NOTRE DAME OF DADIANGAS UNIVERSITY

Marist Avenue, General Santos City

Graduate School

CLASSROOM PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT:ITS IMPACT ON STUDENTS LEARNING OF

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

EDUC 200
Methods of Research

Submitted By:
MS.LOREN MARIE L. ACEBO

Submitted To:
MR. GAUDY ORTIZO, Ph.D

October, 2023
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1.........................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................1

Problem and It’s Setting ..................................................................................1

Review of Related Literature............................................................................5

Theoretical Framework...................................................................................13

Conceptual Framework.................................................................................. 13

Statement of the Problem...............................................................................14

Hypothesis...............................................................................................15

Scope and Delimitation...................................................................................16

Significance of the Study................................................................................14

CHAPTER II................................................................................................... 18

METHODOLOGY...........................................................................................18

Research Design............................................................................................18

Research Locale.............................................................................................18

Population and Sample.................................................................................. 18

Research Instrument......................................................................................18

Data Gathering Procedure..............................................................................19

Statistical Tools.............................................................................................. 19
References:.................................................................................................... 20
 DEDICATION

The researcher humbly dedicated the endeavor to her beloved

Parents

Mr. Efren B. Lemana

Mrs. Lourdes O. Lemana

To her beloved Husband and Sons

Rodel L. Acebo
Giankurt L. Acebo
Alexander Dale Acebo

To
Mr. Gaudy Ortizo, Ph.D

To

Her

Friends

And

Above all

Our Almighty God and our Savior

Thus Proposal Thesis is Dedicated!

Thank you very much……

Loren Marie L. Acebo

 Acknowledgement

The researcher expresses her utmost gratitude to the almighty Lord God for bestowing upon
her the wisdom, knowledge, guidance, and strength required during the conduct of this study. It is
through His divine intervention that she was able to achieve fulfillment and accomplishment in this
endeavor.

Furthermore, she extends sincere appreciation towards her adviser, Mr. Gaudy Ortizo, Ph.D.,
for his unwavering patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and helpful suggestions which played an
instrumental role in shaping the study.

The researcher would also like to acknowledge the immense support received from her beloved
parents - Efren B. Lemana and Lourdes O. Lemana - as well as her husband Rodel L. Acebo and two
sons Giankurt L. Acebo and Alexander Dale L. Acebo who provided encouragement, guidance, and
thorough support throughout this journey.

Finally, she expresses heartfelt thanks to her friends who helped guide her in writing this
proposed thesis enabling its completion successfully. The researcher recognizes that without their
contributions none of this would have been possible.

The Researcher
 1

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

The Problem and Its Setting

The physical environment of a classroom is an important factor in motivating

students and making the teaching and learning process enjoyable. Proper facilities and
instructional materials contribute to a better academic performance in the class, as
well as affecting the teacher's attitude. A good classroom has a stimulating climate
that results from desirable physical surroundings, healthful conditions, social
relationships, and emotional attitudes. Research has shown that there is a significant
relationship between physical school environment and student's academic
performance in senior secondary school physics. The physical facilities, human
resources, and the relationship among them determine the physical environment of the
school. Students with adequate laboratory facilities in physics perform better than
those without facilities. Poor facilities and inadequate space can affect the
organization of learning environment. Favorable school climate gives room for
students to work hard and improve their academic achievement.

Education for years has been considered as playing functional roles in

preparing individual learners to be socially useful and contribute meaningfully to
national development. The process of learning is an active agent of change such that
students are empowered to generate knowledge, form attitudes and develop requisite
skills for life (Bada, 2015). The right to education to every Ghanaian child of school-
going age is enshrined in the 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Ghana. The state is
mandated to make the necessary resources and facilities available at all levels of the
educational system so that the teaching and learning process can take place efficiently
and effectively. With Ghana’s tenacity to empower national development through
education, How to cite this paper: Baafi, R. K. A. (2020). School Physical
Environment and Student Academic Performance.
 2

Advances in Physical Education Ghana joined the United Nations cohort to

observe the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015 which seeks with 17
goals to address global issues such as poverty eradication, protection of the earth,
sustainable peace and prosperity. Among these goals, Goal 4 provides the education
framework that leads to achieving equity and inclusiveness in the delivery of quality
education and facilitates lifelong learning avenues to all persons (United Nations
Development Programme, 2017). Ghana is making efforts to ensure that the SDGs’
objectives are attained at various levels. The Ministry of Education (MOE) offers
backing to the sector through the implementation of policies and programs to enhance
the quality of education which is not restricted to the privileged in the society only but
accessible to every citizen regardless of social status, gender and abilities. All
Ghanaian children who have attained school-going age are expected to acquire
primary and secondary education freely and access quality and affordable tertiary
education which includes technical and vocational training by the year 2030 for
sustainable livelihood and acquisition of literacy and numeracy competencies (MOE,
2017). Unfortunately, there are concerns about the falling standards of the Ghanaian
education system which could jeopardize the SDGs goals which is because statistics
from the West African Secondary School Certificate Examinations (WASSCE)
indicating that the percentage of high school graduates who failed their examinations
ranged between 50% - 70% in the last five years (Chowa, Masa, & Tucker, 2013).

According to the West African Examination Council, 2012, the academic

performance of JHS students in Ghana has been on the decline since 2009. General
performance after BECE declined from in 2009 from 62.16% to 50.21% in 2008, in
2010, from 49.12% to 46.93% in 2011. Ghana Education Service (2014), re-ported
that out of the 51 candidates for 2010 BECE, none achieved a required grade of 6 -
10; only 9 had aggregate 11 - 30 while in 2011, out of the 34 candidates presented for
the BECE, none achieved aggregate 6 - 10. 10 obtained aggregate 11 - 20 and the
other had 21 and above. The problem is not only in Ghana alone but also in other
West African countries who also take part in the WASSCE report, reported similarly
high rates of failures (Onweh & Akpan, 2014). The falling standards of academic
performance of SHS students in Ghana constitute not just an educational challenge
but also a developmental challenge in a country that seeks to use education as a
vehicle for achieving development. Despite the tremendous progress in academic
 3

access for all Ghanaians, several problems are affecting thousands of school-going
children from learning in schools. Most school environments in Ghana are not
conducive to learning; students are overcrowded in classes; there are inadequate water
and sanitation facilities. Most of all, the facilities do not favour the girl child in terms
of menstrual hygiene management (MHM). The poor quality of education depicts the
students’ performance which is traceable to the school learning environment.

Advances in Physical Education released into the system with little human
resource value. The urgent need for addressing the low academic performance at the
SHS level in Ghana requires in-depth empirical research to understand the dynamics
and the complexities of factors that shape academic achievement among students in
SHS. Despite having several empirical studies that have examined academic
performance in different levels of education in Ghana and other African countries,
there are still critical gaps in the current literature that requires further empirical
evidence, for instance, the majority of the studies that examined academic
performance focused primarily or on either parents or student characteristics
(Amponsah, Milledzi, Ampofo, & Gyambrah, 2018), or teacher characteristics and
teacher motivation (Costa & Costa, 2016) or curriculum characteristics (Hervie &
Winful, 2018). These studies have examined these factors in isolation. While these
factors studied could be said to influence students’ academic performance, focusing
on the elements in isolation may necessarily not provide in-sight into how these
factors interact in complex ways to affect academic perfor-mance. Again, most
studies available have become overly focused on tangible factors (i.e., teacher
remuneration, educational facilities, curriculum development) that influence academic
performance. There are equally important and more intangible factors like school
environments that affect academic performance but may have escaped researchers at
the global level and particularly in low and middle-income countries. These gaps have
led to a limited understanding of what can predict students’ academic performance in
low and middle-income countries such as Ghana. Addressing these gaps provides in-
depth knowledge of how different domains enhance the school learning environment
in ways that impact students’ academic performance differently. The following
research objectives, therefore, guided this study; to assess the effect of the school
physical learning environment on students’ academic performance in senior high
 4

schools in Ghana and to investigate the influence that students’ characteristics have on
academic performance in the context of the school physical learning environment.

Learning environment is the space allocated for learning and teaching and it is
an important aspect that needs to be addressed to ensure the effectiveness and to
improve learning outcomes. Quality learning environment may promote intellectual
activities, interaction, generation of ideas, friendship, cooperation and encourage
learning, growth and personal development of students. In the learning environment,
there are various aspects that interact and affect the students. Many studies conducted
shows the learning environment can affect learning outcomes and student
development (Serris & Miller, 2011; Evans, 2006). The study also revealed that there
is a relationship between the learning environment with student in terms of their
achievement, satisfaction, comfort, health and enjoyment (Higgins, Hall, Wall,
Woolner, and McCaughey, 2005; Che Nidzam Che Ahmad, Kamisah Osman, & Lilia
Halim, 2010). In addition, the learning environment may also affect
students’behavior and their social interaction (Sanoff, 2000). Thus, the classroom
learning environment should be well designed and carefully planned to enable
students to learn comfortably, collect learning information actively, gain appropriate
experiences, assess their own learning and responds to their personal experiences in a
variety of contexts.
 5

Literature Review

The Nigerian Schools of Architecture are facing a myriad of challenges,

including outdated design, declining conditions, and capacity utilization pressures.
These factors are posing a threat to the academic performance of architecture
students. To address these issues, a study was conducted to examine the impact of the
learning environment on the academic performance of students at Covenant
University in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.

The research adopted both quantitative and qualitative research approaches.

Data was collected through structured questionnaires, and analysis was done using
IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). The results revealed that the
classroom environment has significant effects on students' academic performance.
This is because their satisfaction and comfort in the learning environment play a
critical role in their overall academic performance.

Moreover, the study showed that facilities and physical components within
classrooms have an impact on students' comfort levels and thus their academic
performance. While physical components did not have a direct effect on academic
performance, it is recommended that visual learning aids be maximized to enhance
students' engagement in class activities. Additionally, classroom facilities should be
improved to encourage students to make use of their classrooms fully.

It is worth noting that while physical components may not directly affect
students' academic outcomes, perceptions about these elements can create either
positive or negative experiences for them. Therefore, it is crucial to explore how
students perceive these components to create comfortable classroom environments
conducive to optimal learning outcomes. In conclusion, addressing challenges faced
by schools of architecture will require strategic interventions aimed at improving the
learning environment's quality and effectiveness.

Students cannot achieve success in terms of their behavior or academic

learning without a deliberately created environment. Designing the classroom plays a
 6

crucial role in establishing an effective learning environment. The design should be

purposeful, incorporating natural light, flexible spaces, comfortable furniture,
strategic use of color, and technology that supports learning. The objective of this
project is to examine how classroom design impacts the learning outcomes of students
in Cameroon. The method employed is a narrative review study, where peer-reviewed
research articles were carefully reviewed. The articles were screened based on their
titles, abstracts, and full texts. Out of the initial 40 citations, 31 were excluded after
the title and abstract screening. Subsequently, 25 articles were retrieved for further
reading and analysis.

In today's society, schools are increasingly being held accountable for every
aspect of student achievement. The effective classroom environment plays a crucial
role in enhancing the instructional process and ensuring its productivity, effectiveness,
and success. Without an effective classroom environment, the teaching and learning
process is unlikely to yield fruitful results (Kochenderfer-Ladd & Pelletier, 2008).
There is limited knowledge about the relationship between different classroom
environment styles and student outcomes, as teachers vary in how they manage their
classrooms. Optimizing the classroom environment is a key strategy for maximizing
student achievement in both private and public schools (Brannon, 2010). The
importance of the classroom environment was emphasized in the 1983 publication of
'A Nation at Risk: The Imperative For Educational Reform' by the National
Commission on Excellence in Education. This report attributed poor classroom
environment as a factor in explaining why some students in certain schools receive
only one-fifth of the reading comprehension..

“Classroom environment is a critical part of effective instruction”. “Effective

classroom management, which begins with efficient lesson planning preparation,
helps teacher to teach and students to learn”(Brannon, 2010). “Students thrive in a
positive class climate and an environment in which they feel safe, cared for and
involved”. “From a student perspective, effective Classroom environment provides
students with opportunities to socialize while learning interesting content”. “From a
teacher perspective, effective classroom management involves preventive discipline
and interesting instruction”(Suleman & Hussain, 2014). “Similarly, Classroom
environment is important because it keeps students motivated to continue their work,
 7

provides appropriate instruction and feedback, and managing student work and it can
keep disruptive behaviors down to a minimum”(Clunies‐Ross, Little, & Kienhuis,
2008). “The effective teacher is an extremely good classroom manager. Effective
teaching and learning cannot take place in a poorly managed classroom”. “If students
are disorderly and disrespectful, and no apparent rules and procedures guide behavior,
chaos becomes the norm”(Brady, 2004).

Well managed classrooms provide an environment in which teaching and

learning can flourish”(Ahmad, 2010). “Many research studies have suggested that a
conducive classroom environment promotes students’ academic achievement”.
“Classroom environment strategies are a crucial part of teachers’ success in creating a
safe and effective learning environment for students”. “ The purpose of education is to
provide a safe and friendly environment in order for learning to take place”.
“Therefore teachers should know how to use and apply strategies that will allow and
also help students to learn”(Suleman, Hussain, & Akhtar, 2013).

A large amount of child's time is spent sitting in a classroom. Classroom is a

place that can offer a wholesome venue for learning activities which can be realized
only in an atmosphere conducive to both teaching and learning process. This is the
place where they will learn the various skills deemed necessary and proper for them to
achieve success in this globally competitive society. The classroom is where they will
gain an understanding of their place in the world and the gifts that they have to offer
it. It is where the students develop what they want their future to look like, as well as
knowledge of their skills needed to reach that goal.

With the classroom being such an important place in the growth of a child, it is
important to understand the ways in which to affect this environment in order to
receive maximum effectiveness in instruction. If schools really do play a large role in
teaching the next generation how to be successful members of society, then every
precaution should be taken to make sure that learning environment is one that helps
students thrive. Classroom is a place where formal learning occurs but the atmosphere
makes the classroom better.Oworye, J.S (2011) showed that there is a significant
difference between the academic achievement of students in rural and urban
secondary schools as measured by senior school certificate examinations. To him, the
 8

geographical location of schools has a significant influence on the academic

achievement of students. Also the study has proven that students in urban areas had
better academic achievement than their rural counterpart. In other word, students in
urban locations have a very advantage of favorable learning environment that
apparently enhance their academic performance.

A research by Sunday, A.A (2012) revealed that there is a significant

relationship between physical school environment and students' academic
performance in senior secondary school physics. To him, the physical school
environment has some influences on students' academic achievement in senior
secondary school physics. The physical facilities, human resources, and the
relationship among them determine the physical environment of the school. The result
indicated that students with adequate laboratory facilities in physics perform better
than those in school with less or without facilities, this simply because laboratory
forms part enrich the physical school environment. It was also discovered that poor
facilities and inadequate space, as well as the arrangement of items including seats in
the classroom, library and laboratory would affect the organization of learning
environment. Favourable school climate gives room for students to work hard and
enhance their academic achievement.

Orlu, C. (2013) conducted a research among six hundred teachers and students
with the aim to find out environmental influence on the academic performance of
secondary school students in Port Harcourt local government area of river state. The
result of this research indicated that the school environment has a significant influence
on the academic performance. For example, when a school is sited in a noisy area like
an airport or in the heart of a city where activities disrupt the teaching-learning of the
student. One will not expect such students in this area to be doing well academically.
Noise in anything interferes with teaching learning process.

However, the physical structure of the school building and the interactions
between teachers and students also influence students' performance. School climate
can be a positive influence on the health of the learning environment or a significant
barrier to learning. The school environment can affect many areas and people within
schools. For example, a positive school climate has been associated with fewer
 9

behavioral and emotional problems for students.Therefore it is believed that a positive

interpersonal relationship and optional learning opportunities for students for smooth
running of academic activities which results in goodacademic performance.

Suleman and Hussain (2014) reported that studies in on the classroom

environment revealed that physical environment plays a vital role in the teaching-
learning process. It can affect the performance of both teachers and students. The
classroom environment includes many different facets. The environment can include
the placement of tables and chairs, lighting and temperature, classroom management,
discipline techniques, and engaging lesson plans.

Denial, K.K. Felix, K.(2014) examined the impact of the school environment
and peer influence on the students' academic performance. The study assessed school
environment factors and peer influence in term of the level of psychological impact
they have on learners. Twenty one public secondary schools in sabbatic established
that school environment exert a potent influence on students' academic performance.
The school as an institution of learning which also acts as a second home of learners
has been found to have a strong relationship with students' academic performance.
Therefore, the head teacher and the teachers should provide a favourable learning
environment where students are free to consult them when in need. They should also
provide adequate education facilities that can arouse interests in the students and to
motivate them to work hard. It is believed that a cordial relationship between the head
teacher and students create an environment favorable to learning as discussions
encouraged, and learners are listened. The head teacher works together with students
on how to succeed in life and academic work. The important role of the teacher in the
learning process is unquestionable.Teachers have a lot of influence on their classroom
practices. It is important to note that teachers have a substantial impact on students'
academic performance.However, the school sector (private or public) and class size
are two important structural components of the school. Private school tends to have
both better funding and smaller size than public schools. The additional funding for
private schools leads to a better academic performance and more access to resources
such as computer than have been shown to enhance academic achievement.
 10

Republic Act No. 7836 known as the Philippine Teachers Professionalization

Act of 1994 in its Statement of Policy declares that “The State recognizes the vital
role of teachers in nation building and development through a responsible and literate
citizenry.” An educator, Richard Reginald Green, supports the preceding concept
when he said, “The future of the nation is on the shoulders of teachers and how they
teach kids; the future of the world is in the classroom where the teachers are. And if
we have any chance to guarantee a positive bridge to the 21st century, it show we
educate the children in the classroom today.” Teachers are the catalysts of change;
they're the torch bearers always lighting the path towards progress of the world in all
its facets.

Also, John F. Kennedy said, “Our progress as nation can be no swifter than
our progress in education.” Indeed, the progress of a nation largely depends on the
kind of education the nation has.The well-educated citizenry can contribute much to
the economic advancement of a nation. On the other hand, the kind of education a
nation has largely depends on the kind of teachers the nation has. Teachers can make
a difference in the lives of the students because they are charged with the noble task
of shaping souls fit for heaven as advocated by Henry Brooks Adams when he
said,“A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops.”

The classroom still remains to be the main learning environment in the schools
although learning can take place in other venues. On this premise, it is imperative that
educators strive to make the classroom the best venue for students to attain their full
potential in academic performance.According to Andy Hargreaves and Michael
Fullon ,“It is what teachers think, what teachers do and what teachers are at the level
of the classroom that ultimately shapes the kind of learning that young people get.”
On the impact of the classroom atmosphere, Haim Ginott said, “I've come to the
frightening conclusion that I am the decisive element in the classroom. It's my
personal approach that creates the climate. It's my daily mood that makes the weather.
As a teacher, I possess tremendous power to make a student's life miserable or joyous.
I can be a tool of torture or an instrument of inspiration. I can humiliate or humor,
hurt or heal. In all situations it is my response that decides whether a crisis will be
escalated or deescalated and a student humanized or dehumanized.” So, classroom
climate is so much influenced by the teacher’s daily mood and is so much affecting
 11

the student’s academic standing in the classroom. Much have been written about the
educational phenomenon that it becomes an issue of concern among educators.

Definition of Classroom Climate A classroom climate refers to a composite of

variables working together to promote learning in comfortable environment in a
classroom. Every classroom is unique because there is a wide range of variables that
have an impact on the climate in classroom. However, a number of elements are
required for the establishment of a successful learning environment. The most
important thing for a classroom is to create an atmosphere promoting learning. In
order to achieve this atmosphere, every item in the classroom should emphasize
learning in some way. Classroom climate is defined as the type of environment
that is created for students by the school, teachers, and peers. Teachers are continually
looking to create a "positive" classroom climate in which student learning is
maximized. It is having an environment where students feel safe,nurtured, and
intellectually stimulated. This type of positive classroom climate allows for students
to meet their basic needs of physical and mental health. While there is no specific
definition of what creates a negative classroom climate, it is considered to be one in
which students feel uncomfortable, whether physically, emotionally, or academically,
for any reason.

There are two aspects of classroom climate: the physical and social
environment. Physical environment refers to the arrangement of chairs,tables, fixtures
and pieces of furniture, the painting, lighting and ventilation while the social
environment refers to the leadership exhibited by the teacher like democratic,
authoritarian and laissez-faire and the mode of students’ participation such as
collaborative, individualistic or competitive. The classroom climate was perceived as
“Most Conducive” by the respondents. Students had positive experience as to
classroom climate.Somehow, it was a climate promoting learning to some extent if
not to the maximum. The highest bulk of the students had the “Very Good” academic
performance. Correlation between classroom climate and academic performance
ranges from Low to Moderately Low Positive correlation. Slight percentage of
classroom climate explains the variance in the academic performance. For
Studentships, academic performance is not significantly correlated to classroom
 12

climate. Classroom climate might not be the only factor contributing to their academic
performance.

Positively, there might be other factors contributing to it like their personal

persistence and determination to have academic success wherever they are or they can
still attain academic success regardless of classroom climate.For BSED students,
academic performance insignificantly correlated to classroom climate. To certain
extent, classroom climate had contributed to their academic performance. Teacher
factor,class activities and general classroom atmosphere can significantly motivate
them to attain academic success.As to social environment in the classroom,the
students’ most preferred leadership by the teacher was democratic and their most
preferred mode of participation was collaborative. Somehow,it is implied by the result
that academic success of the students still depends on the concerted effort of the two
main stakeholders of the learning environment: the teachers and the students.
 13

Conceptual Framework

Students cannot be successful in terms of their behavior, or academic learning,

without an environment that has been intentionally created for this purpose.
Classroom design is a critical element in creating an effective learning environment.
Classroom design should be intentional and purposeful, incorporating elements such
as natural light, flexible spaces, comfortable furniture, strategic use of color, and
technology that supports learning. The objective of this study is to discover how to
enhance the learning environment for students by reviewing related work on how
classroom design affect learning outcomes of students.

Figure 1 presented the independent variable and the dependent variable of the
study.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Classroom Physical
Environment Impact

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

 14

Statement of the Problem

The researcher aimed to determine the classroom physical impact on

students learning of senior high school students. Specifically, the researcher sought to
find answer to the following questions:

1. What is the status of classroom physical environment of senior high school students
to the following:
1.1 Facilities
1.2 Painting and Lightning
1.3 Proper Ventilation
1.4 Seating Arrangement

2. To what extent does classroom physical environment affect students learning in the
following:

2.1 Students ability to learn

2.2 Academic achievement
2.3 Prosocial behavior
2.4 Foster positive attitudes and motivations

3. To what extent are the given factor contribute to classroom physical environment in
the following:
3.1 Improve motivation and learning process.
3.2 Improve their academic performance task.
3.3 Having students share vulnerabilities and dreams in a way to get them show and
learn empathy.
3.4 Increase confidence and abilities to bring hope and a brighter future.

4. How do the senior high school perceive to overall physical environment of the
classroom?
 15

Hypothesis

The researcher proposed two hypotheses in this research. They are Null Hypothesis
(Ho) and the Alternative Hypothesis (Ha).

1. Ho: There is no significant relationship between the classroom physical

environment and its impact into the student learning.

2. Ha: There is no significant relationship between the classroom physical

environment and its impact into the student learning.
 16

Scope and Delimitation

The researcher aims to align this investigation to the impact of classroom

physical environment with students learning of senior high school of Goldenstate
College.The scope of this study is to determining the impact of classroom physical
environment into the student given learning.

This study will be conducted at Goldenstate College Lagao Campus.The

respondent are the selected student of senior high school student level.
 17

Significance of the Study

The focus of my study is based primarily on the senior high school level. I am
hoping that the topic of my research will enable other teachers to expand their
knowledge about the impact of classroom physical environment on their students'
learning. The factors that contribute to classroom physical environment are relevant in
classrooms with students of senior high school levels. Thus, my study is one that is
based on a condition that is apparent in any classroom.

All classrooms have an environment or climate that could play a serious role
in the success of the students. Real learning and conversation do not happen without
an environment that fosters that possibility. Classroom physical environment is an
important topic that every teacher should know about because these are issues that
take place in every classroom. Although this specific case study and the suggestions I
make for the targeted classrooms may not be applicable to other classrooms because
of the location, size and population that I am working with, the information found in
my research can be applied to any classroom because classroom environment is likely
to affect all students.Students need to be comfortable with themselves, their
surrounding, classmates, and teachers in order to gain the most beneficial education.
In a classroom where student learning is fostered by the environment, the overall
success of the students becomes positive.
Findings of this study are beneficial to the following persons:
School Administration. To plan how to have a learning environment that is positive
that can lead to greater student achievements.
Students. The learning environment should be well designed and carefully planned to
enable students to learn comfortably,collect learning information actively,gain
appropriate experiences,asses their own learning and respond to their personal
experiences in a variety of context.
Teachers. To teach effectively because of supportive and positive environment.
Researcher. This study add body of knowledge and the next researcher can use the
study as their reference.
Future Researcher. This study will serve as a reference for the future projects in
relation to the learning management system.
 18

Chapter 2

Methodology

This chapter presents and discusses the research design and the general
procedure in the conduct of the study

Research Design

A research design can be descriptive,or exploratory (Yin, 2003). It is

descriptive when a study is about depicting accurately the case study and its elements
such as people, systems, processes and culture. According to Saunders et al. (2009) a
descriptive research study attempts to explicate deeply an element or a specific
phenomenon. A research study is explanatory when the intention is not only to
describe the phenomenon, but also to go in-depth to offer further understanding of
relationship between cause and effect. The last category is the exploratory study
where a research study intends to define, observe and clarify a research question or a
phenomenon, which is new in a typical setting (Yin, 2003; Shields & Rangarajan,
2013).

Selection of Respondents

Survey and correlation research designs were employ to carry out this study.
The population for the study comprise all selected student of senior high school
students of six randomly selected class advisory of Goldenstate College. At the time
of gathering this report, there are 60 students students in the selected classroom
advisory .300 students representing 20% and 60 students were randomly selected.
Self-developed Questionnaire will be used for collection of data for this study.
Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and multiple regression will use
to analyse the data.

Research Instruments
This study uses a qualitative research design. A total of 60 students from
senior high school student in Goldenstate College were selected randomly as
respondent. Students’ perception on physical aspects and its effect were measured
 19

using Physical Aspects Classroom Environment Inventory (PACE). The PACE

consists of nine constructs. Six constructs which were furniture, facilities, space,
lighting, indoor air quality and colour were used to measure the suitability of the
physical classroom environment. While three constructs which were health,
enjoyment, and learning were used to measure the effects of physical environment on
students.

Data Gathering Procedure

Data will be gather via a survey instrument that will administer to students
during their class session .Survey data containing feedback on classroom physical
environments can provide insight on the student learning impact. All respondent were
anonymous but students were given course points to complete the instrument by
signing a classroom roll as they turned in the instrument.The researchers will inform
consent from the students. The instrument collected data on the students’
backgrounds, perceptions about the classroom physical environment, the perceptions
of the instructor and instruction, and expected grade in the class. The survey questions
were developed after consulting previous questionnaires about classroom environment
and adding questions from the university’s standard end of course evaluation. Likert
scales were used for the opinion questions on the environment and instruction. The
instrument was pilot tested using a separate group of students to ensure the clarity of
questions and that the length of the instrument was not excessive.

Statistical Tools
In analysis of the data of the study, the researchers will employ the following
statistical tools.
T-test.This will be used to test the significant difference between the 2
variables.Multiple Correlation.

This will be used to determine if the independent variable which is the

Classroom Physical Environment have influence on the dependent variable which is
the Impact in Students Learning.
 20

References:

Amponsah, M. O., Milledzi, E. Y., Ampofo, E. T., & Gyambrah, M. (2018).

Relationship between Parental Involvement and Academic Performance of Senior
High School Stu-dents: The Case of Ashanti Mampong Municipality of Ghana.
American Journal of Educational Research, 6, 1-8.

Apter, M. J. (2014). Towards a Theory of Things: Reversal Theory and

Design. Journal of Motivation, Emotion, and Personality, 2, 3-11.
https://doi.org/10.12689/jmep.2014.302

Asiyai, R. (2011). Effective Classroom Management Techniques for

Secondary Schools. African Research Review, 5, 282-291.

Bada, S. O. (2015). The Psychogenesis of Knowledge and Its Epistemological

Significance. Language and Learning, 5, 23-34.

Bennett, C. P., Hague, A., & Perkins, C. (1991). The Use of Baker-Miller Pink
in Police Operational and University Experimental Situations in Britain. International
Journal of Biological and Medical Research, 13, 118-127.

Boray, P. F., Gifford, R., & Rosenblood, L. (1989). Effects of Warm White,
Cool White and Full-Spectrum Fluorescent Lighting on Simple Cognitive
Performance, Mood and Ratings of Others. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 9,
297-307.

Andaya, O. (2016). Factors that affect the academic perfor-mance of

indigenous people (ip) students of philippine nor-mal university-north luzon. Asia
Pacific Journal of Research,2(36):108–115.

Andaya, O. J. F. (2014). Factors that affect mathematicsachievements of

students of philippine normal university-isabela campus. Researchers World Journal
of Arts, Scienceand Commerce, 5(4):84–90.

Belgrave, K. L. and Jules, J. E. (2015). Students’ attitudes to-wards research:

Applying best practice principles through astudent-centred approach. Unpublished
thesis
 21

CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

Name (Optional):______________________________________________________

Direction: Check the number that corresponds to your answer.

Scale: Description Interpretation

4 To a Great Extent observed all the time
3 Somewhat observed most of the time
2 Very Little rarely observed1
1 Not at all never observed

Indicators 4 3 2 1
1.) Physical appearance or the paint/colour of the
classroom makes me feel comfortable.
2.) Chairs and tables are in good condition
3.) The cleanliness of floor is maintained
4.) The electric or ceiling fan is functioning well.
5.) The fluorescent lamp is illuminated.
6.) Classroom behaviour of classmates are controllable
7.) The white board is properly maintained that is keeping
it clean and free of scotch tapes and etc.
8.) Size of the classroom is according to right
specifications
9.) The classroom temperature is satisfying
10.) The seating arrangement with the use of seat plan is
followed.