Development length in tension bars for isolated footings according to

ACI 318-19:

‫ﻣﺮﻳﻜﻰ‬%&‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻃﻮل اﻟﺘﻤﺎﺳﻚ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺸﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ أﺳﻴﺎخ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ واﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﻮد ا‬
:‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﻴﻦ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻰ‬
1. The general development length equation (Eq. (25.4.2.4a)):

! ( ∗ () ∗ (* ∗ (+
= ∗ ∗
". " ∗ $ ∗ % &- + / 0 -
, 1
′
&
-

2. The simplified provisions of 25.4.2.3:

Spacing and cover No. 19 and smaller bars No. 22 and larger bars
Clear spacing of bars being
developed or lap spliced not less ?@ ∗ (A ∗ (B ∗ (C ?@ ∗ (A ∗ (B ∗ (C
> H ∗ IJ > H ∗ IJ
than db, clear cover at least db, and D. " ∗ E ∗ %?FG ". S ∗ E ∗ %?FG
stirrups or ties throughout ℓd not Above equation derived based on: Above equation derived based on:
less than the Code minimum.
FJ + L AM FJ + L AM
Or , 1 = ". NO , 1 = ". NO
IJ IJ

Clear spacing of bars being (P =0.8 (P = "

developed or lap spliced at least 2
db and clear cover at least db
?@ ∗ (A ∗ (B ∗ (C
> H ∗ IJ
". T ∗ E ∗ %?FG
Above equation derived based on:
?@ ∗ (A ∗ (B ∗ (C
> H ∗ IJ
". " ∗ E ∗ %?FG
Above equation derived based on:

Other cases FJ + L AM FJ + L AM
, 1=" , 1="
IJ IJ

(P =0.8 (P =1

:‫ت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬6&‫وط اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎد‬./‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟ‬

• UVB WXYZBP [? % G
& ZPBI A[ FXYFZYXAB IBWBY[\]B^A YB^CAV PVXYY ^[A B_FBBI `. a bcX

% G
& d `. aO efg

• UVB F[^?h^B]B^A ABM] (&- + / 0 )/ - PVXYY ^[A B_FBBI D. N

&- + / 0
, 1 d D. NO
-

• AVB \M[IZFA [? AVB FXPAh^C \[PhAh[^ ?XFA[M X^I B\[_@ ?XFA[M (A (B PVXYY ^[A B_FBBI ". S

( ∗ () d ". SO
An isolated footing has plan dimensions of
3500 mm * 3500 mm and an overall depth of
800 mm. the footing is reinforced with 22T-
150 mm c/c in both directions with uncoated
bars with fy =420 Mpa and concrete strength
fc = 21 Mpa; the column dimension is 700 mm
*700 mm and clear cover = 75 mm.

Check the required tension development

length Ld of bars versus the available
embedment:

Design the required tension development length

A. Ld using simplified equation:
shIB FYBXM F[WBM = SN ]] = a. T"IJ
J[AA[] FYBXM F[WBM = J[AA[] FYBXM F[WBM + JXM IhX]BABM = SN + DD = tS ]] = T. T" -

uB^ABM A[ FB^ABM P\XFh^C [? JXMP = "NO ]]

uYBXM P\XFh^C [? JXMP = uB^ABM A[ FB^ABM P\XFh^C [? JXMP − IJ = "NO − DD = "D` ]] = N. `DIJ
sh^FB FYBXM F[WBM [? JXMP ≥ IJ X^I FYBXM P\XFh^C ≥ DIJ ZPB Ph]\Yh?hBI BxZXAh[^

! ∗ y ∗ y) ∗ y+
=> H∗ -
". S ∗ $ ∗ % G
&

y = ". O y) = ". O y+ = ". O $ = ". O

! ∗ y ∗ y) ∗ y+ TDO ∗ ". O ∗ ". O ∗ ". O

=> H∗ - =, 1∗ - = NT -
". S ∗ $ ∗ % G
& ". S ∗ ". O ∗ √D"

= NT ∗ DD = ""`` {{ > YIA ]h^ = aOO ]] [L

AVB XWXhYXJYB B]JBI]B^A YB^CAV = "TOO − SN = "aDN ]] > = ""`` {{ }/

Therefore, the footing is wide enough to use straight bars for development and does not
require hooks at both ends.
 B. Ld using general equation:
! ( ∗ () ∗ (* ∗ (+
= ∗ ∗
". " ∗ $ ∗ % G &- + / 0 -
& , 1
-
y = ". O y) = ". O (* = ". O y+ = ". O $ = ". O

Cb is a factor that represents the least of the side cover, the concrete cover to the bar (in both cases
measured to the center of the bar), or one-half the center-to-center spacing.
FJ" = PhIB FYBXM F[WBM + O. NIJ = SN + "" = `• ]]
FJD = J[AA[] FYBXM F[WBM + J[AA[] JXM IhX]BABM + O. NIJ = SN + DD + "" = "O` ]]
FJa = O. N ∗ uB^ABM A[ FB^ABM P\XFh^C [? JXMP = O. N ∗ "NO = SN ]] F[^AM[YP
Ktr is a factor that represents the contribution of confining reinforcement across potential splitting
planes.
TO ∗ • 0
/0=
*∗‚
n = the number of bars being developed or lap spliced along the plane of splitting.
s = maximum center-to-center spacing of transverse bars within Ld.
L AM FXYFZYXABI ?M[] V[Mh„[^AXY P\YhAAh^C (?XhYZMB) \YX^B:
Since no confining reinforcement across potential splitting planes.
TO ∗ …AM
… AM = O. O L AM = = O. O
P∗^
FJ + L AM SN + O. O FJ + L AM
= = a. T" > D. NO ZPB = D. NO
IJ DD IJ
L AM FXYFZYXABI ?M[] WBMAhFXY P\YhAAh^C (?XhYZMB) \YX^B:
Since confining reinforcement across vertical potential splitting planes acting by bottom reinforcement
bars.
‡ ‡
… AM = † ˆ ∗ IDJ = † ˆ ∗ DDD = a`O ]]D P = "NO ]] ^ = " JXM
T T
TO ∗ … AM TO ∗ a`O
L AM = = = "O". a
P∗^ "NO ∗ "
FJ + L AM SN + "O". a FJ + L AM
= = `. O" > D. NO ZPB = D. NO
IJ DD IJ

! ( ∗ () ∗ (* ∗ (+ TDO ". O ∗ ". O ∗ ". O ∗ ". O

= ∗ ∗ = ∗ ∗ = aT
". " ∗ $ ∗ % G &- + / 0 -
". " ∗ ". O ∗ √D" D. N - -
& , 1
-

= aT ∗ DD = ST` {{ > {‰‚ = aOO {{ }/

AVB XWXhYXJYB B]JBI]B^A YB^CAV = "TOO − SN = "aDN ]] > = ST` {{ }/

Therefore, the footing is wide enough to use straight bars for development and does not
require hooks at both ends.
 Results of calculations for development length in tension bottom bars:

ACI 318-19 Equations

Available Properly
Embedment anchored?

Simplified equation 1188 mm 1325 mm yes

General equation 748 mm 1325 mm yes