0 3BO HO'l HHKa '13 nc pe;VIe-3 3J,lIC \ 1 ·H8 n p a B.TJ e HHl I PC ;; !\ o ~ ·u e .11I'IC ­ UIU OOr a 3 YIOTCH ·13 0 .1 1lf,1 - epa ,l }J. bl, 'Df,IHI3 51 TC51 II n pyrne neqJCKTbl.
Il b!. Bu ev xa T a .1IJIJ cse px nopxn; yr.ly6 .1c lla II l31>IC Ty TI bl 51 1'0.1 1111 <!>IJrypa H~ ICCT c,;Ie,lY IOUUIC or .no mre.u. a u e H3 11! ep CII'Il 51 , c.1t:
ysenu uenu , Ta 3 H3 .1IIIll He lI a K.l OHCII nncpe,t , cnnna Jl pJl II II ~l a e T
oxpyr no-nun yxn y.o qJ 0 p ~J Y . Cn epc.i n )KHBOT 1I3 JIJIIll ll C nu ct ynaer , IlJr = 18, 5 (- 0 ,5) ; Ill c = 20,5 (+ I); ,U TC = 45, 5 ( t- 2);
a rpyzn. 3 IH ITC.'l b II0 , a nepenxo II qJ 3 I\T lilJC CKII , yn.to utacrcn . B IJ3 ­
)),Tc II = 48 ,0 (+- 2, 5); ,U m = 54 ,5 ( + 0 ,5); .uT n II = 45, 5 (+ 0 ,5);
.n e .1 HII Il JIH xra xer e (13 na HIIO :-1 cny -rae n p u o n pen e. n e uun TC.TIO ­
C.TJ Oil'e rlII51 OC0 6C HHO p e x o srenn yerca n pIHl eH5IT b 1I1 8K CT) , CKPOC HIIO \ I BIlK = 48 ,0 ( I- I) ; Tlx = 9 (+ 1,5); BT = 7 (+ 2) .
n o '1e p Te }Ka M, .TJe Ka .TJaM lJ.,TJ 51 rnn o soii qJIIr ypbl, n p n npn n epx e I1a

44 45
 B H <lllIe:'vl n p l L\l Cp C xiep tc a Bsnp = 2 2 , 5 C.1t (yne.i nuena na .l ,3 L it ) .
O CTfl,'1 bJl Oc ~ Bc .1 IJl le! III C :'v l e p KlI .Ll TC n p IIX O;l Il TC H na B bm Y I\ .1 0 CT b
<' IlIlI lJl II l1i l' l' y p O BII H 1I3:'vIcp e ll lIH Bsnp . M e p Kn B n n p= 2 8 ,0 ­
n lcll billelI 3 na 1 C.It.
11 3~le lle ll IlH 13 1\0ll CT PY KU lI lI ll a rpurypy C KPY L10 -Il OrIIYTOi'1 CII Il ­
11011 .l iJIl O c n o c 0 6 0 :'v 1 xo p p e xr np una nua Oil 30IlhlX .rex a.t .
ClIll Hf;a. .Tcxa.t o CIl Jl IIl( 1I (pu c. 32, u ) p a 3pc33 10T B .lB yx ' I C­
cra x: 11 ,1 7- 8 C.l 1 II IIil\ C 13ep IlJII H b[ OOI\O BOr O cpeaa
!~O TO ' f1\1l j l II no : 11I1IJl ll r a .n u u . 1l 0 n o /K II 13 paap e­
];H1 ll bl C qa CTl I .:IC I\3 .'J3 na T Ka H h , J3CPX ll IOIO u a c r i,
co -ro pou u OOl\Oll or o CpC 3 3 OTBO ; UlT 13BepX JIi]
0,75 C.II. Y TO'I I, I[ .~ I nepxmoio '1a CTb OT Il O.'l>IT unep x
na 1,5 C.1/. a 1I IIi l, I1JOIO OTJ30 W IT nnus na 0 ,5 C.\ l.
Il o :[ 11 11 1111 I a : HIII II J1iK IIIOIO LW CT h .t e xa . ta na­
!':l il. l bl lJill O T 1IC1 n e p X IJlO IO - y OOI\ O BOrO cpeaa
11 <1 D.;) C II . Y cpe.u rcro - na 1 C.lI, OOp a J yH no
,1 11 111111 cpc.u rcro IJJIHl y n e.l lltl C ll ll bl ii uporuo IJa
1.5 CJ I (0 ,75 Be"I Jl 'I II Jlbl OTK:IOII C II IlH B :'vI C1' I\ C
13 1). II ra 1\11\ 1 o o paao xr OO:'vle.rI HIOT 1I3" ClI C[H lbI C
IW llTy p b l CI[I II I K II, [[1'['1 3 1'0 ' 1 nepen nna. enn cu
.'1e l; ,, : 1 pacun ipsnor ne px ino ro tI n CT!> cumu.u. xa«
1l01, 3 3 :I 11 0 JI a 'J CIHCiI,C .
O TP i?3NOll 00 1/0 "' , ) l eK a ,1 0 OT p C3 J10 rO OO 'l Ka
( puc, :32,6) JliI: J.P C3 Cl IO T na TCX i l(C y p OB JlHX , 'I T O
II I l iI cn. uure, lIC CKO: l b KO Il l' ;l, OXO.1 fl : 10 ,'I II IIII Il
00 1• !\ PelH n O: l p C3 0 B 3Cl;1,1lC ii ua cru 0 0 t1l( a pa 3 ­
BC '"! IIT uu rro.u.xo, na C KO.1 b KO II X 1' a 3 BC:1 1I n Go­
KUHO.\ I C'jW 3 C U liI IIK[I , a 11 0 :[Jl II I111 Ta :1 1I11 un:«­
IIl u !O '1;ICTI> lI d K: I , U b ll la IOT n a 13 C1' Xll IO IO , ua
0, O,O: I1,I W ~'T O 6"':10 c.ic.ian o 13 OO KOBO\l Cp C3 C
1:1 111 11 1\11. I3 ncpc.tnc n lJa CTlI O O' ll\ Cl OT .1 II un II 00 1
a o (j :Cl 3 TII onopa uun I1P OII 3 13 0 ;lHT B 06p ' lT II O.\I 11<1'

P IIC. :1(1. l(0PP CJ(l IIPO []i1IIIIC .rci.a.t lIa {jllll"y p y C ' ll,ll ' yl '.l b" l ll C1 III1 Jliii
Jl jl il B, ICII IIII , cor.t a cva IIX C 11:l ~ Ie Il CI-I I I H ~ 1 1I 13
11 r py.u.io .rexa. rc 11 0 ,'1 0'1 1-( 11. I\ OIl T )' P h I .111 11 111 1 OO'lKa ,J,O.;I ­
1-( 11 1,1 uo.r ynm, 110 .10 i l,CI IIIC, YK a 3 HII Il OC na 'I Cp·
TCiI\ C. P IIC. :11. epll ryp a
[JO, IO ·t,,·U. J10 1' 3 .1 0 n O,1 0 lJl\ I1 (puc. 3 2 ,6 ) ua.t­ C KP YI .'IO-Il,JI'II )' TOii
Ka l\ 13 B hI me 'II PII BC J.CHI [ 101X n PII xicpa X. T il i' II .1:151 .1 (1 11 11 oi r lp II ry· pcaaior 0 .tuyx ~ ' C CT a x 113 'rex xce y p O BII HX, t[TO II crru uou
phI cocr uo ure un e ~ I CP O I\ Jhc II J h ll uc ~ IO il, C T C.1~· iI\ II Tb 110I\ i13 a Te · 1<.'1\<1. 10 OTp C3 11 0 ro OC)'IK3. Bcpxnnir CpC3 CO CTO -
,1le Yl o ca ux n 'll )]J r y p hl II O C II 0 13aJIIle~ 1 ;l, .l H Pil C' ICTa Oil.'lCl HCCl 11 3 :IC.1 I1H , POrt", : 11l1l1111 n o.i va a uo ca 1Ii-l 1\:1<l:J.bI B aI OT i l a 11 II i K 1111 i'l 1"1 BC,l H 'I[ I IIV OT­
TC:'v1 0 0 .1C C 'I T O ll .l H rax nx lflll r y p '1aCT O xa pa xr epnu 3 () B hl ll lCl l l l a H ~.IO " lllll S. B ' Icr i..:c Bunp, Jl namexr npnxrepc 1Ii1 1 , 0 C.lI , a Y : I }I IIII II
,1l1l1l1l H r a .n II II, YBe.rllfl ICH Ha51 me O OX13 (1 T Y. OK P YL 1 0 CT h cnuuu . yne­ OOl\ofw ii B blT a LIl\ J! - II" BC.1 1J1JI1I1Y 1'3 3 1' C3il ua orpcau o xt 6 0 LlK e .
.'HflI CHH hli"I nucry n H r O}UI U xoxmc ncu pyerc n H Cn m[ e pII O O O .lb W Il ~ 1 no .'11"111 1111 T Cl .I Il JI tIl lil\ l l lO IO '1a CTh .r c xa .ta OT BO! l ll T B I llI l , B na ute xt
oxpy r-n u xr )K II Il OTO ~I. LVI H 'YT O llH e Il Il H 'o a ,l a ll c a 1I3 .!l. C.rI IIH 3 .lCC b , K3K cP.' I ~l ept: ua C.lI, C BO,J,ll CC na !IC T y .1 !Il1lI 1I 00 1 n a OT p CJ Hm l O Olll' C.
:2
11 Il nuure npunenennu x npuxr ep ax , pexone nnyer cs ~ IC PI\ II lITc II I . 111 til II I 1 a:JI II[ .to 11 1133 IIP u OO_l IIT uep nil, a.nh 11 0 .'Ii I 111 110 II 0 : 1)' 3 3 11 0 ­
.LlTn p a Cll.TICIIIlTh , B hl.LI. CmlB JJ,o nOnI IH Te .rIb HbIC :'v I CPK II Bsnp II Bnnp : ea 3 a H~ ~ i OO ~ I C ;llllO T ,1Hil Jl10 n O: IV3 aI IOC(l, r op. ioun uu , n.rcua,
xp oxi e To r O,cnlllIK Y OT ,iI lIlIlI 11 ran nn KH II3 Y II i! 0 ,,5 C,l l y .1 ,1 1lIJllTb . I1P Oi'IM bl . ­

46 47
 npO Cllll .l b II C3 a .11l oOHapYIKII B3IOTCH 3H3tIl1T e.rlbHble OTKJIOH e HII H OT
TIl Il OJ3 o i i .
O p ll .'10 )l' I1B C3 IlT II~I e T p o B Y IO .neury C rpys oa 1{ rpynnof "13 CTI1
n031l0 Il 0 11H1I1, 3 , 33 K P Oll I.ll ll K y;J,OCTOBepHTCH, 'ITO JI3rn 6 bl n03HOHOtI­
HIlI, a Cr.'Ja )!, e H bl - r .l y OJIH a well COCTa B.rJ5IeT ensa 4 CM 'n p II H Op ;\I e
5.0- 6 C.", Bb l e \l K II Ta / IIl'l1 - 3 C,H 'npu nopxr e 4,5-5 CAt, HrO JUlUbI
tj \ n . l o lUeH bl (unorn a sucry na io­
wile ) *. a .TJ On a TK II p e 3 K O au ­
T \'f ! 3 10 T, I(3 K ObI OTXO;J,H OT
rp ~ :UlO ii I(.l e T K H - r.']y6I1H ~J
~ l eJl\ J1 Y II IBII I p3BHa 3,5-4 o t
npl! nopxre 2- 2,3 C.11.
(!)J1 ryp8 J1 \leC T c.ie a yrotua e
1l.nl e p e IHl H, C.II:
lII r = 19.;) <-j- 0.5); Wc = 21 ,0
<,

I \~ (+ 1.5); n D T C = 42,5 (-1 ) ;

/, ~ I l 111\ \ ' ' ' - ___ nn; 11 :..= 47.0 ( I- I) ; n m = 54,5

-- >
~
... 8,>H
tv'
II
I
(+ 0, 5); nTn II = 45,5 (+ 0,5) ;
BnJ( = 4t:l ,O (+ 1); OK= 8 ,5 (+1 ).
-l anr e nccr o ra tcne cj)JIr ypbl
-/(~ I
xy.i oura nu e, c o C.13 0 0 pa3BIIT oi'1
\1~ '(; I\ Y ,1 3 ry poil, 1l.l C'IlI onyiucn u
I II Bb l ;J,aIOTCH nnepen. Hanennc ,

~II
I I c x poennoe no xeprexca u ;J,Jl51 Til ­
:qq I I I nonof (jlJlrypbI. npn np unepx e
II a tax y«: (jlJlrypy o c060 lI e CI{ Jl a ; L­
I 110 ClI ;l1IT caa rn . Boxpyr .rTJ IIIII J1
I I II P O i'I ~ l bl 06 pa 3YloT c 5I aaa oxiu ,
L I -,
-, I ""I1 ::! y I10 otienxt cro ponaxr T5JH y T­
__ _ ..J ':;1 Cl)8,)l.1 bl , Q8 CTO neonnua xonon

a ff Of
HSH; H;: g Lle:lI l ' lJll l bl 11 3 - 3 3 I1eO}J.IHI3KOB() ­
1'0 Bb lCT y na Il II H .'10naTOK, nopor- PIl C. 33. (!)Il rypa C n.rocxon cnuno i'l
PHC. 32. Koppexrnposann e .~CK 3.1J U3 qJHr y p y C xpyrao -noruyroa cnUHO it 11111\ OY.lCT OTCT an 3 T b OT rop .ro- II Cnucryn aiounnru .10 Ila Tl,a \ 11I
BI I II b!.
IlIIHl\n . lI.,1 II n y cnumcn n o JI HlI HH cpenner o W Ba A T
.II.JIH nO .'I YlJ eH II5J BbIn Y KnOCTII 'H a ,Bbl c T y n 1K'IIBOTa (pIIC. ,·H . a ) OTK,l a.1 bI Ba IOT cor.nacno xiepxe n Tc +O ,5 -.;-O , 7 5 CAt (rne
T a LJ Ky B rrpop ean xa pxian a no p3CLJeTa ~1 II cnocoriy, 0.5+ 0.75 - _l~'1 H c yTIOIKKH na auc r yn nonarcx) II noay ua ior T01j ­
D bIllIC ( c Tp.34). cv A'.
. Ha Y LJ a CTI\ C: B blCTyna Jl On a TOK cnnnxy no .rIHHHH cpenuero WBa

<J> IU 'Y PA C nJI O CKOH cnuuon H Bb I CTY n A IO IU.lfJ\\I f JIOnATKA

p ac u l l l]H l!OT n a 0,5-0,7 C,It .

l Ia 33 Il OK 8 3aII3
pII C. cj.H1r ypa , KOTopa H n o srepxaxr Cr, CT, " B lolcT Yll alolIl llc nronnua y rpnr yp c n ,10CK O-1l0rHy To il C1II11l0i't '1aLUe IlCTP C­
'1tIlOTC51 Y ' KCIIII(l1l1.
H BU ll Y cnepca n CXO;J,H 3 C rn nonofi , .TJ I1W b r p Y;J,H3 5J xne nca 6
• • "\ e p Ka IIl c epaKTH'JeCKII yMeHLweHa. HO ys eJIH'IeH3 33 C'I eT Il bl c Ty n 3 HII 51
.nee 'Bbl .13 e TC5I B n e pC .1. O i l.Il 3 KO n pu pacc xi ar pnaaunn epll rypbI 10113 TOK.

48 - ~ 9 ;j
49
 W II P II HY CIlHH I(J] Il O JlHHHH r pY Jl II Y Be Jl li lJli BaJOT COr Jla CHO xep­
Il ' A~ xe Ill c. no Ha ~ l e l.J eHHbnl r ouxa n su uep una ator xoarypu c r, HH KIi ,
K3 1{ n OK a 38HO na . lJe p Te X<e . OTpe3 01< T llA 2 np onep mcr n o xiep xe ....
A TC II. . . __ _
B TK a H51 X, n e r xo n O.'l..EL a IOlit liXC 51 BJl a ,K HO- Te Il Jl OBOH o o p c oo n ce,
peK o MeHn y c Tc H Ha Yl.J a CTK e B ~ c T yn a JlOn a TOK 3 a n p o e KT li p o B a Tb OT­
rHiI<KV, OI eIlbLU Il B ripn ::nO M paax epu umpa nu II .D.JIHHbl cnunxn
(B hlClir:/ ro p ,l OBIlHbl ) , Flepen CTa tI liBaH He M cpcnnero uma npons­
,I <!01~ 51 T c yI'lO , J<Ky 'c o CTOpOH bl .TJHHHII cpenner o uma, a '.lI. JlH n p e,Uo x p a ­
y/ \ y iCll ll 51 e r o OT PilC T5D K e HII H npoxnansrna ior npa CTal.JUB 8I1 H H ncn o­
:KV 1<0:l e l l l<o p a 1l,'Ill '6 H3 1l. n JlH np n.t anns qJH r yp e 6 0 Jlee 'Ho p M a .'l b ­
lO'n OCa H " !! pexoxrennyer cs n 3 THX CJlYll a HX n p ll M eHH Tb npoxnan­
~t I,' 11 - ~ ........ I ( \/ 'I J
, II - 11 (1 y q a CT I<C 'n p o i h l bl Y;1.'IH HII T b H YT O,T] CTli Tb non n.t euna xn,
/
"
"

I I l'l:HI r a xo n u e npnxie umcrc a, a TaKX< e nO !UlO iI (H Tb na Yl.JaCT!(e r o p ­

il I '
I Ii
JiIi
II
10 13I1Hbl « K0 3 hl p b r< H» .
I1 0 /l 0 /{/W . me pena T4A~ ( pH C. 34,6) p a n na xi epxe
n .'I HH a

,k:LL ==-=H
I
r J TIl I I. 3a Te~1 H3 A~ 'Il p OBO.ll.HT n p a xr y :o , na p a a a em.n y io
TOtI KH
'I

d Ij 1 ~ /7s. OT T0 1IKIl A~ OT!(Jla .ll.bIB a IOT na lI eH 0,5 CM Ii ,n OJl YlJa IOT TO'l ­

-l
I
I
11
'
T'i
xy A~. B OCTa.rI b HOM 1le p Te x< CTp05lT n o M ep KaM Ii npHH51 TbIM pa c­
,('raM, K a K n OKa 3 aH O na pucynxe (um p nn y n pO II MbI CO CTOp Oll bI

, I
\'
l OKOBor o c pe a a u a 0,5-0,75 CAt cyaca ior) :
Y 1IJiTbIB a H, tI TO y na HHo i'! ctJHr ypbI~ IO r Y T 06 11 a p Y X<HTbC5l 3 H 8 lJIl ­
re.u.uu e I3n a ,UH HbI B06.rIa CTIi KJlIOlJ HU H v nJle'le BOH KOCTOlJK H 1i3- 3a
non e p n YTb I X sn e pen rin eu, neori xon u ~10 ·oco 6oe I3HHM a nn e yn en a r s
a.1 a il<H0 - Te n .'IO Bo ti 0 6pa6 0T Ke rm eueuoro ytI3 CTKa , p ac xpo io Ii 06­
pa 6 0 T Ke 6 0 pT OBOii npo xn an xa, KaK y xasa uo Bb I IUe (CM. CT p . 21) .

l1>HrYPA C PA3HblMH no BblCOTE nJIElJAMH

BhI COTY Il ,1e 1I - BT OpOfr n OKa 3 3 Te.1 b oc aHK H - Ha 'n p a K T HKe 6 1>1­
a tJ aa er r aioxe Tp ylI.HO onp en ennrs, K aK Ii ,n OJl OIK e HHe x opn y c a .
P uc, :34, I LJ~I CJl (;:H ll e s e p r e a ca OCUOIlbl na qJJlrypy c nnocxon CIIII IIOii II BI,I · C:- utccra yior p a snu e cnocoriu onpenenenu s BbIC OTbI 'Il Jl e lI : H 3
cr y narouu n i u .1 0 n a T K a ~1I1 r.' JCl3. npoexunounu a H3MepeHHeM , nponopua oa ans no-pacuer uu«
nyr exr, xrepxoa BIlK H np. H o He a c e OHII pa ano ue n nu, B ocorien­
=
Y Y 1 0,7 C.H. T OII KlI To. Y 1I A coe IUIHHIOT CJJer Ka n u n y xn o u f10CT II .lI.m l o n p e n e n e u a s c x o c a n n eu a B '1I e p Te )j( a x . Men ee s c er o
(WT p Il XOB Oi'l) JIIiHll eA . nO nOJl HII Te .'I b HOrO np o rn tia n a .'I 1I1I1I1I T3mHl np u r u n e n lJ..'lH ':: nOI! ue.TJH npon opun on a m.n o -p acu eru uu c n o c o ti ,
He .D.eJIa IOT. B bl COTY rOp JlOB I1HbI CI1IIIlK I1 OTK.TJa .D.bI Ba IOT IlO np u­ cor.ua c n o KOTOp OMy paa no cn, y p o s ue a B bl CIIIIiX r o x e x r Op ,'1 0 BIiHb'
HHTOM y pacu cry + 0,5 OTK JIOHe HH 51 'B xi c p x e n TC II Ii 'n o .'I )" l a IOT H n ~ an~ N OIl p e .ll.e Jl He TCH pa 3MepOM 0 6X Ba Ta rp y.D.H liJlIi r Jly 6 li HoA
TOlJK Y A;. ~pOII .\ I 1>I - tI e M '6 0 Jl b W e 06 XBaT rp y m: HJlH r JI y6HH a 'Il p o i i M bI , TeM
T OlJKH A' , A; COenliH 51 IOT Il JIa BHOH JIH HHe i1, K aK n OKa 3 a HO n a OOJlL lIJ e CKOC nJl elI. 'B .D.eHCTBliTe.TJ bHO CTH BbI COTa TIJIe'l M a Jl O 'CBH3 a ­
s epreace. 113 K al< C paaaepoxr, T a K HC pOCT OM qJHry pbI.
WHpHHyIl JIe lJe BOr O cp esa OTK,l a ,UbIB aIOT C Y 'I eTO~'1 y n e,'H I l.Je Hli 51 Il pn OIl penen e n HH Bb ICOTbl nJl e ' l Ilp o e ~UHOHHbIM H 3 ~l ep eIiHe M ,
n o c a n x a Ii a a IBbl Ta lJKY u a 'BbICT y Il n OIl a TOK , n ,TJetI eBOlf c pe s a uu ep ­ 3K a ro p e K OMe H.lI.Y IOT anropst KOOp.lI.HHaTH OH CHeTe MbI K p 0 51 , He
Y 4HT bll3 3 1OT CSI paaaepsr nnevesoro nosca, epop Ma CIl HHbI , IlOBOpOT

.­
l.JHB a IOT n a V'IaC TKe CVTJOIKK H Ii BblTa'lJKIi BbI Il VK.TJ OH .'l HHHe H
(A ~I1; ) . " , n Jle q H .lI.p.

50 51
 Y!3BecTH o , liTO m l e4 e BOH TIOHC ~I O ,l\ eT 'n o c uce n 'Il O.'l Il OTe 'Obl1
p a CClIl aTp HBa e M Y IO cPllrypy orin ap y­
p a 3 HbI ~1y q nl r y p OJI.Il H aKOBoro paaxiepa H p OCTa , OH 3 a BIl CHT 01
iI< 3 TC51 c Jl en Y IOllJ,lI e n e cP e KT bl ; aa nnene­
<p1l31l1leCKO ro pa3 BHT ll H qeJJ OBeKa . T a K, y cnoprcven oa, B ocorier
Bbl X CK a T a x 1I3JI.e.'1lle 6yn eT 06JJeraTb
HOCT H IIJTa HrIlCTOB, 'n .'l OBU OB, rpetiuos, nna xr er p nneua ys ennue
C.'I II W KO ~ I CBo o onHO, a aoxpyr npoih1bl,
a y .TJIOJI.eH .q:lH31l 11eCKIl 'c JJ a 6 0 'p a 3 B Il TbI X - )' ;lle H b weH. B KOIIC T PY I
B oco 6 e ll Ho CTil n o cnnnxe, nOTHHYTCH
U HH X nneueaux '1l3JI.e JJ Hi I JI.OJJ)J{Hbl COOTBe TCT BeH HO '6 bIT b nasrenen
1\ Tl.l etJa M KOCbl e 3a.TJOMbI. Ilonepex­
paaxr epu JJ HH ll ll npoHM bl (no mnpnue H rJJ y611H e) Il COOTB er CTB e n
II bl 8 3 a .TJO M bI 00pa 3ylOTcH Ii non JJIl­ ----- -- - - - - --=j
11 0 1l3 M eu eH CKOC n JJ e lJe Bb l X cp es os n a ;q e p r e lK a x . II II ef np oihI bl (JJ11HIl51 npoHMbl ony­
H a CK OC Il JJelJe B bl X Cp e30 B 'Il OJJ Oll KIl Il ClilllIKIl OKa 3bIB aeT Bm l CTl! r C51 BHH3 ). rIPH TaKIlX OTKJJOHeHIl­
Bile H n OJJO ,KeH Ue !TIJJe t!. HPH paaaepnyrux nnen ax TOII Ka Il , ('II 51 X 11 3 .u.eJm e, B ocooeHHocTIi naJJbTO,
cn nnxe, CM. puc. 36, a) 'n OJJ)K H a Cill e CTIl T b CH BHII 3 , a TOlJI\ a 6YJIeT C.'III W KOM npanerars K OOKa:'1
(ua In OJJ OlJKe , CM. puc. 36,6) - nsepx, npn vn n e v a x , nosepn yru I na n a Tb ) , n OJJOlJKIl Il llIJJliUbl no cpen­
sn epen, H a 0 60p oT. Kpoxi e roro, IH a n o 'n OM H UT b , l ITO n O.l O;'K eH II I1e~IY IlI By cnHHKII oynyr CJJllllI KOIl-t
n .TJ elJe BOrO cpesa 3 a'Bll CIl T o r xlO ..l bl H nOKpOH OJ,e;.r<..lbI. 3 a XO.:I.HTb !!.p y r na n p y r a - oanau c
M ep K a Bn x nO.TJ)KlIa YlI ll T bl B a Tb 3 T H OCOOeHUO CTII Te .'l OC.10 ;'K H~.'I. e clJ lH 6 yn eT nap yuiea.
II HH. r ax xax npn CHH TIlIl 3TOii Me p K Il catr m xier poaa a .ie nr a np
.XOIl.II T no uu cry na 10 IlllH I T OlJ Ka~1 cnnau - '1 e~1 60 Jlee oxpyr.ra H 3Mell ell ll1l B seprescax cnHHKl1 II no­
cnnna II lJe ~ 1 '6 0 JJ b W e paaxi epu m.teuenoro noa ca, I l e ~1 'TI .TJ e 11ll 6 0 .' O'lK H ua !jlHrypy c HII3KIIMII n.le'laMII
.n ee n onepnyr ta sn e pen, T e~1 o o .TJbWe xi epxa Bn x II Te M nsnue H
cn nnxe JI.OJJ)I<Ha ,6 bIT b p aC n OJIO,K e H a aepumna IlPOH II-lbl, Il C n UH1W . Bucnr yro TOtJKy JJIlHHII ./
6 op oT. c pe.uier o W aa cnHHKIl, TOlJKY A
O~H a K o II 3 Ta srepxa He CB0 6 0 ..lH a 01' He.lO CTa TK OB, r a x tea (p HC. 36,a ) , OTBOJI.HT anp aso no ro­
n o il eA He ncerna .TJerK O ycra n o anrs nono xcenne n neuesoro W Ill P ll3 01l Ta JJ b HOH JJIlHIlIl,KaK aa c yry ­
onpe.i e.nrn, su cor y rineu na n O_1 0IIl<e, rOlJK Y Il; Pexoxren.ayer c .TJ ylO (!mry p y , 113 pacxera 0,25 OTK JJO­
npn CHHTIl H 3 TOii M ep KllnpIl~leH5ITb n .TJ elleB YJO na lUI an x HCHIl H neJJ ll lJll Hbl MepKH BnK.
( CM . pH C. 5) . .4A' = 1,5 X 0,25 = 0,4 CAl snpaso.
Bu coxne 'Il JJ Il '1I1l3 K He In .TJ e ll ll tIaCTO HB .TJH IOTCH pe3 YJIbT aTo .
TOll KY A' COen'IlH5IIOT C TOqKOH Y,
Y Me Hb w e HIl H IlJJIl y 'BeJJntIe ll HH Me)Kn0 3H OHOIIHbIX npo srescyn: o H OT 'I OlJI<H A' OTKJJaJI.bIBaIOT JJIIHIlIO PII C. 35. C1l1irypa C HIl3KIlMIl nne­
CTe neH II C)I{ aT HH M e )J{n03B OIlOlHl bIX xpsuien n re .n n 0 3 BOH KOB. Il p
r Op Jl 0 I311II bI CnIIHKIl, KaK nOKa3aHO aa lJaMIl
Y Be .TJIlII e HHIl 'npon eacyr xon M e )l<JI.Y OT!!.eJJbHbI MIl 'TI 0 3 n OIlKa~IIl
t1 Cp n ::;'K C. J],aJJbHeiillIee nocrpoenae
sneum en cro pon u XOT5I ,6 bI na II I~Ut , 'H a n p II M e p , npu '6 0 .1 b llI OI1 I, p H'
II p OII 3 BOn 5lT COfJJaCHO xrepxa» BnK Il np. no npHHHTblM pacserax,
B II 3 He cnnuu , n 0 3 BOH OIIHHK B u e.TJO:\I MO)l<eT Y:LJ) IH HII Tb C51 aa 2 C.\IC lu a 5I npu 3 TOM COOTBeTCTBeHHO BHIl 3 JJIlHHIO rJJy61lHbl npOHMbl,
2,5 CAl II npu 1IC'1l 3M eHH OCTH nonc .xeuna 'TI .TJ e lleB OH KOCTOI I KH n .TJ e lJ
ll C[H II HUY 60KOBoro cpesa (TOtJKy r~) Il KOIlTPOJJbHYlo TOllKY Il 3, KaK
CT a Il o n HTCH 'n OIl ID K e II Hbl ill ll , CB lI caIO IlU I M Il . CIlIlT aeTCH, lJTO ;I,.i151 C ~·
n Ol, a 3 8 HO na nepreace .
T y .TJ hI X xa pax r ep uu monuacenuu e nJJe11Il, a n JJH nepernrincr u x
OAO I/lW. B bICIlI YIO TOllKY r OpJJOBIlHbl A 4 (puc, 36,6) CMellJ,a IOT
JIO BhI W e HIl bl e . HI13 Klle H au coxae 'n .'l e ll H onn ax o 6 bl BalO T H v .'JI
IL1 CBO no J1 JIHli H A 4 II Il-, K aK aa nep erariacryio cPHrypy, H3 pa cue­
nell C H OpM a JJ b H blM 'nO JJO)K e Hlle llI xopnyca . . 1'3 0.25 OTK .TJ OH e HH H B ziepxe Bn K. Flonyuenayio TOlJKY ooosna uaior
K a K B bl COTa tin es. TaK Il HX n O.TJO ;'KeH He (noso por u ) 0 I\ a3 "
Oy J< lI o ii ;14.
B a lOT B.'I1I51HUe a a ,o a .'1a HC H3!!. e.TJUH.

A4A ~ = 1,5 X 0,25 = 0,4 CM BJJeBO.

<l>Hrypa C HH3KHMH nneua»
Il J1 b l l(; i1W e e n ocr poenne npOlI 3 Bon 51T COrJJa CHO McpKaM Hn K
I .ip . n onp luI HT bDI pacueran, cxieuiaa npu 3 r O ~ 1 COOTBe TCTBClIlI O
H a puc. 35 noxaaana qlH rypac nop xia.n.maxr TI O a O }K eHHe~1 I<0P '31I\l 3 JIIl HII IO r.'I y o ll Hbl n p o i I MbI II KO I lT PO.TJ b H YIO TOlJKY !l6, KaK no­
nyca, 'HO C HH 3KH~m n JJ elJa~IH BTIl<=45,5 (-1 ,5) B H 3..le .1 Hl ot. 1\(l 3 a HO na q e p re ;'K e . Cnenyer, onn a x o, npn 3 TOM He C.TJllllIK OM yrJJy6 ­
cx poennoxi no nepreacan n .TJ51 r unonoit cPJIr yp bl , n pa np unepxe H 1 511' b JlTI HHIO n poa uu .

52 53
 •
A~ AIJ
Ar

~
£1'1
.A~ /
A ,.... ~ ~ A

Jl A ' ~..... flf

, ... 11, ~t>;:: \
\

•
\
y
I I In Ai \I I 11
u

a tl
P Il C. 36. j·!J /.le JlellJl e IJCp TC}K<i OC IiOBbl n a ql11rypy C 11 1I3KJiMli n n c'! a~111
C1 6
Puc. ;j ' . lvoppetcr npoua uue . lel\ a.1 11 ,1 IjJ llry p y c 1IJ1 31 (1I ~ 1 1l n " C l la~ 1Il

Ko ppexr upona uue Ga 3 0 Bbi X .~eKaJ1 na diurypy C 11 11 3K II MII n i le4a MII'

ra ,Tlnl il-: e ~ p o nn en u a n p a naeuuu K OOp T y , Hli il-:e r o p .lJOB II'lI bI n a

- 7 C.Il • •l.e.lJ 3 10 T T 3 K \' 10 )Ke CK.'la J,KY K3 K n a cnHHKe , 'CBOJU I e e a a
n un ica. 13 nexane CnIlII J,1I ( pHC . 37. a) [3 {) O KO BO ~ J cpeae llJ l i I, ILT ~ .1 11 11 11 11 6 0p T a .' 1l 0 nO')I\HB .l el::~ .'1 0 11 a M.a Te p ll a .rI, OO"'le.'l fllO T
ero s epumnu npnon ~ uaur en sucn " a I10 C.l t OOp,i3YKH
~ CK.;Ja.J,KY 1'.1 :: -
K (lIIT~ pbl o r pc s no ro 60'l I,a II n OJlO 'I KIi .
OllIl OI\ p aS HOI) ·l3e.1IIPI HH e n omox eun n n.i eua. B H3 w e ~1 mp nxrep 13 11 3,J. eJI II SIX, r ne n p ll ~ I eIl Sl IOT C SI ri n eve sue npOJ( JIa .ll.KII , B ocorieu­
1,5 C.l! . C I<.l J3i1l\a .lI,o.'l ilm a l! J.TIl lIO n a np 3'l3JIell HIO 1\ r o-ixe Y 1l.1 uo cr n npn IIl CJ H a 'l ll T e .1 b I! 0 no inox ennu x n Jle'l ax, B bI COTY rin eu
a u ui e n CBO.rr. HTb CH na 'He T. f1 0.'10 iKII [3 .r e x a .t o na xiar epuan. o 6 ~ l e p £:r~ l ll P YIOT Y T O .'I U V~H H e .\ I n .1Iel.J e BbI X np oxn anox . O .ll.H a K O CJlnmKO~1
JI5II OT IWHT ypbI cnIlH K II . f1PII 3 TO ~ I BbIpaB II II Bal oT otip a a onaaur yio c yro .tuieuuu e np ox n an xu 'll p ll ~I e H Sl T b H e
p e j<OMeH.lI.YCTCH, TaK Ka K
Bbl e .\ l l( )' B6 0KOBO~1 cpe s e . 11I1 :l,lTpY J1. HHIOT ;l, I3Hi !( e ll H e . 13 TeXC.1IYlJaHX, xorna TIJIelJJlnOBbl­
Il o.noura. H a orp esn oa o O'I Ke (pIIC . 37,6) 3 a K.'l a ,1bIna IOT na lUHIu T C no xioiusio nonn.neunuxon n O.'1HOCTbIO 11.1IH l ! a CT I1' IH O, TOlJ ­
T OM me yponn e, 41' 0 Ii n a cnnn x e, B f'0pH 30H Ta .'lbH O~1 aa npasn ennn II A Il A ~ H a xepre ace cxreiuaro r B :VICH bwci'lcT encHH .
CKJla.rr.K Y T a'Koi'l »c e rJIY OHHbJ , Ka K II 'H a cnnnxe . LLa .l ee na n O.lJO'I K
55
54
 <l>Hr ypa C BblC OKHMH TIJl C'IaM I\ I I
Az A A'I_ AI,I
:,.;~\
H a p uc . 38 ITOKa 3aHa epHr ypa C Ho p M a .TI b HbnI 'ITO.'l OIl<e H He :'>1 I\O P ­ ~ , ~-

~\
nyca , HO C Bb l COKIl MH II .l ll Cnp5D IJIe HH bDIH 'n.lel.la M H B n K = 48,5 rA ~
(+ 1,5) . B nsne.nu n, cxpoen noxi no l.Ie pT ell\aM JI)I 5I r nnoao n cP Hr y p bl I
I
I
-.............: { ,
'117,
J
flOs ~
;\
npn npnxtep xe na r axy ro epHryp I I
/ \ \\
otia apyxcarc« cnenyioume nerpex­ \
r sr: no .TIHHHH n.neueau x cxaron / \ \ i

1
OHO OY,UCT CclHW K OM nJIO THO np n­
I
/ 17;
/ 17) ~I"/I
II
/ {,
Ils17G
.ner -a r s, no nanp anae a mo rop.io .
OHH bl rr0 5lB5IT C5I CJl a 61-1 II bl, n a n e ­
.'me, B OCOOeH HOCTlI n ansro, 6y ­
!I!J
'.-+-
I
\ L
/
s

_'1.
; ;'r/
.f
rz
5~
.....
I-- ~"-1
~ Il'
/
~ ---1
-
ner OTX O,'l.I1Tb OT 60K08 , UI.illiUbl
ITO .'1 HHIIII c pen nero WBa CITHIIK\I I /
7 r; rz 1"'1

OYJI y T pa CX O,'l.HTb C5I, 6an 8 HC H3 ­ I;

,'I.e.l H5I 6 YJLeT napyuie n. /1
/ I
H3MeHeHHSI B sepresca x c n HIl K H H no­ /
.~O'lKH na cflHrypy C Bbl COKHMH n ,le'l aM II
I
/
I
CnUHKa. B bI CW YIO TOll K Y .111 ­
\\/
HHH cpe.nner-o m sa CnHHKH, TO'! ­
KV A
anes o,
(pH C.
Ka K
39,a ), CM e llLa IOT
aa nepernoncr yio 1°
epHr yp y, H3 pa c s er a 0,25 OTK.TJO·
\
He HH5I B xrepxe Bn K .

AA' = 0,4 CAl BJIeBO.

T O'l K Y A' COe,lLHII 5IIOT C TO'!­

IW H Y H OT TOl.llm A ' c r xn a nu.aa ­
\
lO T mlHHIO r Op JIOBH Hbl CnHHKH ,
K 3K nOKa3aHO H3 '! ep Tell\ e . j
.QaJlbHCrIwee n o c rp oe na e n p 0 1I3­

Puc. 38. <pll ryp a C BblCOKHMIl naeuaxm

BOJI5IT
H JIp.
cor.'Ia CIJU M e pK a :>1 BITI'
no np lI H5ITbIM pa cueraxr, PIl C. 39.
a
J · I3 ~.l e l rel ll l e n e p r e ac a OCIIGE LI 11 3 (j1l1rypy
o C BL l«() ), 1I\111 1I .'1e !J ~"11i
cxreuiaa
npn aTOM COOTBeT CTI3eH­
HO nn epx .'I HH HIO r JIy6 HHbl np ofixn.r, a epunmy 6 0 K OBo r o cp e a a (TO'! ­
r
x y s) Ii KOHTp OJIbll ylO T Oll K Y n
3f KaK n OKa3 3H O na neprezae. Koppexr upouauue oa30BblX .1 e Ka Jl aa (!IHrypy C Bbl COKHM H n :l e4 aMII
Il ono uua. IB bl cm Y IO T O'lKy r Op JIOBHHbl A 4 (p n c . 39, 6) OTBOJI5IT
sn pa ao, KaK n a CyTyJIYIO rpn r ypy , H3 p a cn er a no .toe nnu OTK.10 ­
HeHH5IB Mep Ke H n K. . .T ex an o Cn HH KIl ( p HC. 40, a) paspe sa ior c o CTO pO H bl '6 01\O BO[,0
cp ea a IIlliKe er o Be p W I1HLI n pIl6.1 H3HTe.TIbHO 11 3 10 CJ t 'B n anpas ­
A4A~ = 0,75 ChI. a euu n cpem ief m n n m cn HH KH HeCI\OJIbKO nuuie TOllKH Y . Il ene­
I I\ IIB .i e xe.i o ClHI H KH Ha xiarep ua,a, sepxmo ro lJaCTb y JIHHl1H OOKO­
na JlbHerlwee rtocrpoen ue n p OH3B O;I,51TcOrcl acH o xi epxa » B nK Bor o c p e 3 il OTB OA 5IT BB e p x II a BenHlJHH Y OTKJIOHeHH5I ~ M e p K e B TI K
l! ,'I.p . no npHH5I Tblr. 1 pac -iera », CMe m a 51 npH 3 TO:\-I asepx .'l HHHIO i\ 0 6 " l C.1 5l10 T K OHTy p bI CTIl1HIU I.
r.ly oHlibI npoaxn; H KOIITPO.lbHYIO TO l lKY Il «, KaK nOKa 3 aHO aa C oo Tll eTCT Be HH o TIOcTyn alOT H C neKaJIa:\1II o rpe suoro '60 ' IK3 H
»epr eixe. to.10 II Kll , K a K nOK a 3 a H O H a lIe pTeiK e (pH C. 40,6) .

56 57
 pe o p a 11 3 M e p 51l0 T paccr osnne .Jono /la C n pa a o r o H .'1eBOr O OOK OB
q)! l r y p bl (pu c. 42) .
H 3 M eHe llH H 'B rro crpo euan 4epTei1{eil cnunxn Ii nonouxn mpona­
B0 .151 T 13 T a KH X CJl YtJa 51 x TO: l bKO C TOH cropouu, rne HMceTC51 OT ­
1'.TJ OHe H lI e ~bICOTbl nnesa ( 13 uaurexr npanepe C np aBoi'lcTop OHbI) .
Il pn He3 11 a lJHTe JIb HOM OTI<.TJOHeHliH orpa'HwIHB aloTc51 Y B e JI H lJ e H H e ~
T0 .'1 111 Il H bl nJlC4CBOIl InpO KJl a.ll.KII c mpaso n CTOpOHbI II.TJH yMeHbwe ­
uue» e e C JleBoii CTOp OHb!.
':I K o ppeKTHpoBa'H He '6 a 3 0 Bbl x .TJeKaJl na (I:mry p y C O.ll.HHl\1 nOHII ­
i l\ ell Hbl l\1 'n Jl e4 0 \ 1 npO ll 3BOJU IT Y Ka 3a HHbIM auure cnocooc u. HO TO:lb ­
1\0 C OJlH OH 'CTOp OHb!.
K OJ-ICTP YKUI1IO pyxa na uarpn rypu c HH3KHMH, B bI COKH l\IH II pa s­
1I0 BbI COK HMH n.nena xnr He ~ IeH51IO T. M e HHIOT JlI1W b 'n O.TJ Oi I( e HI1C KOHT­
POJIb HbI X T OlJe K Il-, H Il e n a cnnnxe Ii rionouxe (CM . puc . 36 11 39)­
aH a !lO.'I i1<HbI 'COOT BeTCTBOBa Tb npHH51TbIM pacuer a st OT .TlH H HII OCII O­
na 1I1l51 n p o il M b!. ~HrYPA PA3H060KA~

Ocanxa tpnrypu 1J e JlOB eKa l\I OlKeT Il M e T b OTJ{JlOH eHHH OT HO p­

~l a .'1 b H O H 'n o .111 HII II OOKa . 4 a cT o 3TO 5l'B.rJ 51 eTCH CJle nCTBHe~I CKO.TJIlO­
3<1 ( JlO :;p IlB ,:leHH51 13 npaso-neaov nanp aa ne n ns x n0 3130HOlJ'HH K a) .
O Tl \ .'lO lI eHH 51 3 TH l\lOrYT H:Vle Tb pasuue pasxiepu H ep OPM bI, a Te.10
npn aro xr 'n p Il H II ~l a e T paannun u e n OJIQ)KeHII51 . H o, 1,3K 06111e e n p a ­
nn.io. OT K.TJ OHe Hll bl l1 BHa 3 60 K CTaH 0 I3IlT C51 60 Jlc e norn yru a II )'K O­
1'0l l eH ll l>I ~ I , a rrpoTli BOrrOJlOil<Hbli'I repser C130 10 nornyrocrs H yse ­
.ruunnaer ca B ,lJl Il HC. B nepeon vnyuae - rp e 6 e Hbn O.ll.B3!l011lHOfl
I\OCT II Gonbme au cr yna er , 130 BTOpOM - a uc ryn c r,rl3 i K HBa eTC 51 .
Ha pHC . 43 nox aaana na utio.tee T ll nll4Ha 51 rpn r y p a . B c e Ty .10 ­
BHIHC. Ha lJHH C1 51 OT oenep, O Ie CTIl ,10Cb nnpa no. Flne-ro OTK .'10HCn
HI p a B tl n n on lI i l<Cn 0 , 60 K n pn ns .t oo.nee s or nyr oc n O.TJ Oi l\ eH ue. y KO­
a tJ PO TIl:JC >l . M Ci K .:1. Y T e~1 6 c .J po 6 0 .lce nu nsr unocu, y l3e.TJ II'I Il I3 13 CI151 3 11
Pile. 40. Koppexr upoaauuc .texa.i ua (!JlI I'YP Y C Bb lCO JOI MIl n / Je ' !(i\11I C '~1 1ll\1 6 0 K0 13 y lO BbleMKY Ta.1HII. Jl ea oe n .1 CLJ O coorne r cr ncnuo 'n o -
bl('I I.'10 Cb , OOK Bb1l1P 51~III .1 C51. y .rl.1 I1Hl lJlC51, 60K0l3 a 51 Bb lel\lK3 Ta.'l l1l l
cr a. i a xienee 'B bl p a iJ{ e H II OJ~i. cfJHr ypa nxi eer CJ1c.TJ.Y IOlllHe OT K.'IOnC l!lIl1
11 3 ~lC JlI15IX, ru e I11 P H ~ I C IHI10 T C H n.reueau e npoxna.rkn, BbI COTY Ii M Cp I\ 3 X : Buren (n - npaBa51) =45,0 (- 2) , Bnr(JI ( .TJ - .TJe l3a 51) =
IJ.Jle tJ perynupyror Y ill CH b we H He~ 1 TO.1IlWHbl n.reueau x n pOK.1a n OI' = 48.5 ( + 1,5) . Il pu p a 3 1106 01\OlI epl1r yp c pexcciennver ca CII II l\Ia T b
unn C 0 13 C e ~I HX lie n p IHte HHIOT . \le pl':Y Bh l t OTl,I o OK a .10 H1l3 a, T a K xa « '1aCTO npn 3 T O~1 O.1l1a no r
(lhllw eT KOp OlJC .rpyrofi . B na urexr npuxiepe .!IM I n a u panor o OOK ?
<l> llry pa C aCJlMM el'pl14H biMIl IIJIC4 a l\1I1 ao 11 0 .1 3 y xieusurena npOTI111 .1el3o ii n a 4 C.lt . H s nenn e HJl JI IIIa K e T .
cspc euau e n o 4e pT e iKa M .ll..'I H Tl1nO BOii epllryp bI, npu npn xrepx e II a
Ha pII C. 41 1I0 K8 3 8Ha rp nrypa C aC IDD l e Tp HIIHbD IH n .'1 etJaMII ­ 1'0('( xi ar puaaexiyto epm yp y 6 y ,J. y T lI!IICT b CJI C.ll.Y loLUn c xa patcr epuue
paaoen ne uo HII IK C nenoro, Me pK 8 B n K 110 'npaa oxt y n.neuy 113 na il ­ .'i.Clp e KT bl : 13 npasof cr opoue - xocue aanc u u a T r ann n CllIlHKIl 11
uoxr c.t y-iae y xrem.urena npor ue rof i Ke M e p l\H no .1 e BO~!Y 11.'l e lj Y n O.10 tll\!! 13 llan p aB.TJeHI1I1 np OT HBOn O.rIOil{ HOr O n.n esa, a r axxce none­
II 3 1,S c.It , pcuuue 3 a .:J 0 ~ l bI n on I1POfllllOii Il OK aT O:VI p Y K a l3a . 113 il.e .,' m e , 13 o coriea ­
!Loc ToBepHbD l nOK a 3 a T e .'1e ~ 1 p a 3HOII BblCOT bI In .l e 4 ~IO)I{eT ObIT b IIOC TII nam-ro , 6 Y.ll.e T I<HH3Y 110 npaaon y 6 0Ky c.rIII W KO~ 1 npn ne r a n-.
xrepxa B bI COT a .1 II HHH 'OOK a , ~ H51Ta 51 no nona , - B 6 H. iB ynop I{ yn.u mennu » , a I3 .'1eBOH cro pone - no HH3Y OTX O.ll.HTb, YK o p 0 4e HHl>DI.
nonxt u ureuuuxr an a .an II a:.! nO ,J,CTaB :l51IOT .'II l'He il Ky Ii OT sep x n er o CM CCT51 TC51 r ax xce 60p Ta rr OJlO lJKH , CPC.ll.HHII U10B cnHHKH, W.TJHU bI.

58 59
 r~
I I'~
I
I
/ [~ \) I
I

;>, ='­
:::::
.;)
::
::­
"'C
\:
::;
~
::l

t ~ ~
- ::;
;,...., ':':
I I c..
t>, :::;
~

I :
I I -
L.. ~
~

/ \
C3 -5- 1

" " :-: ~

- , 1/
t': ­

~ -
~ "~

~ ~

:J :-:::
PHC. 41. <!lllrypa C pa3J10­ Pile. 42. CHHTHe MepKH BOH PIIC. 43. ourypa
B ~ C O K II M JI n n eq a MH p a3 J10 6 o K2f. -;..-- - ;: @
~ ::
BOPOTHHK B JIeB oii CTOp OHC uren 6Y,llCT c r c r a a a r s, a B npasof CJIHIll­ - .;:~

1\0 :\1 np anerars H T . n.

'J­ - I
-
\
OpH H3rOTOBJICHHH O,lle}l\,llbI ua raxyro clmryp y 3a KpOHlllHK JJ.O,'1­
}I, e H '6 bITb ouens BHIH.laTeJICIl x a xn p n CH5ITlHl xrepox, p a c x p o e H3­ ==-
if '- - ~, .
.1e,lII5I, Tal, II 'B npouecce npuaepxn . ,U.rI5I BbI5ICHe HII5I crenena BO­ I
nryro crn 60Ka l\1OJ1\1l0 naxrep nr» BC.'1 HIIHH Y auexrox r arnrn co CTOPO­ I
H bI npas oro H ,TJCBOrO 60 KOB C noxioun.io mmciiKH, KOTOpylO npnxna­ 1
I:::::'
.:lblB a lOT Me}J{,lly 6C,llpaMH H IlO,lll\IbIIlle'lHbli\lH BnaJJ.HHal\III. !
H3MeHeIl1l5J 'B 1\0IlCTP YKIJ,HH HaepHr ypy pa 3 H060KylO ,H a II 6 0 JIee
ue.t ecootipasno nponsaonnre I1YTC:\I KOp p CKTl i p OB 3 HH5I ·6 a 30 Bbl X
.t e x a ,n . :OpH 3 TOM ,llJI5J KOppeKTllpOBa'HII5J .uCTa .'lII na n p o r na on o ­
,1 0}K HbI I1 6 0 K epHrypbI .uOCTaTOlJIlO mlIllb n e p e n e p n y n, JIeKa .'lO na
.1p y r ylO CTOPOHY .
Cnunt;a. Flpanas CTopOHarrOHIDKCHa (pHC. 44, a) .
Ha .'ICKaJIe y 60KoBor o cpe3a no JIHHllH TaaH ll B Harrp a B.'IeHHH
Cp C.1HerO cpes a lI HJ1\ e TOII KH Y rrpH6 .TJll 3HTCJI bHO n a 2-3 CM ne­
61
60

: PRESSI ( HERSON )

,1a1OT aa.apes IWH 3aK JIa!LblB a lOT CK,la!LKy aa 'BemFIHHy OTKJIOHe­
HJl5IB xrepxe BnK, CBOn51 ee ua HeT y cpezm erocpesa. Do JIHHHH
6 en ep ,1eKaJIO nanpesaror, He nOXon51 .0,0 cpennero cpesa, H y 60­
xosoro cpesa n anpea pa3Bon51T aa 0,5-0,75 CM. DOJIOIKHB .TJeKaJIO
na TKaHb, 06MeJl5ll0T xonr ypu, CLTlaiKHBa51 npn 3TOM aeponaocru,
KaK 'n OKa3a HO na neprezce.
Il ono-u ca . Flpaaas cropoua nounacena (pHC . 44,6). Ha JIeKaJIe
y 60KoBoro cpe3a no JIHHHH TaJIHH B HanpRBJIeHHH JIHHHH nOJIy­
s a n o c a (60pTa) nsnue JIHHlIH rp y na npH6mI3HTeJIbll0 ua 6-7 C,lI
neJIalOT na.o,pe3 HJIH 3aKJIan~Ba1OT CKJIanKy Ha BeJIHIJ:HHy OTKJIO­
HeHH5I B xrepxe BnK, CBO.o,5I ee aa HeT y ,TJHHHH rronyaauo ca. no
~HHHH 6enep JIeKaJIO Hanpe3alOT 01' 60KOBoro cpe3a no JIHHHH no­
.iyaa a oc a H n a.apes p a 3Bo.o, 5I T aa 0,5-0,75 CJll. nOnOIKHB neKaJIO
na TKaHb, 06Me.1J5IIOT xonr ypu nOnOtIKH, CrJIaiKHBa5l rtpn 3TOM He­
p OBHOCTH TaK, IIT06bl JIHHH 51 no.nyaauoca p acn on ar aaacs n o nps­
~IOH, KaK nOKa 3aHO na nepreace.
Orpeenoa 60'lOK. Ha ,TIe Ka JIax 6 0 lf Ka (pHC . 44, e) aa y p os ne
n anpea on, CKJIanOK B '6 0 KOBbI X cpesa x CITlUIKH H nOJI01IKII ne.lalOT
nanpesu H,TIH 3aK.TJanbIBalOT CK.TJa'nKH Toi1 iKe 'BeJIWIHHbl, tITO 113
cnnn xe H n OJIOtIKe, a no JIIIHHH 16 e.o,ep nenaior paspea H pa 330.J5IT
x p a s paspeaa KHH3Y ua 0,5-0,75 CM. 50tIOK n OJIlI<eH 6 bl Tb cYiKeH
OT nHHHH rrpoHMbl no JIIIIHIH oenep. 3TO MDlKHO nocrurnyn., s a ­
,TlO}KHB na ,TJ eKaJIa CKJIan KH HJIH nepeznsnnya .TJ eKaJIa. DOJIOlKHB ,le­
x an o aa TKaHb, 06~len5l10T x o ar y p u 60 11Ka, KaK 'n OKa3a HO H2 tIep­
rexce, - nporno no surauxe .o,onIKeII 6 bITb yBe.TJH1leH, aa ytIaCTKe
6enep 06pa30BaHa Bbm yKJIOCTb.
Ha ,TIeBOM nOBblweHH OM 60KeCOrJIaCl-IO I>l ep Ka M OTIOIOHeHH5I
BbIITOJIH5lI0T r axyio »ce x o p p ex r n p o s x y , HO B 06paTHOM no p anxe
(CM. pHC. 44,2,a, e), npu 3TOM TKaHb pa3BOpaIJ:HBaIOT B npornao­
nO,TJOIKH ylO CTOpOHy H JIeKa ,TJO 'Ha KJIan bi Ba lOT 06paTHoH CTOpOHOi·i.
Ec.TJHnpH CH5ITlIll MepoK aaxponums nOlJeMY-J1j-160 He Bb[51BHJI
BeJIIPIHHY OT!<JIOHeHH5I pa 3Ho60KOH qJHrypbl, OH }IOIKeT ncnpasnri,
H3!LeJIHe npn nepsof npuxrep xe . 06pa30BaBWHeC5I xocsre CI' .l a}1 K!I ,
3aJIO:'.l b[ 3aKpe11JI5lIOT '6y,1JaBKaMH, pacnapsmator J eTa JIH H n a xn a ­
,J, bIB a lOT HX aa '6 a 30 Bbl e .1eKa.TI a, 06BO}l5l HOBbIe KOHTypbI. 3aTeM,
pacnycxas CKJIa}lKH na crmnxe, OTpe3HOM 60tIKe H TIOJIOlJK e, CHOBa
n o H3MeHNIHblM KOHTy pa~1 JIeKaJIa nepexpaunaior .a:eTaJIH II 3.JeJlH51.
HeMaJIOB3IKHOe '3Ha tIeHHe }lJI5I npaBHJIbHOrO 06JIeraHH5l n sne­
,TlH 5l n a pa3Ho60KylO qmrypy HMeeT paCKpOH H ¢opMOBaHHe 60p­
TOBOII npOKJIa}lKH. Pexcaeunyercs 'B TaKHX CJIY 1la5lXCO CTOpOHbl­
I1 0 HHlKeHHo r o 60Ka S3npoeKTHpOBaTb netioasuryio HaKJIOHHy lO BHH3
BbITatI KY - na mlHHH 'n pOHMbl B HanpaBJIeHHH K uenrpy rp ynu,
a CO CTOpOHbI 'n o n snu eu u o r o ,6 0 Ka - cnenars 'Bb[T 3 1lK Y na JIHHHH
rc pnoannu .
Il pn p ac xpoeHHIKllero BOpOT HHKa cnenyer B rtpasof CTopOHe
na yposae BbJICIlIe~1 TOlJKH rop.noaanu YBeJIWIIITb 'IlI Hp HHy CTOHKH
aa 0,5 01, a B neBOH - COOT'BeTC'fBeHHO YMeHbIlIHTb.
62
ct>HrYPA C OTKJIOHEHHEM B CTPOEHHH PYK
PYK3B npHIl5lTO CTpOHTb C nporncox no nepenuexy cr no y aa
\, 4 3CTKe JIOKT5l B 1-2 CJH , B 3a BHCHI>IOCTH or creneua npHJIeraHH5I
iI3 lle,l Il 5l Il TeXHO,JIOrIJlICCKH X cnoircra TKaHH. DPH 3TOM HCXO!L5IT
113 r oro , 4TO yrOJI, 06pa 3yeMbl fi 'n .TJ e1IOM H npeJlnJIelJbeM PYK, CO­
cr <l B.l 5l eT OKO.10 170°. BCTpetIaIOTC5l, ozinaxo, JIIOnH, Y KOTOp bI X
py KIl B ,iJOKTe 60nee corn yru IInpe}lnJIelJb5160JIee orip auienu sne­
pe.i. 3TO qaCTO CB5I 3aHO C x apa xrepov Tpyno Bofi ne5lTe.TlbHOCTH 'lI e­
. rosex a, KaK aanpanep, y }lHpHIKepa, niorpepa. PyKaB, CKOHCTpyHpO­
r;<l Hll bl r"r 110 pacuerau n JI51 THnoBoI1 ¢nrypbl, aeynorien nJIil
ll E'.'lOBeKa C OTK,TIOHeHHeM B crpoeana PYK, T. K. OH 6yneT cnemea
ua s an yKopOIJ:eH no JIOKTeBoMy cruoy, B o c06eHHocTH B H3}le.TJH5lX
C 60JIee npaner-arouten cnanxon, ynmlHeH no nepennexy cruriy.
B UIB Y no JIOKTeBolllY cruoy pyxan oyner crxomrn., a cnepenn
C:IHIll KOlll npaner-ars, 06p a3 y51 C60pKH aa YlJaCTKe JIOKT5I ; rcpoxre roro,
011 6 yneT neynotien npn nBHiKemm lJe.JIOBeKa.
Kop pexr npoaaun e nex a,n p yKa'BoB na ¢Hryp y C corn vruxtn
.10 KT51 MH ~'n p O H 3 B On 5l T CJI enYlOlllHM 06pa 301ll. n eKa.TJ O s e pxne f H
IHI lI, HeH "n O.l OBHHOK p yx a aa (pHC . 45) no ,1HHHH JIOKT5l OT ro nex
,7" [I Jl« no TOII!\H Jl p aspeaaior H pa s nanr ator na "Hy IK'Il YIO Be.JI II ·
1lJlHy ssepx H BIlH 3, a OT TOIIKH Jl K ro-nca s: Jl , H Jl ; aaxn anu ­
n a lOT CK,l all KY H, COOTB eTCTBeIlHO, nOJIOlKHB neKaJIO a a TK3Ilb, 06·
~ l e .1 51 1 0 T xoarypu pyxaa a .
OC06EHHOCTH KOHCTPYKUHH H TEXHOJIOrHH 06PA60TKH
H m KH ErO BOPOTHHKA HA ct>HrYPbl C OTKJIOHEHH5IMH B OCAHKE
B CB5l3H C OTKJIOHeIlH5IMH B oca axe (c nO.JIO/l<eHIie:Vl xopnyca H
Bbl COTOH n zreu) HHIKHHl1 BOpOTHHK B KOIlCTpyKUHH H TeXHO.'IOrHII
o6 p a 6 0TI<H 'l1on Bep r aeTC5l aexoropu a H3l\IeHeHH51M. Ha ¢Hrypbl C
CyTy .TJ OH (OI<pyrJIO-BblnYKJIOH) 'Cll HIl OH HJIH CBblCO KHMH nnetIa:VIH
BOp OTHHK no OT.JIeTy cnen yer ynJIHH5ITb, a no cruti y yxopaunaar i.;
it a ¢Hr ypbl nepernriacryio H,JIH CHH 3KH:'.1H n JlelJaMH - 'Ha 0 6 0 p OT.
B bICOTa BOpOTHHKa pe r ynup yer cs 'B bICOT0I1 CToflKH - !LJI 5l n ep BbI X
Bbl COTa - CTOHKH n a 0,25-0,5 CJt y BeJIH'lf HBaeTC51 , nJI5l IBTOPbI X aa
CTO,TJ bKO IKe YMeHbiliaerC5I . Ha npaxruxe 3TO B OCHOBHO;-'l J.OCTH­
r aeTC5I B,JIaIKHO-Ten.JIOBOH 06pa60TKoH anacnero BOpOTIlH Ka . Ha
(!H1 r YPbI 'Cy Ty JIy lO HJIHC 'BbICOKHMH I1JIelJalllH YBe.1J HlJH'Ba IOT OTT5liK­
xy BOpo THHKa n o OT.JIeTy H CyTIO)KKY no cm6 y, YBeJIHlJHBa51 nyry
n po m 6 a npOTH'B HOPMbI aa 1 CM; ,Ha ¢Hrypbl 'n ep er a o n cr y io HJIH
c HH3KHMH nJIetIaMH - Ha060poT (pHC. 46,6, e). BeJIH4.HHY BJIaIK­
}10 -Ten JIOBOH 06pa60TKH yrOlJH5lIOT npn npuuepxe.
6.3
 <!>H r ypbI ·nO.1HbIe uauie ecer o 6 blBa IOT y .'lIO.rr.e i't cra pinero H no­
(/-:11.'101'0 B03p aCTa; tIp e3l\lepHorI nOJIHOTe u ep en xo conyrc rny ior OT­
1(.'IOHeHII 5I B OCaHKC q> Hr ypbI.
p,'/'9 HH)I, e np HDO.rr. HTC5I 'HeCKOn bKO n pH :'II CpOB OC OOClIlI OCTel1 nOCTp OC­
,rF 11 1151 ueprexcea n.t euenstx 11 3J.ellH i"1 u a qlll r ypbI no.nuu e C uopxiaa s­
vI 1I 0 ii ocanxon 11 a a epHrypbI C 11 3 11 60.'leC 'Ia CTO 'DCTpe'l aI OlllIDIH C5I OT­
I\."I O H C lI H 5I ~ I H n OC aIl Ke.
I
I
II Ilonuas <f!Hrypa C HOpMaJlbHOH OC aHKOH
II I ""­ 't,
I I ----­ I
-Iepre»; OCHO Bbl n H.lI.)I'3 K3 no.iyn puner a ioiuero c nnysra II a r a­
" )"10 qlHryp y n OCTp OCH (C HC3H3l1HTCJIbHbL\lH OTK.TJ OHCH 1l5l 1\I H) no 11 3­

~
l\l ep CHll H:'II nIlI OB OH rpnry pu 56 -1' 0 P 3 3~ICP 3, IV pocr a, oueru, OO.'lb­
uroan onnor u , G,II:
Cill-22 ; Cr- 56; CT -56 ; C6 -61; W r - 22 ; .nTH - 56, S;
!
.IIs III,t
a lll c - 2 1,5; )lTC - 44 ; B nK - 48; nTC II - 4 6 ,5; .nTn II - 4 7 ,5;
D K -8 ,5.

~~
OC06CHHOCTH KOHcTpyHpoBaHHSI nJIClIeBWX H3.uenHA Ha nOJlHWC
<f!HrypW

I' Hantion ee cn oxcnoii np 0 6.TJ e1\/Oii n p u xo ncr py npona u u n H3.lC.TJIlii

§ na n onny ro rpn r ypy (pHC. 47) 51BJI5I eTC5I onp en en euu e illllpHHbl ( Be­
I
J11J1/HHbl pac unrp enua) rrepeaa no .'lIl HHIl ra mn: " , Cyiuecruyer MHO­
I 1'0 cn o corios H pac uer os onpen e.r ena a '.3TOr O paaacpa .
\ C or.nacao enu n o vy xrero.ry xoncrp ynpoaauu a l\I YiK CK Oil s epx ­
I Heft o.:r.e )l{"l. bl no lIHlllI'nll.J.ya JIb'HbIM 3a Ka3 a 1\1 Il a CeJICllH5I, pas p ao o­
TaIlHOl\IY C OT lliJI, ump uny n ep en a YBeJIIl llHn alOT no n p en s a p n ­
Te.TJb H01\IY pa cu er y s e.TJll'/HHbl aucr yn a iKlfBOT3 B i K .
Be.nu-nray B iK o n pc nC.151I0 T nO ¢Op~ly.1C
PJl C. ·j.3. Koppexrup ouau uc .1e K 'Wa
p y xa u a 118 qll lr y p y C C () r IlY Tbl ~ 1I1
PII C. 4G. Tpu cjJ O P~lbl IIl l i !( lI ero n o p O IIII IK3
1I0 C I " ll .l ai!\ 1I0 · Te ll .1 0 1l0 i i o Gp a Go TKI I :
B )I{ = 0,3 (CT + Kcpen - Cr),
n OKTm l 1i " - li n (j," r y py HopMn.1bH o!\ oc·a HKII ; 0 ­ a a c1lH ­ r.re K cp c. i l - K 0 3rpqn ll\ Il CIIT, cocrannmouuni CP CJ1. III OIO p a 311 1111y ~I C iK J1. Y n o.r y o ox n a ­
nil ) CYTy .~: J {) J: ~111 c B b I COK ll\1I1 I t ,' ~'ljd ~l lt: 13 ­ (I ll
TU MII Ta n Hll 11 rpynu .LlM I DCCX paaxi cpon II ocuouu u x n OJl II OT , pall ­
LP llr yp y n ~ l lll n H} lI c-T Y l o H..l l1 l' H I I t l-: 1l \ 1I1 n .1 C' l a M II
II YI O 6.8 C.1l .u.1H llJl C'I CDbI X 11 3.LlC!lIlil.

D OJI Y1le HIl YI0 nC.1lill ll Hy no npuneneuu ori rp opxry.ne OTK.TJ3;l.b l ­

OC06EHHOCTH KOHCTPYHPOBAHH" nn EqEBWX n aIOT OT TO'l Kli t;
s n p ano Il n OJI)" 1310T TOliKY (01. pnc, 48 ) . r;
Do E J.liHOii :'II CTO.'lliK e My iKCJW f! ne p xne ii on CiKJ.bI, p a ap ao or au­
H3lI. EnHff HA <l>Hr YPbl C OTKnOHEHH"MH
HO f! U HI1 I1WD , BC.TJ Il 1lll HY B )I{ onpene.ts ror 'no qlOp J-lyJIC
B npOnOPUH"X CnO)f( EHH"
* B OTm l ' IIlC OT l lmr y p , Y K OT Opbl X »cu nor nu cry na cr 11 3 - 3 a Y Be.:1Il4 CII IIR
I\ b I C~ I K Il T U.rIIIIl, y (lm ry p xopnvn eurtnrx i l( lIBOT ll J.,ICTY 1l8 CT ucacacru uc oo m cro
4JHfYPbI nonusre 1J<!:l\I CP 8 (IJllryp bl II P ,l CWIl P ClIllC 113.uc m1 H 1l0: liK 1lO COOTll CTCTBC l lIIO IlP OI13lJ O;1.IlTb ClI
IIC TO.1b1\0 c n cp en u, 110 n o lJ ce~ I Y OOXlJ8TY 11 8 3 TOM ypOB Il C n yr c xi y~ IC llb I U C li I I H
Cpennrpn ryp C OTK .'l OH eH1l5l~lll B npori opuuax r e.t a H3 1100.'lbillHC 11C.ll1'llIll bl p a c ru opou n c p c n u cii II 6 01w Il oii nura uex, YM CllbIU('lJllH np or uri o n II OOKO ­
OC.lO i l, HeIl H5I npn xo uc r p y n pona n u n o.:r.eiI\.J bI BbI3bl Ba IOT no.uiu e, nux cp ca a x n o .10 ' ICK . OTpC31!0 rO 6 0'I K a II CIIIJIl KII, a TaKiK C nyr c st p a cur up cuu a
I1.TJ H, Ka K HX Il aCTO Ha3bIBaIOT, xopny.te ur uue epH r y pbI. Cl lI lII J(1! n p o r n u pacucruux I lOpM _

64 5- 895 65
 B i l\ = 30,5 -!- Cr - l ,:'i (C6 - CT), tHI ID T , B 'l a CT H OCT II K umpuue n p Orn l bl ,n C ue.u. io cxp anuna na s
3 nu crv na i K IIBOT3 - K WHp HH C r py.m . Flpntiaa xy ua cnooony no
ra e 30.5 - cncuua.n. uo nOlJ.oOPilIlfIOC nocron uno. r .l y o ll H C n p o II M bl Il cnp na 0 ,5 -:--1 ,0 C it pI eH bIUaJOT .
'1IIC.1 0.
Eananc 1/30C/IUJI. D P H Oil pen c.reu II II nO .1 0 i l';CH II 5I aucur eii T O'l K H
D O.1 0lJ KY OT JlH lIHH T a.~ II I1 K IJJI3y pac­ ro pa onnnu A 4 C no xr ouuao M ep KII LI,Tn II (O T .'IlIflIIH ranun nsepx)
WIlP5ll0T, cxrcuraio r .'IIIBII10 no.i vaanoca c.rcnycr y 4eCT b , llTO no.ioxcenue :IllHIIII n epezia OT HOCIlTe Jl b HO
Ta.lJ1Il
nnepen IICl 0,6 B:« . .H I II II II Ta.~ 11 11 uepr exc ax na noa ­
Cn llHKI1 HeC I<O.lbKO n OH Il )l<a e TC5I B
WTil
T~T~ = 0 ,6 B)K . 1I1>l e epllr YP bl C nu crv n a io um » il'; II£lOTO .\ 1. B H 3 IJJ e ~1 no cr poca nn Be ­
.1 l1lJlI H a n OH H ,K ellll 51 1'4 T~ = 0 ,5 B i K . Il pn 3 TO \ 1 c.nenyer y 'l ecT b , lI TO
K a K nepnan, Ta l' II 8To pa51 ·(j)Q P ~ l y .l bl li e
TO'11\1:I A4 nOBblUl aE'TClI na .i .l ll ll ll e i'l a ta 2 OT 'p a3 M e p a K p aa n e py
tu rn Y lJl lTbIn ClIOT nOJ!Q)KeH HC xo p nyca , BCl lIl'lJlH y
( Il TO\ I -mcae OT nunnor u K J1 o : lII cJTe ) na 0 ,1 5 -:--0 , 2 C-It.
su evx n raa un, a n OT O ~IY npa xruu ccxn 0 11 11
xi oryr OblTb n p lD-Ie HHM bl orpaun s euaux B
Il onos e:a. B lI CpT e)K OCII OB bl n O.'I OlI KII u a T lfJ10 11Y 10 ep11ry p y aua ­
.10 r H ' I Ho r o p a a xiep a JI pOCTa , cpennennoauoru BHOC 5IT cnenyio unre
l.'I)"laHX . LJT O K3CaCTC51 nep aon (I>OP ~Iy .rlbl,
TO n o B e ll, kpoxi e roro, nenunnna B il < no.ny­
11 3 M e He H II 5I. On p e n e.'I HIOT W lI P 11I1Y nO .10lJl<11 ua Jl H II 1111 r pynu 3r4 r
lJa eT CH H yxrcnsuienno» paaxi epe, II npn (pIIC . 48).
I1P II~I CIIC il[llt CC peKO ~leHJ,yeTC 5I
~ IJIOiK JIT C' : 11> - C 0,3 n a 0,4 .
yBC'.1lllIIIrh
r 3r 4 = WI' + Iluir 1- Flui = 22 1- 2,5 +- I = 25 ,5 0 1.

Be.tnuu ny G il';. a T3K)Ke pa ciuup eu ue

T' HT" g, pe KO i\Ie lln ye TC51 o npCJle J1HTI>
110.'10 111\1 1 H 3 TO lJl<1l ( 3 K npn xrou r 3r 4 UHIl 3 onycx aror ncpn eunn xyaa p.
nono.uu rrc.n.nsrv n xicpxa nn II II I [HI iI bl nepc­ T Oll K )' nepeceueuu sr ero C .1 HlI l1e ii Ta .'1111 1 0603 H3 lJ3 10T 6 Y KIJofl 1' 8,
.'W n o : 1I1IJ!l ll r a.n nu W TII II W llp ll ll bl r pyzm c .u m n ef 6enep - E 8, C .'l llll11 Cii 1111 3 a - Il;
110 IIa 1I0 0 .'I CC uucry naro un o, TCJlIKa ~1 W r I I. 3aTE' M YTO lJH 5I10T 6 1:1.1aH C. !D0.10 iK eH l l e .1HIlIIJ I TaJll I Il cncpe n a .
KOTOpbJe ClllI\I Cl IOT TaK . K ne pcn nu» yr.ia »
ll Oit\lblUI ClI l l blX BIIaJUli l n p H K.13 ,lbI 1l1:l10 T 'I T 4T; = 0,5 G )K = 0, 5 lll r n - WI' = 1 ,5 CAt B1II13.
nc p n nca.u. uoxr 1I0 .10)1'; en II II .'l ll llC iiK Il II C<J ,, ­
TII\I CrpoB oi'1 : ICilTO i ] H3 \-I CP5ll0T paCCT051Hll e T OllI\ )' T~ COe; tH IIH IOT C TOl/K Oi'1 h. a OT TOlJK lI T~ tmp a s o npo­
.\ 1eiK ny .1 11 ;1C i't K 3 ~ IJI l3I1a 1Ian e H a y p Oil lie .111' BOolHT rOpI1 30 JITa .'I bHylO .1HII Ii IO 11 TO' l Ky ne peCelJe JII151 CC C JlI1HHeii
PII C. 47. et> l1 r yp a noa u an I if III rp yru r, i l 3 a T C\'1 aa y poane ,'I II HlHl r a - r lf 3 4 000 31lalla lOT OVKIJOIJ r.;
C IIOP~I<J .lbll ()j'1 o C:JIII\Oii .111 11 (lIa IlO O,'IC C Bh lcTy na IO IlJ.H X TO lJCK i l<lI . Jloc.ie s ro ro Ilp II CTY JIalOT K p ac um peumo nep en a sa JlIlHI1H
130T 1:I ) . D O.1 yu cun hlC p aaxi epu , J,(' ,'I CII II1>I C' T a.i un.
n on O.'1a \I, COCTCl I3>IT COOTBeTCTIlCII1 10 ~ ICP K fi Wr II H W Tn . 13 1l1:l W O I
npu xi ep e Illr II = 2 2 C it , a Uhn = 2 5 c.1t, WI' II =Wr . TI!:r~ = 0 ,4 t56 + 6,8 -5 6) = 2 ,7 1t:J1I T8T ~ = I3iK = W Tn - Wr = 3 CAl.
B}I( = WTD - Wr II -= 25-2 2 = 3 C.H. Ta xu» 0 6 p a3 0 \ 1
DpII CII 51 T Il Ii 3 T li X ~I CPOK lI eOOX O ollI~IO ·II P OL 1 C.l llT b , 'ITOOI>I 11 3 ~ 1 (, .
p 5J e\l bl ii np IIH5I.'1 eCTeCTIl CHl 10e TlO .'I OiKC II IIC r e.r a, I!TOOhl fi e m.mu­ " ' 71 \ -= W n i + (it T ri B + O w =-= 2 5 + 1 ,5 t:1 1- I = 28 ,5 CM.
p ann ilOIBOT II rp yns II JIllIl e ll KlI ,Obl .l ll paononoxceuu B cr po r o
ae pr uxans uoxr no.noncemm . Mepx y IUTn OTKJI3.llbIB310T na sepre ­ T OlJl<)' 1'~ COe ol l l HH IOT C TOlJK OII r8 II OT TOll lO! T'~ I B'HII3 ony­
mcno.TJOlJl< H OT TOll KII 1' 7 K .l ll ll l lll nonv sauoca II n OJl VlJa lOT TO 'l ' CK a lOT 'Be p n ll.;a .lJb ll )' IO .1 Il H III0 . Touc y ne pe Ce l/CH I151 ee C Jl 11H He I1 6e ­
xy T ;'. Il pu 3T O\ 1 K xicpx e LU T n c.ienyer cnena ri, npun ycxu: It a ne p 0 0 0 31l3lJalOT 6)'1';1l011 E ~, C .1 JlII He fl II H3a - H~.
cB06o,ZJ. Ho e oO.n e ra llll e Flc ( 1,5 - 2 C.\I), n a n e p e.1H JO IO BblTalJKY'
D B (1 -:--1 ,5 CAt) , eC.'I lI r axasr np OCKTIlpyCT C5I, II n a Ul OB n p Olnl bl T;'ff ~ = I' l l o.s + 0,7 S C.1l,

npn n p Oe K Tl1p OB aJHlJI 113.n. e c1 Hi'l c np unycxa au n a W B bl ( 0 , 75 -:­

r.i c Ti l - C '1epT C)K <l CI1I I I1K I1
-:--1( ,0 C,It) , T. e. 1' 7 Ts"·= IlITn +3,5-:-- 4 ,0 C It.
Il pu tia eku . D pH6 a BKH na cnorionnoe oO.lcraH lI e 'n o orixaar y lllnpu uy 'n O.l OLJ ]{ 1l no .'I Il H II Il o e aep OTK.lJanb](J3IOT OT T O'I KI1 E ~.
r p y..'J. II , y'l rrr sm a 51 Kpy n n hI II P a 3 \1 CP II P OCT,H 3 0, 5 -:-- I C,lt YBe.l H 'I 11­ ll e p T e i K nO.'lO lJK H na n o .lll YloepJl r yp y p e xoa cn n yerca CT p OHT b

66 5' 67
 u a ee n ep e c ev ennn C 3THMH .1HHH 51:\11I ODl e4 alOT TOlJKH JK H JKJ'
J( 6 K7 = JKJK 1•
4-~
A Hs K7 nposonar np5l:\I YIO , napa n ne asa yto JlHHHH 60lJKa,
TOllKII
II nOJl ..V4 a lOT
, - H~; K7H~ = K ~H 9' T, 04 KY H~
TOll KY coen aua ror C
.­
I T0 4 K Of! Hs; n a :JTOH .1 HHHII OT TOlJK!1 H« OTK Jl anbID aIOT OT pe 3 0 K.
p aBHblfl 1 C.lt , H T1 0~1 )fll a IO T TO'I KY H'«, KOTOp y lO Coe.'l.H'II5I IOT C T0 4­
\ / KOII K7 .
Illnpany nOJl04KH no nIlHHH o en ep Ha XOn 5lT cneny ioum a 06·
\ ~
!J
p a 30 :\1:

-- f;r T"
I - = = l 18
IS i
D ~D4= (C6 +- 06 + Ow + 3) - D1DZ= (61 + 5,5 +- 4 +
+ 1,5) - 20,5 = 51,5 C,ll,
) rae Il ui - npuoanxa H <I IIlDb] ;
3 - 3a30 p M ClKJlY c pesa siu 60'IK a n a y ' Ia c TKC o ene p .
,I
/ \
K o r~ a n OnOlJK a npoeKTHp yeT c51 6e 3 pa CTBop a D n ep enli cR BM­
7
It ...
~"J1 1 II
.L -t'; ~ '17 T'I 7'6 Ta l/KC , na yponne npopes a xa pxi an a 3 a30 p He Tp e6 y eT C51.

TI~ 7 ,I I T"g
8
LI.TJ5I Y M Cllh weHH5I CyrIO/l{KH CO cro pcnu '6 0 p Ta n a q >opM OBa!Ille
BbI nY K.l 0 CTl I r pyn n .'l.enalOT BbIT34K Y B rO p Jl OBHH C. Benn-nrna pac­
1(5 I Ii
r s o pa e c 1-1,5 C,H, n.TJHHa 10-12 CAt. LIJl 5I pacrs opa BhIT a 4 K I1
N,
p a CWHp51 IOT r OpJlOBHHy, cneuian B.l eBO TOlJKY A4 110 JlHIIHH A 4D 5
H3 0,5-0,75 C,It, nO .1Y4aIOT T04 K Y A~ H ua CTOJlb KO »c e c ae ui aro r
o L_l0- = - _Ib, IJ
'11Ll; T0 4 xy As nnpa BO no JlHHHH rOp ,'10BIiH bI (roux a A ilS) .
TO'i KY A~ , COe;1. HH 51 IOT C TOq KOIl A ~ 11 np 51M Y IO nponoaxcaior
l Ie
n n e p x 11 (1 0,5-0,75 Of. Or no.nyucunof TO'l KH A~ cr xnanuua ro r
11lHpIIH yn .'1 elJ a -repe a T04 KY D s II _1 0 IlO. l I1I1Te.lJh HO OltJOPM .TJ 5IIOT ,1 H­
II ~ 11,./ HIl IO II PO f'!:\lbI.
~-J , ll o H a:\I ClJeH ll bI:\1 TOl/ KaM B bl'Ic P 4 HB a lo T o c oti e u u o c ru KOH­
a 1/5 If I
1
/I I I
°0 tf c r pyx u n n , Ka K ,n OK a 3 3 HO n a 4 epT C,Ke ( 01. p HC. 48) iKHpHbIMIl JlH­
HIl 5l:\I H.
PH C. 48, Ocoti euuocrn K OIICT pYll pOn <lIllHl IIH ,iVK aK a II a nO.1I IYIO cjJH rypy 1I0 P ~ lij ,1b' 11..'151 nO.1HbIX qlHryp pexosrea nyer ca n a n ep r eac e npos epurs WIl­
lIoii ocanxn:
a- c n lll Jr:a, 6- n o.~I 04K a , B - 00 4 0K
p u n y H3n eml 51 no .1HHH5IM 1'aJlHIl H y p ODH5I a u cryna iKH B OTa .
OpH p acx p oe 60pTOBOi'1 np o K.TJa J.KH L!. J1 51 H3n e Jl llH u a n OJlH YIO
<pll r y py np o exrnp yior DbITa 4K Y n a BblIl Y K.TJOC Tb iK HB OT a TaK xce ,
C OTp e 3HblM OOlJK O;v1. LI.1 51 110.1 ytI CIlH H BbII1 Y K.1UCTH n a uu cr yn »or ­ Ka K H u a s e p x ne a TKaHH H3 JI. e.lll 51 .
BOTa no Jl HIl H II npop e a a xa pxra n a CTp OHT BbIT a tI KY_ E U III n O ~1 0 lJK a Mon e.lJhepbl .'l. Jl5I npH,J.aHII H ,n o m l o H tP ll r y p c 6 0JlbW Ci't 'CTP Oi'I HO­
.KOHCT p y Hp y eTc 51 C 'n e pe;l.He ii au r auxori, nxr erouief pa CTBOp 110 .1 H­ CTI I p ekoaen n yior nH niKa K 0.'l.H0 6 0 p THb I H, nonynpu ner aiouiero CIl­
;H IIII npop e s a xapxia u a , H C orp eauu xr OOLIKOM, II ;1..'1 51 :OH oIl Ue.1H .' Y3 Ta , Y..'l.M H l e Il H bl i'l . c y.u.'1H H e HHbl ~ I H n aU KaHaMH H C aacrexcxof
YiKe nocrp o en a a u r a -nca K,KsK
G, TO B bITa tIKY aa sucr yn /I, IIDO Ta n a n ne nyroanuu, ,0 0 Jl e e Y3 KH:\1 n on yaau o coxr H n Jla DHO K II H3 Y a a ­
·KI K6 K7 CTp051 T J.onO Jl'HIlT el lbIl O·. Be.tnuau a pacrn op a K6K 7 = 0,5; Kpy r .TJ ell HbD I Il n on O'I Ka:\IH .
T~T~ = 3 XO,5 = 1,5 C,If.
OC06CHHOCTH KOHCTpyHpoBaHH5I nanbTO Ha nonHyw ~Hrypy
B eJlH4HH a p a c r a op a BbITa 'IK II KGK7 3 a BHCII T OT J. ~1HH bI a u r a u­
KH, OH a M OiK er 6bIT b onpe.re.t ena T a K,K C cnOCOOO\I, n OKa 3 aHHbDI
-l e pr e» naa s ro np s aor-o HMI c ne rxa ,n p HTa Jl CHH Or O CH.TJ y3T a
aa 'lJe p Te ' Ke . Y!3 TOlJKII K 1 II p OBOJ,HT se p r n xa.m.nyro .1HH H IO II TOl l­
1l0C TpOe H ua tPH rypy C HOpMaJlbHo i'1 oc a m coir 56 paax epa IV p o cra,
xy ne p eceve n nn ee C J1 H HlIe i'I HH3a 0 60 3Ha lJaI{) T 6 YK BOH H 7 . H 7H s =
y KOTOpOH H3MepeHH5I CT=Cr. H a pH C. 49 n oxa aano no crp oenne
= T~T~ . P annycoa K1K s n p OBo n51T ny ry K n p 5ll\IO H K1H7, K)Hs H
69
68
 iJIT3 l lK II 13 npo pes K a p ~'13H3 il OT13e;JeHlle 604K3 nam.ro neno cpen­
cr BCII HO 113 TK31111.
n .1H nO CTpOe HHH BbIT3 l IKII 13 np ope s 1<3 p:'13I13 11 3 TOlI KII K1 B II 1I3
( p II C. 49) onycxa ror BCpTIIK 3 .1 bIl YI O .Tlll H II 10. T OlJKY n epcceueu na ee
C HII 3 0 .\1 060 3lI 3lJ 3 10T 6 n : Bo i'1 H7, Or TO lJl\H /( 1 11 3 aunun KJ/ 7
OT! ' .1 3 J.b l 13 3 10 T OT pe30K. p a 13 Hbrll 25 C.lI , JWlI CIl ero 000 3 H3 lJ3 10TOYK ­
Boij )1<.. )/<.)K I = T~T~ . H 3 T O'l K H K 1 uepea TO l[K Y )/(1 n pO BOD.5IT
Il IHD I Y IO .1 11 11 11 10 , TO qK Y IIc peCC 4CIIII51 CC C 1I113 0~ 1 060 311 3 lJ3 10T 6Y K ­
' Io li H a.
Hs TO'lIOl KI P3.3. IlYCO ~ 1 K I K5 IIp OnO;UlT jl y r y :~ o II CP CCC'I CIIIl H
:: .'l l1H lI 5l.\ lll !( IH 7 H K, H s• TO lJl(lI m ' pCCC lJeH IIH COOTBCTCTBC HH O 000 ­
11l3 lJ3 10 T '6 Y K 13 3 .\111 )/(2 JI )/(3.
KsK6 = )/(2)/(3. T OlJK Y K6 coe.JJ I H HIOT n p5D loi'1 C T OlJ lWi'I K"
n .'1H l IO.JIyq C'Il1l 5I 6 0KOBOI'i I3blT ,JlI K lI 11 3 TO lJK II K6 P 3 ,1l1Y CO.\1
r:' , I I\ GKI np OB O,UHT ny ry, TOlJ K Y n ep CCCq CH II H CC C .'I H ll lle i'1 O OKOB Oii 'B bl ­

I
~ ' jr. I~,,,
l a lJK II K Gf" JO 0 603'II3 4 a lOT i6 y K'B Oi'1 )/(4. )/(-\)/(5 =)/(2)/(;3 .
s \ w, T,

o m
s
T,2 I " , 8
"fi f , = Ksf
113
I
TOlJKII
l o.
K6
Or
B a lO T OT pe 3 0 K , p a BH bli'1
LJ ep C3
TO q KH
1-1,5
TO lJK Y
[ II B.'le DO
c.lt.
)/(5 np O SO,UHT npH ~I YI O
no JlIl H 11 l1
n OJl )IlI CIIH YI O TO %y
nporixr u
r.,
.1 1111 11 10.
OTK,13 ;Jbl ­
coen u­
yo l '8 IH I IOT C TOlJK OH K G n p 5lMo fl .'I lI 'H ll er!.
'J I I 'i'~I{.J I
II( \ ''I
11 3 ro ux u [;1 K n p 5IM o i1 [ ;1 K6 13 .'le BO B OCCT 3 13 .'IH IOT nepncun n­
;(2 .
ua K OTO p OJlI
l'y .rI5Ip . OTK.'laD. bIl3 aIO T f ;lr ~ = [; 0[5' n3 .'1b­
OT pe 30 J-:
I(r; uefunee nocr poenne .TJIIII HlI n po i'I ~ l bl II 6 01\013 0 r O cpeaa a H3 .TJO r ll 'IHO
ll o CT p o e H II IO .TJllll ll i i O CHOBbI. xax n OK a 3 a HO 11 3 pucymce.
B H3 .ll e .TJII HX 113 1'1\3 11 11 , .TJ CrKO nonna toureucn D.'I a il-:I10- T en J1 0B o i!
o G p 3 6 0 T K e , :1.0 1lY Cl<a CT C5I OTT Hil,KCl rxa uu ua 13bllly K,10CT b i K IIBO Ta
c Y~ lellbw eHH e :-'1 COOTl3eTCTBC HH O lle.'1 l l'l lIllbl p a cre opa BbIT311JOI 13
npopese xap xia na.

Oco6eHHOCTI1 IWHCTpYl1pOBaHI1H )I{l1JJCT a ua 1I0 JIHYIO </JI1rypy

-l epr e»; i 1\lI.1e T a 113 1I0 ,111 y10 rpurypv CT p OIl .\l 11 0 uaxrepcnus x :
C r = 58 C,lt , C r = 60 C It.
B bi T a lI K Y ,U.1 5l 06p a 3 0 B<:J IIII H BbIIl YI\ .10CTll H3 au cr yn i K ll BOT a
~ I O iK H O CTPO IITb B ,1.O.1eBO ~ l H II non cp e-iu ov uanpaan enun x .
n .'151 noc r poe nus BblTClllK H II .1.O .1 e B O ~1 na np aan eau u II:J T01IK H
1<1 50) B Il1l 3 on ycK310 T
(pH C, 13 epTIl1\a ,lbHYIO .111 11 11 10 :1.0
i l ll H H II
H H3 a , T0 4 KY ncpeceucnu a 3T II.'\ :I IIHIli'1 060 311a l 13 10T 6 YK130j'l Il.;

IfJ HGH 7 = 0 ,3 T~T~ = 4,5 X 0,3 = 1,4 CAl.

If '
J !l8
-- T oux y H, COe.ll llH 5I10 T n p H M o ii .'1l1lllle l l C rouxo n K" Fl pnxiu e
1/7 K I Ii I-h K 1 51 B.TJ5IJOT C5I .'l ll ll H 5IlII H ruaa. ,il.TJ51 nocr poenu n I3blT3'I K II
non epeunoxt u anp aaneuu u 11 3 T O'I l\l1 1<1 D n an paun ennn np o peaa
PHC. 49, OcoueHIlOCTIt xoucr pynponauns na.r sr o ua nO.lI1YIO l( a p ~1 3 11 3 D.O 6 0KOB o ro cpesa np OBO D.HT 'f1 P 51 ~I Y I O .TJ II II II 10, OHle 1la 51
l\JHrypy H 2 H ell ~l H H H IO ia .TJIIH - T3 . T04K Y
T3T5=0 ,6 T8T ~ = 4,5X O,6=2 ,7 C-Il. T 3T sl< I - Jll llI H ll ui u a ,

71
 ,
11 11_ ~'1
~~
A
,A~

~l n;{ As
~I
f
f As\l

y
~ iii r:;
ry ~
0.... -
CT2 • 0

Tr 1j Ts 77 !!L 7i; ,I!.. - - Tg

""""
ro T~ r,; To
K K) KJ.
f(s
f(Z"
K'J x,
Dif
f(e iHz »&t- Dii 5;
I i!(/Lif(
I
Hz IIsi 117 IlIi 11'1
If IIf - -m, I
~ 1 IfJ
a 115 !l
P IIC. 52. O c o Oellll OCTII KOllCTp Yli p o n alllHI CIIl IIIKII II n c n ou xn 113 n OJlllY IO
¢lI ry py C xo p nycox . 01 1;:I O IIC ll il bl ~1 uaaan, II DUCOKOr! oxp yr n o ­
CTblO /KIiDOTa
P IlC. 50. OCO OCIIIIOCTII KOIICTPY liP01l3111111 , KfI' PII C. 5 1. I1 0 Jl 1l3 H ¢ ll rypa
.~eT 3 n a n OJIIl YIO rpur ypy C xo pny coxr, OTKJlOl lCIIH bD I

n TC II =~ 46 ,5 ; fLrn II = 49 ,0;
11 3 3 3 a
ATC = 43, 5; Bnx = 48, 5;
BT=6, 0 (+ 1); n K = 7 ,5.
Il o.nuaa lflH rypa C OTKJlOHeHHblM Ha3aJI. xopnycon
Cnu nsa . B lJep Te)K1I OCIIOBbl cn lIHK H (pH C. 52) H nO.110'IK II 113
H a pH C. 5 1 nOKa 3aH3 'I3CT O BCTpelJ31Ow.3HC5I qlHryp 3 o u eus TII Il OBYIO epH r ypy 3H3JI Or HlJHo rO paax ep a H p OCT 3 , cpenne u rrO.11HO ­
GO.IJb worI rr OJI II OTbI, y x oropo a p a av ep CT rrpenu ur aer paaxi ep Cr . Tbl BIl OC5I T 'C,11enY Io w.He 1I 3~le ll eHHH .
C orxnonenn u v H333n KopnYC()~1 II I3 blCOKO ii o np yrn o cr s io )1\ 11 130 · T O'lK y A nep exieuraior B.11 eBO rro r o pH30HT 3.11bHOI1 JIHIII HI 'H3
T3 . Ilpn CHHTHII Mep oK C T3KOn epllr yphl B31K 1I0 orr pe n e.nm, li e 0 ,6 C,1t H n o.11 y '13 10 T BblCWYIO TOlJKY .TJ II HHII cpenne ro UlB 3 AI. T OlJ­
TOJlbKO 'Be.'1 II'I HHy , HO H y po sem, MepK H BIle E C,;]II y p o ne ns xrepxu x y AI COen HH5IIOT rrp ~H> lOiI MlII ll ei't e TOlJKOII Y. np orH6 11 3 .'1 HHHII
B :« n snue tUlI1 /11I1K e JlII HHH T3.1I1 H, TO 3TY P3 3HII UY ODle'I 310T 311 3­ T3.'1HH y BeJIH IIIB3 IOT H3 0,5 --;--0 ,7 5 0 1 ( TOlJKa T 1) . Fl pa a yro AIY
'
K3 MII + (nu uie) - (n nace) 11 CHHM3 10T H3 3TOM yposue no no.11I1 II ­ np ononsc aior n o TOlJKH T v. YI3 TOlJ KIl A I n po BOJl51 T .'1 HlI HIO ropno ­
Te.11 bIl YIO MepKY, 0 003 113 lJ351 ee C T II (npnxrepno ±5) . BII Hbl Crrll HKI1 n o rrp HHHTbl:' 1 p a cu cr a x. OCT 3.'1 bllO e n OCTpOeHl1e
J!..151 npnxiepa 'B351 T3 <pHrypa 58 -ro paaxi epa, IV pOCTa, O'lCIII, en li HKII T3 K,l\ e n POH 3BO.:L51 T co r n aCHO Mep K3:'1 1I npHlI 51T blM p 3 C­
60m, 1I1O il 1I0.'1 HOTbl co cneny iotuuxm 11 3.\l ep eHII 5IM H, C,It : 'I CT3 M.
Cni = 22 ,5 ; C r = 58 ,0 ; CT = 58 ,5 ; CT II = 6 0 ,0 (+ 5); Il onouna. W Hp HH3 n OnOl[KH (pH C. 5 2, 6 ) u a ,1HHHH rpy n a
f = lII r + n w r -t- n w = 23 ,0 + 2 ,5 + 1 = 26 ,5 c,\t. 113 TOlJ KH f 3 Kn p 51 ­
WTn = 27 ,5; C6 = 63,0 ; W r = 23,0; I h n = 57, 5; W e = 22, 0 ; 3f4
~1 011 f 3f 4 BHlB Bo ceT3B.1HIOT nepne ll.il.HKy.11 Hp. T O'l Ky n ep eceuenu s
72 7 ~~
 T OlI I\ Y K 4 coe.uni 51 lOT n P5DIo ii JllIH lIe i't 'C T O'II\OII 0 I. K3 KnOK33a ·
er o C .'lHHHeii r a n u u 0 6 03 11 a lJ alO T 6 yKB OIl T«. C mlHHe ii 6eJ.ep - D8,
110 a a pucy nxe. 1\ 3 Ko = K4K' 5·
C .1 11 HHe ll H H3 a - H 4• B e .;ll l'l llll a p acr ao pa I3LITalIKII 13 npopeae xap aaua panna :
n O.l 0 )K e HIIC .1 11H HII Ta .lJ I H cnepe.m onpene.rsnor n o <pO p:-'l y .l e
J\ 5KG ~= D,S 1' ~1' ~ = 0 ,5 X 4,5 = 2,3 C,11.
1'41'~ = 0,5 Bxc = 0,5 WTn - Illr = 0 ,5 (27,fJ - 23) = 2, 3 CAl;
B e .l lllJll Ha pacr s opon aur auex K3 1\ 4 II l( o/(6 xioacer OLIT b on pe­
1'.;.4\ = .uTn II +2 = 49 ,0 -+- 2 = 5 1,0. .1C.'l e ll a r pa<p ll lleCKII . 1-1 3 TOlJKlI 0 1 ucpes TOlJl\l! K3 on ycxa ior np s ­
-"Y IO, p an a y ro 25 C.H, II I10 n YlJa10T TO lJKY )K. H 3 TOtIK II 0 , pa nnyco v
T OtIKy T'~ co e ,LIJIII5lI0T np 5Bl 0 II c 1'O'l I\ Oi'J Ts H r o p H3 0 H1'a JIb HOH
OI )/( n p OUOil.51 T B.leBO nyry . Ha Hei'l 0 1' TOlI KIl ) !( on:.13 .'l.bI13310T
.1 11 I1 H ~fi C JIH HHeii no.nyaanoca. O1'lIIe'la51 n a nepeceseu nn C Il eii TOlJ·
OT P C3 0 1\ )K)/( I =
1" 8T" 8. T OlJ I\ Y )/( \ COC..'l. I1HHIOT np 5DlOi'1 C r ouxon 0 1 ,
I\V 7' R, . Ha ncpeCelJ C'lllil l .111 111l 1l O\JK\ no JI llll llll 'n po p c 3 3 Kap~lalla orl xre­
Flpn pacsere umpunu ncpen a ua Mill 1111 Ta .1 HH lICXO.l5lT 11 3 xrep­ '13 10 1' TOlJKY K\.
K 3 1\ 4 - Beml ' I1JHa pacrnopa ncpcnuc n I3blTa lK ll.
KII C 1' I I. 11 3 TOlJI\lI 0
1
P3 il. ]lyCO ~ 1 K 1 K5
·n p 0 I30 .], 51 T -'l. yry. lI ep CCe KalOIll YIO

1'~T~ = 0,4 ( C T II+ Kcpen - Cr) + Bn< = 0,4 (60 + I1p 51 ~I LJ e 0 1)/( 1l 0 \)/(1. T OlJ KH ne peCC lJe llH51 nyru C 3 T lI ~11I .11l1J1l51 ­
\ Il I COOTB e TCTI3CIl HO 060 3113 '13JO T 6 Y I<B 3~1 1l )/(2, JK 3.
+ 6 ,8- 58) + 1 = 4,5 C.1t
K;KG= )f(~)f( 3'
ox pyrnenno) . rae xiepxa Bx: p a sn a YBc.l l11leH lllO BLl e~I KH TH.lIIH,
1i;111 113 TO'!l\!J 1\ 5 napa.TJJJ e.'lb!l O JIIlH!l1J 60 lJI<a I1 P OBO;],51T np 51MYIO,
p a l3Hy lO or pes xy K~H7. TOlJK Y n; COCn HIl$l IOT C.1CrJ<a BLm y KJJoi'l
1' ~1' ~ = Ill rn - W I' = 27,5 -23 = 4,5
J-1~ n o .TJ ll ll ll lI !-[, ~lio OTK,13.1 blBa lOT
C.lt.
.1 l1Hll e ii C TO'l KOii n; OT TOlIKII
1/13 r on xn T~ K n p 51~l oll T '~1' ~
BBCpX BOCCTaB M 'lIOT nepn enaa­ Tp e 3 0 K H~J-! ~ = '\'5 C.lt. T OlJ l\H KG II H~ COell. JIHHIOT np 51:Vlo i't
Ky.l 51 p -,il,0 ypO BH51 H3M Cp CHH 51 C T I I. no.nyu euu y io T OlJKY 0 60 3 11a ­
.'l l l ll ll e iL
' Ja lOT 6 yKB OH T9 ·1'~T9 = 5 CN. To-ney To COC).I. ll H5IlOT n paxiof e TO'l' .ll.l51 Y~le H L W CIII I 51 CYTIO)l\ KlI co cro pouu 6 0pTa na <p o p~I O B aH ll c
[w fi f 8 II urrpuxoson JIIHlH el1 c TOlJ KOll T s. WIlPIIH Y n O.'10lJ KII na Bbl n y K,l o c T H r pyn n BBOll.51T BblTallKY 13 ro pnon any. B CJIli'IIIH a pac­
yponue nucr y ria xcunor a n p OBCp 5l10T naxiepcuuext paccr oann n OT T130pa BLITa'Il<H 1,5 01 , n.n ma 10-1 2 C.lt. .llJlSl TO'lKy A'I OT' ~Toro
TO'lKII T7 11.0 T O'l KH Tg. [\0 71. I1 T B.leBO II 'BBCp X na 0,75 c.lt, a TOtIKy A5 na CTOJI L KO il\e

1'71'0 = Wn1 + 4 = 27,5 + 4 = 3 1,5 C.H. un p ano.

n o H a ~I e 'l e HJl bnl T O 'l K a~1 CTpOHT '1epTe )!<, 1(3 1( n OKa3aHO na pu­
I~ 3 TO'l KH T~ onycxaior 'Be p T II K3 Jl b Hy lo.u nnno ).1.0 B Il 3 a, or xre ­ cyuxe. Ilo.man qmrypa KOHycoo6p,l31l0H <pOPMbl
!Jil ll ua e e nepe ceu eann C .1 IIHHeIIOe.l Cp TOlJKY D ~, C JIllllH el1 nn­
J (l - - H's. H 3 pII C. 53 n oxasa na '<pHr y p a oueus 60.1 b lll Oi'l 1I0 .'1 HOTbl , ll a n o ­
1'~l1 ~ --= TH + 0 ,5 ..;- 0 ,7,5 C.ll. ~1 Il H 3 10 lll. a 51 no rp cpxre ycelJellHLIH KOHy C - CY)l<e Il1l351 B n .'lelJa x II
pacuinpeunau 13 6 e .1. pax , co C.1360 Bblp3 i1\ eIIll oi'l 13 l.>IC ~ I KOil n a r a ­
Y Cp TC}}\ n OJJOl( KII ua raxyio tpury py CTp05lT C OTPC 3 HbB I JI II II Ka l\ C3a,J.II. 1 3K II no 60J<a~1. Flo.t oxccnue xopn yca 1I 0 p~13 .1b llo e .
) O 'IKO ~ 1. KOllyco 06pa 3H ocTb (1) II ry p bl Hcp e .'11\O yC II,l 11 BacT c Sl ony me Hll hl­
.ll.l51 TIOCTp OCHH51 ncpenx cir BblTa'lI\II OT TO' \l<H K I n o .1 HHHB ~ I II n .'lella~IH II OTBII C.l bDI il'IJ 13 0 TO~1. [l pu OTBIl c,;IO ~ 1 il<llBOTe CHII­
K\ K2 OT!<JJa l1.bIBa!OT oTp e 3 0K. paB llbli'1 I c.ll. n o .'1y'l CII II Y10 TOlJKY vi a to r 1l.0no.'1HIIT e .1L IlYIO ~I C P K Y C T II II n OJl ylJeHII bli'l pasxr ep npo ­
0 0 0 3 1la lJa IOT 6 y KBOi'l K3. 1·13 TO'l KII K3 aaepx BOCCTa B.l51 lOT BepTII' ncpmor no lJepTc iKy (nyHKTllpHa51 .'111111151 T ~T g (CM . pnc. 54) .
K3 .1 b fl YIO JIIlH IJIO, li e .'I.OBO,J.H ee ao .nnn n: rpvrn : na 5- 6 C.11. nO .1Y ­ U .l51 npuxie pa npe,J..1ar ae TC51 nocrp ocnue '1CP TCi I\Ci'I ncr ancf
ueun yio T Oll KY ocosua uaior GYI\Bo ii O. H a .1 111 ! IIII K 30 , III1iKe urrpu ­ n 1lZ1.iKa K3 n o.1 Yll plI.l er alOm e ro cnnysra 11 3 <!lIIr y py GO·ro pa 3 '~le pa,
'X OBOf! JlHHIIH a a 2- 3 C.II, CTaB51 T TO'lI\Y 0 1 (nepuinu a p ac rno pa IV pocr a , OlJe Hb OO: l b WO lI n o .1H OT!>! co c.leJ.YIO ll lll MII 1 13~'l ep ellll 51 -
BbIT a 11Kll ) .
\ l ll , [,11:
Benunan a pacra opa nepenuen BblTa'lK II n o JlllHlIH npopeaa xap­
xia na pas ua : Cui = 22,5; Cr = 60,0; CT = 6\ ,5; Illr ri = 26,0; C6 = 66,0;
Wr = 22,5 ; ,am = 58,5; We = 23,0; UTe = 44 ,5; B nK c= 49 ,5;
K3K4 = 0,4 1'~1' ; = 0,4 X 5 =2 C.I/.
75
74
 }lTC II = 47,5; }lTn II = 5 0 ,0 ; lin = 16, 5; BT = 3,5

(- 1, 5); n l< =8,0.

Y lI II T LI 1l3H o c oO eHH OCTlI Te.rIOC.l OiK e I11IH )].3 11 Hall (p ll r Y P bl, np n ­

G3 11 KIl 11 3 CB0 6 0 LUWC otine r a u ue B 0 6 JI3 CTII rp ynn YU N IH 4H U3IOT
'"
...... ,,-'" ~:i; '
:: 11 3 1- 1 ,5 C II , B 06 .'l3 CT lI T3 .'lIl!! H oencp n ecxo.m.xo Y :-'lC ll b W 3 10 T,
l...'"' ~
o
r; a WlI P l lHY lI O .rJ IIH lI ll nnev Y ll e.l I1tIllB 310T .
o
CnUH/W. CnHH l<Y no .'JHHHII T 3 .1HII H oene p P 3 CWllP HIOT K3 K n o
'" :e
z::

=
.
c,
0
cpeznreii .rJHHlHl, T3 K H no 60K OBOMy cpeay (puc. 54, a) . B 11 3W CM
l i p ll M e p c TT o= 1,25 C I t. l'!3 T04KIl Y xepea TO'IKH To npononsr nps­
~-&
~ I Y IO ..1.0 .nunn: HH 3 3, TO' lK y n epeceu enns ee C Jl II HIIC rt o e)].ep 060­
5'2 l II 3 4 3 10 T 6 yrm ol"l 01, C .'llllllIcfI H II 3 3 - HI . }l o n o .rJ HIl Tc .rJ bH bI H ripo­
~--
II o: M
-'"
-c.
=\0
"' 0
r ll o ToTI = 0 ,5 C.lt. O CT3nbH o e nocrp oenue n po Il 311 0 .J.HT n o JIle p K 3 "1
II npHH 5ITbIM p3 c lI eT3M .
o'" 0u f7 0 ./l 0'1/w . B .n.3HH O"I npux epe 'n p II Bo )].HTCH lI e CKO.l b KO nnc e lI O­
::c:....fll, e-~
:>'0
cr poenue nO Jl0 4l< 1l 11 3 no.nnyio tPHr yp y n o Cp3BH e l111 10 C pH C. 48, 5 2.
0..:;:::
.... lll np m r y nepe.ra H 3 .111 HHH T 3 JIlI1I (puc, 54 ,6 ) OTK .13.n.bI133IOT B 06 ­
~ 0
p 3 THO" 1 11 3 n p 3 B.rIel1l1 l1 OT .1HHHlI n OJl p 3H OC3 - B CTOp0 l1y OOK 3 .
~ ~.
~ r: Fl pnnycx 'H 3 sucryn /KlI BOT 3 nenaior OT .rJ Il II H lI , xacarensuo f .nn­
I -
~3::'"
.-..... - G
;:: t: 1I11 H 'n po i1M bl r
4 T7 B CT Op OH y 60KOB Oii B LITa4KH . B CJlll'lHIlY pacrs o­
~l...'" ".­ .;;; 25>--. p 3 ULlT a 'l KlI B xa pxia uu a nu cryn /K liBOTa OT Kn aJLLI I33 10T OT .'JlIHlIlI
§t:=
C)
npopeaa K3p :\I3 Ha He K 1l1l3Y, a sn epx. Bean -m ny P3 ClU lIP CH lIH n ep e­
'5
u
-& 11 3 n o .1 11 1l1l1l T a .1HH onpenen mor norp op ay a e:
0",
~
..: r.r; = 0,4 (CT + Kcpen - Cr) = 0,4 ( 6 1,5 ~f' 6, 8 - 60) = 3, 3 0 / ,
u':>
IlJlIl T 7T; zr : Illrn-s-Ill r = 26 - 2 2 ,5 = 3 ,5 C.II.

~
'-:: .". ~
WIIPllII YlI OJl 0 4KII 113 ypcane asrcr yna , K HI30 T3 npOB Cp5l 10T 11 3­
'<:
"" "-
'" ~
\ I e p e HIl C:\1 P 3 CCT051 HIIH or T~ !LO TO'I KII
TO'l KH T;.
T~T ; = Illru + 3,5 -0- 4 -= 2 6 + 3,5 -0- 4~ .
3 0 · C.H.

vb TO'I KII 17 6 np osonar npsnr y io .rIlIH li iO u e p e s TO'lKy T;, TO 'l Ky

n e p e c e u e u n u .3To ii .rJ HIlH H C J/lu m e ii n p o p ea a K3p " 13 1Ia 0 0 0 3 H 3 'l 3 1O T
'"'"
I~I
.!... y K I30 ii K' , C J1HHlle i i np on xn; r 4rS - o yK u oii r..
<..:l ~- '"
r­ n O.l 0 ,I\ CIlH C .'l IIH Il H o OKOBOl"1 'B bI T 3 I KII:
'
"0
0.. '"
c:: K'K5 =r~r l o = 3, .5 C II. 1 04 K H K~ 1I r IO coe.n. HH 51 10 T np HlIl oii .m r ­
c-, e­
1Il1e ii .
-e=ou0
'-I:;)

Be.u tunna p 3 CTI30p a I3blTa'IKH U xa pxran pasn a :

e-,
C"5 =
11)0
:.: K5K6 = 0 ,7 x T 7T; = 0,7 x 3, 5 = 2, 5 C/II (oxpyrnenno).
u Be.u ruuna p a CTI30 p a BbIT 3 4 l<1I B l\ 3jH 13 1l KsK 6 ~I O ,K e T OblTb
0: on p ea e.nen a rp 3 tP H lJ C C K IHl nY Te ~I u ep e a .'I lI HlI II n p op ea a Kap:Vla 1I3 ,
rne )/\)1( 1 = T7T; = B II\.
}l.'l H on pcncne n u n p3 CTI30p 3 OOKOBo i't I3bITali KH 11 3 TO'IKII Ks
p a .m y c o xr, p 3 BlI LI 1lI K1K s, np O.UO;l5lT J! y r y nnep x II 1l3 .r:t CIJO H TOII K Y
e p e Ce tI e H II 51 e e C m ll I lIe }1 Ksr lO 000 3f13 4alOTO Y K I30ii )/\2.

77
 B ,u e: I 5IX co x p3 HeH H5I np onopu u u ClHI HKY na CT O.lJbKO iKe C) ­
JK 2) 1(3 = 1(51<6. 113 rouxn K5 4 e p e 3 T 0 4K II JK 3 npO BO':UIT nlHDIY IO
.'I1I HII IO 11 TOIIKY nep cceueuus e e C .1IlH llei'! f 41'5 0 0 03 H a 'la IOT OY K ­ >KIf Ba lOT n o .111HIIII 6 0KOBblX cpe so a.
n O.'I0 4 KY p e KO;lIeH JI.yeTc5I paCKp311n3Tb C OT p e3 Il bD J 6 0 41\0 ;11.
BOH r; l. CY M II B a Tb ua Y4 ac TK e 6e.uep pann oxrepuo ucax n o xpa io nO .TlO'l K II.
.flo n.aHHoii KOHCTpy KUll1I n ue.mx pa cump cnun 11 3.le.'IH5I na .'1 11­
HIlH TaJlHH p eK OM ClI ll, YCT C51 aa npoexrupona n, OTIlC..1eHlle 004Ka .
r; 1" 2= 1,5 L it. T04 KY f l 2 COell,IlIlHIOT C TO'lKOI'I K5.
1<oT lI = 1(57'12; TlIf;o = T 12f 12 •

TOIIKY Til CO Cll, Il H H IOT n p H ~l o I1 .'IIlHlleii C TO'lKOfJ T~ .

n6 [J~ = n 5 [J~ = rlO r;O.
BblT alJK Y no JlIIHIlII Ta ,rIIlH OepOp;lI.15IJOT C npOrJIOO;l1 0,25-0,3 CAl
C Ka}Kll,ofJ CT OpO HGl. J1I1HIlIi np oir;llbI H 60KOB oro cpeaa n.O.rDKHbl no
nocrp oen mo nOBTop HTb OCHOBy, y-urrunaa o c06e llHOCTIl T e .l0C JlO­
MelIH5I JI.3HH0I1 rpu r ypu . J1I1HIIIO 6 0K OOblX cpeson 1I0.'I0'1KIl II cnnu­
I'll ypaau iraa ror n o KO l-IT PO.'lb H bD I TO'IKa;ll.
lI.JlH otipa acnann s Bb lnYKJlOCTI1 B 06.1aCTII rpY :UIB BO;l51T au ­
T a lJK Y 0 r cpa onnuy.
~
(H l rY Pb l C OTKJlOH EHH5IMH B TA30BOM n05l CE ~
'I
fl' \epK y C6 n np a KTlIJ{C aauporun uxon He IIp llIl5lTO pa C'lJl CIl5lTL I
aa Y1l aC TK ll . A ;ll e }K ll, Y TC;l1
C6 lJaCTO lIa6.1IoJ,a IOTC5I HCO!l.lIHaI<OBbI C
H 6 e.il.ep , II ecnn '11C Y IIe CTb
Y p a 3HbIX .'II On ei'! C O;1.11 Il <J Ko n o ii ;lI Cp KOI'I

oc06eHHOCTII
pa axiepu II <pOp;llbl Hr OWlU
Te.l0C.'IOMCHH5I , TO no
I
I I W
MO}f(e T CKa3aT bC H

II C33 !L!1.
ua nocanxe 11 3J,e .r1 II 51 . Ka K uinpnna Cflllll KIl 11 ('
MO}f(eT KO;llll ellCllpOB aTb aay ac enue ncpe.aa, T a K II umpun a ncpe,u
He ;llO i KeT xoxm eucuponan, s ayxc eune 1l3J,e ;11151 n 00 .1ClCTJI 6 e .1e p.

H HiK C nplIBO.1,lI;11 nsa npu xiepa

cnuuxu 11 1l0Jl0'1K II ua <pJIrypbl C p a 3H bDHI Il pO nOpUHSDllI
TCJJ3, pa cnO .'I Oi I( ClIHbDIIi a a ypoaa e 113;11epelIIlH C6 .
OC0 6C II lI o o e ii KOHCTPYllP OH311JIH
43 CTP,l',
\I r 'I
I,
'I
I,
II
II

HIli-H. III \\{"

==
~Hryp a c n .TlO CKHMI1 oe,lI,p a M H If Bbl CTyn a lOllllf l\lll s ron uuasn­ H; ) (2

n o xr epxc Co na unan jpu r ypa MO M eT He or npo­

OT.l l1'1a T bC 5I P II C. 55. 11 3M CII C IIII C lI CP T C i K il O C IIOIlLI 11 <1 lpll rypy C nJlO CKI I~1f1 UCn. P<lMI I II 1 \I , Il':I ~
1Ii1lOlli ll MIl l1r O LllIu a~111 (noxa aauo CII.10lllllhl :.n1 n ll lll l l1 ~l lI )
nopIUIOH a .1bHO CJlOi!<CHHoii T111l000 1I. nane.nue. CKP o eHH O
O .uHaKO
no l{ CpTCi!( a ~1 11.111 .Tl e K a.'I a M .um l runonof (!mryp bI . npn npIDI CpI( e HCI
pac caa rpn naexr yio (fm r yp y o y n eT C .1HW KO~1 CBo 6o !J, 1l0 no OC.'I.p a;ll, T a K II no xp a io OO'l K a (l3 nam exi npuv epe no 0.5 Cit C Kail\llO i !
<J C3a JU I rtpuner ars. Cr eu eru, YII Jl o w. e HIl 51 oe!l.e p ;lIO)I,H C!
C.TlllllI KOM CT OP Oll b! ) . Ilpu HCOOX O.:IIDIO CTII OO.l !>lu o r o Cyil( CHHH n O.l 0'l KII II ,!
onpcncmrn, npunoxcennexr .TlHHeiiKIl K '6 e;l: p a ;ll , ynnp as e e B CpW IIH y yua CT Ke 6 e.:lep T3KMe cy»cnsaior 11 p ornI y.
B noaxrsnueuuu e snanuuu. Eoxonu e nblC~I KII y nponopunona.u.n o Flpn p3CKp aHBaHHII U3JI.e:JHH 6 C3 orpesnoro 60lJ I\3 cync enue n a
CJlO iK CHIlOf! (jmr ypbI COCT3 'B,lHIOT n p ID I c p H O no 2,5-3 Cll. y uacr xe 6en cp n p OIl 3 BO,1,51 T no .'IHlIlfiDl 60K OBblX cpe son n O.'IO'I KII.
Koppexru poaaun e 6 3 3 0 BblX JlCK 3Jl 33K.:JIO 'l a CT CH B cnenytoiu exr. ~H rypa C n .TlOCKHMH Slr O,lI,Hua MH H BbIn YK JlblMI1 6 e,lI,paM I
Cp eJI.HIOIO JlI1HHIO CIl Il H K II or T3 .Tl Il I1 no HII 3a P3 CWlIPHIOT (pu c . 55) .
B aaur ea npuxi ep c H H I = 1 C,Il , HH ; = 0,5 C.ll B 1I1I3 . To'IK )' Ii fl o xrep xa » Co n.3IHI351 rpl1r ypa ;lIOil, CT He OTJl JlII3T bC 51 or npo­
1I0 p U HOHa .'I b Il 0 C.l 0il, e H HOfl. O .TJ.Ha KO n snenne, CK poe H HOC n o n epre­
c o e.u Il HHIOT n p H M o II C TOlJKOii H 2.
7g,
78
i KeJ:\1 THnOBOii q)li r yp ul , n pu npn x epxe H3 p3COI3TpHB3 e"1ylO cpu­
r y p y '6y n eT 33 yxceuo (:\lOrYT p a CXOJ,HTbC5I nOJIOtIKH) - n a Ylla CTKe
6 e..'l,ep 6 y..'l,YT BHJlHbl CTpe:I KII I1aT5IiI, eHH5I , 3 C33.i1.H 113 21. e ~1I1e oy..'l,eT
C.1 II WKO:\1 C£30002l.HO.
l~
I I
I I
I I
I I
\I~\
P Il C. 56. I'!:m cll clHl c '1Cp TC}Ka OCIIO IJbl u a ¢Il r y p y C n JlOCKIl~111 nr on uua
Jl bl M ll 6 CLlp a~1I 1 (n oxa a au o W TPIIX OIJblM Il JlIIIlIIH MII)
H :Dl cn CHII5I Il l[ c pT Cil\ aX OClI O£3 bl 33 1\.110 11310 TC5I B cnenyioureu .
C nIl HKY n o Jl l1 l1 l1 H Cp C;1-11 Cr O uma OT .1HlIHII T3,111 11 Jl,0 'IIH3a CYiI\ H­
8 3 10T ( pIIC . 56 ) . B u e.rs x co x p a n enna n p onopu un on nn x y n a
CTO .l uK O iK e P3 CWHP5I IOT no .11I 1I 1I5I :V1 6 0K OB bl X cp eao n.
fI OJIO'l Ky p eKOMeIUI.y eTC5I paCK p3 11 B3Tb C OTpe3I1b1M 60 lJKO M.
P acunrpenn e u a YlJa CTKe o e,J. cp np OH 3IlOJ,51T paBHO:\ICP ll O K3K no
x p aio n OJI01I KH, T3 K H no x p a io 0 011K3. Fl pu OlJ eHb 'Bbrn YK:l blX o eJl­
pax peKO "l eIUl yeTC51 r aioxe n a 0 ,5-0,75 c..~t paCWHpHTb llp Ol1MY II
n a 0 ,5 Ot YJlJIIIHII Tb nO ~10 'lKY If OTPC3I101i 'OOLJ O'K a a y n ac rx e oCJlep .
80
B bInYKJlOC Tb 6 c2I.ep H3 l l eBo H H np a son cro pon a x MOil <eT 6 bITb
lICO.lIJHa Ko Ba . I/13:\leHeHH5I B KOHCTPYK UII H n p Oll 3BOJl5l T Ta K, '1T0 6 bl
110 B0 3:'>'1O )KH OCTH CLTI 3.uHTb 3TO T HCJlOCT aTOK.
¢HfYPbl C PA3JlH4Hbll\\H nponOPUH51MH Y4ACTKOB no
06XBATY fPY}],H
K a J( nOKa3 bIBa lOT 11H0rOtIIlCJIeH Hble 1l3Mep eHIl5I Ha CeJIeHIl5l, n p o­
neu eHHbl e aHTp o n o.l o r 3 MH, nOCT05lHHOH np on opUH OH3JIbHOII CB5I3 H
li e cy utec rny er He TO .J1bKO Meil\.uy OOXB aT3 MII Ta ,1]!H Ii oenep n o
lJTHOWen li lO K OOXB3Ty rp YUH, HO Ii :Vl eilW Y OT.!I.eJIbHbI MH y-i ac r x a ­
:\I H Ty .TJ OBIi llI.a B O..'l,HO:'>! OO XB3T e rpy .!I.ll- :Vl eil\.!I.Y WIlPHIIOH rp y .!I.1l,
n p OHMbl H Cn lI HbI. Hec opa3 MepH OCTb umpnnu r p Y.!I. H, n p oiiM bl H
CIlIIH bl 5I BMle TC5I CTOJIb lIaCTOH, tITO Y1ITe Ha npu KJIaCcHltlllK3'Ull lf
r11r1 0 Bb1X epHryp nonOJ1lIOTaM B WKaJIe THnop a 3Mep op OCTO B nJIH
:\\a CCOBo r o II 3r OTOBneHII5I one)J{.!I.bl u ap s n y C pa 3Mep3:VIH CT H C 6 .
T a K, COr.l aCHO -ratirmue «A 6 COJIIOTllble BeJIHtIHHbl H3M ep e1lH51 rnn o­
Bbl X di n r yp MYil\ '1HII .!I.JI51 KOHCTp yH p o BaHHH on e)J{'nbl» ( CM . np ano ­
i l\ eHII e 1) LUHpHHa r pynn OT MeHbwe li K 6 0JIbW eii n o.nnor e y sen u ­
lJHBaeTC5I 1Ia 0,5 CN H p33HHua Meil<JlY 3TlI MH s eJIllllll Ha:V1ll B 'Kp aii ­
II HX no .nuo rax on n o r o paaxiepa JlOCTHrae T 1--; -)1,5 CAL
,U JI5I ue.TJe fI l<oHCTp y Hp oBa HHH OJleil\Jl W OOJIee BaiKHoe 3Hall eHIl e
uxieer ne Mep Ka lllr, a unrpnu a r-p y nn no JIHB IlIl H3Mep eHIf51 Cr ,
T. e. n o Bbl CTy'nalolU HM TOll KaM rp y nn W I' II. 3 .!I.eCb paaue p umpn­
II bl r pyn n , COrJlaC HO p3 C'Iem OH r a rinu u e « P ac n p e.!I.e.TI eHH5I Mep KIl
C r n o ytI a C T K a ~1 cnnuu, npoiiMbI Ii rp y nn» (CM. npn.TJ o il\ ellue 2,
r p arpy «um pn u a n o au ») , y BeJIH'I liBaeTC51 OT MeHblll eH K 60JIbWeH
n OJIlIOTe Il O.!I.HOM p aavepe Cr a a 0,9 CAt H p asnn ua B onHOM p aa­
Mep e Cr Me)J{n y Kpa flHllMll n OJIHOTaMH ILOCTHr a eT 2 --:-- 3 CAL
113 31'0li Ta O,T]HUbI BIlJlHO, tITO lIeM OOJIb We WI' II (13 npcne.aax
o rm o r o p aauepa), TeM MeHbwe urnpuu a np oiiM bl, H p as uuu a Me)J{­
ny Kpai'lH HMll n OJI HOTa MH .!I.OCTHTaeT 1,7 --:--2, 5 CM.
OT K.l oHe Hli 51 B inupnne rp y nn ( B 3aBH CHMOCTIl OT ee qlOpMbl,
nO.1HOTbI cpll r ypbl) Moryr n oa n ens aa COOO I1 He TO.TIbKO 1I3Mell eHil fi
U KOHCTpyK UIl H n On O'IKH n o JIIlHlln r p y JlH, 11 0 Il ~aJIaHCa H3.!I.eJIH5I.
uu 11 IJbIn yK ­
fI OJIyq elHle T011lIblX Mep OK umpnnu n p OI1M bI (Illnp) H WI' II
nyr eu lI en o cp enCTIlelllloro OO Me pa qlHr yp bl 3a Tpyn HeHo Il 3-3a OT­
Cy TCTBH5I u a ar ux y tI a CTKaX o no p n u x a Ha TO ~IIPJe C K IIX TO'l eK. Ha
n pa KTHKe3TH :\l e p KIi npHH5IT O rt on yu ar s p a cn eruua n y r ea (n pnuexr
B 3TH pacu er u 'laCT O BKJ1IOtIa IOTC5I np n nycxn n a CBo6 0.!I.HOe 0 6JIe ­
ra u ne , Il 3 aBHCID IOCTH OT CHJI y 3T a, H n a uiau).
Ill upnn y n pOf! :'>l bl npu lIe06X Oll.HMOCTIf MO){{HO 1l 3~l e pH Tb KO M­
6 HHHp OBa lI II o fl JI llIl elI KOH, KaK n o x aaauo a a pu c. 57 . 3 II a H Mep KH
Illnp , C r Ii W c, :\IO)KHO onpen e.nurs WI' II.
H anpnx ep: C r=50 CM, Wc=19 ,5 CAt , LUnp =12,5 C,It . Tor n a:
WI' II = Cr - (Illc + Ill np) = 50 - (19,5 + 12,5) = 18 CM .
8\
6- 895
 : I Y I O LU lI ~l l1 xapaK Te pHbD I H 1I 3~IepeHllfl~ 1 1I *, c.lt :
CUI = 19,8(- 0 ,3) ; CT= 40,5(-3,0) ; C6=5 \ ( -2,0) ;
W r = 18 ,5 ( - 0 ,5) ; IlJrII = 17 , 1 ( - 1,0 ) ; Ul2 = 19 ,7 ( + 0 , \ ) ;
Ill np = 13 ,2 ( + 1,2) ; jlrn = 53 ,8 ( -0,2) ; n,( = 7,2 ( - 0 ,3) .
H 3~l eH e HIl51 B KOHCTPYKIUI H c nl l HKII 1I n O.l O'l KlI H3 ru nosyio cp H­
r yp y ~l a .lO li n 0.'111 OTl,] " ~) 1< 33allbl aa p HC. 58 CnJIOWHbn U I JIll HHHMH.

OC06 CIIIIOCTH KOIIClpYHpoB alllHl cnHIIKII II nO JIO·tKH ua l\!Hrypy

60JlbWOit nO.11HOTbi

n .151 r oro q . 0 61>1 no xa s a rs , xaxn e H3M eHeHH51 nponcxon sr C

'iC !H C;'l<OM nll n )ol< al< <l 1l.'l51 r nno ao u qmrypt» cpen uef nOJIHOTbl np u
l, o IlCTpy ll p oBa lll1\1 nIJlllI<aKa ua ru nouyio dnrr ypy 6 0Jlbwoii nOJlHO­
Tbl, B351Ta ep Hr y p a 50- ro p as xie p a IV pOCTa co CJl e.llY lo lu l l ~1I1 xap a x ­

,,,
r e p HbD I II 1I 3 ~l e p e H I1 H~ IIl , C it :
Cui = 20,4 (+ 0 ,3) ; CT = 4 6 ,5 (+ 3,0 ) ; C 6 = 55 ,0 (+ 2 ,0);
WrII =
,
IlJr = 19 ,5 ( + 0 ,5) ; 19 ,0 ( + 1 ,0); Wc = 19, 5 ( -0,1) ;
I LLm =
I 1'II1
,1
' ­ Illnp = 11 ,5 (-
H 3 ~l e ll e l! li H
1, 1) ; 54,2 (+ 0 ,2) ;
B KOHCTpyKIUll l cn HIII<l1 Il nOnO'IK Il H3 rnn csy io
O K = 7 ,8 (+ 0 ,3).
CP II ­
I \1 r y p ~' .6 0Jl l> l lJOi'1 1I0 ,1110T L,1 n OK3 3311bl n a pil e. 59 cnnouiuu v » nn­
I II
I \I I1 lbl \ 111:

,,
8C1'pel l a lOTC51 OIl.Ha KO ltHl r Y{Jbt C bo.rt ce pe 3Kfl.\HJ OTK,10He HHHMH
I
,I
jl
B p3cn pcnenc lllIH xi epox n o y ' l ac TKa M 06XB3 Ta r pynu . O c o 6 eHHo
II , cnenycr Bb1.llC.'I51T b qmryp u cn Op TIJBHOrO r una , y KOTOpb l X 6 bIB a KlT
60!l cc p aanmu KCl J, rp y :l b, T3 K II n .rle'l (;' Bo i'1 1101lC npu OTII OCIlT eJlbHO
~l eH b w ci 'l lli lJp ll l1C CI11111 b l.
PIl C. 57, H axrcpeuue III I1[H \ ­ PIl C, 58, 11 3~ ! cH eHHe uepr eaca Oe IIO!!!>1 ua tlllll 'YP iI
Hb l np oii Mbl KO M6 11 1111pn­ ~la Jl o i i 11 0 .1 11 0 1 bl
IjIl HHOii JllI lI CiilW H <l> H rY Pbl H EflPonoPUHOHAJ1bH b i E n o r-o c r v H n OJ1 HOT

n p ynDI BHAO~ I OTK.'lOll eHII 51 B n p o n o p ulIH X Te.nOC,l Oi!( eHH51 HD­

Mep Ky Ill r II MO)oKHO TaKI!(e n o .1Y'lHTb np » CHHTlIll ~I C P K II UI m J1HE.' TC51 IIc copa 3~ lepHocT b poeta C OCll OBll bl MIl 1l 3 ~l e p eH II5DlI1 0 6 XB3­
( 01. CTp . 66) . TOll TC,'13. 4 e.10 Be K 1 poc r a 44-1'0 pasxrepa II II e.T\OB eK V pOCTa 52 -r o
H H:iK e npnneueuu naa npnxrepa naxreneuun 'lepTe )o l< ei'1 T11I10Roii p a 3 ~ [ ep a XOTH s ue urue CIJ,lb HO p a 3JllI4alOTC51 , HO 110 csoe xry CJlo m e­
epHr yp bl cpen neu n O.TJH OTbl J,MI ep llryp Ma.'l oii H 6 0.1bllJOii II O.'lHO Tbl . HHIO npo no p llHOll a JlbHbl. H o eC!l1I tlenOBeK 1 pOCTa 52 -ro pa3 Mepa
H.'lH V pocr a 46-1'0 p a 3 ~l ep a , TO OH ' Hc np o n opU ll OHa .T\ e11 11'0 p OCT"
IIn O.111 0Te.
OC06 CHIIO CTH KOHCTpYHpoo aHHSI cnHlIKH H nOJl04KII ua l\!IHyP Y O PIl KOll CTPY HPOB 3 l1I111 on e IK,'l. bl 11 a Tal<l le qmrypbl 3 a I( p OrI LUIlKY
MaJlO" no nuorta 11 p en l HeTCH B03 MO/KII OC Tb nOJl.60p O ~ 1 COO TBc TCTBy lome rO CM­
o er a B,
.'1 Y3T3 II ep a c olla H311emHI, p er Y .T\lIp OB aIlH e~ J KOHCTpyK THBHbl X npa­
n.1 51 roro IlT 06 bl noxas a r s , KaK H3;;l eHHKlT CH 'lepT e/K li nH ILll\ a ­
6 aBO!( B 113B eCTlIOH Mepe 0 151rtl llT b 3T H OTK.'10He ll HH. H eM aJIOe 3Ha ­
xa ,'l.Jl51 TH11 0B Oi, cpH r y p bl cpcnneu n O.ll HOTbI ua THI10 BY10 qHlr yp y
;\la .1011 n O.1 11 0T bl , B3HTa cpH r yp a 5 0 -ro paaxe pa IV pocr a co cne ­ 'ICHIl C ID JeeT pac UBc TK a rx a n n .
• B c K0 6 K a x 3 11aKaMH + H - n OK a 3 a l , bl OTK.10Il e IlH H B 1\3M epe ll llR
82 83
6'
 n OPU Il i'I p OCTa II p aaxiepa 1 C.1t n.m no 0 ,3 CIt n a K3 iK'llble 2 CM
o Tl , .1 0 1Ie ll ll H . ,\ \ e p KIl I1 T Il 006 COoTBeTcTBeHH o r ax xce yBeJIlI LJH ­
11<1 l OT . H anp nxr ep. B .'1CKa JIaX IHln lK a K a na T HOOBylO <IHlrypy 5 0 -ro
l' a:D l c p a , pOCT 17 3 C it, 1l0 .'l YlI pllJI c r a lOlll,erO cnnysr a 3 a lI p OCKTl1p OB a Ho
I1r = 7 ,0 C.It . 3T Y n pll6 aB I\ Y na (pll r ypy 50 - r o p aaxie pa, HO pocr a
185 C.It, YBC.lI JlI IlB a IOT 113 c .1e.:J.Y IOlucr o pa cu era:
185 - 17 3 = 12 C" /;
12 : 2 = 6 Coil.

I1 r = 6 . 0, 3 =1 , 8 C,\1.
Y BC.llll/ CHIl Y IO 06 lU YI0 Ilp1l6(1BKy COOTBCTCTBell ll O pa c np en e.'l 5l10 T
I I
I I no Yl/ aCT l\ a~1 UJ c , UJr II lil np .
I I n .l ll11Y nll :liKa l,3, na .n .ro. H3 0 6 0 p OT, y ~le lIblualoT , B ocorienno­
.1 I ern npu Y J, .11I 1I C lI lI O ~1 no xione CIl.'IY3Te, na 1, 5 - 2 C.lt. C o oT BeT­
I cr ne u u o pl cll bwaloT J)llHI Y n o nunuu TaJlIIII II rn youn y n poHM bl .
,1 H a 1< 0 C.l 11111K0 1>1 IW POTKlIi'1 nnnacax raiose uapyunrr nponop mno
rp llr ypbl _ noru noxa acy rc n tt pC 3 Me p ll0 Jl.TJ II 11 11 bl Mil , a rynon auie

1\0 POTKInl.
I <PUCOlI 11 l1.1i1{aKa n a <pll r yp y IJpC3M CpHO
I Bbl COI\Y IO ~1 0,'-le Jl b e p bl P CKOM ClI n YIOT na y­
I 60PT llbl i't. KaK yTB e p)J{}l,a CT 1I3 Be CTll bi n ri a­
I Pll/l\ CKll fl ;,lO .TJ.C.'l b Cp Tluep Kap neu, nay­

~\
I
I 60PTI! bl !"! TIlI JJ.i K aK 3 p JIT C.TJ b lI O y ~ le Hb lllaeT --' -~.•
, I pO CT LJe .1 0UCK3 lI p ll O.TJ 1I3 11 Te.'1blI O ua 10 c"t.
TI P lI Bbl 6 0pc «[iacoua OllllOOOpTllO r O 11 1111­
'

,,
I
I i K a K a pe lw~ l elI.uy eT C51 6 0 .11c e BblCOI,all aa ­
CTe i K K a, Y Kopol l e ll H blc .11a UI,a llbl. .ucTa.TJlI
1
I 11l!.Il)K 3 Ka - .'13UKalIbl, BOP OTlI II K, xna nauu,
I
IL ...JJ"'li.lJI ~IIII xa pxra II--'1l1CTOlIl\ a - 1IPOCKT lI PYI OT COOTBCT­
CTB eHHO Y ltc.TJ I1IJe lI lIoi'1 lIl ll p l lll bI.

P II C. 59. k l 3MeJl CIIJle ue p rcaca OCIIODI.>I ua <pll rypy PIl C. 60. ¢ lIrypa u e­
GOJll.>llJ Oi'1 no.m oru nponopunonansno nu ­ <t>Hf ypa Il C6 0 .lJbWOrO pO CTa nonu as
COKafl
1l.151 npInl epaU 351T3 (IHlry pa 5 0 - ro pa s­
BH lKe npu eon rrrcn ns a npnxiepa :I\O.1 C.'l ll p OBall llll 11 KOIl CTP YlI ­ » epa, pocr 15 5 Coli (puc. 6 1) .
(j )lI r y p a lIenblCOKoro .pocr a Il nOJI HaH
posa uus n.neuenu x 1l311eJlII ii 11 3 rp ur yp« . uecopa axre pnue n o P OCTY
6 v :J.eT Bbl r. !I51 ner t, ~I cnce non lIO fJ B OJJ.CiI{llC'
11 n OJlH OTe.
6 o : l ec n p ll .'l c r a lO lll,e ii <pOP ~ lbl, CYiK e ll ll OfJ B
<t>Hfyp a Bbl COK aSl XY Jla Sl
H.'1C'13 X 1I V .!l.'l lI lI e lI lI o I"1.
TI pn 'lW Il CTP YIl pona IIUII l1a .TJ.iI{ a xa 11
n J1S1 npuxrepa B351Ta (1lHry pa 5 0'fO paaxiepa , pO CT 18 5 C it
(pIIC . 6 0 ).
na.n.r o M O;"tHbIX 1I0 .'1 y npllJle r aIOlll,Il X 11 upu­
<Pll r yp a B[,[COKaH oyner BblfJl5lneTb xrenee BbIT 5IH YT Oi'1 B O,J. eil\J,e
naraio uiux CIl .'1y3T0I3 · ( c n 0 6 0 .Qll a 51 (p OpM a ,
I,al\ npa nuno, lI CKmOll a e TC51) Y~l e lIb llla lO T
6 0 JIe e 06b eM 'H0i'i, pacump enn on B nn enax II M eH blll dl n.n nnu .
n p1I 6 a BK y na cB06o n llOe 06 JI Cra Hlle n o 0 6­
Il p II KOH c T p yH p OI3aH llH Il ll .ui K a K a H n aJI bTO M O.uUhI X noaynpa-.
X BUTy rp ynn , Ta m ll l ntienc p H3 p a CLJ CT a : n o
JIe r a lOIU HX H npa ner arom ux cnnysro s (lI JIOTHO npu ner a iounnt, KaK
.1111 11Il l rpy n il H3 I, a il, n hl e 6 01 OTK.101IClIInI PII C. 6 1. ¢H r ypa u enp o ­
Op a BHJIO, II CKJII04 a CTC5I) YBCJI U l ll1Balo T npntiaa xy na cB 0 6 0:"tH o e 06­ 1I0PUIl OIl 3 J1 bHO n o n u aa
OT npn nanax nponopunf p o cr a H pa ax e­
n e r a n n e n o 0'6x'Ba Ty rp y n u , Jl UlIllH ~l T aJIHH II ri en ep 1i3 p a c x er a:
00 JlHHlIlI rpyn a aa Ka iKllble 6 C it OTK.TJOHeIHl 51 OT n p lI H5ITbl X n po ­
85

84
pa - 0 , 5 C.lt , lI J1H n o 0, 15 C I t na xaxcnu e 2 C it OTKJIO HeHHH . Flpu­
6 3BI01 K .\ l e p K a ~ 1 Flr II nG COOTI3e TCTBC lI HO y .\I eH b Ul 3 IDT , 11 0 T (1 K,
'l T 06 b l OHII He 6 bl .'JI1 xi e m.ure non YCTJlM bl X :'vIII Hln l 3 .1 b ll b l X n p JI0 3 130K
11 3 '3 TfI X V' Ia CT K 3 X .
H a npnxiep, B JleK3.'l3X rmroxaxa n a T ll nO I3)' IO qlJl r y p)' 5 0 -r o p a a ­
xicp a , p OCT 17 3 C,H, no.n ynpu .rer a to m e r o CII .'1Y3 T a 33n pOCI,TI1pO IHl110
l l r= 7,0 C.I!. 3 T y nprrtiaaxy H 3 qJll r yp y 5 0- 1" 0 p asxi ep a , H O pocr a
155 O t, Y\l e Hb lUalo T 113 cnenyto urero p a C'I CT 3 .
17 3 - 155 = 18 C,II ;
18 : 6 = 3 C.lI;
n r = 3X O,5= 1, 5 est.

Y lII e H b Ul('II I1Y IO O GU~YIO np nrianxy COOTB eT CTl3e ill JO pacn pen en snor
n o ysacr xa u UI c, Il l r H W n p .
.uJl fI H y n 11.1 il < a K3, na.t b TO 06bI'I H 0 y B C.l 11'11I13 3 l OT 113 1 - 2 C,It .
coora er cr u e u no yA e .l l l '111 1l3 51 ,]) 111 11)' no .1 1lH 11 11 Ta .1 Il Il II L 1 Y OIIIIS
n p o ih l bl. On u ax o C .rlI·l lJIKO ~l )' Jl .'1f1I I l' H lI bl i'[ n l l.'l i K i1K TaIOI\(; H e P CKO ­
\ l e Hn.ye TcH .1 M I T81<OII rp urypt» , r ax KClK lI il P Y lI I II T ee nponopunro
1I0 n l n OK a iK Y TC5I upeaxiepno I «) P O T K fI ~l ll , a r y.fI OBH IU C JJ..1 H l l ll l>D I.
Ha <IH l r y p y lI CB bl COIW l' O p OCTa tI KO pC lI,l CT )' JO ~1O .'le ,l b C p bl
P CK O­
Mell,ll. Y JOl O:U IOOO P Tll bli 'l 1I1lllllUIK C y : U ]J-l lI C'l!lI bn l ll I I cy accnu u xru
\
na 1..lK a H 3 MII , upcn no ur ur em.n o C n p l l n OW I HT l>I ~t I I YCTYll aMlI . fl CT a .fIl l
I
nl1 l1) i WK a - BOp OH lI l l<, IU IaII Clll hl, ]<iljH 1Cl IIl> !- m[CTO LJKII II ,ll,p y r ll c _. ­
\
npoe xr upyrot COOT UCT CT n Cll ll O ~ 1 E' Hb l ll e j'1 um prun».

ur y p a, pacum peuuas n nn e-tax

\ , --
I

Ii
1l.fJ 51 II PH .\ 1ep (J 13351 T <.I <\1I1r y p 8 , pac ui II penn 8 51 B n.r cu 8 x II CYjl<ClI ' PIl C. 63, H 3M C II C Il Ij(~ 4 CP TCi K3 OCIIOllbl 113 q,lIry py ,
BaR B 6 e n p a .\ , 50- 1'0 paaxrcpa IV p OCT a ( puc. 62) co C.'1C.1 Y IOlll ll­ ' II '~ . 1;2. (!)lIr yp a. jl il CIIIII '
pellll il ~ II u.rc-i ax
p acuntpenny io lJ nncuax
~lH OCII OB H l>I MII OT,fI ll 'I I I T C.'Ib Hhl,\ 11I Jl3 \l e p ell l15L\llf ( OTK ,'lO}l eU H 51 IJ 1I3­
Mep e ll H sl x no :J. ll a .\ l e r p a M ~ l e il' 1I. Y n .'l E'LJ e B bL\! 1l T O'l K ,D I II H n o OOXB,l ­
Ty 6c,'1 cp noxa aa u u B cx o ri x ax 3 11 a K 3 \1 1l + II - ) . C.lt:
III H OK a T ,1 p y xau a . Y ' I HT bIIl a 51 , ' ITO Y ra xu x ~H ry p 11 .1 ClJl! lJa CT O

Cr = 50; CT = 42,5 (- 1); C6 = 50 ,0 (-3) ; llln = 16 ,5 ( + 1,2) paaaepuyr u . na 0, 5 CJ t yxiens uia tor iuu p u n y r o p n o ulI Hbl l! n o c an -
I\ Y 11 0 .11111 1H1 nn e 4 Cl:lOr O uina .
Lln a Mer p Me:tl<,ll,Y IlJl eq e Bbl M II T OtI Ka~1Il - 4 1 (+ 3);
L!.Ha MeTp na yponue 5lrO,'lll qllOH OI<PY/l\HOCTH - 2 5 ( -- 2). lJ> U r Y PA C A CHI\\I\\ ETPH ~Hbl l\\ CT POE H I1EM TE J1 A

LI.ll a ~l e T p l>1 11 3 \l e p H IOT c SI IW .\ l0IlHIl P OB 3J1llO ll "lIl ll e !I K o ii . O ,J,HJl M 11 3 n a il\ll bI X npusna xoa rapa onnuecxoro CJlO }KeH ll H r ena

11 3 :VI CII CII IH I u ep r e x c a OCII OB hl , x op p e xrnp o a a un e 6 a :, 0 1\]'I .\ .'I CJ" 1.1 lJ e ,1 0 Be l<a Sl B .l 51CTC51 C H~n.le T p H H - O,ll,I1HaKO B blll p a a xt ep Ii O,ll,I1HaKO ­
<:f1Il H K II 11 110"10 LJ K II noxaaa uu 11 8 ueprc scax cnH HKIl II '1I0 JI OLJK Il B a H [!lO P:-I Cl np aao f Ii .1 e fl OH: CTO p OH rpfl r ypbJ. O .TJ.Ha IW B Ten OCJlO ­
CfI .fI Olll H bD I H .1 Il H H>I:\lIi ( puc. 63) . . i K e H ll li 'l e n OB e Ka H ep Cn KO B CTpe'laIOT CH OT K JIO H eH II 51 . Hn orn a y
Ilp ncanxy H Cl CI:lOOO,ll,HOe 0 6 .;J e raHH e no .'l IIlU IIi rp y nn y xie n u­ uen oae xa npanas pyrca O O,lee 'p a 3 BI1T a 11 n o D..'I H H e 11 no 00l)e M-Y,
wa JOT u a 0 ,7 5 -:-1,0 CA t , a 11 0 .1 Il H IiIi oe.ie p Y Be.1 11'l Il na IOT n a 0, 5 -:­ n o ra , 'H a 0 6 0 p OT , xopose . npanaa uac r s xop nyc a 110 pasa epa» o-O.'I b ­
-:-1 CAl. WIIP lHl Y n ne u a 3 p Il T e: I l>H O yxrem. utaic r aa ClJeT yne.muc ­ w e Jl e l:lo li II T . n . 3 TH OT KnOH eHHH :>lO r yT !I.0 CT Hr a T b 3- 4 C,It II H e
'lH IT l>I B 3 T b 11X npu KOHCTP YliPOB3Hll11 Oll. e il\;J.bl lI e .'1b3 51 .
86 87
 n ,1 51 npnvi epa p a COI OTp lDI T1iTI OBy lO epll1' yp y 5 0 -1'0 pasxrepa.
IV p OCT a c pen ae ji n OJlH OTbI C aCH:\DI CT PH'lH bDeI T C.l 0 C.l 0 1l( CH He :\1 B
0'6J1a CTH r pyun.
O O JOT p e n epllryp y ll nblHBllD necopa axrepn ocrs urnpnuu np a­
Boi'! H .1 e B o fl CTOpOH D 0 6.1acTH rp y.nn, 33 K p OH WH K n.'l 51 yrou uenun
BeJllI4HHbl OT l( .TJOH e H IHI CII II :\IaCT crnem.no xr epxn npanof H .r eaoii
CTOp OH 0 6xBa Tar pynu, um pnuu CTIllIlbI H 1'p YlLH , II n o 1303:\1O}1\­ ..,.
HOCTH 111l1 pHHbI np OJ1:\lbI, or xr eu a a rip enaapnre.m.no n a (j)Jll'ype ce­ Q)

p e;1.11H y cnnnu - n o n 0 3 IloH o 'IHHK Y Il c ep e .1.I1H Y 1' pY ~1. 1 1 - n o uen r­

s
:i)
py r pynu nu . Lleurp 1'p y nJ HIhI MOII(HO Y CTaHOUIlT b . onycxa 11 0 r :E
o
c;
51 pexnr of IlbIC:\II';ll ca nrnxierpoa yio ,TJeIl T Y C OTBC CO:'!. u
0
¢ Il 1'y p a nxreer cncnyrouure OT.TJ lI lln C.1JbHbl e H3 :\l e p e H I151 B n p a ­
l c;
c;
t­
DOl) (Il ) H .'l eBoi'1 (,1) cropon a x (neJ1l l lJHHhl OT K.TJ OJICII Jl Sl noxa sa uu . ~

B c K06 K a x 311aI .;a MII + Ii - ) , CM :

'-­
---
:::;
".

0­
t-
Crn = 52 ( +- 2); Crn = 48,0 (- 2); lllrn = 19 ,7 (+ 0. 7 ) ;
Q)
~
.G

U
Ill1'J] = 18 , 3 ( -0,7); Illcn = 20, 3 (+ 0 ,8); U :C,ll = 18 ,7 (- (J, b), '"
u
;.,
0.
Illnpn = 13,0 (+ 0,5); Wnp.TJ = 12,0 ( - 0 ,5). >.
'­
::
-&
'"
HeI\OT Op a 51 p as u uua :\I e ll.;n y npano f 11 ,'I CB OI"I CTo pOHa :\IH rp nrv­ Z
p sr BbI5lBIIT C5I rar o xe B 11 31vl ep ellH 5IX n T C, nrn, IlIn 11 Brnc, CQ
0
::
l13,nc ,TlII C, CKpo eHHO C 11 0 neprexcaxr lI.Jl 51 rnnoaoii qmrypu. Il OCO­ u
0
6eHHOCTll npun ermouiea (POPMbI, npn npu nepxe JIa pac cvarpuaa e­
MyIO epl11'y p y OJ,a}KeTC5I C npaaoa CT Op OHbl 3 ay}KeH Hhl lvl , C ,nCUo n ­ '"
;E
Q)

pa cump enuuxr, s acr excxa O reCT I1TC5I C ueur p a, 6 y .ue T uapyur en TaK­ t-
c,
OJ

~
}J(e6a ,'l 3 HC I13 .ue,lJI1 51. ".

B nepre acn H .n exaa a ..'lJl51 TIIn oD oi'1 epH1'ypbI BHOC5IT C.'lC nY lO U1He ':J Q)

:::
H3MeH eHH 51. B npanon (60 JIbWe1'O pa ax epa) CTopOH e crnmxy no I v
~
.'lHHH 51"1 W H pHHbI npOH MbI H r pyn n paCW I1p 5ll0 '1' ua 0 ,75 De ,1J II'IHH bI ;:;:
M
OTKJI OHeH H 5I n xr epxax (D ua uie» npnxrepe a a 0,6 C,It) , CDO n51 31"0 :s:
p actunp enn e na H eT na yuacrxe 6e.uep . COOTI3eT CTB eHH o yaen n-m­ ;i
DalOT Ulliplll-I Y nne-ra, ropnouunu CII II Il K II , a TaKII, e np oi'lMbI, Ka K
u
nOK 3 3a HO na xepreac e cnao um sn m .TJ1i1l1l5I1I1I1 (puc. 64,6) .
0.
n O,TJ Oll K Y 11 0 JIH H II51M uinp nnu r pynn 11 npoflM bI TaK II( e COOT­
B eTCTB e H HO paCWH p51IOT ua 0, 7 5 B e.1J II llH II bl OTK .1JO HeH II 5I B xr epx ax, ---=-=
CB OLl.5I 3 '1' 0 pa cum penue ua aa y-racrxe 6en cp. C o oT De T c TB eHH o
HeT
lI1eH5IIOT WHpHH y 1'OpJI OD HH bl II nrieua , a TaK}K e 6a,1JaHC 11 3n e ,TJI151.
I(aK IIOKa 3allO na lJepT e ll(e CII JlOWHbllll l1 JI II H I151lll l1 (pH C. 64, a) .
B .'leno i'l cro poue srn YlJaC T K I1 COOT De T CT Be H HO yxreneurmor
(pHC, 64, 6) .
YI 3MeH eHIl51 B WHpllHC p yxa a a , DblCOT e OK a T 3 BHOC 5IT B COOTBe T­
CTBHII C li3MeH ellHeM pa axi epoa npoiblbI no npI1H51TbI:\1 pa c-rer a a .
89
88
 OC06EHHOCTH KOH CT P YH POBAH H" nnE4EBWX
H3)J.En H)If HA <l>H rY Pbl C OTKnOH EH H"MH
nATOnOrHlJECKOro XAPA KTE PA
K y cn yr a » are.rs e uacr o otipa ura rorcs ,'110 .'l.1I , JI:\l el OIUlI e r e IUIII
unu e OTI' .'10H eHlI51 B Te ,rIOC.TJ OiK eHliII naTO.'10fH'ICC Kor o xa p a x r e p a ,
yse -u.n T. II. Ta KH e o rK .'1 0H efIH51 H aCT O.'1bKO pas no otip aanu H cy­
II
ryoo HH ,'UIBI1D.ya ,1bllbl,'ITO xn accnrpnrmpona'n, IE .'l.JI51 l(e.rIeti xou­
cr pyupoua nna On Ci! , 'ubI O'I CII b rp ynno. H uace onncansr o c06eHH OCTlI
xon crp yup onaun a 1I311e :I llii na rpnr ypu C OC06bI:\lH BII1l 3:\!11 OTK ,10 ­
H E'H HIf.
Fopfiaraa !fJllrypa
I
I
~ - ,
I I
Ha p ll C. 65 I10K a 3an a rp ur ypa C nyr ooo paa nu » roprioxr, p a cn o ­ I I
JlO/l, e l lII 1.lI;\1 II a cepe.anne en IIH u . J lI O..'l1l C r ax o ii naro .ror nef 06b!'l­
HO nenuc oxor o p OCTa, pyK II 11 HOr n necopaaxiepuo P OCTY n : I II HHbJe.
I I
a n Jl e 4 11 I3bl COKl1e , rp yzn, DIl a .rJa51 , 51 r onnuu ua­ I I
I
eT O ynnoiue nuue, a JKU BOT au cr yna ro uia a.
I I
r o p 6 ~ I O iJ( e T ObIT b KUK nocep cn nne cnunu , Tal,
H n a o ,J.Ho i i 11 3 ec cr opon (nsuu e yUJII
I
H yl CT b pa s.ru -m yio Be.1 IP IH lI Y n (pop:,>l y
HJI)K C)
(ny ru ­ I I
0 6 p a3 1IYlO lUll 3aOC TpeHl lY I0) .
l\ '\ e p K y ll b l C J l\ e ~i T01IK l1 ro p6a Br6. eCM I 0 11
pacno.toxc eu 11(1 cepenn ne cnnnu . CIIlI M alOT OT
,
I I
I
I I
ce ; I b:\l o r o urc fui oro n 0 3BoHKa , CC.1H OH na 0 ;1 ­
I
II o ii 11 3 CC CTOp OH - OT np ocxrup yexioro n .'1C~­
I I
'I C!30 r o tuna. Mc p l,y ll I lIp ll lIbI r op6 a I l l r 6 CIIII ­
I I
:\1<lIOT lI(I yponn c ero nucuieii T01I KII, 0 PIl CIITII­
I
p ) 51 Cb n o n O.10>KC HIIIO M Cp l\H Ill c. I I I
L.:I 51 npuxicpa nocr poeuns -iepre xc a nun­
I I I
~
j !,a KCl ua r opti ar v:o qJllr y p y paC O IO Tp HM c]m1' Y­
p y CO C :IC ;~ Y IO IJ UD] lI I1 3 ~! Cp e mI 5D II1 , c.1t:
P = 1Ei8,0; C w = 19 , 5 ; C r = 4 9 ,0 ; C T = 4 0 , 0 ; LU...,.· --~H2 Hz
IH
JUIf; 'I
C 6 = 4 9 ,O; "IU1' = 16,5 ; .LLTn= 5 0,O .nTc =42, 5 ;
Bnx = 46 ,0; .nTC II = 4 2 ,0 ; .nTn II ,--=. 4 2 ,0 ;
a
Pi ll . Gfj, t) COUCIIIIO CTll KOIICTP YIIJlO1l3 1111fl nnn scaxa 11 3 r OJl6 aT ),IO ' IJllr y p y
UIe = 22,0; Br6 = 17,0 .

A lICl .'1l13 J1 p y51 CH51 TbIC M CpKlI, C0 11 0 CT a B.'I51;1 xia.n. uu x rpnr v p otiu uuo COCTClIl Jl51 CT 2 , 5 CAl, 51B ,TI 51eTC5J p C3 y .TJbra T0\1
IIX C ClJl8 .TJOr 1l4 I1hl M H 1I 3~I Cp e I1H 5DI H TII110BblX
I e (p O p ~l a l (l 1 1l C11HH bl 11 11 Pl1'lH110 fl Yl\ICHbWeHIl51 P OCTa .
cjHlry p , s axpoiunnx H 3 X O!(H T , 'I TO n o :\H lOfllM H t:X0 1l.51 11 3 3T lI X c o 0 6p a i K cH H I'l 3a Kp OlIIU Ii K CTpO Il T '1e pr CiKfl
113 1I11 X, 13 4 a Cr ll OCTl I , 11 0 xrepxa » Cr , Co, Ill r, )CHOB !>1 11 11 ,1il\ (l K a 1I.1H ncnons ayer .1 CKa .TJ a TllnO B Ol1 cjlHr ypbl 46 -1'0
.nrn , cjHlr yp a COOTB er CTBy e T H 3 :\l ep CI1I15DI TII­ paa xiep a I1 p OCTa H B HOCHT coorn er cr uytouure H3 .Mell eIlII51 C Y'I e TO \ I.
ll oHoii (lmr ypb! 46-ro pa sxi epa II p OCTa . OT ­ .rerpopxtauun epn r ypbl. V13:\[ CHeHI151 B KOH CTP YI\UI111 c n ll HK ll H 110.'1 0'1 ­
K.rIOHCII l l51 B pa sxi epe C r - Y BCJII I 4 e IIlI e ua
I\H no K, \3 aII bl cn.i o w II bD H I .1HII H51 \1 H.
;3 C.lI - COOT Dc TCT ByeT Y I3e .1H4 e fl fl o I'I um pn ue Cnunt;a . n O.'1 0/l\ CH ll e BbIC IIJ e li T04K1I cpen ueu JI II II III1 c n HHK H
P IIC. 65. Fopoar an ~1I1 ­
crnmu na yponue roptia: orc yrc r nne paannuu ( puc. 66, a ) .4 cxreuia ior nnp an o n a 1 ,0 C.H no ropu ao n ran s uo f
r y pa D M ep K ax .n rc II .nTC II , KOT Opa51 n.TJ 5I HOp­
91
90
.'I Il HIl Il II no.ny uaior TOIJK Y AI. T OIJK Y AI coe,J.lI H5I10T W TP Il XOBOi"1 .1 11 ­
H lle i i C TOI IKOi'1 Y II o nYC Ka lO T n o 3 TOH ml HlI 11 na 2, 5 C ll . n On YIJCH ­ nur e.u.u y ro .\I ep K Y BblCO TbI rp ynn Br n a yposne ee HaIlOO.1b lll erO
HY[O TOIJKY 000 311aIJa IOT 6 y K DOi'l AI. r.u cr yna II npu BbI5IB.'l eHIHI ac nxmer puu rp yzm ClI lI Ma T b OT.ll.C.'Ib ­
C pC.u.H10 10 .rJIIH HlO c n HH K Ii .u.JI5I CKpI,lT I15I rop6 a cxieuiaror an eno. II bl C .\I CP l<1I W I' C npaao a II .TJ eBo j't CTOpO H rp ynu,
TT o = 1,5 O /. H:l TOIJK H Y uep es TOIJKY To npo Bo1151T I ll TPll XOB Y iO M Cp K y Br CIIID l a lO T OT c e 11b:'>l oro meau or o n o­
l
JI II H ll lO LlO 11 1l3 a . ToT o = 0,5 C,lt. 3aTe :-'1 O IC I n a lOT cpeznuoio .'IllH Ii ID l BOH K C1 n o OCHOl3a Hl11O w ell IWI1 OT np ocKTHpyeM o­
CnJ lHK Ii OT JIII IIlIl1 T a JIIllI 110 1111 3 a na y n JI OULeH He aron un, KaK n OK ;)­ 1"0 fl .'l CII CBOr o uma no H aII OO.TJe C nucrynaiouief
3 aHO ua IJCpT C, K C cn.no umof .'I HII Hdi. T OIJK II rp ynu.
H a Y'IaCTl\C ro ptia cnnn xy Ocj)Q P \ I"1 5I10 T CJIC.1YIOW.lJ\I 06pa 30 \ 1. n .il51 npuxicpa n OCTpo eHHH uepreaca nonouxn
1·'13 Y (n srcuref TOIJKIl ro p 6a ) np ODO.ll.51T ropnaoura.m.uy ro
T O'l [<II 1I1111~K(lKa na tpnr ypy C BbI c Ty na lo l u c iJ 6 01JKOO6­
Jl ll ll llIO. TOIJ K Y nepeceuenua ec C .1111HIl Cii npoiixn; 06 0 31l a l HllOT 6Y K ­ paanof cpop.\ IOii rpy nn paCOIOTpml epllryPY co
DOi'l Y 1• CJlC.uY IO UJ, Ii M Ii 1l 3~lep eHH5lMH, C.lI :
Cn'IIIl KY n a YIJ3 CT KC nu cr yria rop6a pacruupa ror na BC.1 1l'l Il Il Y P = 164 ,0; Cw = 19 , 5; C r = 50, 5 ; C T= 4 I ,O ;
OTK .TJ OHeIl H Hxr ep xa W r6 OT M Cp KIl W c r unonoa rp uryp:», B nanuo u
C6 =50,5 ; W r =21 ,0; nm = 5 3,5; IlIc =18,5;
np nue pe na 3 CAl , 11 3 HIlX ua 213 DneBO OT ,TJ I1HH I1 cpen nero IlJ Da II ll :l
1/ 3 sn pano OT JIIlJlIlIl npoanu. }lTC = 41, 5 ; BnK = 45 ,5; n TC II = 43, 5;

Y Y 2 = 2 CM , l-Im II = 45 ,5; Ilx = 6,0.

Y 1Y3 = 1 CAl . A ll a .'l1l 311p YH Cil5lTI,l C xr epxu, con OCTaBJl5lH II X

C n li HKY .ll.JI5I CK pI,I TlI H OT KJIOIIC II 1I5I epllrypbl (u u cry n r op6 a) C il l la,!']O r!l'lHbl .\l ll M epKaMH T1InO BOH epHrypbI, aa ­
s ua -urre n s uo p aCWli p HI OT n o 6 0K ODO;\l Y umy, a no nlHlHIl n p oI"!:-'l bl x po fnunx H aX O,1I1T, lITO no MH orllM 11 3 HHX, B 11 3­

nO.ll.K J1aLlbIB310 T narny ro npOK.:I8II.!<y.

CTI I OCT II CT, Co, Illc, nTC, p3COl aTpII Ba eM aH rpn ­
n o 11 3\I CIJellllbl.\1 T O'l K3M Bbl 'lCp'I IIDaIOT KOHT ypI,I cn uu xu , xa i: ry pa COOT·DeTcTBye T r nnono f 48 -1'0 pas xepa .
n OI, a 3 aH O na PIIC Y 1lJ<C. 1II pOCTa.
n O .ll O~ I(Q . LI e p T C, K n O.TJOIJK Il (puc. 6 6 ,6 ) 1i3;\l eH 5I10 T cor.iac uo 'Y DC.1 114eI Hl e xrepox C r II WI' na 2 ,5 C,M COOT­

.\I c p K a:-'1 II IIpllII5ITI,l M pac uerax r, Ka K ua epHr ypy CJ1 erK a CYT Y,l Y JO,
sercr uycr paaxr epy r op6a . YM c llbllleHll e M epKIl
C y nao uieu no rr r pyns io H a ucrynaioumu ,K H DOT OI\I. pocra S1Ii.'lSlCTC5I C J1ell.CTl3l1e ~J ron »ce an ox a nnn .
1·l c x O.1 51 11 3 yxasau noro, aax pofuunx CTpO Il T
II epT e il< - OCIIOB Y KOH CT p y KU I1I1, IlJIII lI Cn OJIb 3 y eT
l1>Hrypa C nucrynaiouieti rpynsio ne xana 48- 1'0 paaxrep a III pOCTa, BHOC5l H3M eIl C­
HII5l B COOTBe TCTB I l 1I C ne epo p M a U H e j'l epHrypbl.
H a puc, 67 n OK 3 3aHa dmryp a , KO TO pa 5I no xnrornxt OCIIOJHlbl;\l Crnuucy CTp0 5IT cor.TJa·CHO MepK3M 11 npllll 51 TblM
11 3M ep eH1I 5I~1 He 3 11 a'lIlT eJIbIl 0 OT.TIlI 'laeTCH OT TI In OBOi'l, HO 3 11 a I IIl ­ p aC I ICTa~1 .!l.,'l 51 epllrypbI nep eruoncrcn. PIl C. 67. cI>lIryp a
TC.TJ bHO , 8 1I110r ;1.a pe3KO OTJI II 'l a e TC5l n o 11 3~lep eHII51;\l WI' II nTII. B 1<OIlCTPY l<UIIIO OCIlO BbI nonoxxa (pII C. 68) C uuc r yna iouicn
rpyns io
3T O cjJIl r y pa C nenov epno au cryn aiouref H 6 ccepopMeHlloi'I rp ym.io. 1l1l0 CHT cneny iourae I13~l e l](:HIIH (na 4 Cp TC)I{ e OT ­
T a K a51 a 1l0 ~Ja J1 1I5I B epH311'l e CKOM p a 3 BI1THII ue.ronexa I3bl 3 bln 3 e T CH ' I C4 Cil O CnJIO lll II I,I.\11I m IHII5l.\·JJ1 ). Illup nny n O.TJ 0 4 K ll
.1CcjlO P .\1a U ll ei'I rp Y:LHoii KJIeTKH . ua ypouuc 113I1oo.'l b lllerO I3bICTyna rpy nn y Be Jl Il ­
Pa mepu Ii cjlOP.\lbI OTK.'l0Ile H1I5I 13 CTpOCl1IllI r p v .m o n I<:I CT K II 'I 11 13 310T na ne.u iuuuy OTK.10 IICIIIIH OT MCp KH WI' run ouoii dnrrypu :
6 bJDa lOT I'p yzuras xnerica MOIl, eT
p a 311006p a 3H bl e . 6bIT b CIW DJl ell ­ Il uuurexi npuu epe na 2 ,5 C,\!; H3 HH X 2/ 3 HJJ.eT na p a cump enu e n o­
1I0 i't B nepx uc- mox uext Hanp a 13JleHII II , cnmocnyr on 13 nepenne- san ­ .1 0 ' 11\ 11 11 0 .'l lll I IlH n o .1 Y3 3110C a, 1/ 3 pa cnp e n e Jl5Ie T CH n o .TJIIIlIlIl npoibiu.
HOI , H.\l eTI, 6 0 IJKo 0 6 pa 311 yl0 epOPM Y, ObITI, a CII M .\ICTPH'lIlOii . B CT p e­
lJaIDT C5I c!)} ]rY PI,I C JJ:Bo ii IlI,I M ro prioxr - no cnnne 11 flO r pynn r .i; = 1,7 CM,

II T . n . 06bJlJII O r a KHe epIlr YP bl r a K, Ke II CB uco xor o pOCT a, C y un u­ n.n; = 0,8 CJI.

pyxa an Ii 1I0r aMH.
lI ellHbl.\lH
Onpenea euue He TOJlI, KO p a asr c p a, HO II ep OP~lbl r py.ui HB.1 HeT C5I r
Jl urnno 7{' ti y .um IH 5IIOT B n pa13 0 na 1, 6 CAl. Konen or pea x a 060­
nenp exi enu u» YC.10B IIOI .ll..TJ H C03.u.a 1l1l5I K OHCTP YKUI1 II H 3;LC.'III SI H 3 311 a ll a lOT OyK BOi'J r;
Or T 0 1fKH r; onycxa ior BCPTl IK3 ,~I, IlY IO .TJI l ­
r axy io epllr yp y . Penoxi eunyer cn B T(lK I1X CJlY'la5lX CHID l a Tb .1onO.1­ 111110 .10 1l11 3 a. 3 a Te .\1 YBe.1 I1IIIIB 3 lOT y r OJI cyno'KI<H. r gf g = 0 ,5 OT­
xaou en us B xrepxe Wr = 1,25 C,\!.
92
9:3
 T OYK Y r; coezunnnor C r on xof r 7• Hs T O'IKIl r; K np H :VlOij
r.r, s n ep x IlO CCTaIl.lJH IOT n ep n e J-L1HKYJI 51p, a a K OTOp O,,1 o rxnau u ­
!l a IOT o T p e 3 0K r~A; , paauufi r~A 3 ' Or TOlf l\ll A; na paa .r ens uo
JIII HH H aja2 OT KJla llbIIl a IOT OTp e 3 0 K, p a BH bIH innpnne r Op,TJ OBHH bl no
n p IlHH T bI ;\I p aCII CT aM.

T4 T~ = 0, 5 r.r; = 0 ,9 01,

T~A~ = LlTll + 2,5 = 45,0 + 2,5 = 47, 5 CII! .

!L a JIbH e liWCC Il OCTp o eH II C n OJl Olf K H npo us­

B O)].HT n oxrepxa s: H nplIHH T bl M p acs craxr. KCl K
nox asa uo na xep r eace.
If 4'11_ ~ 11« "1 - 11 ~; I !LJI H p a ccpenoros eaas Be!ll (ll HHbl cyr to.x­
KII c o CTOp OH b l 6 0p T a no yr.lJy r 'g( 7{ IIS B BO,ll,HT
o Bb ITa lf KY no JIIlHllIi r Op JI OBIlH bI. H CCI<OJIb K O
0' Y B c JIIl tJHB a lo T p a c rao p nep enn en Bb I Talf K H , a
I 1I3.11lllJCK T K a HIl HII IK C y p OBHH r pynn aaria pa­
1\ lOT B BbIT aII KY , npoexrupy s nepezunoro B blT ,l'l ­
,I
Ky CKB 03 H Y IO )].0 HH 3 a , IIJlII OT PC3 11 0 l I 6 0 lJOK.
I'lpu HC06 X O,ll,II i\I OCTII TKaHb n o JIII IIlIH rp yru:
CYT IO)K HB <JlO T co CTOp OHbI JIHHI IIl npon -iu .
T3' LiTo6bl npu n ars rpyn n 6 0 .lJCC nop aan snyro
13 ClJOp My , HCII OJIb 3 YIO T npOKJl a )].I';I I. 6 0 p TOB Y/ O
.n p OI\.Tl a )].KY npu srenmor 6 0 .lJCC IK eC Tl\ Y10, np n ­
,1 aBa 51 ej:I C!JO PMY COOT BCT CTDY IO W,YIO !lC PXY
L, _-l-U­
/(.' I I" 1! 3,!lCJII I 5I.
2 ,If
/(, $H r y pa C HaKJIOHlIOH cnu noll
i
i B CCb i\I a 3aT p y,a,H II TCJI b HO IJ.,TI H s axp o iuunx a
11 3rOT OB.lJ5IT b 11 3,ll,CJIH H n a clHl r yp y , ll i\I CIOW, YI O
ih ;'
I 1I30fHy TyfO, lIaK JIOH HYIO Bne p e ,a, CTIlIH )' , -­

~-.=.581 ~5j CTa p tJe CK H CYTyJI Y IO IlJIII C ne rpopsiauucf 11 0 ­

3 Il OHOlf H lI KU B HI-m,II Cli lf a CTII rp ynno ro o rn e ­
.n a, B n 0 5lClIlPIII Oi\1 II {III Kp e CTU OBOM o rnenax

r I ( p II C. 69) .
I B IIa W e M npu a cp e B 3 HTa epll ry pa 50-ro

tlJ -.:;---­
-7 - 4:4- - - - =J
I
I
p a a xrep a
06XBClTOB , i\I CpKaM
ora nua erca
p OK ,U T C
KaJK II.aH n a
IV

H
3
p OCTa , KO T o paH lIO 1I:li\I CP CIIIl H i\1
Ill c Il W I' CY I.UCCTB CH IIO
o r T1lTIO Boli, ozm axo B CJl Hlf HH bI M e­
Bnx 3 H Cl lf HT e JIb H O
CJ I. (mili a , aauuu as
yncn n s e n u ,
a T n OHCHIi II­
lie

PHC.
LL69. Haxa ouuan
rpl1ryp a
n o r o Ii 3rHo a , p e 3K O lI aKJI OH eH a s n epen , IiM e e T
Pil e. 68. OC06e/l HOCTli KOllcTpyHpoBaHHlI nO.~ O'lKH nHJVKaKa aa rpHryp y C BbICTY_ 11 30fll yTy IO epOPll Y .
rraiouref rpynuo
94 95
 C IIH~l a T b ~l epI,H .un H Il x C t a x o n qlH r y p bI, paC ClJHTbIBa Tb 6a­ A2
I

,TI a HC f131l.e mI H, Bl'.111'11Ill y OTOC1l.eIl Il H rop.noanu u c n HHK H H nOJlO'IK H

06bl'llIbnl nyr e xi , CT pOHTb 'lepTC)J(JJ n o C1I 5I Tbl ~1 xiepxa xr H npII H H­
Tbnl pac uera n
o

l1PC3 Bhl'l aIiHO TP y1l.HO. B TaKIiX CJIy lJa HX o c 06 eHII0

I
fA
pexoxrennye r ca npH on pencnennn TC.TIOCJIO)J,ClIlI5I n pIDICH5I Tb M aI, e T I
1131l.CmHI Hml c nell lla,Tl b HO n 01l.rOT OBII Tb H3 xonemcopa li.1lH 6H3 11 no I
r unonu xt .l e K a Jl 8 ~1 cxrerxy H npn npn aepxe CC n a 3 aK a3 ' IH Ke n o i
I
Bbl HB .'I e Hll bn l CJ< .1 a1l.IWM - 3 a,1 0 Ma :-'l , BeJI H'llIliC OTCTaBaHli 51 sepx uen
I
H H ll iK HCH 4acTcli CnJlH KII OT qlHry p bI Ii npyr ua HenO,TJ a1l.K a M cy ­ I
ll HTb 06 OTKJIO HeHI151X qlH r yp bI. 5 a J1 a Hc H3,ilC JIH 5I p eK OMCIIll.y eTc5I I
o n p c XLe.TI 5ITb n o c.O OTllolll e IIHIo 1I1 CpOK 1l.JIII !lbI qHlr ypbl OT 7 - r o men­ I
noro n 0 3B OHIW Il JIH npoe xrup ye aoro nOJIO i K eH II5I nJIClJCBO r O msa
csann II cnepenn 1l.0 norra IIml 1l.0 CHlI.CHH5I cr yaa . Tl pn 3 TO",1 ca n­
~
..:- FF
J » }) , ¥ ~ l'lb~u U ,<
91'. Ii I ' I a...:::
r uxr er po ny ro JIe IlTY n a cn nne npoxnan uaa ior no lIa H60Jl eC BbI CTY­
naronum ro uxa ». a cnepen u na npa a y io, B uaurexi np uxrepe JJ.JIHH3
C33Jl.H OT lIpo el<Tllp y e",l o ro nOJI O)J(eHli51 rr neuenoro uma Jl.0 nona
npes snu acr M ep J\Y )LJIHHb I 1l.0 n O.TJa cne penu na 4,5 O f npn nopv e
0-;..- 1 C.H. McpK a .uT C II = 49 C.1t npu nopu e 46, T . c. np cssnua er n a
3 CM ; 0,5-;..- 1,0 O ! npu xoznrrca I1a l, pII BH3H y cmruu H ll )J(C JIHHlUI
r a nnn . M epJ <a 'B 3 n p II yo eJI H'I e Ha a a 1 C.II.
IJ \ I~ ~
1(0ppeKTHp OBallH c .TJ e K a JI crmnxa II nO .TJO 'lK H npO ll 3 B Oll. 51 T n o ro­
pH 30ll T a.TIH OT y l1a cn, a HaIl6 0 .1bW ci'1 lI.elpOp M allHH cnnau , B naurev
npu a epe OT YlJaCTK 8 H!!)J(e .TIIIIlIIII Ta.TJIIII cnnnxn H nO .l 0'l KII, a n o
aepr nxa.cn - OT OCCBOII .TIH HIlIl 00 1, pac nonocxeu uof noccpennne
JIHHII H npoiixus.
CnUH/W . J1 e J\aJI O cnn nxa COBM Cm aIO T C .'1 C K a.'IO ~1 orpesn or o
6 0tJKa II,TIIi n OJIO'I KIi H p a 3p C3 a IOT n o .TJ li Hli H r anun, 6 ell. ep flrpyn u ~ 1>>» ; )>, d t! t It ~ ~ H ~ li d
(pHC. 7 0 , a) ,
n OJ10 iK fl B JIeKaJI O ua M aTep Ha JI, ero no JIflH HH paap es oa c o
CTOpO Hb l .TIlIH IHI c pe)LH erO uma OTBOll.51T saepx : n o JIHHlifl TaJI HIi H<I
,1,5 C,lt , no 60K OBOMY cpeay II a 0,5 C,It, n o JIIIHIIfl rpY.LLH H a l ,0 CM; ---------
no JI HIl Ii Ii 6 ell.cp - c o CTOp Oll bJ JI HIIHIi cpenae ro cp eaa - a a 0,5 C.It
BII H3, Il Il Ta Ko M nO Jl o)J( eHHIl 0 6 M CJI5IIOT KOHTy p bI cnnmcn, KaK yxa­
a d
PIlC. 70. KOpp CKTIlp OUaElle .1eKa:1 na naxnouuyro q)llrypy
3UII 0 II a pH cyHKC. Mep KII .uTC II II BlII< n p OBe p 5l1OT , K a K n OK a 3aH O
na pncyn xe W TPIl XOBbIMH JIH IIII5I:>lH, a nT C - cri noiuao n. C nllHK Y
n o 60 KOIlO M y JlIB y 3 Ha'l lITeJI b ll0 p aCWH p 5lIOT. CII 5ITbD I xie pxa xr 1I..TIflH bl tPII r Y P bI cnepenn Ii C3 aJl.H, KaK noxa sau o
n OA OII K a . B .TI CK a .TI e n O: JO'I KIi (puc , 7 0 ,6) OT cepennnu .TJ HHll iI TPflX OB bD IH JI II II II 5IlIl lI n a P li C)'H KC. W II P JIl l Y Ii 311.eJI II 51 n pcneparor
n poii ':>1hI 1l.0 IIH 3a ,n p OBOll. 51 T 'nepr nxam.nyio JIll lI H lO 0 0\. n o JIil ­ xax 0 6 bI'I Ii O.
IHl 5Il\I rp yn u, T a Jlllfl Il 6 c lI.Cp OT JIliHllli 00 1 lI.eJIalOT Il CTOP OHY 6 0 KO­ H e TO'l lI OCT H B I<OHCTPYI\llIIlI n pO Be p5l 10T B npoueccc npnxrep xn
nero cpeaa H a tl PC3b! , a na np01l.0.TIn< e HIlII .3TliX .1H IIHii B cro pony 113!l.C.1 1l51 .
JIfl HHH nO JIY3alloca 3aK JIa)LblB a IOT CKJIa 1l.KH pa ave poxr, pa Bll bI M BC ­
JIH'I llll e pa 3BC 1l.eHII5I pa sp e a o a n o ~TJH IIHll cpe.anero ur s a cn anxn . n o ­ C06EHHOCTH KOHCTPYHPOBAHH5I 6PlOK HA <J>HrYPbl
JIO)!, UB JIeKaJI O na TK aHb, 0 6MCJI5IIOT KOHTy p bI n OJIOlJKll . Flpn 9 TO:>1 C OTKJIOHEHH5IMH
cn en a r , 'IT 0 6bl pa CTBOpbl ua np e son B CTOPOl~ y ooxonoro cp e aa CO­
OTBCTCT BOBa JIII BCJI!I'IHII C p a craop on B ,6 0 K OBbI X cpe a ax JIe K a JIa CliIDl a 5I xrep xn C 3 a Ka3 1IIIK a Ll.TJ51 KOHCTpy lIpo B a HII H 6 prOK, aa ­
ClIIilIKII . JIliHHIO I10.TJ )' 3all o ca OT JIII HHH r p yn n KHll 3Y Bbltleptl llBalOT !' POfIUl II K , K aK H n pn KOIIC TpYIIp OBalllIfl n .TI C'I e BbI X 11 31l.C.TIili'I, rTJ. O.TJ ­
no BCp Tli K a.TI b HOil JIHllflH . .llJIHH y n O.TI O'l KIi II cn UH KH nposepsror n o f1<e H Y1IIlT bI Ba Tb oca nxy II np onop unn tPfl r Y PbI.

7- 895 97
96
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
 .1 I111 a u cr ynae r, KHl13Y BT51Hy T . Y r per s ef epll r y p bl ( p II C. 71 ,8)
,U Jl 5I n pH M e pa pac c xo rpu n OCOOe HIIOCTII xoucr pynpoaa una T 3 3 cn pa xinen, B bl e :>I K 3 T3 ,TJJH! Bbl p 3 }1,e H 3 C.TJ300, nron uuu yrinotue­
6PIO K na T Hn o By IO rpu ryp y C uan oo.ree p acnp OCT p 3 l1eHH !.>D l1I OT I\ .10 ­ H!.>I , }!W BOT 33 ;'l CT HO nuc ry nae r .
He HH5H1I H B TeJIOCJl OII, e HlIll 50-r o p 3 3 :'Ie p3, IV p OCT3 cpen ncii no.t­ 5plOKII, cxpoenu ue no lJe p Te )K3 :'I 11 .1 11 .TJ e K 3 ,TJ 3 "1 !lJl51 TliTI OBOH
1I0Tbl co C.TJe.uYIOllU D I lI 11 3:'l ep cHlI 51:'11I, e ll : cpllr yp!.>l , H 3 rpnryp a x , n OK 3 3 31111 bl X H 3 7 1,6, 8, 6 y ,D, y T ClI,D,eTb
p HC.
Cr = 50 ,0; CT = 42, 0 ; Co = 5 1,5; Jll\ = 60 ,0; ll e CK.TJ 3 n Il O H HeY,D,OOHbl 13 HOCKe. H a rpurype p IIC . 7 1, 6 C3a,D,1I y
.1 11H lI II T3.TJII II OHIi 6Y..'l.)' T yxo pouenu , H e y ,D, 06I1 bl, n OCOOCH HOCTH
Jl6 = 103 ,0; Bc = 25 ,0.
npn H 3KJl OHe T YJl OBllw. 3 nnepen H 13 Cll ,D, 51 II e M noa oa.ennu. Cnepezm
Ilpn riasxn na cB060,UHoe orineranne, CAl : y 63H T3 o 6 p3 3yeTc 51 1I3J1Hlll e K TK3 H II. Ha cp" r yp e puc. 71, 8, n a ­
0 6 0 p OT, 0 6 p 33 y eT c 51 11 3 JIlIlil eK T K 3HH 13 06 Jl3CTII ClI ,D,e H 1I5L It s-non
Ilr = 0; n 6 = 2.
aro.mu 13 H3n p 3 B.TJ eHHll T3.TJ IIII nepena 06 p3 3y IOTC51 xocue 3 a Jl OM bI.
D..'15J npa anm .noii nOC3 ,UI\II 6 p lOK npn .ter-ato utcf II no.tynpnn e­ K 3 K B neps on, T3 K II 13 0 BT Op OM npux epax uap yuien 6 3Jl 3 HC
r- aiouieii epOPM npn KO HCTP Y llPOB3HIl 1l HCOOXO.JlI:'IO Yl lI l T!.>I B3 Tb He H3.'le JlIl51 - COOTIlO llleHH e !I..TJJm Ii aa npann enue Jl IIH Ii Ii c pennero
T OJIb KO pa s x ep u , HO II epOP~I!.> 1 51rOll. HU, o e;xe p , }KHBO T3 , 3 T 3 10I, e UJB 3 H 6 3 11T 3 . D.JI51 ar o poii epllr YP bl .TJ IiH H51 cpenuero uma Y Kop 04e ­
n p o n o p U H H epHr ypw . H3 H HeJj,ocT3TOIlllO cxoureua, 3 63H T ynJlIlllCII II C.TJIIlUKO M cnp s xr ­
ne u, !l.'I5'1 rpers ef - Il 3 00 0p OT.
4llifYPbl C PA 3JIli llHbiM nOJIO)l(EHIiEM TA3A
H3Mell ellliSJ B septexcax KOHCTPYKIUlli OCIIOBbl 6plOK ua If!Hrypbl
H 3 p uc . 71 nO K3 3 3HO pa a nnunoe n onoac e u n e T3 3 3, K OTOp OC ne
C Ta30M, 113J1HUllle naxnoucunsm anepen
B .'I e lJeT 3 3 c o c o n H3;\I CHe lIH C B xiepxax C T H C6.
Y n e pu on cpll r yp bl (pu c . 71 , a) n OJIOII{ eHlI e T3 33 no pxiansu oe c­
B COOTBe TCTBU II C no.toacenuev T3 3 0 Bo r o n051 C3 ;'IeH51 10T COOT­
OH H e CKO.'Ib KO ll a KJIOHeJI nn cp e n . Bu exnca T3 .1IHI n pu ar oxi p 3 BH 3 no ur eune n.TJ lIl l II na n p ann e nne .TJ IHl IIll 63 11 T3 Jj cpe nnero uma OT
s u cryn y 5J ro..'l.IIH, II \11BOT n.l o c KH il 11.'111 cnerxa B!.>lfl yl\.'I!.>lii. .TJIlHIIIl Il 3~l e p CHIl51 0 6XB 3T3 51 rOJl,]H\ E IE s (UIT pIl XOB !.>I e Jl Il II II M ­
Y BT Op O!"1 cp ll r y p !.>! ( puc . 7I , 6) T3 3 II 3.1 II III He H 3 K.TlO ll e H n n ep en . pIIC . 72) . B ..'l.3 IlIlO~ 1 npu sicpe 6 aIl T yxopa-nruaicr H3 I CM Ii OT
B !.>Ie ;\lJ<3 T 3.1H1Il 1I B!.>ICT y n nronn u )'Be.TJIl'l e H !.>I, }I\Il BOT n o .111 11 1111 T8 ­ 1l0 .1Y 1leIlIl 0i't TOII KII nn p a no n o ro p I130 Il T3 .1b Il oi'1 ,TI Il H II II OTKJl3!lbI­
B3 10T 0,7 5 C,II. n O,1 YlJCH ll YIO TO'l I, y 06 0 3 IIa'l 3IO T 6 y Kn o i'l T~
(pnc . 72. a) . yl3:'I eJl5110 T n ono xc enne 6 3 Jl 3 1lCOn o ii Jl lIll ll lI [) IE 2 . 1 04­
1\)' E2 O l ew.3 10T B II 1I3 n o .TJ Il ll II H T3E 2 H3 1 CAt II n O,TJ y '1CH ll yIO TO'l I\ Y
E; c o en n n mor np 51M o fl C TO' I KOII 5[ ( e CJlH JlIlIl Ii51 6 3H T3 5 2T 3 np o ­
BC;1.eH3 neprn x an suo , TO 11013 )'10 Jl II IlH IO 6 aHT3 E 2 T~ n p OBO,D, 51T non

TI p 51 :'l!.>D J 1'r.'I0.\1 K : IIl Il Il Il E\ E; ).

J I Hl l HlO cpe.nr er o IU B a B :J3n H e il n onon n u e xiptcx YJJ.JI Hll 51 lOT ,
YIle .11fl JlIB3 H OTpe3Q], l) 5T6 n a 1-1 ,5 C,It , II n ep um n y ero OT BO!l 51 T
n .rea o no r o p u so n r a .n. no ii .TJIIH II!! 113 I [,11 . Il onyueunyio TO'! Ky
0 0 0 3U3'\3 IOT 6 Y K BOi'1 T~ II COeJ.IIH5110T C TO lJIWii T7 , np 0 .'l.o J]}K 3 51 e e
n .reno 11 3 I C,It . n O.1 y 'I e u H y lo T04 KY T; COe!l,II U 51 IOT C TOlJK Oi'l 5 3.
l -I3 ;'l c u 51 10T no.no acen n e 63.1 3H COBOi't Jl II U Il H E 3E s, r ouxy Es o l e­
w. 3JOT nnepx n o .71HH IiIl T 65 5 H 3 1-1 ,5 C,II . n o .1J YlJeJlIl Y IO TO'lK y E~
COC!lIl HHlO T C TOII KOi'1 E ~ .
,U .'151 Iwpp e K Tli p OB all lHI nCK3 .1 nepezmef n OJlOB IIHK Ii 6 p IOK
( puc. 73, a) n o .TJ Ii UII Il 5 152 Y T O'l KH E 2 3 3 I( Jl 3!l !.>lB3 10 T Kll H3Y CK.TJ3!l­
KV 13 I C,II , CBO.J51 ee ua H eT y T O'lK I1 E I . n OJl O}l\Il B Jle K3.TJO n a M a··
TCp Il3.1, 0 6 :'IC.1 51IO T KO Il TY p !.>1 n O.1 0 13I1 H KI1.
a (j fJ J1eK3 .10 33J,H e iI n O.1 0 BII II KII 6p IOK ( p II C. 73, 6) no JIII Il Il Ii E 3E u
P li e . 7 1. P a3 m l Qll Oe n OJlOlK e Il Il C r a sa: p asp eaa ror li , n O.TJ OII<I1B ero H 3 xi ar e pu a.r, n epx mo io Jl I1HII IO pa a p e­
a - Ito pM a .1 b Ho e ; U =- H 3 KJ1 0 H e uu o e ertep e.a; 6 - cnrfl Mil Clli lOC

7*
99
98
 ---- r. T;
I rI T;
I
I
7:/ 1/ I 111
~ T'I W
II ,

.i..

a {j
PI I C. 73. Koppexrup ouaune MKa Jl (cn noumuo JlI111I1I1) na qmryp y c T D30M ,
HDK .~ OllellHbI M an ep cn :
a - n ep C,AIIHH n O.' ODHH Ka ; 6- 3 a J1.It HH n on ODIIlIK3
a
o 3 3 OTllO,ll.5IT DDepX aa 1- 1,5 O/ H 0 6 Me.rJ5I!OT xon rypu 1l0JlODIIll KI1,
PIIC. 72. ~13 ", cl i ClIl1 e (IllTp IIX OUbI C .111 11 11 11 ) B u ep r e ac a x OCllOD bI 6pIOK n a K aK IlOKa 3aHO na ,p Ii CYIl Ke cn .'lOill HbI MH JIHHHHl\I H.
<jJH rypy C Ta 3 0~I, llaK:I Oll ClIllbI.\1 suepen:
a - n ep CJlIlH5I 1I0 JlOoltllY. 3 ; (j - ;,i3 j.(IIHR 1I0 : lO BJJflKa
I13MeHcHIHI B '1CpTCJKaX KOJlC'rPYKl~HH OCIIOBhl
6PIOK ua lfJHrypy CO CnpSlMJl CHHblM Ta30M

B COOTBeTC TDHH C 1l0.10)K eJlHeM Ta30 BOrO n OHCa ~ICHHIO T COOT­

HOW CHH C ,UJIHH 'H uanp aaaeuue JIHHIIH6a llTa II CpC.J,HCrO uma OT
JIHHlHI H3 MC pCHHH 06X BaT a 51 r O.!l. HU £1£ 5 (PI1C . 74). Ba nr y.nJI II ­
100
10 \
 Jl unmo c p enuero W Ba B 3 3.'l.He ii nOJlO BHH Ke 6pI0 !' 5 5T6 yxo p a­
1I II Ba lO T n a 1-1 ,5 C.lI H BCPW IIHY ero OTB O,U51 T BnpaBo (r a xx«; K aK
T'3
T7~W - - ==1 B n ep e,ll.Hcii nOJIOB JlHKe 6pIOK) na 1 c,u. nOJl YlJ elIH Y lo TO lJKY 0 60­
'~~ T.J II' 3 1la tI a l OT 0 Y KB Oi'! T 1 . H 3,[C H5110T nonOiKeHIIe a a .TJa Hc oB OIl .TJJlH Il Il
~
-

\~ 6
5 5 . T OIjK Y 5 5 0l e lU3IoT BH Il 3 n o Jl ll HHIl T 65 5 H 3 1- 1,5 L it. no­
3 5
.1yt l a lOT TO'!Ky 5~
II COeJl,IlHH IOT e e npH ;'10ii .TJ ll HIl e l l C T OlJK Oi'1 5 3.

-=====, ­ - C OOTBCTCTBCH Il O , le HHIOT TO'!K y T7 , K a K n OK 3 3 3H O H 3 tI ep Te i K e .

B, I- - -~--t=-- - =t 76

?.~~-- lT;
, r'
T" T
T. \11
-- 7 'i 1 \
I
I
I
I v
I
\1
bj

b',
'\ ~

a tf
PIIC. 74. 11 3M ellclille [J 4CpTCn{aX OCIlOll bl GplO K ua epllrypy co cnp ~ :,I,l el ill bl ~ 1
Ta30)1 :
Q - n cp Cilllllll n o .100 1IllKa ; (j - JD .ll11111 n o .1 0 0 1l1:Ka

HHIOT, B .iI. aH HO:-1 npuxrepe na 1 C,l / , H OT nO .1 YlleHHo ~1 TO'I KH B.leBO

11 0r opas onra n s a on Jl Il II Il Il OTKJl a .iI.bIBaIOT 0,75 LlI, nO.1)" [a IOT IIO­
eyio aep ur uu y oan r a TOIlK Y T;. I-!3:-1E'HHIOT n OJIO:-KeIlIl e aa Jl a H CO'
a Ii
Ba ll JlHHHH 5 152. TOIIKY 5 2 C ~l e I..U a lO T Ha 1 01 as e px no Jl HH Il H P ile. 75. !\ opp eKTllpoBallllc I1CKa.l GplO K ua rpnrypy co Cnpfl)I.ICllllb'\1 ra3 0M:
S2TS' nOJl YljaIOT TO'! KY E ;. 3aTe :-l npH MoH JlHH Hel! ee COe ,UIIH }]JOT a_ nC'p r..i1.11 HH nO.'10 lH I HKa: (j - 3 3 .lJ, Il HH nO.!,,( ODlIHI\~

C TOIJKOIt SI (e CJlH Jl HH IH I 6 aHT 3 S2TS n p o n e n e x a a eprn xaasu o , T O

1-~ .1 51
HOBylO JlHHHIO ,6 a lI T a s;r; Hp OBO,UHT rro zr n pHMbDI yrnoxr K JlIl­
( pu c . 75, a)
KOp peKT l [ pOB a Il Ii H
JlCK 3 .'10 n o JlIlHIlH
nexan
5,5 2
n ep cnn en
p a s peaa io r
n OJl OBIlII KII
Ii, n OJl 0 il , IIB nexa no
ap lOK

HHH S ;S d . T OII KY T; COe,ll.!l HH IOT C TO'IKO II T 4 • T OlJK Y T 4 OTB Oil, 51T a M3 Te pn an , iBepxHlO1O ..l HH IIJO p 3 3p C33 OTBO.lHT nnepx , B H3 1l1e, 1
BJleBO no ropuaonr ant.nojr Jl HHHH n a 0,75 C,H. Flo.nyu eunyro TOlJKY
n puxrepe H3 1 C.ll , II OO,l e!lHIO T l\OlITY Pbl 'n o n OBII H!' !1.
0 6 03 H3 1j3 10T 0 Y K BOii T; H coenn nmor ce C TOII KOi I 5 1. 103
102
 B .nexano 3a,J,Heii rrO.TJOBaI-IKH6pIDK (puc. 75,6) rro .'I HHUH E 3E
s Bucryn HrO,lI.HU ,u.TJH YTOIIHeHUH cxoca cpe,J,Hefl .TI HHHH 6pJDK
COCTOpOHbl TOllIUI E s 3aKJI a,lI.bmaJDTCKJla,lI.K Y I - 1,5 C ~lt, CBO,J.H ee
MO}KHO onpene.nun, KaK 'n p n rrOMOI.l(H KOM6HIIHpOBaHHofi JIHHeii KJI
ua HeT y TO'lJU! E 3 . 3aT eM, 'rrO.'IOIKHB nex a.ao aa MaT epHa .TJ , 06'le­
JIHIDT xourypu rrO,1IOBHHKH. H.TJH CaHTJlMeTpOBOH nearon C rpysoxr, TaK II npn rrOMOI.l(H rrayx
,uepeBHHHbIX JIHHeeK (ptrc . 76). O,J,HY .'Ill'HeEKy 'rrp II CTa BM I JD T B sep­
TUKa.TJbHOM rrOJIO}K eHHH K HaH6 0JIee BblcTyrralDI.l(HM TOlJKaM s ro­
,UUU. DPH rrOMOI.l(H npyron ,1jjiHeiiKH, nocTaB.TJ eHHOH ropu aoar a.n.no
aa Ta.TJUH, onpe,lI.eJIHJDT paccrosnne ,UO HaH60JIee r.TI y60Koi'I TOlJKH
rrOHCHHlJHOrO a srnria. 3TO 113MepeHH e BbleMKH rannn B o rnnnn e OT
7" d ~ 0'6
H3:11epeHIIH OT aucryna oumx TOlJeK crrHHKU npnnaro oriosna­
? II "...9tt==::: 1ft j i i i I '1aTb BT II.
I HMeH narmue sroro H3MepeJlHH, H3 T04KII E s (pHC . 77) K nps­
I
I MoE E 3E s asepx iBOCCTaBJIHIDT nepnennaxynsp. TOlJKY nepeceueuna
I eroc nponozoxeau ea rrpHMOH T6T7 0603Ha4alOT '6 y l\ BOll Ts.
14
1
T 5T a (SeJIHlJIIHa cxoca) = BTl1- Y p - B + 0,5 Do - 0,5 DT,
I ra e Yp - BeJJlIlJlIlI a OTK JlOUenH5I JIlIllI1I1 c p ezm e r o WDa DllCPXY nocne OTT5IIKKIl s an ­
I Hel"! nOJl OBllHKH 6p lOK (H 3MelI e HHe nOJlO )KeHH5I aepxn ef lJa CTI1 3 a,n:HeH
nO.10111IlIKI1 6plOK nocne BJl a)KIiO -TCnJlODOH 06pa6cTKII noxasano na

f
pu c. 78 IlITpllXODblMH mlllH5IMu);
'>1 B - pacrnop 3a.!l llc i"1 nsrra-ucu.
npaKTH4eCKH nee 3TO y.iecri, ,UOBO.TJbHO c.rIO}KlI O.
II COOTHoweHHe ,UJ1HllbI 3a,UHeii H nepenaen DonOBuHoK, rrO .TJ O}Ke­
HHe sepmnn nllHHH cpensrer o WBa II 6aHTa rro ropH30HTa.TIH MOil(HO
f onpezteznrn, JI.orrOJII-IIITe.TJbHbIMH W'PK3~IH )]..TJ HHbI 6pIDK cnep enn

!
I
I
norr H caann n03 .
.I\1ep Kll Jl6rr II n63 CHII.\laIOT OT npo es rupyexoii JIHHIIH npnr a­
4HBallHH noaca 'n o rrOBepXI-IOCTH }KIIBOTa II HrO,UHU no HaHOO.'Iee
I aucrynaroumx TOlJ CK H nanee u a npaxr yio AO nona Ir.rIH npoexrnpy e­
Moil ,UnIlHbI 6pIOK (puc. 78). K MepKe n03 rro JlIIHHH cp en n ero

J uraa cnenyer naaars npnn ycx B n penenax C6 : 20 ua CI3060A y

Jl.BHll\eHHH.

PH C. 76. I13Mepelme lI>HfYPA C PA3HbiM nOJIO)KEHHEM HOf H PA3HblMH PA3MEPMI'\H

PIl C. 77. O JlP C.lI.CJlClllle yraa cxoc a cpezurero
Aw cT yn a HfOAHQ npH
WD a I! Ij 3~ICJl e lll!e n O.10)K CUHH aepxne f lJa CTI1
1l0MOll(1I K O ~ i61IJJlj PO-
3H A IJeil n OJlOBlI ll KlI 6p l OK nocne lw aiK lIO-Tenn o-
Da u n o ij m lll c:iiKH
B OH 0 6pa60TKlI
DO JlO)KeHHe JIHHHH cpcnnero WBa B 6pIOKa x , ee ,u.TIHBa H sean­
'1Hlia CKoc a HMeJDT ~O JlbWOe 3Ha'l eUHe ,unH npaBHJI bHOfi rroca,uKH
OpIOK, HX 6a naJ-lca. 06bJllllO 'Op IDKH, cxpoeu nue C 6 0.TJe e y x o p oue u ­
HOH H MeHee cxoureuuon .TJIUIll eH cpeztuero WBa , 06 .TJ eraIOT epnryp y
•ny-nue, 3aTO OHH MeBee y,u06Hbl B HOCKe. DO.TJO )KeHHe .TJllHHH cpezr­
Hero WBa aa lJepTe )Ke BO MHoro" 3a BHCHT OT npoexrap veaoa
Bn a}KUO-Terr,1IOBOH 06paOOT KH (B e.!IIl'lHllbl OTTihKKH 3a,lI.HeH noau­
BHHKH 6PIDK), p acreop a asrrasxn na 3a,lI.H eH nO.TJOBUHKe, npnnyc xa
na cB060,uH oe 06JIer aHHe , 'HO r.'IaBHbl~1 06pa30M, OT BenHlJHHbl Bbl ..
cr yna sronau - ocall KH epHrypbI.
104
)KHBOTA H 51fOJl.HU
n .'IH C03,uaHH51 npaaunsuon KOlIcrpyKUHH 6pIOK, B OCOOeHI-l OCTll
npn.ner arouief epOpMbl, aa HIIJl.IlBIUJ.yanbHYID epHrypy I3a}KHO y llHTbl­
aa rs He TO.'IbKO H3MepeHHH CT n C6, HO II neorix onnuo onpenemr n.
B OTJl.e.TJbHOCTH paaxepi.r i1\HI30Ta, HrOJl.IiU Il 6e,J,ep. Paaxepu II
cj:JOP1l1bI }KHBOTa Il HrO,lI.HU MoryT 3H3 lI HTen bHO H3MeH HTbCH u e
TO.TJbIW OT rrOJ1HOTbJ, HO II OT ocanxn 'cjm r y p bl , nono:rl(eHIlH re .ta,
rrOCTaI-lOBKH '1I0 r , HX HaKJIOlla B -ncpenne-aarmext uanpaan eunnx .
Ha pHC. 79 a, 6, 6 n oxa aanu TpH epllrypbI, onnnaxosu e no l\ICP­
KaM CT II C6, HO pa suue rro rrO.TJO }KCHIIID nor H ra sosoro noaca .
Y nepnoa epllrypbl HOrIl rrp51:llble,rrpOfl,O.TIbHaH OCb Tena OT r a­
JIHH ,lI.0 lIH3a np oneraer OTHOClITe.TJ bHO BepTJIKa .TJb'IIO. DOnO }]{ eHHH
Il ep OP:llbl }KHBOTa H HrOJl.HU aop aa.n.nue, lIX paaxepu ycnOI3H O
nponopunouaasnu . Y BTOpOrI epurypbl 'Ho r H H raaorienpean aa 06­
105
 Eir==t===4 ~ ~
.ra c r t, HaK.10HeHbl nne pen , 0 lfe M C'BHnCTem,cTB ye T no.t oac enue o ce ­
BOrl .1111 I Hll ; }J{ HBOT BbIC TY I1a ' ~ T . YBe.TlHlle H B ,p a 3 :'l e p a x , a 5IrOnHLI,bl
yn.routeuu , y xren sui en u B pasxrepa x. Y r per i.e f cjll1 r y p bl , H a 0 6 0p o T,
noru H r aaotienp enu aa OO,l a CTb OT!{ ,TJOHeHbl a aa a n , BB IElY l lero ar o ­
~ ~ .J, HLI,bl II 3.1II WH e Bb IC Tv na IOT, a }KHB OT v n .lJO IHCI I.
::: ::( 5p 1OKIl, cxpoenuu e n o l le p Te}J{aM H,i H ,lJe K a ,TJa M 6 p lOK jl)lH HIn0 130!'
u
(Im ry p bI, aa BTOp Oi'1 cjlIl r y pe (C M . puc. 79, 6) 6yJl,yT cne p e zm yxopoue­
o "'"
'" C
::':f ....
Ebl , 13 uxp ax C.!JHlll KOilI npn.nerar t. , BHH3Y OT.1e TaTb , a 13 OO.1Ja CHI CHJI,e­
:::
= =::~
:::l

~
~

HIlH CBHca Tb , o tip a a yn s an oxru . H a rp er s eii rpnrype Op lOKH oyny T

o
~=
OJ
~ ~~ c s a n a yxoponenu, r ecu u, BII H3 Y OT.1J CTaTb n a s a n , a c ue p enn e n a­

~ ~ !~
:; J,3 Tb , 0 0 pa 3YH 3a'!]O~I LI.
0.
Kax }l M I n ropon , T al, II JI,.1ll -r pe n. ef cjl l1 r y p bl 6 PIOKll n en p a­

~ iii
:.J

'8
'" '"Q
M
0.
BH,TlbH O c6 a .1a IIC HpOBa Hbl H r p efi y to r II 3 ~I eH e HII 5I COOTIIo weH HH W H­
::::f\O pHH n ep enn en II s anne n rr OjIO BHHOK , H 3 ~ I CH eHHH COOTlIO We HHH nm·m
- <0
-
-
:<:
0 "-' ­ 6a m a H ,TJfU H!H c p enn e r o W B a. Ilpn xon crp yu p onannn 6plOI( na 1I0P­
- =
~:;: o~ ~ ~~:: ill3llbIlY IO cjl l1r y p y n p IHlH TO Me p K Il CT II C 6 p a cn pen enn n, MefK JIY
r::{5 t=: t a'
o :s 0 lf a CT51M ll Op IO K n o p a cu cry:
::: 3 ~ c:l;;
~t:: ~ n ep en II 51 51 CT 2 C6
ot1> u .... -~ - H -2 ,
~ ~=
~ (!) ~ I ~ 2 2
~ ~o
c.J == ;0

=
... C. u
3a ;'l.H51 H c o or sercr ne u no

[ -==:t=d
0> 0; I
u r-,

u
0 "
::
.0 ..0- + ')
_ H C6 r-
I _
') •

00
~:5: "" 2 2
(­
2.
:.J g IlpII 3T0 ~1 un c r.i a ille H51 IOT n o ao xc eun e 00 K0130rO II ur ar o noro
W BOB.
1 " Jl.iJ }1(p Hry p bl C OT KJ1 0 1IeHII HM H 13 n O,TlO lI {e II II H T a 3 0 13oro no s ca
II 1I0 r 'n o ocanxe II n o .m o r e COOTHOlile HI le :\l e}IUY WHpl1H oft nc pen ­
II CrI II 3a.J,Hei'1 n O.!JO B ll flK::D I H COOTBeT CTBeH lIO ille HH IOT. B n e o ri xo­
;'I. H~lblX C.1Vlfa 51X COOTHOlile HHe ~ le }J( .J,y p aaxrep a an epll ryp bl 13 T a .!JIIl!
II o e.lp a x c ne pcn u II c aann H3:\l epH KlT OT onnorr 60KOBOii TOlJKH n o
n p OTH13ono.'lO;' I<HOI"t, OTMClfaH c o o TBe TCT13C HHO C Tn H C 03
~ ( C:\I. p u c, 79, 6 6) , r ne Crrt - nO .!J y0 6 x B 3T TamUI c ne pezm , C63 - n o­
.'ly0 6XB3T ml llllll 6 eILep C3aJl,!I .
Kopp exr upoaa nne 6a 3013blx n e x a .n n a (!) Hry py C nu cr yrr a tonur»
;';( 11 BOTO:\I II n .'IOCl<IDl ll HrOnHua~II1 npO H3B O}lHT cnenyrouum 00 ­
pa 3 0YI.
Il epednstst nono eunka 6pIOK. Jl ex ano n epezm e f n O.JI OBH lIK H
Gp lD K ( 01. pH C. 80, a) pa ape s aior n o .!J !IH ll H crnca OT l 11W1I1I r a ­
.1 11 ll ;'1.0 y p OBH5I lIH}J{ e x o .n e u H, nO.1JO}K H13 e r o u a xiare pnaa , p a 30 0­
~1 H T 13 erie CTOr OIl LI p aauo xep no H3 neocxonnv yro BeJl H1J11 HY 11 0 6 ­
:\I C,15110r xoury pu 0P IOIC Bepumu y 'o a HTa O I CU~310 T n nepx cor,:13 C1I0
~ n p IlIlHTO:\I )' p ac uer y !I .-III xr ep x e LI, 6n.
3 aO/-lflfl no.i oeunsa UP/OK. B n exan o s an n e n n O.!J OBHII KlI 6PIOI{
(01. p HC. 80, 6) n o .1 I1HHH crnri a 3a K.TJa.lb1Ba10 T CI{ Jl a ;.l, K Y OT .!J HHlHI
Ta.!JHH p a s no vepno n o .1 H HII H cr nji a II ua CTO.1bKO , n a CKO.1Jb KO pa c­
Il1H PH !IH ne pemuo io n o .10 BHH KY . IlO .!J O/KIl 13 .TJ CI<a.'l O n a M ar Cp H a.TJ,
106
107
 ~ T .' 1'q
II ,
t: '6I np.... ," ~,'f~~~::::~r
'TO - HC~

,,
7; 1
1# 73 1
I
I T'I Tj I
I
, I
I I
I
I
I
I
I ! I Hf ~I I,
B,'
I ll, 0 \ l- E,
I
I \
I
I
'\
~ ,...... .93
I
I ~ sri \
I
SlJ
I
I \
I \ I
I \
\ I \
I
I \ I
I I
I \
I \
\

I( Hf /( /( I
/(1 I
1(3 \ I /1(1,1
1(3} I

(1 rJ
/1 PII C. 81. !\Op P CKTIlp OlJaJI JIc n CKaJ1 6 P IOK na cj:>llryp y C nu cry naiounrstn l1r o.n:lln a~!11
II I1JIOCKU)! IK111l0 TOl\1
Puc, 80. Koppcxr apouau ne .~ C K a J1 6P IOI( na cj:>lIry p y C Il bICTyn a IOJIlI\ ) ! IK II Il O TO ~1 II
JI,10 CI0l)1I\ nronuua xn
cx.razncy na I3 e.lJIl'lHHY lIe OO XO llHl\lOrO CYiKeIllHI , CBO,u51 CKJ1a,uKy ua
00 Me.t151l0T xourypu nO.l0BIlH KII. Bepunnry cpe.nie ro WBa cxieuiaior ner HH)I<e y pOBH51 KOJIeH. n OJlOiKHB JIeKaJIO n a xra r epn an, oti xe ­
BHJI3 no n pIlH 5J TO:\I Y pacue r y lI.fIll no xiepxe jJ.03. mlIOT xonry pu nOJIOI3UH KII. Bepumny ·6aHTa cxicuiaior 'BIIU3 COOT­
3a.umolO nO.TJ OI3HHI<Y 6pIOK na ynac r xe uxp n a TaKHe cPII r yphl PC­ sercrn enno n pUH 51 TO:'IY pacnery 1l.'1lI IIO MCpKe n6 n.
KOMClI.uyeTcH paciunpnri, II non ueprnyn, I3.TIa,KIIO-TenJIOBoi'I 06p aOOT­ 3 a0 I1 .'lR 1l0AOBtl l11W 6 p IOK. J1 eKaJIO aan neir I1 0.lJ0I3I111 KII
xe, KaK nOKa3311 0 1Ia pncynxe. ( CM. pHC. 81,6) pa sp esa tor n o JIHHlHI crnria OT .lJHlHIll r arnn : no
Koppexr npouanne Oa30I3hIX .TJ eKaJI 6PIOK na qmr yp y C BbICT ynaIO­ YPOI3H H HH iKe KOJIeH a, non oacas JleKa.10 ua MaTepHaJI, pa3I3o,u51T
WIl l\1Il a ronn ua xm II nJlOCKHl\1 :lI<II 130TOM n pOH 3Bo,u5JT CJle,uYIOw.Ill\1 00 ­ pan n oxepn o n o JllHIIIII paspesa n a ueodxonuv yro nen n-nn ty II 00 ­
pas o» . MeJI5lI0T xoury p u TIOJI OB HH KH. Bepunury c pen ner o um a cne uratcr
Il epeonnsi nOAOBUNKa 6pIOK. B n ex ane nepe nu eu nO.lJOB Il HKH 6p IOl< sa epx COrJIaCHO np HH51TOl\l ypaClJeTY HJIII n o xr epxe ,U63.
( 0 1. pu c. 81, a) 11 0 JIlIHIIU crnria n a .1IUlHlI r a.um 3aK,r13.'lbIBaIOT
109
108
<HlrYPA C Bb lCTYHAtOll.I.liMIi 51rO.QI1UAI'tUI Ii nJlOCKliMIi 6E.QPAI'tH1
TIj
Ha p IIC. 82, a, 6 noxaaan a rpnrypa B nporpum, II epa c. n o ~ ICP'
Ka~ 1 C T 1I C6 OHa COOTBCTcToyeT r unonoii , 1I0 OT.l11 tlHa OT nee no
1;/ r - 'fll
i -t " 'f.

cnoexry Te.TIOC.10)KCH II 10 - y n ee yec.m ueuu s u crynu 5l rO] IIU,

lJr l!
I \P [j f~
I I
I o. !
'I ~
I
'\ 5~i
...---1 \
I
I
' --7 j!~
I I.
I
\ t",
\
I'
\' I
I.
,;
;1
'~
le, /(
- j-I--~I
I(J 1(./
L
1- -

.,
{j
..L\
{}
P ile, 82. ¢Ilrypa C nuc rynaioumau nr oauuavu
II Il JlOCKIlMII 6e.n.paMH

a oenp a yn.n ouienu . G p lOKH, cxpoe na ue ·n o lIe pTe)K3 i11 ll JIII .fleKaJIa M
D..fl5l r u nonof (1)JIrypbl , n a r axo f ¢Hryp e 6 YD. yT cnners ll ec K.rJ a.ull o - ·
B o tin a cru 6e,'l.ep o o p aayercs cna on ua , «rarnupe» , a H3-n o,U wa r a
nOT51H YTOI Ha lJp 5l )KCH II bIC cTpe.TJKH, C3aD. II no TCl m l H 6 PIOKil 6y.rtYT
yxopoueuu , a B HIl3Kax oraerar s . GpIOKII 6y;l.YT HeY;J,ooHbl B HOC­
xe , B OCOOC UIIOCT ll n p II Hal<.TJOHe Te.TJa, B CH,UH'lC ill 1I 0.lJ O)KCIIHlI II T. n.
Onp C}~ c .TJI ID r axn e ocotie n nocrn 0 Te.rJOC.TJO)Ke HIl II 3aKa 3 tIHKa , aaxp o n ­
unix }VI5J KOIITPO.lJ51 CH lilIlaeT nononn nrensnue MCpKH: 7-ICp Ky C 63 : 2­
OT OIJ,IIOii oOIWUOi'I TOlJKII no n au o on ee nu cry na iouinxr TOIIKa~ 1 5l r OD.IIl l
D.O n pOTII I301l0.flO;'KHo i'1 ( 3Ta 1I1 ep Ka 0 na ureu npuxrcpe YBeJlIIlJCHa n a
1,5 L it, a xrepxa C 6n COOTl3eTCTl3eII HO yxrcusmeua ) 11 xrep x y B T I I.
B ,U aII H O ~1 c.ly tlac r pecyercs H 3 ~ l e II H T b xo ncr py xu mo OC HOBbl.
n Cp e,UHlOIO n O.flo l3 l1III<Y OplOK (pu c. 83, a ) n o .nnurn 60K0130rO cpe ­
s a n a y-i acr k e o en ep or .flHHlll! ram m no .TJJl ll II H KO.l eH cyxc aior,
B naurexr npnn ep e a a 1 c.lt , CBO,UH .flHHHIQ CYIKCH H5I na n er na Y11a ·
CTKe xonen, B e pllJHHY .QoKoBoro cpesa TOIIKY T4 onycxa icr OH H3
no JlHHHH oOKoBoro uma , B aa uren npnxrepc n a 0,5 C,II. Flep enmoio
a
rJ
Puc. 83. Koppexrup oaauue nexan OpIOK u a qlllrypy C UbICTYU <lIQUUlMII fJ['OA IIlIa ~IU
II n JIOCKII MH G eAp~HI II
n on o uu n x y 6P !OK no .1HHHII nucryria 6allTa ua 0,5 G.1t pacurupmor , J111­
HIl la 6aHTa II ura r on oro cp es a llbPICp4 1113a IOT, Kal\ n o x aaan o u a
pncymce. 3 a.uHlol o no.nounu xy OplOK (pu c. 83,6) , eC,TJJ1 OHa II MeeT n o
Tl W0I30iI KOHCTPYKIUIII na ysacrxe oenep BbIflYKJlOCTb, TOIl<e n u n pnn ­
.TJ 51I0T II nepuumy 001\013 01'0 cpc aa, TO tlKY T6 , cue uia icr BHIl3 (T OtI­
xa T~ ), y pas n n aa u OTPe301\ J)]~ C OTpe3KOM E IT;, ( c tIep TCi!<a n ep e­
n a). 3 a.rtHIOIO nOJlOl3llHKY 6PI Ol< no l l IHII1II cpcnne ro WBa p aCWIIp m OT
n a CTO.nbKO, n a CKOJl bKO CY31I1I11 nepC ,l~H IO IO II 3a.uIl IOI0 nOJIOBlI HKII
6pIOl< no 6 01\0 0 bIl\I cpeaaxi u a y u acr xe oe.rtep , a unrpuny w ara p ac­

110 III
 D ep e JIHlo~ n OJlOBIIHKY OP~K ( puc. 85, a) no .rII1HII I1 001<0130 rO
UIHP5110T n a 1-1 ,5 CAt. Bepura uy c penne r o cp eaa , TO'IK y 1'5, YJVlI1H5110T
c pe aa a a y uacrxcoene p p a CW Hp 5110 T, B ua ui e xt npuxiepe u a ,I C.1t.
n a 1 C,lt BBe pX II n O.:lYlJaIOT TOIJKY 1'~ ;. D o HaM e'I eHHbIM TO'I KaM Bbl­
Bep unmy OOKOBoro c pe s a TOII KY T~ cxreuiaio r snepx 110 .TI IIH IIII 00­
sepu unaror xoury pu 3 a.n:Heii no.rr ODHHKII 6p IOK, KaK n OKa 3 aHO n a pn ­ KOBoro, c p esa n a 0,75- 1 ell. D o,l y lJeHBYlo TO'lK y 0 0 03 Ha tI a IOT OyK­
CYHKe. H a (!lH r y p bl C YDeJlH1leHHbiM nucrynoxr sron nu Y13eJIII'I IIBaIO r
nOrI T.., . H :-'l CCTe C Te ~I Opl OKH 'n o aucryny oa~ITa cy)K aIOT na
p acrs o p BbITalIK H B 3 a .n:Heii n OJlO BIIH Ke Op ~ K .
0,5 C.l t. D o H a ~ I e'I eHH bIM r ouxaxi BbI'I eplIll Ba loT 11 0 .TI OIlllIlK Y Op IOK,
1\ <1 K n ox a aano n a PHCYIIKC.
<J>Hr YP A C Bbln YKJI blMH 6E,U PAM H H nJIO CKHMH 51ro ,UHUAMH

H a pII C. 84, a, 6 1I0Ka3a Ha c!llI ry p a B I1POcjHI.'I b II ep ac . D o xrep ­ r.'I' T/- t:

KaM CT Il C6 OHa COOT13cTcTByeT TII'nOBo i'!, HO OTli lflI 3 CTC51 OT n ee -
~ Ty ~
J
11 0 cnoexry Te,10 C:I 0 }KCHIlIO. Y .n:aHHOrI C!lH rY Pbl H3.'1HWHe13 bIn y K.'lbl I
OC.1pa , a 51 rO!l,1IUbI I1.rIOCI\lIe. I
I I
fJ, ' 4 d2
I' \ .... Slj
\

\,
SlJ

II, f( / 2
/(3 \ \ , 1(q

D {J
P IIC. 84. <l>lIry pa C nucryn a io um v n 6c.n:­
paxru II n ,10 CKIIMII nronn uaau

Bproxn, CKpoeIIIIbIe n o xep reaca » .n:.TI51 r u nono ir ep Hrypbl , na Ta Ko ii

qJHry pe Oy.n:yT cnners IICCK,'Ia.n:Ho - no JIII 3Y OT.'IeTa Tb B CTOp OlI y,
a tJ
O Ie Ula 51 Te ~1 ca ~lbn l II mnrlIll cr ntia, no o e .n:p a~1 OOY)Ke HbI, a C3aJIH () CJlp a ~1H
PII C. 85. KOppC KTllpO TWlIlIC .1eKa.1 na r!lIlr y py C [J bICTyn ilI OIl.\H~m
W llp OKII , o o p a s y s CJlaOHHY II aanox iu . CHIDl a51 xrepxy .Ll. o , s a x p o ii ­ 11 n "1 0 C K II ~ lI j 51rO Jll\l l <J~1 11
uurx 3a ~Ie T HT , lITO OHa Y13eJ1ll lJeHa . 3 TO n OJ.TBe p JI.lIT 11 xrcpxa .Ll.U1.
KOTOpa51 3AeCb OTHOCII TCJlb HO ~I C H bUl e, 'I eM y nopxransno i; epllr y p bl. 3a ;UI 1010 nO.'IOI3II HKY OpIOK ( puc . 85, 6) n o JHIHIlII 601\OBoro cp e­
B eJlli'lIIH Y BbmYKJIOCTIl 6cnc p MO,KlI O Ta K)I( e onp enen nri, n o 13em 111II­ 33 paC LU llpHIO T II a CTO.1 b KO IKe, Ha CKO.:r1JIW p ac um pan u n ep eJIIlIOIO
He OOKOBbIX nue xros n a TaJIIIII.
[J O.'I013JI llKY , se p unnry 'OOKOBo r o cp csa Y;J..1I1 I1HIOT COO TBeT CTBell llO
C JleJIy eT Ilp Oll3BeCTII c nenyiounie 11 3 ~l e fl e H II 51 B KOHCTpyKUJIII
n e p c n n ef noaonnn xe . 3 a nmOlo n OJlOBII HJ< Y 6p IOK no JlII II IHI cpezmero
OCHOBbI.
I I:3
8- 895
112
 nma cyxcaror na CTOi1b KO, na CKO.TJb KO pa cnmpunn 0PIOKll B 6 e n pa x, T T; T
\ - 6
a ump nny ura ra n onon unre.n.no yxre ns nraro r na 1 0 1 (fhH~) .
Bcpum ny cpen uero W Ba , TO'l KV T5 , cxieura ror B.l e BO n o : 1!I1l1l11 T,
T5T6 n a 1 C,lt II 11 3 no.ty ueuucrr TOlJKH onY CI(a IQT aepr nx a.u. ny io
JI IlH II IO, pan uyro 1- 1,5 C.II. D O.ijV'I e ll HVIO TO'l KV o a 03 H,PlalO T a VI(­
'Bo ii T~ . B 6j; lo I(a x na <pll r yp y C KPY TbDIII Ge J. pa:\1II H n.i ocxuxm
5J r OnIH Ia :\1II yne.n n-mnaior pacr nop OOKOBblX nu r a u e x B ncpe a ne n
II 3 a .1 Heii 'nO,1013 Hl IK a X 1I yxrem.ruaior pa cr no p 130 nro poti 3 a .l lle i'1
B bIT anxc,
B CT pe Tl a IOTC5J (!lIlrYPbI, Y I< OTOPbIX 0 21,110 ae,J,po, TJ a CTO n p an oe, -"5
o o n e e 18 bIn YI(: Io e. ,C OOTBe TCTBY10 Ull l e 1I3 :\ICHClI HH 13 KOlI cr pYK IlI11l \ , "" .n I ~ I'¥ r-r~5/6
'O p IO K npO H3 BOlUIT '13 n OJIOBIIllKa x aroii CTOpOHb!.
Il pn 1< 0 HCTp YlI p OBaH ll II 'OP IOI< npn.t er a iomc li QlO P :\l bl na cr e y
3 aK po i'IUl,IlK0I3 'CTa IlOnJ 1TCH np oa ,l e :\IOi'I on pene.t eune ump uuu 6 p 10 1(
"-' - - - - - r
ua y p OI3HC nepumn u urar onoro nma . 3 Ty iunpnn y IW H unipoxnx
6 pl0 1< Oa bl tI llO onpenen an u n o K3KO :\ly-.TJIl 00 pacuer y, ua npuxr ep,
11 3 pacner a 2/ 3 ~ 1 C' P K lI 'C 6 (non yotixnar a aro.inn) + 2--:--.3 C,II. 1l.1'J1I
Y3 1<II X a p IO!( pexosrcunyer cn ncxo.u rn, 11 3 pa ClJCT(1 2/ 3 C6 ± I .
5')
HanpllM ep : o-- X 2 = 34,5 (OI,pyr.TJClI Ho ) ± 1.

O ,J,lI a KO BCTp e 'l a IOTC5J .1 10 .111 C Go.t ee 1I.111 xrcn ee p a 313HTb I:\11l
6 e ,l p a .\1 1l. B Ta lUIX C.1 YlJa 51 X P CKO:\ICIl,J,y e TC5J onpc.tc.mrs umpnn y
O p lOK 11 3 y pO BlI C ncpumuu w a r o n o r o 111 13a o e 3 y-rcr a npunycxoa 11 <1
W Bbl no ':W Il O: IHIITC:l b ll Ofl :\ICP l\ C OO:\:l3a Ta OC.1 Cp 0 0 e np unycxo v
na C1100 0,n Il OC o O.TJ Cr a ll llC . M ep " y 00 cnuxia ior na ypouue 1I0 JL'b­
H rO ~llt'l Il Oii Cl\.l a J, 1-\ 1I npn I1 hl ll [H1\I.1 CII IILJ i't 1I0 r c . C aIlTlDI CTp OBa 5J neu­
r a .'lO.l i l-\lI a IlJIOTIIO oo.t crar r, rpurvp y.
LU IIP IlII Y npa noii no.ionnuu opr OK na y pOIlHC sc punmu Ilia1"0­
n oro IJIBa onpc.re.unor no (PO p :\ly .'l e tt, 11 14
~l~ = 60 + 10 = 3:1 + I.
2 2 ­ P IlC. 87. O [' o u ('Il JlOCTJI I<OJlCTP YIlP OIl;IJlIlH OP IOK 1l:J
Pile. 86. rJ o :Jl l a n
noa uyro (lll irypy C JlOpi\ la.lbll o i'l oca uxoii
OC0 6 EHHOCTH KOHCTPY I1 POBAHIHI 6 P IOK HA nOJI Hb l E Ifl Hr YP b l 4'lIr ypa JlO P ~,l~l ,lbJl o il
ocauk u
Kop n y .1 CIITf I u e, na n n O.1JH u e, (1m rvpu Obll3 aIO T p as uu c, xa l\ 11 o
cr enenn i lm p OOT.1 0 ;'I-\ Cll ll 5J , Ta K II no oca uxe. Cr =56 ,0; C1= 56,0; Co =6 1,0; n l< = fi9,0; n6 = 104,0;
n .l 5J no nuo ii <p ll r YP bl P CI-\ O\I CJI.1.YCTClJ TaK i!( e CHlDWT b :\IC P KY JIw = 74,0 (Be = 30,0); Ul I< = 28,0; U111 = 23,0.
,n.11I Hbl ui a r a 211lI , <I I3bl COTY CII.l CIl HH o n p CJ,e.15ITb nyrc» 8 h11111 Ta ­
HlI5J JI IlJ II] JI O. rI P II ::J TO:\! C: ICJ. yCT YC.lO l3llT b CH C 3 (1 K3 3'111;, 0 :\1 0
H a noo.i cc l3a il,H oe 3 J1 a 'I ell JIl' n p u !, OJlCT p y ll p o Ba HIl Il 'Gp IOK ,n.TJ
n o .1 11 bl X IT:\lCCT p ac u e r o a ,l all ca 6 p lol\ II o n p c J, C.1CHHe umpnuu n e ­
BbI COTC o a llT 3 - y p c n n e Op lOK no .111lIII JI n p llT3 TIll13311 1111 n OHC;]
p e J,H eii II 3a J.Itc ii n O,1 0 I3 HHOI\ ua ypou u e Ta J111 11 , ,'l ll ll llll n p ll Ta 'l ll l3a ­
D pII Oa B l-\ 1l ua ceorio.a n oe o o .t e ra nuc YB(' ; 11l11IlB aIO T n a 0,5- 1 C,II
1111 51 no aca ( uu cr yna il<llBo r a ) Il o ~ ;I Cp . B «Enimof J\ICTO,UHKe»
Il oxu us lPHr yp a C IIOpl\la Jlbll Oii oca uxof II D «En un O:\! :\ICTO;l C» HCXOJ, 5JT npn 3TO :\1 113 o n p CJlc.TJ e HHl I Me p­
1\1I B iK . KaK II ;J..'l 5J n.ie uenu x ll 3 ;l, e :l lli'l , B 3 Tll X <P op~I YJI a X He y u n ­
n,TJ H n o c r p c cn u n ' Ie p Te)!, e i'1 Op lOK non v n p u n e r aoui ef epOP :\l bl H 3
T bl lJ<1 e r C5J o cau k a epHr yp bl , B.clIlHI0 Ul a ll K3 I< a a 1I0 JIO)!, CIlH e , TaK H
n OJIH ylQ epll r y p y C HOp\l a.1 bH ofl o c a n x o ii ( p HC. 86) 13 311r 3 qm r y p a
u a l3e ,'II14 11 HY nu cr vna il<1 1BCT3 II er e (PO iH l b!. D o « E ,n ll Ho i'l Me To ­
56-1'0 paaxepa IV p OCTa c o c.'1e,UY IQ Ul, II ~ I H 11 3:\l cp eH llH~III , C,Il:
115
114 8*
All xe», «a K YiKC 6bl .10 yxaa a HO au uie, BeJ1 II '111 H a xrep KII 13 il< T6 •
o npC.ll.e: H1CTCH n o (llOPi\IY.'IC
_----­
_--~
- ' T6 'T
IJ
To'3
Cr ~~

3 0 ,5 - - - - 1,5 (C6-CT). r;
3
Be.n r-nma n ep e~ICU~CHI1HB epWIIHbl o alIT a no I3Cp TllKa J1 1l
(p HC. 87) 1'2T 3= 0 ,25 B:«. Fl peuxr yntec'rno :31"01'0 o n pCD.e.TJe HIlH B
TO M, 'ITO y tIHTbl'BaCTC5I r arox e PCl3\IC P Co , KO TOpblll ~1.1 51 Op lOK
'II M CCT cnoe 3HatIe H lIC , XO TH II II C YKa3 bIB ae T H Cl paasrepu nucry na
a ron nu, oell.ep II iKHBOT3 13 OT.l C,TJbHOCTJI.
n o MCT Oil, Y» T 2 T 3= 8)[< = 0 ,3 ( CT + 8, 3 - 0 r) . 13 n a ­
« E .1H HO\ I Y
we\1 npuxrepe T 2 1'3 =0 ,3 ( 5 6 + 8 , 3 - 5 6 ) = 2,5 C.lt nsepx. P a 3 \ I Cp
H BIlO yBe JIHt leHHblfl, H npn npnnene nnn 31' 0 i l epOP\l y .TJ bl P CK O\ 'ICH ­ >I"
.uy CTCH YMC Hb W HTb 'M HOiK IITC,TJ b na 0 ,1 (T. e . H e 0, 3, a 0 ,2 ) , r orn a
n OJl y tlH T CH 1, 7 C.lt.
H a nonn yiorpu r yp y C 3 a \ !e TH bl \ I nucry no» iK IlBO Ta ne pennro io
nO.TJOB IIIIl<y 6 p lO K paC WHp5ll0T npO TlIB 3a.uHeH aa BeJlHtIHHY T2T3 , npn­
4 e i\I na nO,TJOBllHy 3 TOi \ Be JJIltlllHbl p a c umpmor n o ,TJIIHHH 6aHTa H 1Ia
no.nonnny no .n unm OOIWBOI' O lim a .
lllHpHll y nepenu en nononnn xn 0 P IOI< n o c1HH II H npirr a-m uanu u
nosica i\!OiK I JO onp cn e.nrn, ).! c p Ko ii CTIl : 2. 3aD,II IOIO no.ronnu xy
OplO K cyxcaror na CTO.'lbKO, pacump rnor n e peJJ,I11010.
II Cl CKO.'I b KO
r an uu OT nepumuu oa nra 110
rI cp c 1lHI0 10 nO JIOB I II IKY 6P !OK no ,1111111 11
PII C. 88. l lonnan tpnry­ P ile. 89. l1: n: c ll cllll e \ICp.TciKa OCIi OUbl ua 1I0 JIIIYIO
IIIIIIHI cr utia nu uepvnuaior na paan e.n.no ,TJIUlllll T 2T . pa C uu cr ynarouiuxi ljlllryp y C uu crynaromus: )KIIIlOT O ~1 llbI COKOI\ oxpyr­
JIOCTII
n .'IH OOCCII Ctf e mIlJ 0 6,lJbw cro VJLOOCTna .lBll iK elll1H 3 Cl.1 I1IOIO no­ ;>I,II UOTO:>! Tl blC OKOl1 OK­
.1 0 11 ll H K Y 6plO K no .1 11HII II cp cnncro W Bape KO \I CH.l yeTc5I nu xpa n­ pyr.t ocr u
nar i. o O: l e c cxomcunoi; II V.l.1 llHCII HOii. T OtI K ll E 3, EJ, II fl 2 OTB0 .151 T
na 1 C,I! 11 0 ro puaonram.nux r ,'I lI II HlJ \ 1 B.leBO, a T O'l K y 1'6 II E.) H Cl COOTBCTC1' IlC I IIIO yne.ll1'lI1B3IOT WIl PIIJI )' nepcnu ef 110Jl0B II IIK Jl 6p lO K
1-1 ,5 C,11 n ncpx. C OOTBCT CTl3CIlfIO naxrennror no.noacenue TOtI KH T7 . IIponIB 3 3 .uHCi'r. T O'! K )' T6 csreuiaicr nup ano 11 0 Jl IlJ IlI Il T7T6 H 3 1,5 ­
Fl 0 Hi! \1('tI CHlIbl \ 1 T Ot! 1<3 \! [J bllJ CPlJ II IlC1 lOT H3 .\1 ell CII E 5I B K OH Typa x nc­ 2 Cit , a 3 C1 1'C\ ! OT 1I0,1 Y 'lC IIHOr! TOlJKII n H ll3 Jl 3 1 ,5 - 2 C,ll (1'0'1 -
perm en II a a n n c n n O.l 0 BHI IO K 6p IOK, KaK Il OK Cl 3 alI O n a PIl CYII KC CI1,;lO l lI ­ KCl T~ ) . Bce nocrpoen uc n po Il 3 Bo.1.51T, xax n a epHr yp y C aucryna to­
.Il J,1\ 11I ,:I ll Il1I5I \ 111. lI UD! II<IIllOTO\l 1I n.10 CKH \ I11 51ro :UIUa\lJ I.

nOJlHa51 dnrryp a C au crynaiouina iKHBOTOM BbICOKOH oKpyrJIOCTH nO.TJHa51 epHrypa C 8 blcTYllalo~HI\I iKHBOTOI\I IIH 3KO~i OKpyrJIOCTH

Ha pEC . 88 noxaaaua vno.m a x (!Jl l r y p a n o OCII On l!bJ).! 1I3 \ l cP C­ I-I a ·P II C. 90 noxa aaua 1I0 .111ClH rpnrypa CI111 3KOi\ oxpy r.n ocruro
iH I 51 \ 1 CX0.1 l1a51 C npe.au.tvuicn, 11 0 c OTK .10II CHlIhl\l 1I3 3a ;'1. KOp lIY­ i l\H 13 0 T<I (or nnc.t u xr ,K lIBOTO \ I). <PlIr y p a HaKJ101lIlaH, C ·6 0 .TJ e e nu­
CO\I; 11 3 - 3 a sr or o n u c r y n , 1<JIn OT a npuun.i o xpyr.ny ro epOP\IY, a ar c­ c 1'YII a lolI U D l lI nro.muaxn t. B TClKlIX c .1 Y Qa 5lX 3 a l<p o i'III U1K xpoxre
.ll.nu b! COOTBeTCTB ClIlI O CT Cl .l11 60.1 CC 1I,10C KII\I1I. n clHOo.l ce TO'l I! OrO xrepxn (T CIII I~la e1' D,Ono.1HIiT e JlbI1YI0 xiepxy C1' II. Mepxy CHII­
o npe;'I.e,1CIIHH6a .'IC1 lICa Op IOl" ump nu u ne pe n ne a Il 3 a':U lc i l no.io­ xraior C33.1 1I no nOHC HI JlIHO \ lY 11 3 rII o y II K ne peny l1al<.10 1111 0 n o nu­
BIlHOK PCKO\ICH )'I.YC1'CH ClIII\13T b .iono.mn r ca s nu e \ ICPKII n 'o n Il C'l' Vfl V 1I<1I130Ta .
n 0 3, Cr n II C0 3, a TalOKC nu cory oa HTCl 13 6 ". Tlpnnycx T2 T:1 . 3 "(1 Ii CXOJI.II YI O ).IC pKy np n OTKJla ~1.blBaHH lI um pnn u nepcnnca
(pIl C. 8 9) ynex nuunaior na 1-1, 5 C ll n p o rn s n p Hl-I5I TO rO paC'l CTa. I; O.;JOI3II H KlI 6 p lO K ua .TJIiHlJII r an n n oep y1' (1' I I. LI T0 6 bl I1C CJlI1WKO I\1
cxaunmars nse pxy Jl lI HHlO 6 ClH T a npn 60 ,TJbUJOii pa an nue M eiKD,y MCp­
* Tlpn CIIHTIHI .n.o nom llITC\l LIIO II :>1l:pKII 86 P CKOMCII;l y c Tc rr OnOrr CbJIJ8Tb oe.ipo
I<a;\1II CT II CT I I 11 CKp bIT b nucry n i K II BOT a , n pOeKTI! py tor no
3 11K a3 ' IIIKa na ypO IJIIC 1II8r8 p e 3 11 11 0ll biM WII YPK O:>I . II lIPIl CII5ITl III ~ I CPI(II ..'l un sacc­
« art, p aC CTOITJII1C OT )KC.'W C:>lOro yponun nepenuea nO,1011IlIlKIl UpIOK (mlllilfl npu­ Ji Il H llIl ran n n n nep enn ef n O.l OBIIH Ke 6 plOK D,O no.TJHII1'eJlbIlY lo M HrK y lo
Ta'lHlJaIllI51 nonca) n o : 111 11 11 11 um y p x a. 6bIT31.JKY - cx.nanxy . B aH T na 1 C,!t yr.1y0.-15110T ( fl 3fl ;) II COOTBe1' ­

11 6 11 7
 B 3 3 B II C lI ~IO C T lI OT COOTIIO llJC H II H xiep ox C1' 11 C6 T a lOI( C M e H5J ­
CTC5J BC.l l1lJHUa aucryna i!(Il13 0T a II , cncJ,o B3Te.TJbHO, B KOHCT py K ­
UI111 6 p lOK .'lO.'lIK Il bl ?llel Hll'bC5I cocr uouienne WllpIIH n ep enn eir II
To'? 3 Cl .111C i'I nO .T1 o BII Il OK , oa.la Hc 0 p IOK .
Huace n p II BC.1CH bl npnxi epu I13 :-'ICHCII II H nO .lO/KC III1H 13 CP UII1 I1bI
G~ H Ta 1'21'3 (B H3 11J IIX nepr eacax) 01l p C~1. e,lC HI I10 xrcpxn
1I0 B/K
c o r .r a c n o « E,'l1l!-J{)ii ~ l e T O;llI I( C» , Y l( l lT bIB a Io II~ c i'j (OOT HOUlCH lIC 00­
X 13 a T 3 T a.11111 II OC.'lCp .
1) P,, ;J:\ICP 46, 1I0 ,1 11 0 Ta ua naa :

BiI< = 30 ,5 - ~ - 1,5 (46 ,5 - 35) = .- 2; T 2T3 = 0,25 X

,)

x (- 2) = - 0 ,5.
13 ",, 1' 1I 0 ~1 ('.J]V1I <lC ;'IJIl IIl \' U allTa n cnu acar cr n a 0.5 L II .
2) Pa s u cp 50, no.mora cpc.ums:

B·[ l\' .== 30 ,vr: - - 50- -

o
1"5 (;'t) I ,0- - 4'_» -- °"5' t 2 7'3 -- °();'
,,;:, u X

x 0, 5 :-; 0 ,2 C,11.

.i uuv oallTa lie 11 3 MCIlHlOT.

:3) P ,i 3 ~ 1 <: !, 58, 1I0.1110Ta oucns GO.1LIU[, il :

PII C. 90. <Pn r y p a non­ PIl C. 9 1. OCOGCIIIlOCTIl xonc r pyn ponan na GpIO I( 11 3
B}K = 30 ,5 -~
3 - 1,5 (6 1,5 - 57) = 4, 5; ­ o = 0,25
TS u
X
Ba H C nucry na rotuuxi n OJIII Ylo llJllrypy c BH3 KOii o K pyr .~OCTbI O IKI1IJOra
IKnIJ OTO~ l 1111 3 KOii 0 1(- X 4 ,5 = 1,1.
pyrnocru
6all1 a V Il C.l i1'IIIB <lIOT n a 1,1 LI t.
,n.l ll l i V
·1) P a:J ~ l e p (in:C T= (j2, C6 = ,62:
CT BCIl HO )' M CH1> llIa IOT OTpC30K
cryny }K UBOTa np On Cp 5JIOT, KaK
1'21'3. P a 3 ~ I Cp WHp n HbI OpIOK n o au ­
n OJ, Cl 3aH O 1I3 'l Cp TC}KC (pII C. 91).
Bil( .: = 30 ,5 - 6; _ 1,5 (62 - 62) = 10 ,5; T 2T3 = 0 ,25 X
Flp oxn a.na nan K pO~ I l, y n o .'1l1I1JI lI oa lIT 3 II Cl YlJ a CTK C n u c r v n a IK lI ­ >< 10 ,5 = 2,6 .
Cl OT a MClTC p l ta .;} COOTI3CTCTIlC l l l l() II OCa ;-K JI13 a lOT. J I H II II IO c pc n n c ro
Ll .l llll y 68 11H J y nc',l ll' lIllJaIO T ua 2,lj C.1 1.
LIlB a oo n c c CIUI WH 'I3 <1 10 T.
13 rp en. c u II ucr ncpr oxt np nxicpax n O.1 0 iI' C'1I 11 l: Oall 'l (1 ,I CII,JCTCH
(H l n 'Pbl PA3Hb iE no OIiXBATY TAJHII! H DEll EP re ro .n. so lI O I3CpTIII\il.'I Il, 110 II 110 r o p n s o m a nn .

OC0 6E HHO CT U KO HCT PYU PO BA H I151 6PIO K HA etl U f YPY

Flp onop unn C.'1 0 i KelI lI H rp uryp no n O.1 H OTC 3 II 3 11lI TCJl b ll0~I C I I 5I ­
C OT KJIO HE HI151M lI Ii CT PO EHH II HO f
fOT C5J II C TO.T1bJW no COOT HO UIe HIIIO pa axiepon OOX 13aT OIl T <lJlHH II 6 e ­
e p K 06xIlaTY r p YJl.II , 11 0 11 1I0 c o o r n o ur e m u o p asxrepos OOXB <lTa
H a puc. 92,0,6,8 noxaa a uu rpu (jm r y pbI pa a u ue n o ( 1 P OCHIl IO
T a JlH H JI 'DCllCP ~I C iJ{ n y C0 6 0 1l, tITO BaiK HO Y ' Je CTl ) np n x on crp ynp o­
11 0 1'.
a a n u n 6 p fOK. B OCODcn lIOCT lI u a n o .nnu e rp nr y p u . 3T O COOTlIO Ule HlIe
~' q)JI r yp bl n a puc . 92, a 1I0 n I no p xi a .u. nue. Ilpn II X C O ~I K II Y TO ~l
cor.'1 aCIIO Ta OJlI lII.e n enn nuu 1I 3 ~ I Cp eH1I5I Jl..Tl51 KOII CT PY H P 0 133HlHI
II 0 .1Oil( ClIlli I «o.i cuu u e u a iu eu k n fI lI UI I\ O:I OT l\ a COllplll\a C3 10TCH
OJl.CiK)J.bI .aJl5J M Y i KIIH lI M e ll5JCTOI . J(a K npaBlI .TJO, OT p a a xie p a K p a s­
:\I C)K: lY COOOIO, n p O;1, 0 .TJbH 3H OCb CID B IC'I' P HH p a c uoao acen a De p T II ­
M e py If OT n O.TJ II OT bl K 1I0 .1 11 0 T C BH YT Pll pa a xr epon ( 0 1. n pH .TJ O­
I\ H.l b ll O, c o c r a B.'15J 5J OT ,'l llH lI lI r a n n n no c ro n O )J.H YII P~D I YIO ,
',j(CH lle :1) .
Y rpnr yp u H3 pH C. 92, 6 no r n B COMJ(lIyTO M nO.TJOiKeI1l IIl n otina ­
B CT p e'l a IOTCH (IH lrypbl C OOJlbllI Cii 1I.TJII MeHbw e ~1 P3 3 I!1lU C ~1 ~ l eIK ­
CTII KOJ1 e H pacxonsr r cn. Il pon on s ua n ocs CII~BICTPII II 11 3 0 rH y T a .
)J.Y p a a n e p a xiu o fixnara Ta.'1l1l1 II oe.'.!.e p, n n o r ua C T a.TJ lle i l , np e a u ­
Horn n p u o o p enn 0 - 0 6 p a 3 H Y10 ¢ O P~I Y ·
ur a io ruett no CBOInl paax re p a xt xi epxy C 6 .
119
118
 m T, I
7': r r,
TJ
J
7G
r!__
\
\
\'
-~---';;;o.-

'\
(il \
\I Ir ( /
\ 1~
' I
J
.
I
.>r f/3 51

II\
>7, I
J
I i( I \ \ til
>7", \ ,'>.;;;;. .flo

\\ I')
I
( II I
I
1\
\
I
I

il llim )lfu
I I \ 1
I I:::: \ I
I I:>::: 1 ~
~ \
I~
I II..:
1
\ I~
I I
I
I \ I::;
{} I I
11 ~ I I I \ /(~
, I It J / ( ' / ( 1 1:­ r; L I ItJ Itl l I /(
K !(2 J
Pu c. 92. C!>urY Pbl I: OTK:JOIICI IlIf D I Ii n CTpOCll lI 1I 11 01'
I I
:-' (jl IIrypbl 11<1 p IIC . 92, R no r n n C O ~ I K II Y T O ~I n O.l O'K eHlIlI B oO .la­ ,I I
I
CTII .1 HII \ CI' 1I 1\O .l CII C .l l1 I1 1KO ~ 1 CO.11111\C l lbl , a y cron p a C\ o .-IHTCH. I I
fIp 0 ;1,O.l GH Cl H OCb CI DL\ ICT P II II 11 3 0 rll YT 3. H om IIp II OOp C.l l1 X - OOpeU ­ I I
I I
II Y IO (llO p .\ i Y· _ I
! JpIOKlI, B ()COOCI II I OCTII lIp II .l c ra lo ll lci'1 ( I>OP~ lb ' , cxpc cuu uc no !
'1Cpn~/Ka~ 1 11 :111 : I CKa .1 'D I TlI II OIlOi'1 (1)lIrypbl , na qnrryp ax C 0 - II I
X -OOp a 311 b1.\11I 1I 0 r a~111 He TO.'lGKO nore psncr ep O P~I Y, HO 11 OY,lyr I
IICY;1. 0 0 II 1.1.\1II B 1I0CI(e . I-1 a ql1lr ype C 0 - 0 6p a 3HhDII1 IIOr a ~HI c m ObI I
.1
11 !lID Opi OK O t CCTHTCH na pyxcy, 110 .1 11IH IH uia ronor o ni n a o ri pa ­
3 Y IOTC5I :J ,Ll 0 ~ I bl , a n a rp n r yp e C X - o o p a 3HhDIII 1I0 ra~III c m obI II /I II;
\l 1I3 C\ ICC15lTCH n n yrp s , l ID .111 HII Il GOIWB hl X W BOB oo p a3 Y 10TC5I 33 ­
.10~Ihl. !\OIl CT P Y Kll II H OPIO K n a TaKIlC epllrypbI il 0 .1 ' I\ H a OblTb cy me ­
II; /1
Ifp
H; 0­ d
CTIlCIIIIO 11 3~ICllelIa.
P IIC. 93. Kopp exr upouanu c n CK a,l ua cjJ urypy C O -o 6p a3l1bl MIi 1I0ra;-1I1

KOppCKT HpOBa \l UC 6a30BblX J1eKaJ1 6plOK n a £PHr y p y c

0- o 6p a 3HbI M H 1I0raM H
B I18Wel\1 n pu n ep e Li6 = 104,5 ( + 1,5) , Li w = 77 ( - ! ) , 0 =8 C,Il.
Flp n CJJ5lTJlIl ~I C P O K 3aK3 3lJ lIK J,O: I ,Ke II 11 0 CTa BIlT b u o r n B:,>l e CTC, Il epeii nn« 110AOBUHKa OpIOK. JleKa.'1O 11 0 numm KOJIC H (n an­
'1TOO I>I BGIHB IITb x a p a x r ep nC Kp llB .1E'H lI5I . Haxr epsnor pa c x oa. n e nu e o o .n.ur ei; 1130rHyToc T 11 n o r) OT T OLJ K11 K1 (p11 C. 93, a) ,UO TOLJ KII K,
n or n a y po n ne II X IIa nOO.'l b W CII 1l3 0 PHY TO CTJI (no r n :'>IOryT nxr cn . 3 B U IY LJ35JX 11 3 .'J IIWll ero B bI CTY Il3 HI15J 0CJ.C P II OT TO lJKII HI .uo T OtI­
OOJIGW YIO J1 3 0rII yT OCTb BGIW e 11.'111 'H ll/Ke Ko .1eH). Ec.nn 3 a Kpo i'I IUJ I I, I{11 fl 3 pa sp c a a lOT. J1eKa.TIO na 1\1a T e !H I anc p a cn o .r a ra lOT r a 1<, tJT06 bI
BblCOTY CH.il.CII IlH o n pene.nner no -p acucry li.'lll 1l0.1b3YCTC H THn OBGI­ TO'l KII T II H .TJ C' Ka .r1H na o .uHofl npH l\IOii - no IlIlTII OCHOBbl, a TOtJK y
MIl .rexanaxnr, p cxoxren.ay ercs B Ta l\JIX c.'IY lJa 5lX T3IOK e naxrepn rs J( c xie ura to r no npaxroii KKI B.l e BO 11a tJCTB CpTb BeJIll tlllHGI orxnon e ­
y 3al\ a 3LJIl K a .uM I UY w ar a CUw) . Y T aK II X dmr y p xrepxa Li o OT HO­ HIl H, B u aur exi npuncpe na 2 or; y TO'lKIl o op a a y er cn p a 'CTBOp no KI
cnr e.u .no y J..1I1Hc ua , a xr epxa Li m yxo po ue u a . .'IIIUIIII 60 Ko Boro c p es a BC.'III LJlfHOii 1 ot. H a CTOJI b KO , Ke 3 a K.rl a .uGI13 aIOT

120 121
n a .3T 0 ~ 1 m e y p on n e c o CTOp OH!>1 ui aro so ro cp esa CKJ'Ja,uI<y, a no
JI HHHH fl 1fl3 co CTOpOH!>1 OOKOBoro cpesa 06pa3 ylOT p aC TBOp B CTO­ t; r TJ 7S'h- ~ ~
7~.
pony 'Be p x a n a 0,5-0,75 C.It, H 0 6 ~ie.'J 5II O T icoa r ypu GpIO K. 50KO ­
E O!"I cpes nuu ep-mna ior e .'JCrI{ 3 nl>In YK.'J01\ 3 maroauu cpes CJle r K3
7;'
. I
-­ -.--=;

B bm p H M ~l e III l o i'1 : I Il HH,D IH, K3 1\ noxasa no ua pnc ynxe, OT T01II\H T I

J
:J.O T OlJK H H ,n p OBOD, 51 T np a xi yro llITpll XOByJO ,1JJ IHlI IO - .'J lI lI lI H ern­ I
o a , 11 0 xor opou cn e.ryer np o.noaorrs CILTI KII. Pacumpe une OplOK na I
YQ3 CT l{e xo.n en H OI ClJ\ CII He ,'llJlHI lI cr utia IIp e J,lI a 3 Ha lI CII l>1 ,lI.Jl51
CI{P blT lI H 0-06p a 3 HOCTlI HOI'.
3aOHflfl flOJlOBIlH/W ii p to«. JIe Ka.'JO (puc, 93,6) 113:-I CHHIOT a na ­
.'I OrII 'I IIbDI nyr exi. Crn fiu O pl OK B rOT013 0 :-1 Blue 3 a YTlO/I \HB a IOT 110
nponoacennu xt CI1.TI Ka :'l, li e cnnr a nci, C lIe COBllaD,eHHeM .'I lI HIl H 00 ­
~i ,
I
5fJ
JI}
, - . !, =Z 9
ofld
.f!(j

xosoro H W a 1'0130 1'0 IlI B013.

J',' \a Te p lIa.ll 1I (l 6 PI OK lI .1.151 q.lJl r yp co 3 11 auu rc.na us xr OTIUJOHC ­
II IlC:'I B CTpOClIlIlI 1101' 0 -06 p a3 1Ioro x a p axrep a p eK O:-ICH.1YCTCH
nonjinp art, rna nxo xpa ureuu f II/I ll n ~ l e.TJI{ Y IO KJICT Ky . Ouem, ya xne
0 P IOKII npn T a KO:-I cr pocuu u nor li e PC KO:-IC H.'l YIOTC51. i\
I
B CTpC'l aIOTCH qmr y pbl C 0 - 06P <13 I! LI\I OTK.TJ OlI ellllC;'-1 B 0 11.11 01"1 I
no re. H axieneuuc 13 1\o II CT P Y KIJ. 11Il B T aK lIX C.TJy lJa HX rrp o H3BOlJ.5JT C CO­ s, I
OT n eT cmY·I OIIJ. eii cr opouu op lOle Bc.nu-nnty OTI\.'10Il elIH51 onpc.t e­ IT i ,
2
.'151 10 T, npu crann u ,TIll lI Ci'J KY K nnyr pennef cr cpoue HOrIl. II
I I I
,
I?
I I I
KOpp eKT"pO RaIIllC 6a30 Bbi X n cx an 6p lOK ua (jHlrypy c I I
I I I
X-0 6pa 3l1 bl l\lll HOraM" I
I 1 I
I I I
.D,.l H onpene.nemm s e.t II'I II Il bl X - 06p <l 3HO rO OTI{.i101lell 1l5I B crpoe­ I I
HIl II nor llX nano 1l0 CTaBI1 Tb BJ\ICCTC CO;'- I KHy TO B 1\O .l CIIax 11 call ­ I I
I I
I I

~
T1I.\IC TpO no ii .TJ C11T0rt ll"BICP IIT I> p a CCT051lIllC ;'-Ie/K.'l.Y ninxo.torxaxm I I
( K a OJlY Ka~IlI ) . Bll aW C:'InplI~l ep e (pu c. 94) ar o paC CT051Hll C p a13HO
C.II.
Ec.nu 3 a Kp o i"ILU III{ 1I0 ,'Ib.1 y CTCH pac ucr nou :-te p ;\O n Be , T O PCKO ­ I
xrcnnycr cst cnsrri, 1\ICP KY .D, IIl (u n a nt ext npu v cpe xr ep xa JIm yBC ­ H; Ilf /12 - II
1l1 ' l c ' Ia u a I est, xrepxa )16 na CTO.'lb I\O ,K P vxrcm.ureu a } . Haxrcne­
II
- liz
I:IIH iB KOIl CT PY IOt ll 11 Op lOK ml OCHT c or.18 CII O nO.'IO /KeHH IO 1101' no a [f
Jt a llll bl M 11 3 !1l e p eHll iL
,TICK8 .'J0 TlO .1 l1HlI lI 1\O.rIe l1 OT '1'0'1101 K2 ,'1. 0 r o-ucn K (puc. 94. a) P IIC. 94. !\0P!H'KT I IPOIWIIII C ,' i C i\ ~ :I II:I ijJllr yp y c X ' UCp ,U l lhl\llI 1101 a ~1I 1

pa i poaa ro r . Jlexano K.1a.'l YT nil varcpna.t T a K, ' ITOObl TOlJ I{a T (.'111 ­
Hll H cr ud a u a Ta .1 I1I1) COB:-1 CIl 13 ,'l a Cb C nnr uio OCIIO l3bl II 'ITO Ob l npn 1\)' n P OKJI a.iu na ror n o JHIII H5J 1\1 )1, 113 II fJ -,fh
CO CTO pO Il 1>1 JIIIIl IlII 0 0 ·
s r ov OCTaJl <l Cb He OICII\CJIHOn r ouxa 57 3. TO lJKY K C'. IClll il IOT n n pa ­ xonor o cpeaa . ~. qlfll' yp C X - U6 p a3 11hl:-l ll 11 0 1'(1\ 111 uepc.uco IIJ .'J IIUl ll e
no no .'I IHIl I II K1 K2 H il 'I e T13 Cp T b OTl{.'JOIIC ll IlH OT 1J 0 p:- t <I .'1bllOrO 110.1 0 ­ BblCT )' 11810T o e :t p a . B r ax nx C.'Y 'l Cl HX .1 Cl\3 ,·Ia Il C' P (:.:\ lIcii n O,'IO BlI lI J< II
K e H IJ ~ HOI' ( ll H al1J C~1 I1 p lJ \ICPC ua 2 CII ) H nO .l y 'l<1IOT r ouxy W. 6plOK no .m nnut fl l 57 3 1I 3<l.'l.ll c l"! n O.TJO UIIII K1I 6p1 0 l\ 11 0 ,ll l lH l H fl 4fl 6
TB O ~l H T an ep x II a 0,5-0,7fi C.H. 3 a TC:-I 00 \ IC.'I51 10T xouryp ta n o .no­
C !I!Clll.e IJIJYIO n n p a no TO'lKy K2 0 0 0 3 Ha l Ja lOT 6Y K130ii K;. Pa 3p C3 y
Bll IIKIl , Bbl p a BII IlBa 5J n p n sro xr .TJ lITlIl IO 6 0 l\ OBOr O cp c sa II CTJl a,K l!­
T0 11K11 K; OTBOJ,5IT Bll ll3 (B H aTlI C~l I1pIl \ I Cpe H3 1 C.l l ) n no.ryuaior IJa H IICp OBHOCTH 1I0 .nI11111l1 rua rono ro c pcaa.
T0 1II, )' K;, I<OTOP YIO COe jl,HH5IlOT C TO lIKO!"I H;. D o .'I I1IHlH 0 0 1\01301'0 5P IOJ< I1 na (jmrypbl C X -00pa 311I>D IIl n or axnr, T a l' IK e K3K na
CpC 33 ua .'JIUIHH KOJIeH 3 a K.TJ a!lbIBa IOT cK .TJaD, Ky, p ann yt o p ac r n o py epll r y p y C 0· 0 6 pa 311bDIll 1l 0 r <I ~HI , p e KO:-ICII.1YCTCH 11I1I Tb 11 3 L TJalJ.K O­
K;K;. Il pn CII.'JbHOI1 I130rH yTo cTH HOI' BHYTPb Hc 60.TJbllIy lO CK.'I a .1 ' xpaui enoro xrar epnana 1I He OlJCll b Y3 KIl C_
122 123
 --
m
4>Hrypa C lIoraMH « 1~ H p K YJI e M» Til

Ha pIIC . 95 noxa s a ua (IJHrypa , y rcoropoii Hom 110 C BOC ~I Y CCTC ' rl

CTB eHHo~lY n O,10iKeHIi IO KII1I 3Y p a311.BHIIYTbI. OT X-06pa3HbIX TaKHe
no r n 0I.1 JIt J3 10 TC51 TC\!, uro II X p a CX OiK ;1.CHII51 u aunuaiorcs ne OT <J ! \ fj
nor.
ypOB'IIH KO.1CH, a OT y p0 13HH COIl ,le IIC H I151
6pIO I<H, CK POC H II LIC no -rep r c xc a xr T11n OB Oll qJllrypbl , ua T 3KOII L
. ~
rpnrype 6Y1l. YT CH1I.eTb II CCJ<.la1l.HO 11 H e Y1I.0 6 Hb I B HOCK e. Cnl6 bl n
I
11 113 OTK .TIOII5IT C5I suyrps . 6pIO KIl no W a r 0 I30 ill Y
limy 6Y;1.)'T ykopov euu ,
otip a s y» JICI )'tr CI CT I<C OT
OIlJI\' .
a COOKY Y1I..TJIIHCHbI.
1<O.TJCII 11.0 6 CLl CP CJI3 ·
I.
I
I
ff.1
,
I
I
<; _ 51:
--=-' fl6

I I
t lpil I3bl 5lBJI CII I I!I raxor o OTI\.TJ OIIC II I IH 13 no­ I I
,'JOII<CI II lll HOI' sa xpo m u n x 1I3i1l epHeT Be.l"""l1y I I
::II ~ I
II X paC XOII( }I CII1151 - pa CCTOHIIIl C M C)I( ;1.Y Ka6 ­
~I " I
,'I vrca 1\111, a 'ra 101,C n.nII II V ura ra . B na urcxt ~ ~I ~I
npuxrepe 20 C.II . I'
l--- Ir~-
3T O p a CXO iK 1I.C mi c COCT aB.rI 51 Cr \\ (; II ::I II
I
~
t..:l f
I JP Jl II HI3 yc.ronno aa nopxry Pil CXO }K Ll ClIlI5I 1101'
\ Ij \ \\ . \ il l Cil\ Ll Y Iw o.1 Y K a il 1H 8 c.1t II pasnennn P33I10 CTL
1(; I s, I 1(,/
II KI 1" II I '
I I
B pacxoncacnnu nonon a ill , saxp of unnc qmK ClI' '2 1( 1('1
p ycr p a CXOi l{ l1 CIIII C .lIM] KCIjKl1.oii 1I0m B o r ­
I I I I
I I I I
11C.'! b llOC T l l : I I I I
I I I I
PH 20 - 8
2
:= 6 c.\ 1. I
I
I
I
II I
I
B COOT I3CTC T fl lIl I C 11 0 ,1 Oi l\C lI II CilI 1101' xrenu ­ \ : I I
I I I I
l OT xo n c r p y x n mo 6PIOI ':: . P acxp oii 6p lO K l1ll H I I I I
PIl C. 95. cI>lIfyp a c uo - Talwi'l c!lII r )'p LI 13 liC.1HX COO.'! IOJiC II II H Ll O.'!CBO I I
I I I I
I I I I
raxru «ll HPI< YJICM» IIIITII n o ,'I 1I1I1l5lilI c rn oa P CKO\! CI U1 YCT C5I np ou s ­
no.nrrt, 1I0 .TJC I.::am I M , n ll OC5I co orncr cr nyroum c I
I I
I I
I I
I
1l3 i1ICIIC lIlI 51 B II X KOH crpyKUHH . II I' I I( If I H2
J
Ii3J - If I Ii - J
I HIJ
n e p CO NfL(1 1/() .lO G/lN/\a (jPIO I\ . Cxremeunc .11111 11 11 cr uria 131111 3)' If If' 1& It'
( pII C. 96, a) " PO I 3 1l0;Iwr J1 3 p a C'I CTiI lJCTB CpTJI nc.t 11'1 1111 1>1 W 'p l(1I PII. I 11 2 [J q

h H' = 0 ,25 I'll = 6 >< 0,2 5 = 1,5 Colt. P II C. 96. Koppexrup oua une JleK·l ' l 11 <1 I]Jltr yp y C 1I0raMII «U llp Ky.~eM »
TOlJ l\)' ll' COCJ.I l l l li lO T II [JH .\I 011 .111111 I eJi e T OllI,OII E , '06pa 3)'H 11 0·
BylO .'ll lI lI lIO cr uc a. vb rO ' II\1 1 H' 1\ IIPHilIOi'I H'E 13 0C Cr aI3 Jl 51I OT II Cp' T OlJK Y H' COCl111115110T np nxrof ,1J H lI lIC IJ C r OlJKo ii E, 00pa 3YH 110'
lI ell :U I I,Y :I HP , 1Ii1 xo r op o» OTI"la.:ILIIla IOT LUIIPIlIlY 1I0 ,ilOI3IlHKII BII1l 3 Y B yIO ,1111111IO cr noa. 1'13 T OlJI\ll H' anpan o H B,l e B O orxaanuaa ior
11 0 .\ I Cp K a :,1 II n pll1l 5IThlili pac uera» . B ep IIJIIII Y o OKoBor o c pcs a, TO ' I ­ unipu n y n O.TIOI3l111 K II IlIl I13Y. BCPllIlIH )' 001\0 13 0 1'0 c pe sa , TOlfKY T7 ,
K )' T4 , cxrcniaior na 0,5 G.1I 111111 3 no ,1 1I H HH o OK ooor o c peaa . Il o.r y­ cxr euraror na a,s c.1t BII 1I3 no .1J li H II II 60 1\01301'0 c pe sa II no.nyua ior
'1eIlI I Y IO TOlf l\)' 0 0 03 11c1'1Cl IOT T~· lla ,:lblIeiilllc e n ocrp oe nu c
0Y I\ Il Oi'I TOlfKY 7"7. l l a .1bII CiiJII CC II OCTPO CHI1C IJP OIl 3 13 0 .1.HT n o \ICp Ka~ 1 II npu­
"P OH .111 0 fiHr n o \I Cp K ailI JI npnuat u xr p a cuer a xr, Ka K noxa saao n a I151Tbl~1 pa C'I CT3i11, x ax nox a san o II a pIl CYIIl, e .

P IIC Y" I\C. K OHTpO,1hllLI C TO lJK II na .11111 11 11 1\0 ,lCH OTI\,l a l1.bIBaIOT no.i <I>Hn'PA C OTKJIOHEHHSlMH B nOJIO)K EIIHH CT y n HE FI
II Jl 5I \l LDI Y'r.l0 ~ 1 K n on oii ,1 11 11 11 11 er n oa .
3 aO H J1Jl nOA OBIlHl({/ UP/ OK . Cill CJIJ, CHlle ,111111111 eru6 a BHII 3 Y II pO ·
Ha pII C. 97, a II 6 nOKa 33HLI ..'!Be(pnrypLI , y K OTO P I>I X u or u 'n o
CBON I y crpo euu ro II M e ro r OTKJIOHCHIl51 B nO JlO }K eHlIII c ry rm e a .
IBB O.151T ·B r oxi }I,C uanp as.tennu Ii n o rexi i l\C pa c-rera xr .
.Y ¢n ry pbl n a pII C. 97, a K a K B nO.10 i K CHnH CTOR , r a x H npu XO.'lboe
H H' , -~ 0,25 PII = 6 >< 0,25 = 1,5 C.lI.
125
12·1

: PRESSI ( HERSON )
Ka6 .TJ y10l conpuxac arorc n, a !I 0CK H 113.1 lI W IIe p a CX OJ,5ITCH. 5pI OKII.
c xpoenuue ITO Jl el\ a ;l a ~1 TIlII 0 I30 i'I <plIr~ pu, n a ra x oti ej:lHry p e6 ynyT
He Y,UODll bI 13 HOCI\e, c m Obl 'B1H I 3 Y Oy;l.yT enepe.m 1l0 Be p H YTbI
---'--­
nnyrp s , a C3 a ,U1I - nap yncy. Y <P ll r Y P hl 97,6, u a o riopor , HOCK ll rr o­
'1epH y Thl unyr pi., Ka 6.TJyKH H ap Y Il\ Y . 5PIOKli, cxpoenuu e ITO .TJ e K a ·
.'laM Tli n ODOl1 .qJHr yp bl . 6)\;l.YT na r axo n <pHrype r ax xce H e y .a.06Hbl

51
t ...
I -....
I fl
I il
I I
\ I
I :::s I
I :r: I
"
I ~I
I <:; I
I I
/(,' ~--,;:;:
I I,
1(, I
I
1(2
1(;1
.
I , I
I , I
I I I
, I I
I I I
a {J J I I
I ,
PII C. 97. C!>lI r yp bl C O Tl{;'OIl C II II C ~l U n O.l O /KCII II:! I I
I
cry nucf I I
I
I , I
I I I
B HOCK e, Cru 6 bl cnepenu OTJe'l 01l 5ITC5I nap y.uy, a c 3aJ,1I DHYTpb . I , I
I
P a c xpoli OpIO K J,JI 51 T a KH X <!JIIr yp B ue.m x C06.'IIO,J.eIIII51 ~'I, o.'l e BO ll I I
I'
HHTII n o .'I Il II Il Il CnID Ol3 p e J\O~ I eH ~1Y cT c 51 n pO H 3I30 :J,IITb ITO .ic xa.ta », II ; It' J II I I
BIIOC51 COOTl3eTCTl3Y IOlH He 1I 3 ~ l ell e1I1I7I l3 neprcacax. - ..J 1/2 III
a '~1
Ilf II;
II; tf
Kopp exrupo uauu c 6 a 30 Bbi X .TJeKa.TJ Gp lO K na qlH r y p y C rroB ep Hy T blMI1 Pile.
98. KOpp eKTI1pOSalllle J1eKa.,1 na qJllry py co cry nnnxm, nouepll yrbl:.lll
cr y nu snm II apy >Ky Il apy }Ky

OPIO I\. TO ll K Y If (pIl C. 98. a) n a 1,5- 2 0 1

Te ~1 /I; ~
n e p e ONJU I 1l0/l0 611NIW
3a OI·/JI .<1 11 0 A06/1H Il:a 6p IOK . Bc e 11 3 11I Cll e IIH51 rrp OIl 3I30 ,'!,5I T fl O
CM Cw.a lOT s.t e u o OT rr p :n lO i"I H ,H 2 1I no.iyua ror TO'I K y H' . To-ney H '
n n n nc ii C TOll KOI I fl , otip a a yn 1l0 DYIO .1 11 !l Il IO
p3 cII e T a~l , HO D 0 6pa T IJOJ! n op rrJJ,l{ e HH' =1 ,5-2 C,1l Il T. ,U.
coe n nns ror IIP IHI Oi'1
cr ao a . O T TOlJ KII H' Ill .TIel30 H n n pas o fl O .1HflH H 1I1I3 a OTK J1<JJ.hl na IOT
(p n c. 98. u) , n o H013bl \ 1 .'I IlH l HnI cr H6 a IJPO K .1 3 ~'J,bIB 3 JOT CIl,'I K lI . T3 1\
K 3K npn CJIO)KC IJII Il 6pJOJ\ B r OTOBO.\l BH ;le60KOBOfi li w ar OBbIii
um pnn y rr O.TJ OBlIll KII BIIIl 3 Y ITO xiep xc II 11 0 npnn u ru» pa cn era» , W B bl He COB~l eCTHT C5I.
CDIClIa51 TOll KIi H; Il n; O C"ra.'Il>IlO C n o crpoeuu e np01I 3BO .'I.51T ITO.
KoppeKTHpOBaHHC 6a30BhIX JleKaJI 6PlOK n a Q>Hryp y c o c r Yfl H Sl M ll ,
3 a.J.a ll II bD I xrepxaxr II rrpHlIHTbI\1 p ac-rer av .
KOHTp O.TIbll bI e TO'l K H IJO .'1lIHlHl KOJI eH ,:1)151 npasu m.noro COIB IC· rrOB epH y Tbl MH BHy Tp h
l UCHH 51 n e p ean e n Il 3 3 ,UIJeI'i 1J 0 .10BHH OK orx .ran unaror non rrp51:' lbD : ' B c e H 3111eHeHH5I rr POIl 3BO,UHT cornacno p eHli rr M II n P Il HHTbI .\1 H 3~I e
yrnov OT H OBOII JIIIHIIIl cr n ti a. p a cueraxi B 06panlO~1 rr opH'uKe lI O cpaBH CIIH/O c rr pC ,Ubl /l, YUJ,CII(PIl'

126
127
 BPIOKH npaner aiomea epOpMbI MoryT OKa3aTbCH oOY)l{eHHbIMIi
aa ysacrxe HKpbI, BHH3Y OTJIeTaTb uaaan; OHII 6Y.lI.YT caann yxopose­
Hbl H HeY.ll.06Hbi B HOCKe.
B .3THX cJIY'la51x nano CHIlMaTb MepKy 06xBaTa IlKpbI OIL 06bIlJ·
HO npnnycx na CB060.ll.HOe 06JIeraHHe aa YlJaCTKe HKpbI .lI.OJI)KeH
COCTaBJIHTb 3-4 C/lt. Hanpuaep, npn OH =36 CM amp aaa 6PlOK aa
.3TOM YlJaCTKe He Jl,OJI)KHa COCTaBJI51Tb MeHblile

Sf ~+3=~-l-3=21.
2 2 .
S/
Ecnn )Ke pa3Mep OH 60JIblile HJIH 6pIOKH no MO.ll.eJlH Y)l{e, IlX
I cae.ayer B aa auax nOJl 0BHHKax pacunrpntt., KaK nOKa3aHO aa nep­
I Te1Ke (01. pIIC. 80). BeJIH'IHHa flbIIIyKJIOCTl1 He MO)KeT 6bITb 60JIb­
I ute 0,75-1 Cllt C Ka1K.!l.OH CTOpOHb\. B npoTHBHOM CJIy'l3e 6PlOKH
I
l::l
! 1< cnenyer pacumpari, II aa Y'laCTKe KOJIeH, l1 BHH3Y. 3a.ll.Hne nOJIO­
I I'" BHHKIl no cpeaaxi CYTIO)KHB310T, a no crH6aM OTTHrHBalOT. BpIOKH,
\ 1(; npoexrupyeuue no rpop ne nora, npuaeraiourero CHJIy.3ra pexo aea­
\ I nyeTC51 BblKpauBarb If 06pa6aTbIBaTb TaKHM )Ke 06pa30M, He3aBIl­
\ I I
\ /(' I I( I CHMO OT roro, yBeJJH'leH HJIH He YBeJlHlleH p aaxrep HKPOHO)l{HbIX
J(~ 1(1
3 --=_ 1/(" 1.1 uum.
I /(ZI I/(3 I /(~ I
I I I I
I I I
I I I I I ll> Hf YPA C ACHMMETP HER B CTPOEHHH HOI'
I I \ 1 I
I I I I I ACIlM Merpl:lH B cTpOeHUI1 nor 5lBJIeHl:Ie nec s aa p acnpocrp anen­
I I I I I
I I Hoe. YOO.'lblllI1HCTB3 mOneH AJII1HHee OKa 3bIB a eTC5I JIeBa H nora.
I I I
I I 1 I I Pasnuua lI,.TlllHbJ HOr nocrn r ae r 2 C,Il. B OT.!l.eJIbHblX CJIY4a5IX pas­
I I I o
,I I
I
I
I
I
\
.\
I
I
I
I
I
I
nuua o bma er Ii onsur a 51. HeoAIl llaKOBa5J .lI..JI HHa nor ( p n c , 101)
B.'I elJeT aa COO OIO aCHM:'lerp UJO ra s o aoro no a ca. Korn a r eno 'leJIO­
sexa C OJI.Hll 3 KOBoii CI1 JIOH onup aerc n a a Doe 11 0 m , npa nas H .t e­
I
I I I I Ba H 5lrO;J. Hil.LI p a c n oa ara ro r cs ClH I !'vl eTp UlIHO. K Of ;J.a onopoit CJIy­
I \ I I
I I I )J<IIT o n n a aor a , a n p y r a n 60JJ ee If.TIH MeH ee ocnori oacnea a OT TSI ­
\
HI H' I
H; 1!!3 II ' 1/1
L
/1'1
-
/1.
" xcecru r ena, a r oa uuu pac n on a r a io r c a a c uMMeTp H'l Ho . .3 TO oc0 6 0
HI
H: If?
H; t; Gbl p 33I1TeJl b i IO y x a.nex . Bo.n.ure nu cry naior a ronnuu CO CTOpOHbl
Toii no r u, H3 x o r o p y io o nnp a ercn Te ,lJO .
a O PII Bb15IB.'l ell lill T 3 KII X o r xn on e a n u saxpotnn nx CHI1Ma er Mep KlI
. PIlC. 99. K oppeKTl lp oll 2.IlHC .1CKa,1 na qlHryp y co CT y n mDII l. n O llcp llY Tbl ~1 1l no C n en o u II n p anofi n o r Ii 0 0 C rr p a n o r o II ne s o r o 06XB 3Ta 6 e.!l.­
nuyr ps
p a . 13 COOTn CTCTBIH I C BCJlII'IllHOii OTKJIOll CIlH ll BHOCHT H3 :Yl eHCHHH
B IWH CTpy l\llIlH, n o 0 6 bl'1II0 He B no.nuof xiepe, no B03 MO)KHOCTH
6pIO K (pilC. 99, a) millHlO cnroa CKp hf13 aH OTI{.'lOH CIIl:Ill .
I y po }!. B nep eJ.ll eii n O.l 0 fl JIIlI' C n 3 a J.Hei'j nO.1 0 fl ll JlKe (puc. 99,6)
CMelljaIOT n a 1,5-2 CM nn y rp» , B u a u rc v np nu c p e 13 3fl T3 (p u r y p a 50 - r o p aa a e pa IV p ocr a,
n a 1,5-2 C.H Hap y)K y II T. J.. ID I CIOll\tl H C.nCJ,YIOII W C 0T!(JIOHCHli51 B CllMM CTPII JI CTp OCHII5I n or
( o r lC1CJ II CHlI H LJ Mc pl,ax II Ol{3 33 HI,1 B CK06K 3 X 3Ha K3 MH +
H - ) , CM :
ll>HfYPA C PA3BHTOH MYCK YJ1 ATYPOfl fOJ1EHH .1111 18 no (ioKy np an oxy 1l 6n= l Ol ,5 (- 1,5);
mlll J no GOley n c nost y n G., = 104.5 (-I- I ,5) ;
H epeJ. Ko BCTp ecI310TC5J ,1110.J,H C CH.lbH O pa 3fl HTbl MH MycK)' JlaMH nnuu n o iuary IIp all oMy nlllll=77 (- 1) ;
r OJleHH _ HKPOH01KHOII~lbllUl~bl
(puc . 100) - 3 TO 'lame 'Bc er o
Ll.1 HHa no w ar y ; ICBOMY .ll w.l= 79 ( + I) ;
0 6XB2r 6c:tpa np auoro y BeJJlI'le H npor us OOJ;B 8Tll 6 ~J\ P8 nenoro na .( C,ll.
cnopTOI CIlbI - ep yTO O.'1lICTbI, n ,10 Bl\bI II J.p.
9- 895 129
128
 B COOTBeTCT BHH C 3aMC tl e Hl-I bDI H OTKJ1 0 HeH H51 M If B CTpO CHlHI 1I0r
BHOC5IT 1I 3~ I eH eHH 51 B uepre ac a x - OTn CJl b HO B npasof CTOpOH C 11
OTnC .'1bHO a a enoir. r,:
17 ; T,' I . __ tlf"---= iif =nt
!
/
iI~ ' If b;--r/~'l\t2
, f' . .J

I ~ ~
t

PIl C. 100 . <PI11'y p a PII C. 101. <PIl1'y p a

~\ ,- !e . ~,
C p a 3 BI1TOii ~IY CI\ Y ' C aC Il MMCTP IICII IJ
JlaT YP Oll 1'O/1CIlII CTpOCH JlII 1101'

D ep eOWUI npaean nO.10tJUHl\a 6p IOK. EPIOKH n o 60 Ky H urary

y Kop a lIHpa IOT ( pH C. 102, a) :
H IH, = 11 C,1t saepx;
T 4 T4' = 0,5 C,1t BJl CaO ;
H2H~ = 1,0 C,1t nnepx:
\
11/ ' 1/1 '
lit,;
T 3T; =0,5 C,It snp ano. 1/, -- - -/7--:1
a
/r,
liz
II;
I~J --
/11'
1/ I/.
EpIO KH B o O.TJ a CT H o en ep p aCW llp51IOT:
E\E; =0,25 C.lt , COOTBeTCTBellllO p aCW Hp51IOT BbICTyn 6 aHTa tJ
fl 3f( . P ile. 102. KO PP E'I\THp OBa llJIC .1eI\ 1lJ! ua £jJIl1'yp y C aCII M ~l eTpHCft B crpoennn
1101'
no Ha M ctle llH bI M TOIIKa ~ 1 BHO C5IT H3M CHeIlH5I B KOIICTpyKIUIH
6p1O K, K a K n OK a 3 a HO na lI Cp TCrK C.
fl5fl ~ = 1,25 C.1t pacurnp enne
3aOHflfl npaeast nO/lOBUHKa 6pIOK. 6PlOKH no 60Ky II urary yKO­
pallHB310T (pIIC . 102,6) : T6T~ = 0,75 C,1t y n~l l1 HeII lIe ;
T7T ; = 0,75 C.lt n.reno.
H 3H; =1 CAt su epx:
H4H~ = 1,0 CM. BB Cp X. no II aMetIeHHbIM TOtIKa~1
BHO C51T 1I3.\leH eHH51 B KOIICTPYKUHI1
6plO K, KaK nOK a 3aHO IIa PII CYH K e. Ilpa 3 TOM lI CCKO.T!bKO yBCJIlItIlI­
6PlO KII B 06JlaCTH6 cnep paCllHlp51IOT:
BalOT p a CTBOp BblT a lI CK B nO J10BHH/' e . n OJIOBHII Ky B 0 6 Jl 3 CTI-I cazre­
E 3E~ = 1,0 C.1t BJl CBO; IIUH n o CpCnH cM y WBy CYTIO )KH BalOT, y pa BHHB3 H nJlHfIY Cp C33 co
E5E~ ,=0,75 c.1t snp aao: CP CJI.HH~I c p e ao v 3anHCH nOJIOBHH KH. n o HC0 6 XOJl HMOCT If TaK)Ke
OTT 5IrH BalOT n OJIOBHHKy B 06JlaCTH CUnCIlIf5I no JIHIIHH crnri a .
130
9*
131
 Ii nepe rncn cru » Il T. 11..; H3 MeH eHH 5I B ocan xe Bbl 3bI B aIOT H3MeH e.
HII51 13 n p o no p u a a x CJlOlKe Hli 51 r en a, li H3 060pOT. RaK B ocaaxe,
~ TaK II 13 npOnOpUH 5IX TeJl OCJI OlK e HH H OTK .'1 0 He HH51 Mo r y T npaoripe­
iF1FlRn
--- ~ , 1" 7 \I r;.1 .,.' \ r an, nar ca ornuecxna xap a xr ep.
7I . 4 \
3aK po I"l llUI Ky na C.1 0 }/( HYIO <!mr yp y uepenx o npIlXOll. HTC51 YlJH­
\ r u na n, u e.lbl li KOMn .'1 e l( C OTK.10 He H II II p asn or o x ap a xr ep a.
I I
I I \ Cn e.ryer or x eru n., ' IT O npu sen ennue p e KOM eH Jl aUHH no n o­
I \
I crpo enmo lJepT e}/ (eH Ii xopp exr npoaa umo tiaaoa ux nexax aa CJlOIK­
11 ' I! - I 1J; u; \ fi Hbl e epll r yp bI , na epllry pbI C OT KJl OHellH5I M H OT THnOBbIX He npereu­
3 Ur ~
(3 I I nyior IICI TO, lJTOObI OblTb ennncra ena u au . O HH HC HCKJlIOlJaIOT
,I
I. I
I npuxiep xn, T BOpq e CIW rO nonxona npn HX n p JB1CHe HHH K To l1 HJlH
I q3 f 57; HH Oii rpu rype c ee H II lllI BHlly a .l bH bn lll OC06CH HOCT51 MI I.
I \ I
I
I ,I
I
,I \
.1

"
/

(
/(" IC / (3 1(2
- -­ !!- _­

, 11.:.·__ , 1(, H2
--­HI~.c- ­ If; HI
II Q
H.;
1/; 11 ' /f,
6
a
CllMMCT P lICil • crp oeunu nor
Puc. 103. KOpp rl< T Up Oll 8 11 1le neKaJl 11:1 qlllrypy c

B neasrx (nepcnnef 11 sana efi ) llOJIOBH IlKa x Op lOK uce 3TII 1131\1 e ­
HCHII 5I BHOC51 T 13 06p8 THOM nopsnse cornacuo MepKaM OT K,'lOIl e ll 1151 ,
HO HCCKOJ1 b IW B M CH b weM paasrepe, K8 1( nO K83 8 1l0 n a pIIC. 103, a, 6.
TIe p e lJHc.'l CHlI bl e n p tl M Cp bl OTIWOH eHII Sl B TenO CJIOiK CIIIlIl crp yn ­
na pos aau n o OT).leJl b Hbl M np H3 11 a K 8 M ocauxn H npon opll lI II r e.i a.
Bee 3 T H rT p ll 3 H aK H B38tlM OCB51 3 a ll bl. 4en o B e K MOif{CT OhlT !> lie n p o ­
n op~~H OH a.J] b H O BblCOK II M 11 BM eCTe C rex cy ry.TJhr:.a:, Kop ny .TJ e l1 T ll bl ~l

132
-....
t.o.l
BeJilllJlHfbl 1t3MepeHlt H runonux epfUYP )1.JIR KOHCTPYll polI:Jllli R MYlIICKOli O)l.elK)l.b1
11 pu /1O )lcell ll ~ 1

." B e n H q HIl3 a CM IlJlIl p 3 3 M e p OB

:;; .,
., '"
","" nOJlllOT3

I
00:

I
113M epellHll HJlIl
t;g tt:
u'" '"
» 0:1:
p OCT 44
I 46
I 48
I
50
I 52
I
54
I 56 58 60

P OCT p I 155, 0 155, 0 155,0 155, 0 155 ,0 I 155 ,0 155 ,011 55,0
II 161,0 161,0 161,0 161 ,0 1 6 1 ,~ I 161 ,0 161, 0 161, 0
III 167, 0 167,0 167 ,0 167,0 167 ,0 ' 167,0 167, 0 167,0
IV 173,0 173, 0 173, 0 173,0 173, 0 In , !' 173,r. 173,0
V 179,0 179,0 179,0 179 ,0 179,0 179,0 179,0 179 ,0
no.~ yO(j X IJ3T well Cm M 18,6 HI ,O 19,4 19,8 20,::! 20,G 21 ,0 21,4
C 18,9 19. 3 19, 7 20, 1 20,5 20 ,9 21,::\ 21,7
6 19,2 19 ,6 20,0 20,4 20, 8 21 ,2 21 ,f>, 22 ,0
05 - - - - - - 21 ,9 22,:3
n o .~y 0 6x B3T rpy 11 11 Cr M 44,0 46 ,0 48,0 50 ,0 'i2 ,;) 54,0 56,01 51'l, 0
C 44,0 4fi, 0 I 48, 0 50 ,0 52,0 54,0 5(',0 58,1) o
5 44,0 46, 0 '\8 ,0 5U,0 52,0 S4 ,O 56, 01 58,U o
05 44, 0 4O,0 48,0 :>0,0 52, 0 54, 0 5G,O, SK ,O a
Flonyoexnar T3 JI 1111 CT M 34,5 36 ,5 38,5 40,5 42,0 4 ~, 5 45 ,0 4G,5 o
I C 37,5 39,5 41,5 4:1,5 'IG , O 47,S 49, 0 50, 5 o
5 40,5 42,5 44 ,5 4G ,5 50 ,0 51,5 53 ,0 54 ,5 o
05 - - - - - - 57 ,0 :,8 ,S )
n OJly0 6xB3T Gei\ep C(j M 46,5 48,0 49,5 51,0 52, 5 53,5 54,5 55, 5
C 48, 5 50,0 51,5 53 ,0 55,0 5f3 ,O ,57,0 58 ,0 )
5 50,5 52, 0 5~I ,5 55,0 57, 5 58,5 59,5 60 ,S 5
05 - - - - - - 62 ,0 0:\,0 I o
Llln pnna rpynn 111 1' M 16, 5 17,15 17,P. 18,45 19 ,1 19 ,75 20, 4 21,OR 7
e 17,0 17,65 18, 3 18 ,95 19,6 20,25 20,9 21,'1 5 2
6 17 ,5 18,15 18, 8 19 ,45 20, 1 20,75 21,4 22 , 05 7
05 - - - - - - 21,9 22 ,55 2
11m lll a n e p c na .110 JlIlIIIIIl 11m I 48,7 49 ,4 50, I 50,8 51,5 52,2 fi2, 9 5 :~ ,f ) :3
ranun II 49,7 50,4 51, 1 5 1,R 52,2 53 ,2 fi3,O 54 6 ~j
MllI 50,7 51,4 52, I 52,8 53, ;; 54,2 54 , ~J 55, 61 3
I

[]p OOOllJlCeHUe
I" '
(
B eJI U QHII 3 B CM IlJlH paasr epos
n OJlllOT3
"'0:

I
H 3"e pe lll'l H
~~ o:: IfJlJI

;;; ~~
I I I I I
44 46
I
poeT 48 50 52
I 54
56 58 60

11 n epe zia ,1\0 JlIlIlIlIi 11m IV

V
51,7
52,7
52, 4
53, 4
53, 1
54,1
53 ,8
54 , ~
I 54 ,5
55,5
55 ,2
56 ,2
55,9
56,9
56, 6 .57,3
57,6 58,3
J 48,9 49,6 50,3 51,0 fi l ,7 52,4 53 , 1
II 49 ,9 53,8 54 ,5
50,6 51, 3 52,0 52,7 5::1 ,4 54, 1 54,8 55,5
eill 50,9 51,6 52,3 53,0 53,7 fi4,4 55,1 55,8 56,5
IV 5 J,9 52,6 53,3 54,0 501,7 55,4 56, 1 56,8 57,5
V 52 , ~ 5::1 ,6 54, 3 55,0 55,7 56,4
I 49, I 57, I 57 ,8 58, 5
49,8 50,5 51,2 5 J ,Y 52, 6 53 ,3 54, 0 54 ,7
II 50,1 50,8 51,5 52,2 52 ,9 5:3 ,6
BlU 51, I 54,3 55,0 55, 7
51,8 52,5 53,2 53,9 54,6 55,3 56 ,0 56,7
IV 52, J 52 ,8 53,5 5+, 2 54 ,9 55,6
V 53, I 56,3 57, 0 57,7
53,8 54, 5 55,2 55,9 56,6 57,3 58, 0 58, 7
I - - - - - - 53, 5 54,2 54 ,9
II - - - - - - 54, 5 55,2 55 ,9
0 5UI - - - - - - 55,5 56,2 56,9
IV - - - - - - 56 ,5 57,2 57,9
II cnnua Wc
V - - - - - - 57,5 58,2 58,9
M 17,6 18 ,3 19,0 19 ,7 20,4 21,1 21,8
e 17,5 22,5 23,2
18, 2 18 ,9 19,6 20, 3 21,0 2 1,7 22,4 23 , I
5 17,4 18,1 18 ,8 19,5 20 ,2 20,9 21,6 22,3 23,0
05 - - - - I - - 21,5 22,2 22,9
11 3i\e JlIlH 111l - - n o xrcpxe 1l .~1l WK3JlC run o n ux llJlIlH 113i\ e m t lI
11 CnllHbJ ,no JlIiHlIll llTc I 39,8 40,0 40,2 40,4 40,6 40,8 41,0 41, 2 41,4
II 40,8 41, 0 41, 2 41, 4 41 ,6 41, 8 42 ,0 42, 2 42 ,4
III 41,8 42, 0 42 ,2 42,4 42, 6 42, 8 43, 0 43,2 43,4
IV 42 ,8 43,0 43,2 43,4 43, 6 43,8 44,0 44,2 44, 4
V 43, 8 44 ,0 44,2 44 ,4 44 ,6 44, 8 45, 0 45,2 45 ,4
B lJl etJa xocaa B nK I 43,4 43,8 44,2 44,6 45, 0 45, 4 45,8 46,2 46,6
w II 44,3 44,7 45,1 45,5 45, 9 46, 3 46, 7 47, 1 47,5
CJ1 III 45,2 45, 6 46,0 46, 4 46,8 47,2 '17,6 48 ,0 48 ,4
 n p OaOll aICeHUe

Be Rn qn " a D eM ARn paau epoa

w
O'l :llU
\ u
_D'' D ORHOT3
C5 ~ HRB 54 60
H3 MepeHn ll gfl'tw::
u ~ tG
::' 0 ::
pOCT H
\
46
\
48
\
50
I
52
I \
56 \ 58 \

48, 1 \ 48, 5 \ 48,9 \ 49,3

BblCOTa nnesa KOCaH I B m< I IV
V
46 ,1
47,0 I
46 ,5
47,4 \
46,9
47,8 \
47,3
48, 2 I 47,7
48,6 I 49,0 49 ,4 49 ,8 50,2
\ n o MepKe
nJIIlHa cnnnu .no JlIIII\II\ nTcl l '
TaJIII ll sropan
nJlIIHa nepena no JIIlBllll Ilrn l I
TaJlnll BTopaH 15 , 1 15 ,4 15, 7 16 ,0 16,3 16,6
14,5 14 ,8
UJnpll Ha nJleqeBOrO CKaTa llln I M
C
14,2
14, 4 14,7 15 ,0 15,3 15,6 15,9 16,2 16,5 16,8
17, 0
15,2 15,5 15,8 16 ,1 16 ,4 16 ,7
6 14 ,6 14 ,9 17 ,2
06 - - - - - - 16,6 16 ,9
n o xiepxe IlJlll uixa ne ranonu x AmlH 1l3.neJlIlH II pyxa non
n JlnHa pyxana I - 34,3 35,4 36,5
np 32,1 33,2
OGXBaT nnesa I On M
C
27,7
28 ,5
28,8
29, 6
29 ,9
30,7
31,0
31,8
32, 6 \
32,9
33,7
34 ,0
34,8
35, 1 36,2
35,9 37, 0
37,3
38, 1
6 29,3 30,4 31,5 38,9
- ­ - 36,7 37,8
06 - - - I
n o MepIcc
Buc ora GOqKa BG '
PaCCT05lIme AO uOKoDor o PUK
KapMaHa
nJIIlH3 >KllJlCTa
Buc ora DblPC33 >KIWeTa
n OJIO>KeHIlC xopnyca
BB>K
nIC
n lK
I ­
I
-
6,3
6,5
-
6,4
fl ,6
-
6, 5
6,7
-
6,6
6 ,8
6 ,7
6, 9
fl ,8
7,0
6,9
7, 1
7 ,0
7, 2
7,1
7,:3
II
7,0 7, I 7 ,2 7, 3 7,4 7 ,5
MUJ 6, 7 6,8 6 ,9 7 ,6 7,7
7, 1 7 ,2 7 ,3 7 ,4 7,5
IV 6 ,9 7,0 7 ,6 7,7 7,8 7,9
7,1 7, 2 7, 3 7,4 7 ,5
V
6, 9 7 ,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 7,4
6,6 6,7 6,8
I
II 6, 8 6,9 I 7,0 7,1 7 ,2 7 ,3 7,4 7 ,5 7 ,6

Il p OaO,!:JICeHU e
OlI o BeJlJPJJIua n eM .Il.~' H paaue poe
:3'"
_D'
iii~
D ORHOTa
113Mep e"H H BRU
~ ~ o:
....0 \0 I:
~ o =
p OCT H
I
46
I
48
I
50
I
52
I
54
I 56
I 58 I 60

n OJIO}lCCHIlC x opnyca nK C III 7, 0 7, I 7 ,2 7 ,3 7 ,4 7 ,5 7, 6 7, 7 7,8

IV 7,2 7 ,3 7,4 7,5 7, 6 7 ,7 7,8 7,9 8 ,0
V 7, 4 7, 5 7, 6 7, 7 7,8 7 ,9 8, 0 8, 1 8 ,2
I 6 ,9 7 ,0 7, I 7, 2 7, 3 7,4 7,5 7 ,6 7,7
II 7 ,1 7,2 7,3 7,4 7 ,5 7 ,6 7,7 7, 8 7, 9
6 III 7 ,3 7, 4 7,5 7 ,6 7,7 7, 8 7, 9 8 ,0 8,I
IV 7 ,5 7, 6 7,7 7,8 7 ,9 8,0 8, 1 8, 2 8 ,3
V 7,7 7 ,8 7 ,9 8,0 8, 1 8, 2 8 ,3 8 ,4 8,5
I - - - - - - 7,8 7 ,9 8, 0
II - - - - - - 8, 0 8, 1 8, 2
06 II I - - - - - - 8, 2 8 ,3 8 ,4
IV - - - - - - 8.4 8,5 8 ,6
..; - - - - - - 8,6 8,7 8,8
I
.llOnOJlHI1 TeJlbll ble 113MepeHI1 S1 .u.J1 S1 nOCTpOell l1 S1 qeprc lKcii 6PlOK

n OJIy06x BaT TaJIIIII I CT I M 33,0 35,0 37,0 39, 0 40, 5 42,0 43 ,5 45,0 46,S
C 36 ,0 38 ,0 40,0 42 ,0 44 ,5 46, 0 47, 5 49,0 50,5
6 39, 0 41,0 43 ,0 45,0 48,5 50, 0 51,5 53, 0 54, 5
06 - - - - - - 55,5 57,0 58,5
Il onyooxnar 6cAep I CG I M
C
45,0
47,0
46 ,5
48,S
48,0
50,0
49,5
51, 5
51,0
53,5
52,0
54 ,5
53,0
55,5
54,0
56,S
55, 0
57,5
6 49, 0 50,S 52 ,0 53,S 56,0 57, 0 58,0 59,0 60, 0
06 - - - - - - 60,S 61,5 62,5
...,
w
 I
n:l~><
=,i;S
=0::::::1
~ ~8:;- 01.0 0 Clf) O 0 lf)0 0lf) 0
3 = CJ 0 lt)0 0 lt) 0
-= Ctl
>l::r
M C'l C'l 0> co CO lD~ ~ - 0 0 I'-
. . . . . .
<.:l<.:l :v':l C'\l C"1 C>
0'>
U') 0 tf)
Q) C() t-;
otD .o U') 0lt)01.l)
~a~t-
"' 0 1.1) <.:ll'-
~-- --- --- --- ---
1.I)<.:l l'- :.:>r--.o:> t ..... co Q)
I'- CO Ol COOl C co c. 0 ­
l.D'"<:t' ~ C"")

mo -~
-000>. . . .
o >--. ~ - - C'l - - C'l C'l r::> -- C'l C\I
- "I C'l C'l C'lC'lC'l C'l
c CJ.'l)
'- "
-
-
OJ
O l (')O 01.1)0 0 1.1)0
~ - C'l "'1' co Ol - CLOD 0 1.1)0 01.1)0 0U;0 1.l) o 1.1) Ou;
g.
1.1)<.00:> C'lMI.I)
. . . Ol 0 "1 <.O I'-Ol
.. . M ~<.O I'- O LD O LI")

- - --- - -- - - - ---
- 00> ...... 0 0 C'l ..... 0
C'0 C'J - CD C0 C'1
:!:~ ~ ---..- ---- ---­
1.I)~cY;) C'l
<.O -M ~
<'o1.I) ~M
r- coo_
<.01.1)1.1)"'1'

<.:ll.l) ~
. . . ...
."0 C'J ­ C o> co
.
--- - - --- - ---
1'- 1'-1'­
. (-...... ~LO
" "Xl C'l -00> ""1'- <.01.1) 1O.. ~.. C':).. c~,
aococo 0)0:>0'.) "'!,-. O. O>,.
.... - 0>0>0> 000
C'l C'l G'1 -- 0 ---- C'I C~ C -J c ~ C'() YJ (Y) C' l
C'lC'l C'l C'lC'lC'lC'l C'.J C'\l C,J C.'1 C'lC'lC'lC'l

-
-
t-
o
~
0 <: U '-O <: U.!:l < Ut.C ~ U~ ~U'-O
'-0 '-0
t:: =2 U '-O ::E: U '-O O '< U '-O O ::E:u'-0 0'-0 ,

Co

o
IQ

L' 1'(; v' j,(; I ' ve; - - - - - - 90

t 't(; [' 1'(; 8'8(; 9' f:(; (;'8(; 6'(;(; 9 ' (;(; £'(;(; 0'(;(; 9
( 't<; S' r;6 S'£(; <; ' 86 6'<;<; (j ' (;(; 8'(;(; 0'(;(; L' I(; J
S '£<; S' 86 (; '8(; 6'<;<; 9 '(;(; £' (;<; 0'<;<; L' I<; t' l<; w mo nxr orroxurn

S' It 9'Ot L' fit: - - - - - - 90

8 ' OV 6'6£ 0' 68 I' SP. (;'L £ £'9£ V' S£ S't£ 9'££ 9
1' OV (;'6 8 8'S8 v'L8 S'98 g'S£ L't£ S'££ 6'<;£ J
V' 6£ S'S8 9'Lf: L'98 g'S8 6'v8 0' v8 1' 88 <;'(;8 W 110 I'Jd}lH

j" L£ L' 9S 0' 9t: - - - - - - 90

L' 08 0'9 8 f:' SS 9'v8 fi '8 8 G' f:\: 9'(;8 S' IS 1'18 9
0 ' gp­ £ ' Sf; g't!. 6'£8 (;'S£ 9' <;\: ~l I S I ' I\~ 1" 08 J
£ ' S8 9'1'£: Z' (.(.
c.c, £' 8f: S' (;£ S' If; r: IP­ v'Of; L'6<; Iv )lUO ~~Olldu'O)l uou J.eox9 0
I i
<) }"IJ :~ 0L! - :>9 HIIllJ \!H J eL OJIQ9

8' 6S 9'6S L'6S 6 'eS 1'09 8'09 S' 09 L' OO 6'09 A

L'9S 6 ' 9S " LS ro lLS S'LS L' LS 6'LS ( ' 8S 8'SS AI
, ' j,S 8'VS S'tS L'tS G' t S I ' £S £'S£ S'SS L'SS I I!
9' IS L' IS 6' 1£ [ '(;S 8' (;9 S'<;£ L'(;9 6'<;9 I ' 8S [1 !:H<ll fO}l olt Hlllf
6' 81, I'fi t 8' 6v S' ot L'6v 6'Gv 1' OS S'OS S'OS I }l Lrr -ai IlHIUl u' .10 <lIl HISOLJJe d

fl OflC>l,\c! II 1!llu'J l!Cll II Hu'lt :IQOOll Il L J LT}lm 0 11 lilt!! ;) )l dJ l ~ au - 9rr }I01dg mlllu'rr

- --
icg\~
09
I
SS
I I
9S ts
I (;S
I
OS
I
l
S l-
I
91­
I H z.ood
Hun
~LOHltO U
.,0:,
~o
5) ~
M HH"d" '~ l: H

aodarccad M[flt lVJ IT ~HHb ){[f ag

""
",g: ­
- '" co
co
, i/nll<J:JICvoeod l/
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
 COAEP)I(AHHE
CTp.
Onpene.n euae OC06ellllOCTeH T e .~O CJlO)f{eIlHH ' l e.~ O O e Ka npHMellH1'em,1I0
K KOIICTp y"pOR aIlIllO OJl,e)f{JI,bl 3
CIIHTH e MepOK Jl,JlH xoncrpyapon auus OJl,e)f{JI,bl ' " 7
OC06ellllOCTlI xoucrpyupon auua naesenux 1I3J1,eJlHH ua !jJHr YPbl C OTKJlO-
II CHHeM R OC:U iK e . • . • 14
<l> Hr y p hl Cy Ty J1ltH II nep eruon cr as
1 13 ~l ell e ll ll fl B ueprescax OCIlOBhl Cn JilIKIl H n OJlO'lK IJ na Cy Ty JIy lO <pnrypy .
1 ' 13 ~ l e H e H IJ H B KOHCTpyKUHIl 113J.\em1H na CYTY.~ylO !jJllrypy nyr eu xoppex-
Tll p OBallJ lll 6 a30BhlX JleKaJl B np ouecce p a CKp OH TKaHH • . . . 18
Jl HT EPATY PA <!J opM OBaIlHe cnllHK H II nOJlO'lKH 11 3J.\eJl HH lI a CyTy Jly lO <pllryp y . . . 20
1'13:1l ell eJllI 51 B uepr ezx ax OCIlOBhl cn HlI KII II 1l0JIO'lKH na neperuon cryio
13 8 ill K Ii p o n Il . H. P8 3 ~I CPbl II ljJOPMLI r eaa 'I e.10 ll eKa. U flK I1 JlCKlmJ"r All n !jJllryp y . • . • 23
3aO'III o r o vcoacpureucruou anun 311il li ll ii K O ltCT PYK lll P O B - ~to :I,C ,l bCPOII urueiiaux npen ­ l'I3 ~l e ll e H IUI B KOll CTPYKU11ll Il3J.\eJIHH na neperacn cry io <pH rypy nYTe~1
npusmui . M ., 1962. xoppexrup onanun oa 30Bh l X .1el( aJI B npouecce p aCKp OH TKalJl1 25
A JIll M 0 U A. 3 . Texunxa H MCTO,II :I(a a llTpollo:.teTp li llecKll x H3Mep ClllllI . M.• H 3~l eIl CIlH51 B KOIl CTPYKUltH pyxan a u a cyr ynyto H n ep eru ou cr y io qm r y p hl
j\\CAnl3, 1955. uyr ext x o pp ex rup ou a uu n 6a3011bTX JleKaJl
M a 'I Ii II C J( 11 ft B. H. f Il Mll aCTfl I<a , u cn p a 1l,1m o uia fI oca mcy , /I'\., " j\·\ t·J II· 113"'ICHCllllfl II KOHCTpyKUIIII 1l3J.\e.l ll ii n oxp ca p era a a u a c y r y n y io II nep c­
UII1I8 ». 19 64 . ru Oll CTYIO <PlIr yphl nyr cxr x opp ex rup o aauu a u a3 0 ll bi X .1CKaJl 28
T e p-O II a K 11 M n il 11. A. K OIl CTPYl l p o u a l l li e OCIIOUbl nep xnen )I( CIICKOrl OJ!-CiI, ­ K OPPCKTIlp OCallll C n exana p eraa n u a cyrynyio !jJurypy
l1L1. KOH3, 1956. K OPPCKTlIp Oll a llll C , ICI( a,'l <1 p er .nan a n a n c p ern ou cr yio qJHrypy
Enuna n MCT011I1I<a lW II CTp Yllp o n 811 1111 o n c xcn u . M YlKc Ka ll on excn a. /1\., (j)lIryp a C BOrIl YTOi"1 Cfl II 1I0ii u nu cr ynaiomu» iK lIllO TOM 29
U H I1 I I W n , 1967. 1·13MeHeHll fI n 'ICp Te/l( aX cnuux n II n O.10'lKII u a <!JIl r ypy C Bor Hy To H cn u ­
EJ.\llllbl i l MeTOJ.\ !W Il cTp y lf p o Ballll fl My >K CKOft n cpxn ef OJ.\eiKJ.\bl, 113ro To Bm H' Moil u of II nu cr yna ioum» iKIlB OTO ~ l 30
n o 1I 11/l.flB1l J.\y a.~LII LI M 3a KIl3aM u acen en nn . M ., 1l3!l-BO <:JIerKall IUIJ.\YCTP ll H». 19 67. K OPPCKTJlpOlla llll C oa 3011 blX n e x a,n Cll ll ll KH II 1I0,10'/KIl n a tPllrypy C no r u y ­
K 0 pOT K 0 n C. H., C Y 66 0 T il II C, C. Koucr py nponanne nepx n ea OD': IK11bl. r on cn nu on II n hl cT yn8J 0 UllI~1 >KIlBOTOM • . . • 32
M ., «BO ClI fl13» . 1960 . <!J Hr yp a C n .1 0 CI(II ~1H » roanua u u II u ucryn ato tun a )JOl nOTOM 34
K 0 6 .rl n J( 0 II a E. 0 .. C a II 0 C r II 11 K II /1 A. B ., A Ii T 0 H O B H. A. O CII OBbl Ib , I CIICllllfI II u ep re .xa x ClIlI IIKII II nO,10'l KII ua rpnr y p y C lI JlOCKHMII nrc­
KOIICTpYflpOBallll H OJ.\e ;KAbl. M ., fl 3J.\ -BO «JI en . a fl nuny crpns>. 1968. rm uaxrn II Bhl CTVna lOlJIlI M iK IlB OTOM . • 35
P a x M a II 0 u H. A. K Oli CTPYKTIl UIIble fl C110 CT8TKIl O.1le>KJ.\bl It C110-:0 6 bl u x l(0PI WKTl l pOlla Ii Ii C ' ua 30 11hl X .1CKa: 1 n a rpn r yp y C lI.l 0 CKIiM It nron u u a sm
y r 'l'pa Il c Hfi fI. LJ,c II Tp a /l L l l blli II Il Y ' I HO-lI c c ,le .'lO B aTc .~b CK ll il II Il CTHTy T HH<popM auil II II IlLICTy naI,)Ul :D l i lm ll O TO~ 1 36
II TeXIlII KO-3KOHOMH'I CCKHX Il CCn cJ.\OBaIlllil .1CflW I'1 np o u u urae ua ocrn . 1111 !jJo p MaUII H. n ryp a cyry na n C 11.10Cl\ll 'l1l lI rOJlU u a ~ 1 1l H nu cr yn aio uuur i l(l 1ll0TO M. 38
M ., 19 68. l 13m ' IICIII IH 1\ '/ CPTCil <iI X cn u nxn II nOJlO'lK II na epllry p y c y ryny io C n no c­
By K 0 B fI 'I n C T e p. T ex HII Ka Kp oi'rKIi 11 UIIIT h51 rp aJKJ.\ all cK oii II BOeJlIIOil Kli Ml1 nro. u ruu u u II nu cr v n aro umsr )J ( 1I 1l 0 T O ~ t . . • 41
onc ac n u . Bcnrp an, 195 6 . Koppcx rnponau ue u a30 11blX ~CK a .l CIllIll KU II n oa ou x u H<1 epllr y p y CYTY­
"D as Schneld erh an dwerk", fD,P , 1959 -1 962 (r.1aullbI M 06 p a 3 0 ~1 cran, n :IY IO C n.r o cs u sm nronn u a u u 11 nu cr yn aionn n t il <IW OT OM 42
I' an ca Mays pa). "O rthopfi disches Schn eid erh and w er" . <!J lIr ypa C 1l1.1IlYKJlbIMII CII 1I1Io il 11 rp y ru. to 44
" /I\o d n e Kraw iectwo" n HP, 19 60 -1 9 63 <1>lI ryp a C x p y r.r o - no r uy r o n CIIlI lIO ii
Riin d sh au " De u l sch c s Schnei d erfachbla ll". <tJPf. 19 62- 1969. <!J llrypa C n.ic cx o u ern II I01'1 11 Bbl c Tyn a lO I Il l! ~ : 1I .10 11 aTK a MII 48
C JIII n a K JI . B. MCTO J.\ nocTpoP IIlI1I '1epT eiK cll 6plOK n a 6 a3e 10 fl3 Mepe li Hil. <j1l l r yp a c p ;nlt bl MII 11 0 1ll,I COTC n :1C'I<IMII 51
M .. 11 3J.\'UO «J1e r Ka H 11 1IJ1y crp II a >, 1968 . C!>1I 1yp a C 1I11 3hl1Ml1 I1>1C'Ia MII 52
113MCII CII 1IlJ B '1Cp l C)f{ !JA ('IIIII IKII II Il O .'l O ~;(l1 11 11 1~ lI r y p y C l1i D \WM Il
lI J1 C'l aMII • . . . . . . , .S:3
!\0PP"KTI' POBillIIl C Ga30 BblX .~C I( a:l 11<\ 1)'lI r y p y c 1l11:lJ(II MII 1I,1e' 13 MII. 54
C!JlI ry p a C Dbl COK llMl1 11 .1C'13 ',11I 56
J 13 ~ICI Il;llllll B 'l~p T\~ )f{ a x C'n1l 1ll{1I 11 110.'0'IKII u a epllJ"YT'Y C ll biCOKII MII
n:1l:'13MII . .
!'i.(JppCKTIl p on :JIIIH: ()aJ Oll Ll X l clW JI II a 1 ~ lI r y p y C Il LICOKI: MII 11.:JC'l aMI I. 57
(j>IIryp a C ilCII\,\ICTI' 1I411 hIMIl 1l . lc ~a M II f>8
lIry pa p a3il OOOJ; ;1lI . • • 59
eti ll ry p a c' 01 F..l fJIICII II CM 0 crPOCII l li 1 py x G ~l
OC OGClIlI OCl l1 KOll rrp) x u n n II TCX IH,JJO rfl1l o Gp aGoT KIl u nxc uero IJOj)[ )TII II Kil
u a (j.lll rj pLI C () TK 1D1 IC II Il ~ MfI Il OClI lI J(e
OC06CIIIIOC,.,1 xoucrpyup ou auua 1I.1C'ICUhlX 113AC,'l ll ii u a !jJ ll r y p l~ C orxnn ne­
II I1l/ MII n n p ouop u un x ( ,10JKCIIIIII
<l l llrypL,1 "0:1I1 1o!\.' .
nO.111 M l d>llr ypa c 1I 0 p ~I;I.1LII O il o cam. o u 65
14 J
•
O COI)Cll ll OCTlI x ou crp y u p o n anuu nneueuu x 11 3 Jl e .~lIil 113 n O.11!bIC rpur ypt« . 6.
O C0 6 eli li OCTIl KOIICTpY ll pODallll H nansro ua nonn yio rpnryp y 69
OC 0 6 ellH OCTlI k oucr pvup onauun IKII,l CTa aa n Oml YIO tP llr y py 71
Flo.m an qJllr yp a C or xno neu nun lIa 3a JJ. KO pnY C O~ 1 72
Flo.m an rpllrypa KOIt )' c o 0 6 p a 3110il tPOPMbI I ;)

<Pllr yp a C OTKJIOIICIIII51 \111 B Ta 3 0 BO\1 n051 Ce . _ • . • . 78

<Pllry pa C n ;lO CKfI ~11I 6eJJ. pa MII II uuc r ynmouuo iu sronun ro i u
c1Jllrypa C n JIOCKllM II H rO jUl U3~ 1 1I II ll bIn YK:lb i MIf 6 e .ilp a~:II • 79
¢lI rypbl C p aaauuuu xm nponopuunsut yuacrx ou no cox uary r p YAII 8l
O C06Clltl OCTll KOllCTP YllP OBBIII1H crmu xu II nO .~ O IIKIl na r!JIlrypy ' I a.l oi'!
11 0JIl IOTbi . . . • . 82
Ocotienuocru KOIl CTPY l l pOBa ll ll51 cnunxu If 11 0 ,10 'IKlI lI B tPllr y p y 60.1 l> 11I 0!1
nom lOT bl . . . • 8;3
c1Jllr yp bl ll e n pO nOp Il IIOIIB,% IIl>IC 110 pO CTy II 11 00111 0T C
(jJ u ry p a Ilb lCOKaH XYil3H . . . 8·1
c1Jllry p a IIc60 .1 b1.1I0 r O pocr a nOJI lla51 85
C[)lf r y p 3 , p a c uiu pc u uau II n .~ C ' l ax . 8G
etJllry p a C a CII~ 1 ~I C TP ll' lIl bl ~ 1 crpocnuevi r ena 87
O C06CHlf OCTl I KOIICTpYlfpo uaH 1f1l I1J1C'I e UbIX u 3 Ae .l ll ii ua tP ll r yp bl C OTK,10Ile­
III1I1MII na To .~orll'leCK O r O x a p a KTe p a • 90
I'opoar an qJllr yp a
c1Jllr yp a c nu cr ynaiourcu rp ynsio £12 P O,U GH {f(l(JA () l1 t lf ( aruu.
(jJur yp a C naK:I OIIIIOii cnunof . 9;;
Ocooeunocru xoucr pyuponauu n 6p tOl( na dmr y p u C OTKJlO IICIll I11 MII, 97 I\ Oll CTP YllP OD /\ lIII E M ~' )I( C I\ ()n O.lJ,EiKl1 b I
c1Jlfr YP l>1 C p a :l.1Htll l bIM nO ,10 IKeIlI1 CM r a aa 90 11.\ rl>IH Y Pbl C GT I\.rIO IIE H I 15lM JI
H 3M CIICIIII H Il lfc p TCl Ka x KOIICTP YKUlIIl OCIiOUbl na r!JIIrYP I,I C T a 30"1 .
1f3!IHIJIIi C IIBI(,10 1ICIIIIl>DI nnopen aD P elI 3l\TOP lJ,. fJ. H O(pUHOaa
Y1 3 Mcll eliull n ncprc ac ax KOIICTPY KUIIII OCIIOBbl na rpllr y p y CO CIl PH ~I. I C I I- Tex n. pea . fl. 3 . 30Aorapeaa
II LI~l l a 3 ('~1 . • \0 1 II ,II. Il . Ocunoea
¢lI r yp a C p a 3 l1hi ~1 n O .~ O lK CII II C M 1I0 r II p a 311LI\11l p3 3 :.1 e p a ~1I1 ».uuo ra II HrO ,11111. 105 !\Op p CKTOP JJ. B. Bae puna
cl) lI r yp a C nu cr ynaiouumu 51 r OJJ. IIl\a MII II n .~ O C K 1I\11I 6 Cj\p a \1l1 11 0 Flcpcn.rcr XY;lO lK IIIIKa B. H. Ocunoea
C[)l1ryp a C IlbJn YKn bl MIi 6c.u pa MII II llJl OCKII\ 11I nronuna xnt . 112
OC0 6C IIIIOCTil xo ucrp vnpou anun Op lOK ua nonuu e rp ll r y pl'! 11 4 T -1501:! Cn auo B nati op 28/ IV 1971 r.
Il onn an tPlir y p a C 1I0 p \l an b Il0i't ocau xof IlO,1 11 IlCHII0 K IICl /a T II 29/! X 1971 r.
1l0 m l35 1 rjJflr yp a C cuc ry na ro urn» ll(ll ~ OT O ~l BbICOKO(1 Ol\pyr,l GCTII I IG C[) Op , I lIT GOX90' ! 16. O GbeM 9 11. Jl.
Il oau an rpn ryp a C nucryna ioiuua IKU B OT O ~l 1111 3 KOi't o Kp y r JlOCT11 11"1 ;" 'I. - ll:J jl. .1 . 8,59 Tup a :« 52 000 :3K3.
c1Jllr y p bl paauu c 110 ofixuar y r a.nn: II 6 C!:lCp • us U CHa 34 xon.
OC06 CIl1l0 CTli xoucrpynp oua uun 6 p IOK na rjJ!lryp y C OTI<,101ICllI1>')111 Il crp oc­ H 3ll. N~ 122:3 3 a Ka3 Ng 895
111111 1I0 r 11 9 fI n all 1971 r . ,N'g 55
K opp es rup o n au u c 633 0Bbl X JlCKa Jl 6P lOK na tPli ry py C O -o op a 3 I1bl \1I1 5yM ara T llllorpa rpcKafl N2 2
noraxn . . 120
!\0 p p CKTll pO BaIlII C 6 a 3 0 llLI X n ex an 6 p lOK n a rpnryp y C X- 0 6 p a 3 I1 LI ~1 11 j\ \OcKoIlC Kall TIII1. N~ 32 fJl a urHMllr p arrJll PO~la .
1I 0r a ~11I . 122 M o cK Ba . U IlCTIIOii Gy : lbBBp, 26
c1Jllr yp a C 1I0r a .\1Il « Ull p Ky,1CM» 12·\
¢lI ryp a C OT K Jl CII Cllll fI ~11I II rron oac e n un cr yn u cu 125
!\0 p p CKTIlP OIl311I1C 6a 30llblx Jle KaJl 6 pl OK n a rp nryp y C nonepuyr us ru
c r y n u asu: ll ap yIK y 126
Koppcxrup onauue 6 a 3 0 llLI x n ex an 6plOK 11 <1 qJilr ypy co c r ynua sut, n o ue p ­
lIYTLIMII BIlYT Pb 127
¢ u r y p a C pas nu r of M Y CKy .~ aTyp oil ron en n 12K
<Pl1ryp a C 3c IIMMe Tplle il B CTpO e ll l111 nor • 129
f1pllil olKeHIHI 13·1
Jl ureparypa 140